Persian and Pahlavi Words

In The Holy Qur'an

By: Prof. M. S. Tajar

1. *Zagh(see Zeegh)Zeegh = from the Pahlavi word zeegh/zigh/righ,meaning hatred, selfishness, distance from others, etc. In the Holy Qur'an this word has been repeated 9 times. For example in chapter 3 v. 7 and others (see Ameed Persian Dic.).

2. *Mish-kat = from Pahlavi word Mush-ku/Mush-kuy = Musk; It also refers to the “Palace of King/ Harem”; Place of Light or Lamp; In the Holy Qur'an, it has been used as “Light Container”. See Chapter 24 v. 25.

3. *Farash = Arabic for” moth” but it is close to Pahlavi “Farash-tu” (par = wing + ashto =bird) and parastu = sparrow, and considering that Arabic language does'nt have letter “P” of the Aryan languages , thus it turns Parsi into Farsi, this is very understandable. In the Holy Qur'an, it is mentioned in chapter 101 v. 4.

4. *Surah = From the Pahlavi word “suri” meaning red color, also the walls around the cities, castles, etc. for protection. Its also the name

of several Aryan tribes in central Asia, Afghanistan etc. In the Holy Qur'an its used as “chapter” (wall between two parts ) It has been mentioned 10 times in the Holy Qur'an. See chapter 2 v. 23.

5. *Marvah = from the Pahlavi word “Marva” means “Good Omen” ,“Good Prayers”, “Blessings” etc. (see A meed Persian Di c. and Per sian Names p. 264) In the Holy Qur'an see chapter 2 v. 158. (Names: The names Marwan and Mawarrid are related to Marvah in Pahlavi.)

6. *Bakka = old name of the Holy city of Makkah (see. “Persian Names” P. 74). Its origin is an old Pahlavi word from Bak/Bagh/Baghwan = Creator/God (see Persian Names p.73) So, Bakkah could mean “The House of God” , like the Bagh-stan = Bistoon in Kermanshah, Persia. In the Holy Qur’an, the name “Bakkah” has been mentioned in Chapter 3 v. 96. (Note: Its possible that the word Balbek in Lebanon and the Bekka valley are related to this Pahlavi word too.)

7. *Makkah = another name of the Holy city of “Bakkah”. It is originally a Pahlavi name (see Bakkah) see Persian names P. 74. In the Holy Qur’an its mentioned in Chapter 3 v. 96.

8. *Hasha = Ha + Asha = from the Pahlavi word “Asha” which means Truth/Holiness (see Parsi Names p. 47.) plus the definite article of “Ha” = The (which is still in use in Hebrew language, like Haaretz = The Earth. In Persian/Aryan languages it was used before , like in Ha + Mavaran/ Ha + Madan = The Medes City, Harrapa in India /Pakistan Harat in Afghanistan ,etc. So, Ha-Sha means “The Truth”(Tell the Truth) The Glory of Heavens/God, etc.

In the Holy Qur’an, it has been used as the expression of amazement by the Egyptian women, who saw Joseph’s good looks ; They shouted: Hasha Lillah!/by God! My God! He cannot be a mere man! (He is of Heaven) see Holy Qur’an, Chapter 12 v. 31;Also ref. To the Holy Qur'an Translation by Prof. Mir Ahmad Ali of Pakistan, Tafseer by H.I. Aqa Puya Yazdi in Karachi, and Transliteration by Prof. M.S. Tajar; Publisher: National Bookstore of the Philippines -2010- pp. 561-562.

9. *Tab =To Perish/Die/Have a fever, etc. from the Pahlavi word Tab = Fever .In the Holy Qur'an ,Chapter 111 v. 10 see “Tab-bat” below.

10. *Tab-bat = from the Pahlavi/Median word “Tabit” meaning “Fire Temple/Fire Place”. It is also related to the Persian Medicine(= of the Medes) as “Tab”, meaning Hot fever/fever in general. In this connection, it has been used in Arabic language also as “Perish/Evil befall on him”. In the Holy Qur'an the word Tab has been used twice, in both meanings: Fire/Perish, in Chapter 111 v. 1.

11. *Qabas = from the Pahlavi word Qabbas meaning Sun-light/The sun/The light/The fire/The flame. In the Holy Qur'an, it refers to Prophet Moses(A.S.) seeing “Bush fire”. It has been mentioned in the Holy Qur'an 3 times. See Chapter 27 v.7 etc.

12. *Tuwa = from the Pahlavi/Aryan word, literally means “twice”/two times blessed. See the English Translation of the Holy Qur'an, by Prof. Mir Ahmad Ali of Pakistan, Tafseer by H.I. Aqa Puya Yazdi in Karachi and Transliteration by Prof. M.S. Tajar, Publisher: National Bookstore of the Philippines -2010- p.695. It Has been mentioned in the Holy Qur’an, chapter 20 v. 12.

13. *Wadi = River/River bed/Valley. Its an Aryan/Pahlavi word which refers to “water” as in English and Avad/Abaad/Au/Eau/Aab/Abaad/Abaadan,in modern Persian. (Even Irra-Wadi in Burma comes from that Persian/Sanskrit origin). In the Holy Quran, its mentioned in Chapter 20 v.12.

