Personal Protective Equipment and Tool Safety

04/21/2304/21/23 Industrial Safety Lecture TwoIndustrial Safety Lecture Two 11

Personal Protective Personal Protective Equipment and Tool Equipment and Tool

SafetySafetyJoe NailJoe Nail


Introduction to PPEIntroduction to PPEEmployees must be protected from harm. Common methods for doing this are Engineering Controls, Work Practices, Administrative Controls and, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Sometimes one or more of the above is used and at times all are used to provide adequate protection. When only PPE is used, the PPE is the only thing protecting the employee from the danger. This unit discusses basic types of PPE and the employer requirements.

What is personal protectiveWhat is personal protectiveequipment?equipment?

Personal protective equipment, or PPE, isPersonal protective equipment, or PPE, is

designed to protect employees from serious designed to protect employees from serious workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with chemical, radiological, physical, contact with chemical, radiological, physical, electrical, mechanical, or other workplace hazards. electrical, mechanical, or other workplace hazards. Besides face shields, safety glasses, hard hats, and Besides face shields, safety glasses, hard hats, and safety shoes, PPE includes asafety shoes, PPE includes a

variety of devices and garments such as goggles, variety of devices and garments such as goggles, coveralls, gloves, vests, earplugs, and respirators.coveralls, gloves, vests, earplugs, and respirators.

04/21/2304/21/23 Industrial Safety Lecture TwoIndustrial Safety Lecture Two

Employer’s ResponsibilitiesEmployer’s Responsibilities(OSHA Subpart I:1910.132-140)(OSHA Subpart I:1910.132-140)

What Kind of PPE Approved PPEWhat Kind of PPE Approved PPEMaintained PPE Training to use PPEMaintained PPE Training to use PPE


OSHA’s primary PPE standards are in Title 29 of the Code of Federal OSHA’s primary PPE standards are in Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 1910 Subpart I, and equivalent regulations in states Regulations (CFR), Part 1910 Subpart I, and equivalent regulations in states with OSHA-approved state plans, but you can find PPE requirements with OSHA-approved state plans, but you can find PPE requirements elsewhere in the General Industry Standards. For example, 29 CFR 1910.156, elsewhere in the General Industry Standards. For example, 29 CFR 1910.156, OSHA’s Fire Brigades Standard, has requirements for firefighting gear. In OSHA’s Fire Brigades Standard, has requirements for firefighting gear. In addition, 29 CFR 1926.95-106 covers the construction industry. OSHA’s addition, 29 CFR 1926.95-106 covers the construction industry. OSHA’s general PPE requirements mandate that employers conduct a hazard general PPE requirements mandate that employers conduct a hazard assessment of their workplaces to determine what hazards are present that assessment of their workplaces to determine what hazards are present that require the use of PPE, provide workers with appropriate PPE, and require require the use of PPE, provide workers with appropriate PPE, and require them to use and maintain it in sanitary and reliable condition. As an employer, them to use and maintain it in sanitary and reliable condition. As an employer, you must assess your workplace to determine if hazards are presentyou must assess your workplace to determine if hazards are presentthat require the use of PPE. that require the use of PPE.

1910.132(d) Hazard Assessment1910.132(d) Hazard Assessment

(2)The employer shall verify that the required workplace (2)The employer shall verify that the required workplace

hazard assessment has been performed through a written hazard assessment has been performed through a written

certification that identifies: certification that identifies:

The workplace evaluated; The workplace evaluated;

The person certifying that the evaluation has been The person certifying that the evaluation has been

performed; performed;

The date(s) of the hazard assessment; and, The date(s) of the hazard assessment; and,

Which identifies the document as a certification of hazard Which identifies the document as a certification of hazard

assessmentassessment

New Employee OrientationNew Employee Orientation


Employer’s ResponsibilitiesEmployer’s Responsibilities

If such hazards are present, you must select PPE and require employees to If such hazards are present, you must select PPE and require employees to use it, communicate your PPE selection decisions to your employees, and use it, communicate your PPE selection decisions to your employees, and select PPE that properly fits your workers. You must also train employees select PPE that properly fits your workers. You must also train employees who are required to wear PPE on how do the following:who are required to wear PPE on how do the following:

Use PPE properly,Use PPE properly, Be aware of when PPE is necessary,Be aware of when PPE is necessary, Know what kind of PPE is necessary,Know what kind of PPE is necessary, Understand the limitations of PPE inUnderstand the limitations of PPE in protecting employees from injury,protecting employees from injury, Don, adjust, wear, and care for PPE, andDon, adjust, wear, and care for PPE, and Maintain PPE properly.Maintain PPE properly.


