PERSONAL VARIATION IN LANGUAGE LEARNING
description
Transcript of PERSONAL VARIATION IN LANGUAGE LEARNING
![Page 1: PERSONAL VARIATION IN LANGUAGE LEARNING](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/568155fa550346895dc3c3e3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PERSONAL VARIATION IN LANGUAGE LEARNING
![Page 2: PERSONAL VARIATION IN LANGUAGE LEARNING](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/568155fa550346895dc3c3e3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
TYPES OF VARIATION
STYLES STRATEGIES PERSONALITYFACTORS
![Page 3: PERSONAL VARIATION IN LANGUAGE LEARNING](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/568155fa550346895dc3c3e3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
LEARNING STYLES
![Page 4: PERSONAL VARIATION IN LANGUAGE LEARNING](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/568155fa550346895dc3c3e3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Field independence
![Page 5: PERSONAL VARIATION IN LANGUAGE LEARNING](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/568155fa550346895dc3c3e3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: PERSONAL VARIATION IN LANGUAGE LEARNING](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/568155fa550346895dc3c3e3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Field dependence and independence
- ability to form acomplete picture
- female feature- sociability,
empathy - interaction
- ability to see the details even among disturbing factors
- increases with age- male feature- independent,
competitive, self-confident
- analysis, classroom learning, focus on details
![Page 7: PERSONAL VARIATION IN LANGUAGE LEARNING](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/568155fa550346895dc3c3e3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Types
Left or right brain dominance Ambiguity tolerance Reflexivity – impulsivity Sensual orientation
– Visual– Audial – Kinesthetic
Please, look it up in your
book!
![Page 8: PERSONAL VARIATION IN LANGUAGE LEARNING](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/568155fa550346895dc3c3e3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
LEARNING STRATEGIES
![Page 9: PERSONAL VARIATION IN LANGUAGE LEARNING](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/568155fa550346895dc3c3e3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Good language learners (Rubin, 1975; Stern, 1975)
take charge of their own learning. organise info about language. creative, experimenting. find opportunities to practice. live with uncertainty. use conscious memory strategies for
recall.
![Page 10: PERSONAL VARIATION IN LANGUAGE LEARNING](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/568155fa550346895dc3c3e3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
learn from errors. rely on their L1 and L3,4… systems. use contextual cues in comprehension. make intelligent guesses. learn chunks and formulas. learn to keep the conversation going. learn different styles and vary them according to
context.
![Page 11: PERSONAL VARIATION IN LANGUAGE LEARNING](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/568155fa550346895dc3c3e3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Types
Metacognitive- Advance organisers- Selective/directed attention- Self-management- Self-monitoring- Self-evaluation
Socioaffective- Cooperation- Clarification
Cognitive- Repetition- Resoucring- Translation- Grouping- Note-taking- Imagery- Keyword- Transfer- Inferencing
![Page 12: PERSONAL VARIATION IN LANGUAGE LEARNING](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/568155fa550346895dc3c3e3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Communication strategiesOxford (1990), Dörnyei (1995)
Avoidance
- Message abandonment e.g.:
- I lost my road.- You lost your road?- Uh, … I lost. I lost. I got lost.
- Topic avoidance
![Page 13: PERSONAL VARIATION IN LANGUAGE LEARNING](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/568155fa550346895dc3c3e3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Compensation
- Circumlocutione.g. „ the thing you open the bottle with”
- Approximatione.g. ship for sailboat
- All-purpose wordse.g. „Could you pass me that thingie?”
- Word coinagee.g. vegetarianist
![Page 14: PERSONAL VARIATION IN LANGUAGE LEARNING](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/568155fa550346895dc3c3e3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
- Prefabriacted patternse.g. „Could you tell me the way to …?”
- Non-linguistic signals- Literal translation
e.g. „one-and-a-half room flat”- Foreignizing
e.g. „löncsölni”, „Hozd már ki a hoovert a bedroomból!”
- Code-switchinge.g. „Where is posta?”
![Page 15: PERSONAL VARIATION IN LANGUAGE LEARNING](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/568155fa550346895dc3c3e3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
PERSONALITY FEATURES
![Page 16: PERSONAL VARIATION IN LANGUAGE LEARNING](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/568155fa550346895dc3c3e3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The affective domain
1. Receiving-tolerating2. Responding-committing3. Valuing4. Organisation of values5. Developing an individual value system
Schuman (1997-1999): amygdala
Learning = emotionally motivated activity
![Page 17: PERSONAL VARIATION IN LANGUAGE LEARNING](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/568155fa550346895dc3c3e3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Aspects
Self-esteem Inhibition Risk-taking Anxiety Extroversion Motivation
![Page 18: PERSONAL VARIATION IN LANGUAGE LEARNING](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/568155fa550346895dc3c3e3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Self-esteem
„a personal judgement of worthiness” (Coopersmith, 1967)
Types: globalsituational or specifictask-related
MacIntyre, Dörnyei, Clément &Noels (1998): direct + relation to „willingness to communicate”
![Page 19: PERSONAL VARIATION IN LANGUAGE LEARNING](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/568155fa550346895dc3c3e3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Inhibition
Self-defence mechanism to protect ego Language ego (Guiora, 1972, Ehrman,
1996) Guiora et. Al. (1972)- the alcohol test
?? Effect on muscular tension Guiora et.al. (1980)- the Valium test
?? Significant tester effect
![Page 20: PERSONAL VARIATION IN LANGUAGE LEARNING](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/568155fa550346895dc3c3e3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Stevick (1976) alienation between – Critical me and performing me– L1 culture and L2 culture– Self and other learners– Self and teacher
Ehrman (1999): thick and thin egos in SLLtolerance of mistakes
![Page 21: PERSONAL VARIATION IN LANGUAGE LEARNING](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/568155fa550346895dc3c3e3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Risk-taking
Relation to inhibition and ambiguity tolerance
Moderate risk-taking correlates with language learning success
accurate guessesbased on skill
Low-risk takers=avoidance High-risk takers=wild guesses
![Page 22: PERSONAL VARIATION IN LANGUAGE LEARNING](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/568155fa550346895dc3c3e3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Anxiety
Types (Oxford, 1999)– Trait– State
Language anxiety (MacIntyre & Gardner, 1989)
- communication apprehension- fear of negative social evaluation- text anxiety
Debilitative and facilitative anxiety
![Page 23: PERSONAL VARIATION IN LANGUAGE LEARNING](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/568155fa550346895dc3c3e3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Extroversion
Extroversion- Sociable, talkative- Western ideal- Need to receive
ego-enhancement, self-esteen from others
Introversion- Quiet, reserved- Derive a sense of
wholeness and fulfillment independent of others
- Inner strength
![Page 24: PERSONAL VARIATION IN LANGUAGE LEARNING](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/568155fa550346895dc3c3e3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Motivation
Types – Integrative– Instrumental– Intrinsic– Extrinsic
![Page 25: PERSONAL VARIATION IN LANGUAGE LEARNING](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/568155fa550346895dc3c3e3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Measuring personality factors
Problems- accuracy of self-perceptions- self-flattery syndrome- culturally ethnocentric, not transferrable
Solutions- variety of methods and instruments- validating
![Page 26: PERSONAL VARIATION IN LANGUAGE LEARNING](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062816/568155fa550346895dc3c3e3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Myers and Briggs