14. *Tuba = from the Pahlavi word “Tuba” and “Tubag” meaning

“blessings, treasures, treasury, good things (both material and spiritual), real happiness, true joy and gladness”(see “Parsi Names” p. 458). In the Holy Qur’an also it has been used for this meaning. See Chapter 13 v. 29.

15. *Tud/Taud = from the Pahlavi word “Tud” meaning “Mountain”. See “Parsi Names” p.458. It has also been mentioned in the Zoroastrian Yasht,or the Holy Texts. In the Holy Qur’an, in Chapter 26 v.23, its “Kad-Taud El-Adhim” Like a tall mountain= Tud-ha-skae (see”The Persian Names”P. 458.

16. *Tur = It is definitely not Arabic. Its either Coptic/Pharaonic/ Egyptian or Hebrew. But it could also be Old Persian, because in Pahlavi Language “Tur” means

Defiant/Strong/Courageous/Champion etc.(The root word for the Irano-European term Turque/Turk)Its also the name of the Turkish people as well as the name of one of the three sons of the Legendary King Fereidun of Persia, whose story is very similar to Prophet Noah(A.S.) and His three sons.

The word Tur is also the title of the Chapter 52 of the Holy Qur’an. Interestingly enough, in this chapter, another Pahlavi word “Teen” meaning fig has been mentioned. See”The Ameed Persian Dic.” All in all, the word Tur has been mentioned in the Holy Qur’an 10 times. For example: Chapter 2 v.63.

17. *Toofan = Typhoon/The great wind, from the Persian word “Tufaan”(see Ameed Persian Dic.). In the Holy Qur’an it has been mentioned twice. See Chapter 7 v. 133.

18. *Taqwa = from “Taqwiat”=Power/Empowerment (not “fearing”

God as we are often told! Because, the God of Islam is “Most Compassionate, Most Merciful” not a blood thirsty Hindu god or Dracula, to be feared).

The word “Taqwa” is etymologically related to the Persian/Pahlavi word “Qavi/Kavi/Kaveh/Qobad/Kavoos,/Qaboos ,which literally means “Powerful/Sovereign/Ruler/King (see Persian Names” P. 220). In that sense, the word “Taqwa” means:Being in control of oneself “To hold the reign of our horses/, To be King over our desires/Self control (not the fear and trembling and weakness as the nuns and priest or Mullas teach.).

In the Holy Qur’an, the word “Taqwa” and its related words of the Pahlavi origin, have been mentioned some 258 times. See Chapter 2/198 etc.

19. *Kas/Kasaa(from the Old Pahlavi “Kasah”/Kaza/Kuza/Kaz. etc. see “Ameed Persian Dic.”) In the Holy Qur’an, it has been repeated six times. For example, in Chapter 56/18 etc.

20. *Abraham (of the Pahlavi origin, Abraham in Hebrew and Ibrahim in Arabic and possibly even “Brahma” in Sanskrit ) it literally means “ Father of Nation/s” see “ The Persian Names” P.2)

The name “Ibrahim “(=Abraham) has been mentioned in the Holy Qur’an many times.See Chapter 2/124, etc.

21. *Baraza( from the Pahlavi word “Borz” meaning

“Appearance/Look/ Figure/Body /) see “Ameed Persian Dic.”) In the Holy Qur’an, it has been mentioned 9 times;See Chapter 3/154, etc.

22. *Ajab/Ajaba(=from the old Pahlavi word “Ajab” meaning “wonder’’ /Marvel/Miraculous/ Amazing;See “ The Persian Names’’ P.12. In the Holy Qur’an , it has been repeated 27 times. See Chapter 18/9 and 63 etc.

23. *Dhank = from the Persian word “Tang” which means narrow/hard to go thru, like hardships in life/difficulties/financial problems/unhappiness, etc (See Ady Shir,s “The Persian Words in Arabic Language”/Beirut p.110. In the Holy Qur’an,it has been mentioned in Chapter Taha, v. 124.

24. *Abqari = from the Pahlavi word “Aab-Kaari” meaning Great / Extraordinary /Outstanding /Important. (see Ady Shir ‘s “The Persian Words in Arabic

Language,” Beirut, 1901 p.114) Prof. Emam Shushtari and Prof. Arthur Jefry also support Ady Shirs view. (See Arthur Jefrey “The Foreign Words in the Holy Qur’an “ p.311. The Pahlavi word “Aabqari” has been mentioned in Chapter 55 v. 76.of the Holy Qur,an. 25. *Efrit = from the Persian word “Afarid/Afarideh” meaning the

creature, but it is specifically used to mean the “Jinny” the powerful devil or spirit. (see Prof. Arthur Jefray “The Foreign Words” p. 316). In the Holy Qur’an it has been mentioned in Chapter Naml, verse 39.

26. *Ghamz/Ghamzah = from the Persian word which mean winking/giving signals with the eyes, making fun of something or somebody, evil thoughts or plans expressed with mischievous winking of the eyes (see Ady Shir “Persian Words in Arabic Language”, Beirut , 1901, P. 116 as well as Prof. Emam Shushtari “Persian Words in Arabic p. 481).