1910.132(f) Training1910.132(f) Training


Employee’s ResponsibilitiesEmployee’s Responsibilities Inspect Maintain Report DefectsInspect Maintain Report Defects

Employees should look at their equipment on a daily basis to make sure it is good working order. This is the responsibility of each employee.

PPE, especially eye wear and face masks, should be cleaned daily by the person who wears it.

The employee must reports any problems with PPE, as well as other protective equipment, as soon as it is detected.

1910.132(f) Training1910.132(f) Training (2)Workers must (2)Workers must demonstrate an understandingdemonstrate an understanding of the of the

training and the ability to use PPE properly, training and the ability to use PPE properly, beforebefore being being

allowed to perform work requiring the use of PPE:allowed to perform work requiring the use of PPE: (4)Verify that each employee has received and understood the (4)Verify that each employee has received and understood the

required training through a written certification that contains: required training through a written certification that contains: The name of each employee trained, The name of each employee trained,

The date(s) of training, and that The date(s) of training, and that

Identifies the subject of the certificationIdentifies the subject of the certification

1910.138(a) General requirements1910.138(a) General requirements Employers shall select and require employees Employers shall select and require employees

to use appropriate hand protection when to use appropriate hand protection when employees' hands are exposed to hazards such employees' hands are exposed to hazards such as those from: as those from: Skin absorption of harmful substances; Skin absorption of harmful substances;

Severe cuts or lacerations; Severe cuts or lacerations;

Severe abrasions; Severe abrasions;

Punctures; Punctures;

Chemical burns; Chemical burns;

Thermal burns; and Thermal burns; and

Harmful temperature extremesHarmful temperature extremes


Introduction to PPEIntroduction to PPE Hand Protection Hand Protection


Introduction to PPEIntroduction to PPE

Head Head ProtectionProtection

Webbing: 1 inch clearance

Early Hard Hats were made of metal

1910.135(a) General requirements1910.135(a) General requirements

(1)Ensure that each employee (1)Ensure that each employee

wears a protective helmet wears a protective helmet

when working in areas where when working in areas where

there is a potential for injury to there is a potential for injury to

the head from falling objectsthe head from falling objects

Classes and types of Hard hatsClasses and types of Hard hats

Type I hard hats - Type I hard hats - intended to intended to

reduce the force of impact resulting reduce the force of impact resulting

from a blow to the top of the headfrom a blow to the top of the head

Type II hard hats - Type II hard hats - designed to designed to

provide protection against both provide protection against both

side impact (lateral) side impact (lateral) andand blows to blows to

the top of the headthe top of the head

ClassesClasses G (old A)G (old A) GeneralGeneral

2,200 volts2,200 volts

E (old B)E (old B) ElectricalElectrical

20,000 volts20,000 volts

C (same)C (same) ConductiveConductive

1910.135(b) Criteria for protective 1910.135(b) Criteria for protective helmetshelmets

(1)Protective (1)Protective

helmets purchased helmets purchased

after July 5, 1994 after July 5, 1994

shall comply with shall comply with

ANSI Z89.1-1986ANSI Z89.1-1986


Introduction to PPEIntroduction to PPE Care of a Hard HatCare of a Hard Hat



Eye ProtectionEye Protection GlassesGlasses

GogglesGoggles

Z 87.1-1989



Face ProtectionFace Protection


PPE 1910.95PPE 1910.95Protection against the effects of noise exposure shall be Protection against the effects of noise exposure shall be provided when the sound levels exceed those shown in provided when the sound levels exceed those shown in

Table G-16.Table G-16.

Hearing Protection: Reusable and DisposableHearing Protection: Reusable and Disposable

Ear MuffsReusable Ear Plugs

Ear Protection and Communication

Table G-16Table G-16

Exposure Hours per Day Sound Level in dBA

8 90

6 92

4 95

3 97

2 100

1 1/2 102

1 105

1/2 110

¼ or less 115


Ensure that each affected Ensure that each affected

employee uses protective employee uses protective

footwear when working footwear when working

in areas where there is: in areas where there is:

A danger of foot injuries due to A danger of foot injuries due to

falling or rolling objects, or falling or rolling objects, or

Objects piercing the sole, and Objects piercing the sole, and

Where such employee's feet are Where such employee's feet are

exposed to electrical hazardsexposed to electrical hazards

1910.136(a) General requirements1910.136(a) General requirements


Introduction to PPEIntroduction to PPE Foot ProtectionFoot Protection

1910.136(b) Criteria for protective footwear1910.136(b) Criteria for protective footwear

