Personal Care & Hygiene

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Personal Care And Grooming: Relationship To Self-Esteem

DHSR Approved Curriculum-Unit 9 2

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Importance of personal care / grooming needs and meeting these needs.

List the daily hygienic needs of an individual.


Daily Hygiene Needs

• Bathing

• Skin care

• Oral hygiene

• Shaving

• Shampooing Hair

• Hair care

• Nail care

• Dressing

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Describe factors that affect a resident’s personal hygiene practices.

6

Factors That Affect Hygiene Practices

• Culture• Family Practices• Illness• Individual preferences

–Bath in morning & before going to bed

–Frequency of bathing, shaving–Shampooing hair daily or weekly

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Factors That Affect Hygiene Practices(continued)

• Economics–Unable to afford

deodorant, shampoo, etc.

–Unable to afford utilities

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Discuss how personal care can be used to promote self-esteem and well-being.

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Personal Care and Grooming:

• Follow the personal hygiene practices

• Do as much of daily care as possible

• Select your own clothing


Personal Care and Grooming: Role of the Nurse Aide

(continued)

• Promote independence and self esteem

• Encourage use of deodorant, perfume, aftershave lotion, and cosmetics

• Be patient and encouraging

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Define and discuss oral hygiene.

13

Oral Hygiene

• Definition: measures used to keep mouth and teeth clean and free of microorganisms

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Oral Hygiene(continued)

• Purpose–Prevent odors–Prevent infections–Prevent tooth decay and

loss of teeth–Prevent gum disease–Increase comfort–Enhance taste of food

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• Oral hygiene is neaded:–Before breakfast–After meals–At bedtime–Other times as

requested or necessary

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• Observations of concern:–Foul mouth odors–Bleeding–Loose or broken teeth or

dentures–Sores in or around mouth–Coated tongue–Complaints of pain

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List seven principles to practice when brushing teeth.

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Principles For Brushing Teeth

• Hold brush at 45 degree angle• Use circular motion to brush teeth• Brush well where teeth and gums

meet• Brush all surfaces• Brush upper teeth first• Brush gently• Offer diluted mouth wash

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Special Mouth Care Products

• Swabs• Toothettes:

–usually soaked in mouthwash or plain water

–hydrogen peroxide, salt water solution if specified on care plan

• Petroleum jelly for dry lips

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Discuss the care of dentures.

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Denture Care

• Handle carefully – expensive to replace

• Clean as often as natural teeth• Protect from loss or breakage• Store safely, when out of

mouth, in labeled container• Never use hot water, which can

warp dentures

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Denture Care(continued)

• Store dry, in water or in special solution

• For long term storage, put container holding dentures in bedside stand

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Demonstrate the procedure for oral hygiene.

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Demonstrate the procedure for providing mouth care.

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Demonstrate denture care.

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Discuss the care of the nails and feet.

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Nail Care

• Requires daily cleaning and trimming of fingernails and toenails as needed

• Maintain nails by keeping nails:–short–clean–free of rough edges

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List three purposes of nail and foot care.

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Nail Care(continued)

• Purpose–Prevent infection–Prevent injury–Prevent odors

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Identify factors to be considered for nail care.

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Nail Care: Factors To Consider

• Easier to trim and clean after soaking

• Nail clipper used to cut and trim nails

• Clip nails straight across

• Softened cuticle can be pushed back with orange stick

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Nail Care: Factors To Consider(continued)

• Use file or emery board to smooth rough edges

• Use care not to injure skin when clipping

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Identify factors to be considered for foot care.

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Factors To Consider In Foot Care

• Wash feet using warm water and mild soap

• Dry feet carefully, especially between the toes

• Apply lotion to tops and bottoms of feet only, not between the toes

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Factors To Consider In Foot Care(continued)

• Check feet daily for:–redness, warmth or constant pain–numbness or tingling–dry, cracked skin–swelling–blisters, cuts, scratches or other

sores–ingrown toenails, corns, calluses



• Do not use a heating pad on resident’s feet

• Keep footwear on; residents never go barefoot

• Change socks and shoes daily



• Foot injuries and infections can lead to gangrene and amputation, especially in diabetics

• Notify supervisor immediately of any unusual observations of the feet


9.8 Demonstrate cleaning and trimming a resident’s nails.


9.9 Demonstrate foot care.


9.10Discuss the nurse aide’s responsibility in assisting the resident with shaving.