27. *Firdaus = Paradise, from the Pahlavi word “Para-dies” = Pary=Fairy + deis = home /country ( like Bangla-desh or the country of the Bengali People). In all other Aryan (Irani originated) languages, like Indian, Urdu, Panjabi, etc. as well as the European languages,like English, Spanish, Portugues, or Greek, Latin, etc. the

same Aryan word is used. In the Holy Qur’an, the word “Firdaus” the Arabized version of the Persian “Pari-Deis/Para-Deis has been mentioned twice. For example, in Chapter Al-Kahf (The Cave, another Aryan word) verse 107.

28. Alfafa = from the Pahlavi word “fafa” plus the Arabic Article “Al= The.The word “Fafa” in Persian means “Beautiful/Lush (Gardens)/Abundant/Pleasant to look at ,etc.(see “Ameed Persian Dictionary”- Tehran, Iran 2001). In the Holy Qur`an,the word “fafa” or better,”Alfafa” is mentioned in Chapter 78/16.

29. Al-fil =from the Persian word “Pil” meaning elephant, plus the usual Arabic article of “Al” in the beginning, meaning “The”. (This kind of Arabization of the Persian words, i.e. adding an Arabic article and owning the word as “Arabic” has been popular among the Arabs. Look at the following words “alfafa / alcazar / alembic / algorithm / alcohol / almanac / alkaline / alizarine / alchemist / albeit / alcove / almas / Alexander / elixir, and a hundred other Persian words, presented to the world as “Arabic” just because of that one article !Just like the word”Al-fil”).

Some researcher believe even the word “elephant” in English, Spanish and other European languages, is of the same Persian word “Pil” which is Arabized as “phil” plus the Arabic article “al/el”,as the case maybe.

In the Holy Qur’an, the Pahlavi word “pil or al-fil” is the title of the chapter 105 as well as the part of its first verse. (Ref. see Aady Shir “Persian Words in Arabic” Beirut/1901 p.201).Also Prof .Emam Shushtari “Persian Words in Arabic”p.501;And Prof. Arthur Jefrey “The Foreign Words in the Holy Qur’an” P.336,etc.). 30. *Qaswarah = from the Pahlavi word “Kashvara” meaning Great,

Huge, Powerful etc. (see “The Persian Names”/ India,1994 p. 273; As well as Ady Shir “Persian Words in Arabic”/ Beirut, 1901 p.126;Also the Dictionary of Al Burhan Al Qati etc. Prof. Emam Shushtari and Prof .Arthur Jeffrey also support this view).

In the Holy Qur,an the word Qaswarah has been mentioned in chapter 74 v. 51.

31. *Ka’s = the origin of the word “case” in all Irano-European languages , meaning “Bowl/Container/Fold/Cave, etc; It comes from the Pahlavi word “Kaz / Kaza / Kasa” (Spanish word for home and Casino, etc.) See” Amid Persian Dic .”the word “Kaz”.

In the Holy Qur’an, this Pahlavi word has been mentioned 6 times. For example chapter 37 v.45, etc. (Ref. Ady Shir “Persian Words in Arabic”, Beirut, 1901 p.131).

32. *Cafur = Camphor = Persian Camomil, from the Pahlavi Origin. It’s also used in almost all Irano-European languages, from the same Persian Origin. In Arabic also its used as Al-Kafur/Kafur (Ref, Al-Suyuti/Al-Jalifi in Al-Itqan Dictionary, vol. 2 p.138/ Also Ady Shir, in “PersianWords in Arabic”, Beirut,1901, p.136 etc.)

The Pahlavi word Kafur has been mentioned in the Holy Qur’an ,too. For example Chapter Al-Insan v. 5.

33. *Gharf/Gharfa(To ladle/To dip up/To drink water in palm of the hand) probably related to the Pahlavi word “Ar-ghaf/Ar-ghab” meanin “water stream”. (See “The Persian Names” p.446/Also “Amid Persian Dic.”) “Ar-Ghab”, Gharfa and its related words are used in the Holy Qur'an twice; See Chapter 2 v.249.

34. *Kaukaba/Kaubab = from the Pahlavi word “ Kau-kava” meaning the star (See “The Persian Names”p.219) It's also a flower in Persian language,as well as “Head of Tribe/Chief/Chieftain. In that case ,it relates to the Pahlavi words of “Kaveh / Kaviani / Kia / Kiani / Kavi” etc. which all refer to“King”/Royal/Ruler/Monach etc. (See “Persian Names”pp.219,220 etc./Amid Persian Dic.’Kaukab).

In the holy Qur'an the words “Kaukab” and its Derivating have been used 5 Times. for example: chapter 6/76 and chapter 12/4 etc.

35. *Jinn/Jinni/Geni = from the Persian word “Gin / Jin” (see “The Persian Names”,India p.146. In the Holy Qur'an the word Jinn and “Marjoon”, someone posessed by “Jinns”, has been mentioned 50 times. For example Chapter 6/100, etc.

36. *Mikain = The Pahlavi pronunciation of Mikail in Hebrew and Arabic and other Semetic languages. But considering that the Persian Empire, the first Empire in the world, consisted of 27 different nationalities stretching from India up to Lydia, Greece, Babylonia, Assyria, Egypt, Palestine(Israel), Phynicia(Lebanon), Arabia, up to Ethiopia etc. such kind of common words are very possible. More research is needed.

The word Mikain of Pahlav and Mikail of Hebrew has been mentioned in the Holy Qur'an as “Mikaal” see Chapter 2/98.