(1)Protective footwear purchased after July 5, (1)Protective footwear purchased after July 5,

1994 shall comply with ANSI Z41-1991, 1994 shall comply with ANSI Z41-1991,

"American National Standard for Personal "American National Standard for Personal

Protection-Protective Footwear,"Protection-Protective Footwear,"


Introduction to PPEIntroduction to PPE Foot Protection(continued)Foot Protection(continued)


Safety HarnessSafety Harness

Limits a fall to only a feetLimits a fall to only a feet

Must be supplied by employerMust be supplied by employer

Employee MUST be trained on how to useEmployee MUST be trained on how to use

Requires a written programRequires a written program



Respiratory ProtectionRespiratory Protection


Respiratory ProtectionRespiratory Protection

Filter RespiratorsFilter Respirators Air-Purifying-particles and gasesAir-Purifying-particles and gases Particulate-dusts and mistsParticulate-dusts and mists

Atmosphere-Supplying-RespiratorsAtmosphere-Supplying-Respirators

Supplied AirSupplied Air

Self ContainedSelf Contained

1910.134(c)(1) Respiratory 1910.134(c)(1) Respiratory protection programprotection program

Where respirators are required you need:Where respirators are required you need: Written programWritten program

Worksite-specific proceduresWorksite-specific procedures

Required elements:Required elements: TrainingTraining

Fit testingFit testing

Medical evaluationsMedical evaluations

Care and maintenanceCare and maintenance

Procedures for respirator selectionProcedures for respirator selection

Procedures for routine & emergency useProcedures for routine & emergency use

1910.134(c)(2) Where respirator use is not 1910.134(c)(2) Where respirator use is not required:required:

(i)If voluntary respirator use is permissible, provide the (i)If voluntary respirator use is permissible, provide the respirator users with the information contained in respirator users with the information contained in Appendix D and,Appendix D and,

(ii)Establish and implement those elements of a written (ii)Establish and implement those elements of a written respiratory protection program* necessary to ensure respiratory protection program* necessary to ensure that any employee using a respirator voluntarily is that any employee using a respirator voluntarily is medically able to use that respiratormedically able to use that respirator

(ii)That the respirator is cleaned, stored, and maintained (ii)That the respirator is cleaned, stored, and maintained so that its use does not present a health hazard to the so that its use does not present a health hazard to the useruser

*Written program not required for voluntary use of dust masks*Written program not required for voluntary use of dust masks


Introduction to PPEIntroduction to PPE Atmosphere Supplying Atmosphere Supplying

RespiratorsRespirators


SCBASCBA

Self Contained Breathing ApparatusSelf Contained Breathing Apparatus

Used in Low Oxygen Environments like Used in Low Oxygen Environments like Confined Spaces as defined by OSHAConfined Spaces as defined by OSHA


Part Two-Hand ToolsPart Two-Hand Tools

Defective ToolsDefective Tools Wrong Tool for the JobWrong Tool for the Job Improperly Maintained ToolImproperly Maintained Tool Tool in the Wrong PlaceTool in the Wrong Place Incorrect Body PositioningIncorrect Body Positioning


Hand ToolsHand Tools

Defective ToolsDefective Tools



Wrong Tool for the JobWrong Tool for the Job



Incorrect UseIncorrect Use



Wrong Place (storage practices)Wrong Place (storage practices) Wrong Body PositioningWrong Body Positioning



ScrewdriversScrewdrivers



WrenchesWrenches



PliersPliers



Hammers and MalletsHammers and Mallets



Chisels and PunchesChisels and Punches



KnivesKnives



Electric Tools and Electrical SafetyElectric Tools and Electrical Safety



Pneumatic ToolsPneumatic Tools



Gasoline Powered Tools and Gasoline Powered Tools and EquipmentEquipment

General Safety PrecautionsGeneral Safety Precautions

Keep all tools in good condition Keep all tools in good condition with regular maintenancewith regular maintenance

Use the right tool for the right jobUse the right tool for the right job

Inspect each tool for damage Inspect each tool for damage before use before use

Operate according to the Operate according to the manufacturer’s instructionsmanufacturer’s instructions

Provide and use proper personal Provide and use proper personal protective equipmentprotective equipment

