The Person- Centered Perspective Module A. What does it mean to be Person-centered.
Person in Environment Perspective
Transcript of Person in Environment Perspective
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PERSON-IN-ENVIRONMENT
PERSPECTIVE
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Focuses attention on contextual interactionover the lifespan.
Views individuals as products of an
environment that is very inclusive but alsounique.
Ones career development is thought to beinfluenced and constructed within severalenvironmental systems.
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Focuses on individual behavior rather than onthe behavior of groups of individuals that mayprovide a norm from which one judges their
own career development.Based on the framework of bioecological systemand constructivism.
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It is a study of the relationship between personand environment. It provides detailed analysis of
ongoing environmental influences over thelifespan.
The developing person is viewed as being thecenter of an embedded in several environmental
systems that interact with one another.
Bioecological System (Urie Bronfenbrenner)
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Five Environmental Systems:
Microsystem
MesosytemExosystem
Macrosystem
Chronosystem
Bioecological System (Urie Bronfenbrenner)
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Five Environmental Systems:
Microsystem-- the setting where an individuallives. It is the persons immediate relationships andactivities.
Mesosytem-- the set of interactions andrelationships among all the elements of
microsystem which affects the person.Exosystem-- Includes all the social settings thataffect the individual, even though he/she is not adirect member of this system.
Bioecological System (Urie Bronfenbrenner)
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Five Environmental Systems:
Macrosystem-- the larger society, which includes theattitudes/ideologies of the culture in which the
individual lives.Chronosystem-- the patterning of environmentalevents and transitions over the life course. Itincludes effects created by time or critical periods in
development and sociohistorical events.
Bioecological System (Urie Bronfenbrenner)
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Bioecological System (Urie Bronfenbrenner)
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Suggests that there is no fixed truth.
Individuals construct their own way of
organizing information and that truth of realityis a matter of perception.
Supports the belief that individuals definethemselves as they participate in events andrelationships in their environment.
Each individual develops personal constructswhich defines his/her meaning of the world.
Constructivism
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CONTEXTUALIST THEORY OF CAREER
DEVELOPMENT (Young, Valach, & Collin)
CAREER CONSTRUCTION THEORY
(Savickas)
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Posits that the only way to understandindividuals is in the context of their
environment as they experience it and makesense or meaning of the experience.
Career-related behaviors are goal directedresults of the individuals construction of the
context in which they function.Study of action is its major focus.
CONTEXTUALIST THEORY OF CAREER
DEVELOPMENT
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Action taken with regard to career is a goal-oriented series of behaviors that occur in a
stream of behavior that is guided simultaneouslyby individuals and the social context of whichthey are a part.
Action cognitively and socially directedeveryday experiences which reflects eachindividuals social and cultural world.
Three Perspectives: manifest behavior, internal
processes, and social meaning
CONTEXTUALIST THEORY OF CAREER
DEVELOPMENTAction Theory
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Action Systems: Joint and Individual
Joint Actions
career-related actions occur amongpeople. Each person influences the other and theirconclusions may direct some changes in eachparticipants behavior or cause them to modify their
thinking about the subject discussed.
CONTEXTUALIST THEORY OF CAREER
DEVELOPMENT
Action Theory
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Two terms of actions: Project and Career
Project
agreement of actions between two or morepeople.
Career used to construct connections amongactions and to evaluate plans, goals, emotions, and
internal conditions. It extends over a longer periodof time and subsequently involved more actions.
CONTEXTUALIST THEORY OF CAREER
DEVELOPMENT
Action Theory
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Levels of action organization: Elements, Functional
Steps, and GoalsElementsphysical and verbal behavior
Functional Stepshigher level actions
Goals
highest level of actions which usuallyrepresent the general intention of the individualsgroup.
CONTEXTUALIST THEORY OF CAREER
DEVELOPMENT
Action Theory
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Suggests that individuals construct their ownreality or truth.
Careers are to be viewed from a developmentalcontextual viewpoint that focuses on onesadaptation to an environment through thedevelopment of inner structures.
CAREER CONSTRUCTION THEORY
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Propositions:Developmental Contextualism
Development of Vocational Self-ConceptVocational Developmental Tasks
CAREER CONSTRUCTION THEORY
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DEVELOPMENTAL CONTEXTUALISMIncludes core roles developed through anindividuals life structure, preferences of liferoles, and an individuals career patterns.
Built from Bronfenbrenners bioecological model.To understand an individuals career choice andcommitment is to understand and appreciate theinner constructs that give meaning to thatindividuals life roles.
CAREER CONSTRUCTION THEORY
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DEVELOPMENT OF VOCATIONAL SELF-CONCEPTDevelopment of self-concept in childhood: collectionof percepts that is neither integrated nor particularlycoherent.
Development of self-concept in adolescence: moreunified and more coherent which permits theindividuals to form some abstract self-descriptions.
Development of self-concept in adulthood: moreorganized which forms self-perceptions that guideand control behavior.
CAREER CONSTRUCTION THEORY
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DEVELOPMENT OF VOCATIONAL SELF-CONCEPTDimensions of self-concept:
Vocational self-concept individuals perception ofher or his personal attributes that are considered
relevant to certain work roles.Self-concept dimensions assertiveness andgregariousness. It directs the content of alternativechoices.
Self-concept metadimensions consistency andstability. It directs the process of making a choice.
CAREER CONSTRUCTION THEORY