37. *Zukhruf = from the old Palavi words “Zakh / Zakh-war / Zakh-Wari / Zaksh” all refering to Golden Adornment / Decoration / Pompousness / vain glory / sweet talks / charlatanism etc. See “Persian Names” p.506.

In the Holy Qur'an, the word “Zukhruf” has been mentioned five times including the titlee of the chapter 43 Az-Zukhrrref. Also look at the chapter 6/112 etc.

38. *Qurban = Animal Sacrifice, it was adapted in arabic and Hebrew as well. It's originated from the Old Pahlavi word “Kor-yan” meaning “Animal Sacrifice” see “Amid Persian Dic.”.

In the Holy Qur'an the word “Qurban” has been mentioned three times. For example 5/27 etc.

39. *Mokibb = from”Kabb” or kapp in Pahlavi, meaning aace down on earth, as animals do when they are eating or picking something from the ground, or when they are humbling themeselves before the pack, etc.

In the Holy Qur'an it has been mentioned in chapter 68/22.

40. *Kiswat/Kasaa = from the Pahlavi word “Kaaz / Kaaza / Kasa / Kas” from which the Aryan (Irano-European) word “case / casa” is derived. It means “Place / Space / Covering / Incasing / Casing / Something that holds another object / container / a House / Pen / Sheep-Cote/ etc.”

It was later used for human clothing like “cloak”; in fact the word “Cassock” in European languages comes from the same Pahlavi word “Kasa = kaza” too. If add the words “Kasa” as”Cloth” in “Kiswat” plus the word “Ka's” as in “Bowl” or “Container” (see “Ka's”) then this Pahalavi word and it's derivatives in Arabic language have been mentioned 11 tomes in the Holy Qur'an. For example “Kswat” in 5/89 and Ka's in chapter 56/18, etc.

41. *Jahannam = Gehenna in Eng;ish. The Jewish and the Christians believe that this word is made of two parts “Gey” meaning “Valley” and Hinnom which is the name of the valley near Jerusalem, where always arbage and wood was on fire and burning (see Webster English Dictionary under Gehenna).

But, we believe that such common words among religions like Judaism, Christianity and Islam go back thousand years ago, and their origins must be looked at , in such religioons as “Mithraism” other

Aryan religions like Zoroastrian, which have influenced all other religions after them including Judaism, Christianity and Islam.

We believe the word Genna or Jahannam, in Arabic and in the Holy Qur'an is mad up of two separate words in Pahlavi language which are combined. One is the Pahlavi word “Jeh” which means “Harlot” Prostitute and a bad woman, and the other is “Hinnom” which is the kiln, th fire place, and the fire center in the fire temple of the Zoroastrians of Persia.

The word “Jahannam” = Gehenna in Eng;ish and it's Synonym “Jahim” are mentioned in 104 places in the Holy Qur'an. For example Chapter 2/206 as well as 2/119. etc.

42. *Jahim = Synonym for Jahannam or Gehenna. See “Jahannam”

43. *Kawa-eb = Plural of “Ka-eb” meaning “Cube / Cubic / Cubicle” is an Aryan word, meaning Irano-Europen, i.e. Greek, Latin, English etc.

In the Holy Qur'an the word “Kawa-eb” is used to describe the well shaped “Breast of the Virgins” in Heaven. For example chapter 78/34. With regards the meaning of Kawa-eb (Well developed breast) see “Arabic-English Dictionary” by Hans Wehr / Spoken Language Services , New York – 1976 – p. 831

44. *Kam = How many, How much in Arabic, probably related to “Kam” in Persian which means also “Little Quantity”).

It has been mentioned many times in the Holy Qur'an. For example in Chapter 17/17 etc.

45. *Kanud = In Arabic it means “Ungrateful / Ingrate” but it is very possible that it has etymological connection with Pahlavi word “Kin / Kina” meaning “Bad feeling inside / Hatred”. In that sense it has also be mentioned in the Holy Qur'an. For example Chapter 100/6.

46. *Takwir = from “Kaur” or “Khor” means “To roll / Roll up / coil into a ball”. See Hans Wehr's “Arabic-English Dic.” New York, 1976 p.845.

It also to the Persian “Khor” or the rollin sun, which is oe of the ancient Aryan Symbols, represented by the “Swastika” in Sanskrit (See Webster “Swastika” , Also The BBC-World/Fastrack Nov. 15, 2005).

In the Holy Qur'an it refers to the rolling sun / or the explosion of

the sun at the end of this world , wit many of its pics rolling around it (Like Swastika Symbol).

With this concept has been mentioned in the Holy Qur'an, Chapter 81/1. For details about “Khor”, see “The Persian Names” p.229.

47. *Autad = from the Aryan / Sanskrit / Persian / “Avatar” meaning Spiritual Giants / High Angels / Principalities etc. In Islamic terminology and Sufi Islam it refers to “Aulia” or Great Mystics (who like “Nails” = the original meaning of Watad and plural “Autad” are strong in faith and they protect and support others from flying away, too! See “Amid Persian Dic”. “Autad”

In th Holy Qur'an the word “Autad” = Avatar of the Aryans has been mentioned in chapter 89/11. 48. *Baraka (pl. Barakat, like Barak Obama) = from the Pahlavi word

“Barka/Varka” meaing “Blessings”, Wealth, Property, Possessions etc. (See “The Persian Names” p.474).