4747

General Safety Precautions General Safety Precautions

Responsibility of the Responsibility of the employeremployer

PPE provision and monitoringPPE provision and monitoring

Safe work proceduresSafe work procedures

Safe condition of tools including Safe condition of tools including personal toolspersonal tools

4848


Non poweredNon powered

Largest hazardLargest hazard

MisuseMisuse

Improper maintenanceImproper maintenance

Safe useSafe use

Direction of knives and bladesDirection of knives and blades

Sharp knives and bladesSharp knives and blades

Safe working surfacesSafe working surfaces

4949

Power ToolsPower Tools

Classification by power sourceClassification by power source

ElectricElectric

PneumaticPneumatic

Liquid FuelLiquid Fuel

HydraulicHydraulic

Powder ActuatedPowder Actuated

5050

Power Tools (cont.)Power Tools (cont.)

1926.304(d)1926.304(d)

Upper blade guardUpper blade guard

Lower blade guardLower blade guard

Automatically returns to Automatically returns to starting positionstarting position

5151


1926.300(d)(2)1926.300(d)(2)

Equipped with a momentary Equipped with a momentary contact “on-off” control and contact “on-off” control and may have a lock-on control may have a lock-on control provided.provided.

However, that turnoff must be However, that turnoff must be accomplished by a single accomplished by a single motion of the same finger or motion of the same finger or fingers that turn it on.fingers that turn it on.

5252


Momentary Contact “on/off” switchMomentary Contact “on/off” switch

DrillsDrills

TappersTappers

FastenersFasteners

Drivers Drivers

Grinders – Greater than 2” in dia.Grinders – Greater than 2” in dia.

Disc and Belt SandersDisc and Belt Sanders

Reciprocating SawsReciprocating Saws

5353


Positive “on/off” controlsPositive “on/off” controls

Disc Sanders – w/ discs 2” in dia. Or lessDisc Sanders – w/ discs 2” in dia. Or less

Routers Routers

TrimmersTrimmers

ShearsShears

Jig Saws – w/ blade ¼” wide or lessJig Saws – w/ blade ¼” wide or less

5454


ON POSITION OFF POSITION

5555


Never carry tools by cordsNever carry tools by cords

Never pull cords to disconnectNever pull cords to disconnect

Disconnect tools when not in use Disconnect tools when not in use or during maintenanceor during maintenance

Secure work with vice or clampSecure work with vice or clamp Allows two hands for workingAllows two hands for working

Follow users manual instructionsFollow users manual instructions

5656


Proper apparel Proper apparel NONO loose clothing, hair, or jewelry loose clothing, hair, or jewelry

Tag all damaged tools “Out of Service” or discard themTag all damaged tools “Out of Service” or discard them

Keep blades and knives sharpenedKeep blades and knives sharpened

5757

Electric Tools (cont.)Electric Tools (cont.)

5858

Electric Tools (cont.)Electric Tools (cont.)

Double-Insulated Marking

5959

Powered Abrasive WheelsPowered Abrasive Wheels

Flying fragmentsFlying fragments

Wear proper PPEWear proper PPE

Ring test – 1926.303(c)(7)Ring test – 1926.303(c)(7)

MountingMounting

Follow manufacturer’s instructionsFollow manufacturer’s instructions

6060

Abrasive Wheels (cont.)Abrasive Wheels (cont.)

Maximum RPM

6161

Abrasive Wheels (cont.)Abrasive Wheels (cont.)

180 deg

6262

Powder Actuated ToolsPowder Actuated Tools 1926.302(e)1926.302(e)

Meet ANSI A10.3 – 1970Meet ANSI A10.3 – 1970

PPEPPE

Eye ProtectionEye Protection

Head and face depending on conditionsHead and face depending on conditions

Proper training requiredProper training required

6363

Powder Actuated Tools (cont.)Powder Actuated Tools (cont.)

1926.302(e)1926.302(e)

Fasteners used in tool Fasteners used in tool specifically designed specifically designed for that toolfor that tool

Designed for the Designed for the material that is being material that is being driven intodriven into

Concrete

Concrete/wood

Wood

Specific size = Specific operation

6464

6565

Charges used in powder actuated tools

Right size charge with right size fastener

Powder Actuated Tools (cont.)Powder Actuated Tools (cont.)