Assisting Resident With Shaving

• Daily activity for men

• Promotes:

–Physical comfort

–Psychological well-being


9.10.1 Review the factors to consider when shaving a resident.


Assisting Resident With Shaving

• Factors to consider:

–Electric razor provides greatest safety

–Use own equipment or a disposable safety razor

–Soften beard and skin prior to shaving


Assisting Resident With Shaving(continued)

• Factors to consider (continued):

–Use care not to cut or irritate skin while shaving

–Shave in direction hair grows

–Do not use electric razors when oxygen in use


9.11 Demonstrate assisting the resident with shaving.


9.12 Describe ways to assist the resident with hair care.


Hair Care

• Hair care includes

–Daily brushing and combing

–Styling

–Shampooing


9.12.1 Review factors to consider for daily hair care.


Factors To Consider For Daily Hair Care

• Because hair style is personal preference, ask about style

• Make brushing and combing part of morning care



(continued)

• Protect resident’s clothing by placing towel around shoulders

• Cover pillow with towel for residents confined to bed



(continued)• Brushing hair:

–refreshes resident– improves morale–stimulates circulation–distributes natural oils evenly–removes lint and dust

• Handle hair gently when brushing or combing



(continued)

• Section hair and work on one area at a time

• Note appearance of scalp and hair

• Hair style should be age appropriate



(continued)

• Residents are encouraged to do as much as possible for themselves

• Comb and brush are cleaned after use

• Combs and brushes are never shared


9.12.2 Discuss considerations used when shampooing a resident’s hair.


Shampooing Considerations

• Frequency individualized

• Resident’s shampoo, conditioner and other hair care products are used

• Resident assisted to beauty shop if available


9.12.3 List the various methods for shampooing hair.


Shampooing Considerations(continued)

• Methods of shampooing:

–during shower

–at sink

–using stretcher

–in bed



• Eyes and ears protected• Hair dried as fast as

possible• Cold or drafty areas

eliminated• Female residents

assisted to curl or set hair



• Barbers or beauticians may be contacted by facility to care for hair of residents

• Care plan to be checked for any special instructions prior to shampooing


9.13 Demonstrate caring for the residents’ hair.


9.14 Demonstrate shampooing hair of resident who is in bed.


9.15 Identify the general principles of dressing and undressing a resident.


Dressing And Undressing

• Encourage resident to choose own clothing

• Dress daily own clothing and underwear

• Make sure clothes are in good repair


Dressing And Undressing(continued)

• Dress weak or affected side first

• Undress weak or affected side last

• Ensure clothing is appropriate for weather and environment



• Encourage resident to wear clothing that matches and is clean and neat

• Dress should be age appropriate

• Do not put clothing on backwards



• Be gentle

• Always be patient and provide time for residents to do as much as possible for themselves


9.16 Demonstrate the procedure for dressing and undressing the resident.


9.17 Identify the purposes of bathing a resident.


Bathing Resident

• Purpose of Bathing

–Removes perspiration, dirt and microorganisms

–Stimulates circulation

–Exercises body parts


Bathing Resident(continued)

• Purpose of Bathing (continued)

–Refreshes, relaxes and promotes physical comfort

–Removes odors–Allows for evaluation of

skin condition


9.17.1 Discuss the various methods of bathing a resident.


Bathing Resident

• Methods of Bathing

–Partial bath

–Complete bed bath

–Tub bath

–Shower


9.17.2 Identify guidelines for bathing a resident.


Guidelines for Bathing

• Receive instructions from supervisor regarding method of bathing and skin care products to use

• Provide privacy• Reduce drafts by

closing windows, drapes and doors


Guidelines for Bathing(continued)

• Use good body mechanics• Keep covered for warmth and privacy• Protect safety of resident:

–never leave unattended in bathtub or shower

–take precautions to prevent slips and falls

–have temperature no higher than 105°F for tub or shower


Guidelines for Bathing(continued)

• Rinse skin completely if not using no-rinse product

• Encourage to do as much as possible for self

• Pat skin dry• Observe condition of skin


9.17.3 Observe the condition of the skin and report any unusual observations.


Skin Observations While Bathing

• Color of skin, lips, nail beds and sclera of eyes

• Location and description of rashes

• Dry skin• Bruises or open areas on

skin


Skin Observations While Bathing(continued)

• Pale or reddened areas, especially over bony parts

• Drainage or bleeding from wounds or orifices

• Skin temperature• Complaints of pain or

discomfort


9.18 Demonstrate the procedure for giving a complete bed bath and partial bath.


9.19 Demonstrate the procedure for giving a tub bath or shower.


9.20 Discuss giving perineal care.


Perineal Care

• Used to clean genital and anal areas

–Prevents infection

–Prevents odors

–Promotes comfort


Perineal Care

• Rules of medical asepsis and Standard Precautions followed

–Work from cleanest to dirtiest area (front to back)

• urethral area – cleanest

• anal area – dirtiest


Perineal Care(continued)

• Delicate area that needs special care

–Use warm water

–Wash gently

–Rinse well

–Pat dry


9.21 Demonstrate giving perineal care.


9.22 Discuss giving a back rub.


Giving A Back Rub

• Purpose –Stimulate circulation –Prevent skin

breakdown –Soothing–Refreshing


Giving A Back Rub(continued)

• Use a combination of strokes–Long, smooth strokes – relaxing–Short, circular strokes – stimulating

• Use warmed lotion applied with palms of hands

• Rub 3 - 5 minutes


9.23 Demonstrate giving a back rub.

Personal Care & Hygiene

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