Now, considering that even “Borak / Buraq”, the heavenly horse by which the Hly Prophet Mohammad P.B.U.H. Visited the Heaven, is actually a Persian name, not Arabic! (see “Webster Dictionary” - “Borak / Buraq”) than it is more understandable to accept that “Baraka / Barakat” has also a Pahlaivi origin.

The word “Baraka” and its derivation have been mentioned in the Holy Qur'an 32 times. For example in Chapter 7/96 etc.

49. *Laghiah (from the old Pahlavi, meaning “vanity” vane, none sense, useless talks, wrong, etc. In the holy Qur-an it has been mentioned in chapter 88/11.

Its origin comes from the word “lagh” in Persian, means, “playing”” joke, , funny, etc. (see Amid PP Dictionary- “Lagh/laghiah”)

Laghw/Lagh-wan (from the Persian root word “lagh/laghia” meaning “none sense/useless talks/not serious or worth listening /wrong.

It I possible that it comes from another Persian word “lugh” meaning “shaky/not on a good foundation”r the third meaning which is “barren land” land without any produce. (see Amid Persian Dictionary).

In the Holy Qur-an, the term “laghw” and also “Laghiah” has been mentioned 10 times. For example in chapter 56/25 etc.

50. *Marra = (from the Irano-european/Aryan word of “mar” meaning

“to pass”, “to walk”, or “to go”, etc.) The Indian movement of “Ananda Mar-ga” as well as the famous Ind “Shah-li Mar” meaning “the strolling way/garden of the Shah or the king, etc. Give a hint to the Aryan origin of the words “Mar” in Arabic, Other Arabic derivatives of this word are “marra” (Passed”) morur= passing, Estemrar (=continuity of doing the same thing or passing the same way, etc.)

The word “Marra” meaning “pass”, repeat, way, etc and its other derivatives in Arabic, are mentioned 34 times in the holy Qur-an. For example in Chapter 2/259, etc.

51. *Marjan= Corals and also a kind of pearl (like the world renowned “Pearl Persian Gulf”) It is also another Persian word in Arabic Language (see “Eisa Al-aakub” the Arab scholar in “Influence of Persian Literature in Arabic Language” p. 95)

The Persian word “Marjan” has been mentioned in the Holy Qur-an twice, for example in Chapter 55/22 and 58.

52. *Tanawosh = And its other Arabic derivatives like “Naush / Nausha / Munawasha etc. are originally connected with the Persian word “Nawizha” which mean “Discord / Skirmish / Argument” etc.

The word “Tanawosh” has be mentioned in the Holy Qur'an Chapter 34/52.

53. *Khair = From the Aryan word “Heer” meaning “Good Blessings”, it also means “Fire” which was worshiped as blessing by the early Persians, it also means humility, obedience etc. See “The Persian Names” p.169 as well as “Amids Persian Dic.” Under “Heer / Heery” etc.

This word of Aryan origin has been used in Arabic language and also in the Holy Qur'an some 176 times. For example in Chapter 33/25 etc.

54. *Wabal = I Arabic it refers to “calamities / harm / destructions / typhoons” etc. But it's also etymologically related to the Ayryan(Irano-European) words “Aablah” (Chicken Pox) and “Ababil” (The Birds who brought boils). See Holy Qur'an 105/3.

The English word Boil is related to the Persian Words mentioned above i.e. Aablah / Ababil.

In the Holy Qur'an the word “wabal” and it's derivatives have been mentioned 8 times, including in chapter 59/15.

Also the word “Ababil” (The boil making birds/stones) have been mentioned in chapter 105 (Al-Fil, which incidentally comes from another Persian word “Pil” which is the origin of “Elephant” in English, too) verse 3.

55. *Marjan = (from moden Persian “Morwarid”, from the old Parthian “Margarit” meaning “coral”. In the Holy Qur'an the Marjan has been mentioned twice. See chapter 55/22 and 58. (Ref. Arab Scholar Eisa al-Nakub “Persian Influences in Arabic Literature” 1999 p.45.

56. *Sard/zard = from the Persian word “zereh” = coat of mail = metal coat for military use. In the Hly Qur'an the word sard has been mentioned in chapter 34/11. (Ref. Dr. Mahmood Dahaqi “Persian Words” 2002-p.280)

57. *Fauj(pl. Afwaja) = From th Pahlavi word “Fauj” meaning “Battalion / Troops / Group” (This is Probably related to the Irano – European woeds like pouch in English and Putsch in German). It is just like the other Persian word in Arabic and the Holy Qur'an i.e. “Jud / Junud” from the Persian word “Gond” = soldier / army like the old city of Jondi Sapur = Gondi Shapur = Military Camp of Emperor Shapur of Persia 250 A.D. (Ref. Maneka Chondi “Persian Names” India, 1994-p.128).

The word “Fauj” and “Afwaja” have been mentioned in the 5 verses of the Holy Qur'an. For example: Chapter 68/8. also 78/18 and 110/2 etc.

58. *Shehab = (From the Pahlavi word Shah = King + Aab = Water meaning “Kings Water / Color” = Red Color. Ref. “Peersian Names” p.404) It refers to the heavenly bodies, meteorites, etc.