Tools must be inspected before useTools must be inspected before use

Defective tools taken out of service immediatelyDefective tools taken out of service immediately

Tools not loaded until just before intended firingTools not loaded until just before intended firing

Loaded or empty tools are never to be pointed at anyoneLoaded or empty tools are never to be pointed at anyone

6666

Powder Actuated Tools (cont.)Powder Actuated Tools (cont.) 1926.302(e)(7) 1926.302(e)(7) Fasteners not driven into:Fasteners not driven into:

Very hard or brittle materialsVery hard or brittle materials

Cast ironCast iron

Glazed tileGlazed tile

Surface-hardened steelSurface-hardened steel

Glass blockGlass block

Live rockLive rock

Face brickFace brick

Hollow tileHollow tile

6767

Powder Actuated Tools (cont)Powder Actuated Tools (cont) Inspection:Inspection:

Make sure it’s cleanMake sure it’s clean

All parts must operate freelyAll parts must operate freely

The barrel is free from obstructionsThe barrel is free from obstructions

6868

Powder Actuated Tools (cont)Powder Actuated Tools (cont) FiringFiring

Keep hands clear of the barrelKeep hands clear of the barrel

5 pounds of force against working material5 pounds of force against working material

MisfiresMisfires Wait 30 secondsWait 30 seconds

Try firing againTry firing again

Wait another 30 sec.Wait another 30 sec.

Remove the cartridge Remove the cartridge

Place in waterPlace in water

6969

Powder Actuated Tools (cont)Powder Actuated Tools (cont) DefectsDefects

Tag “do not operate”Tag “do not operate”

Remove from serviceRemove from service

7070

“FATAL FACT”

Employee killed when struck in head by a nail fired from a powder actuated tool. Tool operator was attempting to anchor a plywood form

in preparation for pouring a concrete wall.

7171

“FATAL FACT”

Employees performing remodeling operations building a wall. Operator was attempting to anchor plywood to a 2”x 4” stud. The nail penetrated the stud and struck the victim. One worker killed

when struck by a nail from a powder-actuated tool.

7272

Pneumatic ToolsPneumatic Tools

Appropriate PPEAppropriate PPE

Eye ProtectionEye Protection

Hearing ProtectionHearing Protection

Other EmployeesOther Employees

7373

7474

HOSE CLAMPHOSE CLAMP

UNACCEPTABLEUNACCEPTABLE ACCEPTABLEACCEPTABLE

Pneumatic Tool Connections


REVIEWREVIEW 1. What must your employer provide in addition to the appropriate PPE?1. What must your employer provide in addition to the appropriate PPE? 2. What is the employee’s responsibility before using PPE?2. What is the employee’s responsibility before using PPE? 3. What is the greatest danger when wearing loose fitting clothing on the job?3. What is the greatest danger when wearing loose fitting clothing on the job? 4. How long should you shower if you come into contact with a dangerous chemical?4. How long should you shower if you come into contact with a dangerous chemical? 5. How much clearance should a hard hat webbing provide between your head and the top of 5. How much clearance should a hard hat webbing provide between your head and the top of

the shell? the shell? 6. Give the type of eye protection that protects from debris approaching from multiple angles?6. Give the type of eye protection that protects from debris approaching from multiple angles? 7. What units are used to measure noise?7. What units are used to measure noise? 8. In what areas should disposable ear plugs NOT be used?8. In what areas should disposable ear plugs NOT be used? 9. Before entering a confined space, the workers safety harness is attached to a 9. Before entering a confined space, the workers safety harness is attached to a

__________.__________. 10. What kind of respirator is worn in areas that contain little or no oxygen?10. What kind of respirator is worn in areas that contain little or no oxygen? 11. What is the first thing to do before using any tool?11. What is the first thing to do before using any tool? 12. Which of the “jaws” is the strongest on the 12. Which of the “jaws” is the strongest on the crescentcrescent wrench? wrench? 13. What is the name given to the wrench that 13. What is the name given to the wrench that ISIS meant to be struck with a hammer? meant to be struck with a hammer? 14. What do you call the condition of wear that refers to a badly worn striking surface?14. What do you call the condition of wear that refers to a badly worn striking surface? 15. When should you use a mallet in place of a hammer?15. When should you use a mallet in place of a hammer? 16. What is the difference between a regular knife and a safety knife?16. What is the difference between a regular knife and a safety knife? 17. What is the most important feature of an electrical power tool?17. What is the most important feature of an electrical power tool? 18. What is the greatest hazard with electrical tools?18. What is the greatest hazard with electrical tools? 19. State the purpose of a 19. State the purpose of a dead mandead man switch. switch. 20. When using compressed air for removing dirt, what should the maximum pressure be?20. When using compressed air for removing dirt, what should the maximum pressure be?

Personal Protective Equipment and Tool Safety

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