Personality

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What is personality??The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts and interacts with others.The complex of all the attributes--behavioral, temperamental, emotional and mental--that characterize a unique individual;

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Factors that determine an individuals personalityHeredity EnvironmentSituation

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HeredityIt refers to those factors that were determined at conception.Physical stature ,facial attractiveness ,gender, temperament etc.

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EnvironmentCulture ,our early conditioning ,norms in our family, friends ,social group

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SituationThe changing personality in different situations call forth different aspects of ones personality.

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Personality traitsWhen popular characteristics like shy, aggressive, submissive, lazy, ambitious,loyal and timid occur in abundance and consistency we say that it is the PERSONALITY TRAIT .

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16 primary traitsReservedLess intelligentAffected by feelingsSubmissiveSeriousExpedientTimidTough mindedOutgoingMore intelligentEmotionally stableDominantHappy go luckyConscientiousVenturesomesensitive

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16 Primary traitsTrustingPracticalForthrightSelf assuredConservativeGroup dependentUncontrolledrelaxed

SuspiciousImaginativeShrewdApprehensiveExperimentingSelf sufficientControlledTense.

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MBTI

Katharine Cook Briggs and her daughter, Isabel Briggs Myers invented this theory based on the topologies of Carl Gustav Jung ,a famous psychiatrist.The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) assessment is a psychometric questionnaire designed to measure psychological preferences in how people perceive the world and make decisions.

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MBTI personality frameworkThe MBTI sorts some of the psychological differences of individuals into four opposite pairs with a resulting 16 possible psychological types.

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Dichotomies/TwofoldExtroversionIntroversionSensingiNtuitionThinkingFeelingJudgingPerceiving

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MBTIExtroversion- outgoing;speaks then thinks. Relates more easily to the outer world.Introversion- Reflective; thinks then speaks .relates more easily to the inner world.

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Contd..Sensing practical , concrete.would work with known facts than look for possibilities and relationships.Intuiting theoretical , abstract.would look for possibilities and relationships than work with known facts.

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Contd..Thinking- Analytical( head). Relies more on interpersonal analysis and logic than on personal valuesFeeling subjective (heart).Judging structured, organized.Perceiving flexible and spontaneous.

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16 possible personality traits

ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ ISTP ISFP INFP INTP ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ

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ISTJ

Serious and quiet, interested in security and peaceful living. Extremely thorough, responsible, and dependable. Well-developed powers of concentration. Usually interested in supporting and promoting traditions and establishments. Well-organized and hard working, they work steadily towards identified goals. They can usually accomplish any task once they have set their mind to it.

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ISTP

Quiet and reserved, interested in how and why things work. Excellent skills with mechanical things. Risk-takers who they live for the moment. Usually interested in and talented at extreme sports. Uncomplicated in their desires. Loyal to their peers and to their internal value systems, but not overly concerned with respecting laws and rules if they get in the way of getting something done. Detached and analytical, they excel at finding solutions to practical problems.

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ISFJ

Quiet, kind, and conscientious. Can be depended on to follow through. Usually puts the needs of others above their own needs. Stable and practical, they value security and traditions. Well-developed sense of space and function. Rich inner world of observations about people. Extremely perceptive of other's feelings. Interested in serving others.

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ISFP

Quiet, serious, sensitive and kind. Do not like conflict, and not likely to do things which may generate conflict. Loyal and faithful. Extremely well-developed senses, and aesthetic appreciation for beauty. Not interested in leading or controlling others. Flexible and open-minded. Likely to be original and creative. Enjoy the present moment.

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INFP

Quiet, reflective, and idealistic. Interested in serving humanity. Well-developed value system, which they strive to live in accordance with. Extremely loyal. Adaptable and laid-back unless a strongly-held value is threatened. Usually talented writers. Mentally quick, and able to see possibilities. Interested in understanding and helping people.

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INFJ

Quietly forceful, original, and sensitive. Tend to stick to things until they are done. Extremely intuitive about people, and concerned for their feelings. Well-developed value systems which they strictly adhere to. Well-respected for their perserverence in doing the right thing. Likely to be individualistic, rather than leading or following.

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INTJ

Independent, original, analytical, and determined. Have an exceptional ability to turn theories into solid plans of action. Highly value knowledge, competence, and structure. Driven to derive meaning from their visions. Long-range thinkers. Have very high standards for their performance, and the performance of others. Natural leaders, but will follow if they trust existing leaders.

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INTP

Logical, original, creative thinkers. Can become very excited about theories and ideas. Exceptionally capable and driven to turn theories into clear understandings. Highly value knowledge, competence and logic. Quiet and reserved, hard to get to know well. Individualistic, having no interest in leading or following others.

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ESTP

Friendly, adaptable, action-oriented. "Doers" who are focused on immediate results. Living in the here-and-now, they're risk-takers who live fast-paced lifestyles. Impatient with long explanations. Extremely loyal to their peers, but not usually respectful of laws and rules if they get in the way of getting things done. Great people skills.