In the Holy Qur'an the word Shehab and It's Derivatives have been mentioned six times. For example, Chapter 15/18 etc. 59. *Qabas = firebrand, live coal, amber probably from the Persian /

Pahlavi “Kabisha/Qabisha” meaning “Safron Flower” (See “Persian Names” p.211) considering the Persian history of respecting fire and fire temples it is very possible to have such terms.

The word Qabas and it's derivatives , have been mentioned in the Holy Qur'an three times. For example 27/7, etc.

60. *Hanif = Straight, on the right path etc. Some scholars believe it to be of Syrial Origin of “Hanapeh” (See the Scotish scholar, Mr. Richard Bell “Tarjoman Wahy Mag.” Tehran, 2005 / p.103)

But considering some historic-cultural-geographical facts, makes it possible to include this Syrian word among the List of Iranian languages.

In the Ancient times, Medes conquered Assyria and made it the part the Persian Empire, For Hundreds of years the Syrian language and the Aramaic Alphabet were on of the languages and alphabets of the “One Hundred Nationalities” of the Persian Empire; And last, but not the list the article “Ha” in the beginning of “Hanif” or Hanape” is the Common Article “The” in Hebrew, Syrian and Pahlavi Languages.

Therefore, it would not be farfetched to consider Hanif / Haape has ben mentioned in the Holy Qur'an 12 times. For example: Chapter 2/135, etc.

61. *Qirtas = Chartes = Kaghaz meaning paper in Persian. According to webster it is from Greek “Chartes”, but definitely it is not Arabic. If it were Irano-European or Aryan or Greek, it is still Iranian (Aryan) in origin.

The word Qirtas and it's plural Qaratis hass been mentioned twice in the Holy Qur'an. For example : chapter 6 etc.62. *Qarya/Qura = village, hamlet from the Pahlavi word “Khora /

Kora / Kurah” (See “Amid's Persian Dic.”) In the Holy Qur'an this word and its derivatives have been mentioned 56 times. For example in Chapter 7/4 etc.

63. *Qissisin = Plural of “Qissis” from the Persian word “Kishish” meaning priest (Another Persian Word from “Pristi” the religious man in charge of the Zoroastrian Fire Temple).

In the holy Qur'an the Pahlavi word Qississin (in plural form) has been mention in chapter 5/82.

64. *Qsr / Qosur(pl.) = “castle / palace” come from the Persian wod “Kasra” (the Origin of Kasser / Caesar / Tsar and Tsarin in Europe) the title of the Emperors of Persia also known as “Khosrow”.

When the Muslim forces, lead by the Persian generals like Tariq bin Ziad of Hamedan (Iran) and Musa Bi Nusair of Khuran (Saracin / Khorasani = Persian) conquered spain, the word Qasar or as Arabss Pronounced it Al-Casar (Castle / Castila in Spanish) entered the Spanish language, and from there into other European languages.

Regarding Tariq Bi Ziad, whose name has been immortalized on the Rock of Gibraltar = Jabal at-Tariq or mountain of Tariq in Spain, see the word Saraceen = Khorasannis or Persians, in History Books.

In the Holy Qur'an the word Qas'r and it's Arabic Plural Qosur has been mntiond three times. For example Chapter 22/45 etc.

65. *Qitr = Molten, the metals which ares in liquid form. Probably it is of Pahlavi origin , considerig that the Aryans of Persia were the discoverers of metals in the world.

In the Holy Qur'an the word “Qitr” has been mentioned in two places; for example: Chapter 18/96.

66. *Warak = probably from the Persian word “Varak” , which means Bush / Shrub” from which “paper / papyrus” are made. I Arabic means, leaf of a tree or a leaf of a book.

It has been mentioned 4 times in the Holy Qur'an. For Example In Chapter 7/22 etc.

67. *Wizr/Wazir = Minister, Assistant, Helper, probably from the Persian word “vozorg / bozorg” meaning “Grand old Man” Vizier / Adviser of the king etc. like “Bozorg-Mehr” the legenday minister of Empeor Anush – Ravan The Just, of the Sassanid Dynasty of Persia (531 – 578 A.D.).

The word “Wizr / Wazir” and its derivatives are mentioned 27 times in The Holy Qur'an. For example Chapter 6/164 and Chapter 20/29 etc.

68. *Wazn = Weight, from the Pahlavi word “Mazna” meaning “Scales” Weighing Instrument, balance. By Conjugating this Pahlavi word, dozens of Arabic word have been created (See Arabic Dictionaries under “Wazn” “Mizan” etc.)

In the Holy Qur'an the word “Wazn” and Mizan (Persian = Mazna) and their derivatives have been mentioned 23 times. For example in Chapter 7/8 as well as in Chapter 6/152, etc.

For the Pahlavi origins of these words, “Amid Persian Dictionary” the Word “Mazna” as well as “The Parsi Names”, India – p. 276,etc.

Prof. A. Pagliaro of Italy “Cielo” (=Falak) “studi Orient” Rome, 1456/vol. 11/pp. 252-278.

69. *Falak=skies/ heaven/sphere/Firmament/place of stars from the

Persian word “Falak” See Prof. A. Pagliaro of Italy in “Cielo” (=falak) “Studi Orient” Rome 1956/vol.11/pp. 252-278)

In the Holy Qur-an the word Falak has been used twice. See Chapter 36/40.

