Personality. Pattern of thinking, feeling and behaving that is characteristic of an individual....
-
Upload
samantha-sullivan -
Category
Documents
-
view
213 -
download
0
Transcript of Personality. Pattern of thinking, feeling and behaving that is characteristic of an individual....
Personality
Personality
• Pattern of thinking, feeling and behaving that is characteristic of an individual.
• Psychoanalytic perspective
• Humanistic perspective
• Trait perspective
• Social-cognitive perspective
Freud: Psychoanalytic theory
• Basics of psychoanalytic theory– Focus on the unconscious
• Conscious• Preconscious• Unconscious
– Importance of childhood experiences
Structure of personality
• Id
• Superego
• Ego
Psychosexual development
• Oral stage
• Anal stage
• Phallic stage
• Latency stage
• Genital stage
• Fixation
Defense mechanisms
• Repression
• Regression
• Reaction formation
• Projection
• Rationalization
• Displacement
• Sublimation
Psychoanalytic therapy
• Free association
• Dream analysis
Limitations of psychoanalytic theory
• Personality continues to develop throughout life
• Influence of social and cultural dynamics
• Modern research– Dreams– Memory repression
• Psychoanalytic theory is scientifically untestable
Neo-Freudians: Psychodynamic perspective
• Carl Jung - focus on the unconscious– Dimensions of personality– Collective unconscious
• Alfred Adler & Karen Horney– Importance of childhood social experiences
Erikson: Psychosocial development
• Personality results from the resolution of psychosocial crises that occur throughout development– Trust vs. mistrust (infancy-1 year)– Autonomy vs. shame and doubt (1-2 years)– Initiative vs. guilt (3-5 years)– Competence vs. inferiority (6-adolescence)– Identity vs. role confusion (adolescence-young adult)– Intimacy vs. isolation (20s-40s)– Generativity vs. stagnation (40s-60s)– Integrity vs. despair (60+)
Humanistic perspective
• Abraham Maslow - hierarchy of needs– Self-actualizing person– Peak experiences
• Carl Rogers - person-centered approach– Self concept– Unconditional positive regard– Empathy, genuineness
Trait perspective
• Exploring traits– Factor analysis– Personality inventories
Trait perspective
• Big 5 personality factors– Openness– Conscientiousness – Extraversion – Agreeableness– Neuroticism
Trait perspective
• Epigenetic theory– Interaction of genes and environment
Social-cognitive perspective
• Bandura– Reciprocal determinism
Cognitive factors
Behavior Environmental factors
Social-cognitive perspective
• Personal control– Locus of control– Learned helplessness– Attribution style