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ESTJ

Practical, traditional, and organized. Likely to be athletic. Not interested in theory or abstraction unless they see the practical application. Have clear visions of the way things should be. Loyal and hard-working. Like to be in charge. Exceptionally capable in organizing and running activities. "Good citizens" who value security and peaceful living

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ESFP

People-oriented and fun-loving, they make things more fun for others by their enjoyment. Living for the moment, they love new experiences. They dislike theory and impersonal analysis. Interested in serving others. Likely to be the center of attention in social situations. Well-developed common sense and practical ability.

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ESFJ

Warm-hearted, popular, and conscientious. Tend to put the needs of others over their own needs. Feel strong sense of responsibility and duty. Value traditions and security. Interested in serving others. Need positive reinforcement to feel good about themselves. Well-developed sense of space and function.

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ENFP

Enthusiastic, idealistic, and creative. Able to do almost anything that interests them. Great people skills. Need to live life in accordance with their inner values. Excited by new ideas, but bored with details. Open-minded and flexible, with a broad range of interests and abilities.

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ENFJ

Popular and sensitive, with outstanding people skills. Externally focused, with real concern for how others think and feel. Usually dislike being alone. They see everything from the human angle, and dislike impersonal analysis. Very effective at managing people issues, and leading group discussions. Interested in serving others, and probably place the needs of others over their own needs.

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ENTP

Creative, resourceful, and intellectually quick. Good at a broad range of things. Enjoy debating issues, and may be into "one-up-manship". They get very excited about new ideas and projects, but may neglect the more routine aspects of life. Generally outspoken and assertive. They enjoy people and are stimulating company. Excellent ability to understand concepts and apply logic to find solutions.

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ENTJ

Assertive and outspoken - they are driven to lead. Excellent ability to understand difficult organizational problems and create solid solutions. Intelligent and well-informed, they usually excel at public speaking. They value knowledge and competence, and usually have little patience with inefficiency or disorganization.

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The Big Five ModelExtroversionAgreeablenessConscientiousnessEmotional stabilityOpenness to experience

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Contd..Extroversion- A personality dimension describing someone who is sociable, gregarious , and assertiveAgreeableness- A personality dimension that describes someone who is good natured , cooperative and trusting.Conscientiousness- A personality dimension that describes someone who is responsible, dependable , persistent and organized.

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Contd..Emotional stability- A personality dimension that characterizes someone as calm , self confident, secure ( positive).Openness to experience A personality dimension that characterizes someone in terms of imagination , sensitivity and curiosity.

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Major personality attributes influencing OBLocus of control Individuals who believe that they control what happens to them.Externals Individuals who believe that what happens to them is controlled by outside forces such as luck.Internals- Individuals who believe that they control what happens to them.

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Machiavellianism Degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance and believes that ends can justify means.It has been named after Niccolo Machiavelli.

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High Machs flourish when:They interact face to face with others rather indirectlyThe situation has a minimum number of rules and regulationsEmotional involvement is less.

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Self esteemIndividuals degree of liking or disliking themselves.

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Self monitoringA personality trait that measures an individuals ability to adjust his or her behavior to external situational factors.

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Risk takingIndividuals ability to take risks.

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Type AAggressive involvement in a chronic, incessant struggle to achieve more in less and less time and if necessary against the opposing efforts of other things or other people.

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Type A characteristics: are always moving, walking, and eating rapidlyFeel impatient with the rate at which most events take placeStrive to think or do two or more things at onceCannot cope with leisure time.Are obsessed with numbers.

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Type BNever suffer from a sense of time urgency or impatienceFeel no need to display or discuss their achievements unless requiredPlay for fun or relaxation rather than to exhibit superiorityCan relax without guilt

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Personality job fitThis theory was given by John HollandThis is based on the notion of fit between an individuals personality characteristics and his or her occupational environment.It identifies six personality types realistic, investigative, social, conventional, enterprising and artistic.

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Emotions and moodEmotions are intense feelings that are directed at someone or something.Moods- Feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that lack a contextual stimulus.

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Emotional laborA situation in which an employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions.Eg doctors, flight attendants

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Felt vs displayed emotions

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Can people be emotionless??Alexithymia It is a greek word for lack of emotion.Eg in works that are related to data entry or exclusively confined to computer ineraction.

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Emotional Intelligence??

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Definition It is an assortment of non cognitive skills, capabilities, and competencies that influence a persons ability to succeed in coping with environmental demands and pressures.

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Dimensions of emotional intelligenceSelf awareness Being aware of what you are feeling.Self management The ability to manage ones own emotions and impulses.Self motivation- The ability to persist in the face of setbacks and failures.Empathy The ability to sense how others are feeling.Social skills- The ability to handle the emotions of others.

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