70. *Rood/Raud (In Arabic it means “walking to” “prowling” moving about, looking for, searching for. It also means being “tempted towards (like the opposite sex) etc.

The Author believes that this word has etymological connection with the Pahlavi word “road” (=river”) as well as the Aryan word “road”/rout etc.

All in all in the in the Holy Qur-an this word and its derivatives have been used in 98 verses. (see Chapter 12/51 also Chapter 86/17 as well as chapter 2/26 etc.

71. *Eradah/Aradah= (from the old Pahlavi “Rood”=river and “road” in indo-european language, “way” “going to” “intention” etc. (see “rooa/roud)

In the holy Qur'an this word and its derivatives have been repeated so many times. For example: Chapter 2/26 etc.

72. *Zamharir= from the Pahlavi word “zam” meaning extreme cold (like “zemestan”=winter) see late Ady Shir” The Persian words in the Holy Qur'an/Beirent, 1901-p. 79.

Aside from Zemestan, other Pahlavi words related to “zam” are towns like Shemiran, Semiran, Semirom tec. (see “Al-burhan Al Qati” p. 320).

In the Holy Qur'an, it is mentioned in Chapter “Al-dohr/Al-insan” verse 13.

73. *Zur = (from the Pahlavi word “zur” meaning power/strength/rule/authority. But in Arabic it's used more for the abuse of power/bullying/oppression/false claims/false witness, etc. (see “Persian words in Arabic” by Mr. Adi Shir/Beirut, 1901-p. 165 j Also Prof. Arthur Jefrey” “foreign words in the holy Qur'an p. 24).

In the Holy Qur'an, the Pahlavi word “zur” has been used 4 times. For example Chapter “Hajj” cerse 30, etc.

74. *Sejjil = (from two Persian words “sang=stone + gel=gel/mud” meaning molten lava/metal/stone etc. “(see Arthur Jefrey” foreign words” p. 252; also “al-motawak-kili” by the Egyptian Scholar Abdul Rahman Al-suyutti- p. 7, as well as “al-mo-ar-arb” p. 181, etc).

In the Holy Qur'an, the Persian word “sejjil” has been used 3 times. For example: Chapter “hud”, verse 83, etc).

75. *Sarab = (from two Persian words “sar=head, start, beginning+ Aab=an Aryan term for water, lik ”Panj-ab” in Indian and Pakistan and “Eau” as in Eau De Cologne in European Languages or “Loo” in French and English.

It literally means “spring/water hole/water shed, etc. or “what looks like water in the hot desert” or mirage.

In the HolyQur'an the Persian word “sarab” has been used twice. For example: chapter “nur” verse 39.

(Ref. See “Ady Shir” Persian words in Arabic/Beirut/1901 p. 88. As well as M.A. Emam Shushtari “Dictionary of Persian words in Arabic” -p. 355, etc).

76. *Sarabil = (Plural of “Sarbal” an Arabized pronunciation of the Persian word Shalwar”= Pajama, which is another Persian word in European languages).

(See Late “Ady Shir” Persian words in Arabic-p. 88 as well as Prof. Arthur Jefrey “Foreign words” p. 256, etc.

77. *Sejaj (=from the persian word “cheragh” lamp/light.) See “Ady Shir” Persian words in Arabic” p. 89; Also Prof. Arthur Jefrey “foreign words” p. 254, etc.

In the Holy Qur'an, The arabized Persian word Seraj “Cheragh” has been used 4 times. For example Chapter “Forqan”, verse 61 etc.

78. *Soradeq = (from the Persian word “Sar-dar/Sar-daar” meaning “curtain before the entrance of a hall, tent, etc.”) see Abdul Rahman As-suyutti of Egypt-Al-Motawak-kili” p 7j also”Al-Mohad-dab” p. 71; Al-Itqan” p. vol. 2/134 and Prof. Arthur Jefrey “foreign words” p.225, etc.)

In the Holy Qur'an the persian word “sordeq” in chapter “kahf” verse 29.

79. *Sard (=armor/mail/chain mail,)from the persian word “zard/zariah/zerah”. In arabic,meaning the

“armor or chainmail” maker (=Black Smith of armor) come the same Persian origin.

The Persian word “Sard” has been used in the holy Qur'an, chapter “saba”, verse 11.

Ref. Prof. Arthur Jefrey “The Foreign Words “P.257)

80. *Sarmad =(from two Persian words: “Sar” meaning “head/beginning/ start “plus the Aryan word “Mat” =none/no or “time without beginning or end. Still in Sankrit, Hindi, Urdu and Panjabi the two persian words “Sar” and “Mat/ Mad” are in use, today).

Ref. Late Ady shir “The Persian words in Arabic “beirut/19.1 -P.90; also.Prof. Emam Shushtari “The Persian words in the holy qur'an, the persian word “sarmad” has been mentioned twice. For example in chapter “Qasas”, verse 7.

81. *Sundus = from the Pahlavi word “Sundus” meaning pure silk/special silk with embroidery or Zar-duzi, as the Indians/Pakistanis/Bengalis/Kishmiri, etc. use this same Persian work of art, with the same Persian name (=zar-gol+duzi=to sew/stitching/embroidery)

See Prof. Emam Shustari “Persian words in the Holy Qur'an” p. 376; also Prof. Arthur Jefrey” The Foreign words” p. 270, etc.

In the holy Qur'an, the Persian word Sundus (=silk cloth) has

been mentioned 3 times. For example Chapter 17/31.

82. *Shay = (from the Pahlavi word “chee” cheez=things, beings))) This word also exists in other Aryan languages like “Qui” in Italian, “Que” in Spanish, “Coi” in the French, “Kia” in Sanskrit, Hindi, Urdu and even in Chinese “Chi/ki”. All meanings are the same “being/what is it?” etc.

(Ref. Late Ady Shir” Persian words in the Holy Qur'an”, Beirut 1901/p. 105).

The Persian word “shee/chee and its derivatives, have been mentioned 200 times in different verses of the Holy Qur'an. For example Chpater 2/20 etc.

83. *Salib (=cross-from the Persian word “chalipa”) This Persian word and its derivatives have been mentioned in the Holy Qur'an 6 times. For example Chapter 4/157 etc.

(Ref Ady Shir “Persian words in Arabic” Beirut, 1901-p.435, Also Prof Arthur Jefrey and “The Foreign words” p. 293, etc).

84. *Ssehr (=son-in-law) from the Persian word “Shawhar” (=Husband of ones Daughter) see Late Ady Shir “Persian words in Arabic” Beirut 1901-p. 109- ;also Prof. Emam Shush-Tari “The Persian words in Arabic” p. 440.

In the Holy Qur'an the word “Ssehr” (=Shawhar) has been mentione once in the Holy Qur'an. For example: Chapter “Furqan” verse, 54.

85. *Maay/Maa = from the Pahlavi word “Mayah” = matter / th oiginal element of the world. Even the name “Euru-miyya” in Iran, means “The City of water” or “Sea City”.

“We created everything from Maa'a!” (Holy Qur'an 21:30) In the ancient Persia the word “Mayi” was used to mean “Wine” or “Sharaab” which comes from another Persian word “Zar-aab” = Golden Water. See “The Persian Names”, India – p.268 The word “Maa'a” has been mentioned 63 times in the Holy Qur'an. For example Chapter 2/22, etc.

(Note : Even the word “Matter” in other Irano-European

languages like English, Latin, Greek etc. is etymologically related to the Pahlavi “Maayah” meaning Matter.)

86. *Mazij/Mazaaj = Mix / Mixage / Mixture, from the Pahlavi word “Mazig”. See “Amid's Persian Dictionary” and others.

It originally means Nectar, “Honey” or Madhu in Sanskrit and other Irano – European languages or any mixture of several things.

The word “Mazzij” in the form of Mazaaj = Mixage has been mentioned three times in the Holy Qur'an. For example in Chapter 76/5 and 7 etc.

87. *Makkah /Mecca (Another Pronunciation for “Bakkah” the old name of Makkah,) comes from the old pahlavi word “Bak” meaning The creator/God something like “Baghwan” that the Indians still say or “Bagh-Dad” the old name of Baghdad, the capital of Iraq that comes from the Persian word “Bagh” meaning God and “Dad” from Aryan word “Data/Da/Dare” meaning

“Giving” Or God given city/ Diosdado. Even in Slavic languges like Russian,Polish etc. God is “Bogh”(See “The Persian names”/India/1994-P.73)In Turkish and Mongolian it is “beig/Baik”.So,Bakka/Makka/Mecca, literally means “The City of God/ the place of God/ Baitullah; something like “Baalbak” in Lebanon,from the two words of “Ba-al”the semetic sun-God,like the Aryan Mithra,as mentioned in the Bible (2 kings,ii) as well in the Qur'an (Chapter 37/125)plus the Pahlavi word “Bak”meaning “The Creator/God”,so Baalbak means the place of Baal,Gods City,house,etc. (see “The Persian Names”P.75)

88. *Wasm (=marking an animal/branding, etc.) From the Pahlavi word “Basmah”, meaning to stamp/print/mark” (see “The Persian Names' p. 83).

Its also the root word/stem for “sam” the name of the Grandfather of Rustan, the Legandary Persian Warrior in Shahnamah; also “Sam” one of the three sons of Prophet Noah (whose story is very similar to the King Feraidun of Ancient Persia, and his three sons, namely “Sam/Tur/Iraj).

The same Pahlavi word “vasmah/Basmah” is also the root word for “Esm” in Arabic, meaning “name” of a “person”, as “marking” an animal is “to recognize is easily”.

The word “wasm” (=vasma) in the form of “Sa-nasema-hu” has been mentioned in the Holy Qur'an, Chapter 67/16

In the form of “Esm” (=name/mark) it has been mentioned 184 times in the holy Qur'an (see the “Bismillah” in the beginning of the all chapters of the Qur'an, except Chapter 9 or Taubah).

Sa-nasema-hu. In Chapter 68/16 of the Holy Qur'an (see “Wasm”).

89. *Walad = (meaning “child”, from the Pahlavi word “Yal” which means “birth”, It also means “Hero/warrior”, etc.) See “The Persian Names” p. 494.

Fom here comes the Famous Persian Festival of “Yal-da” which is the longest night of the year, and it is the end of Autumn and the “Birth” of winter or an “Aryan God”.

The word “Walad” and its derivatives, have been mentiones 103 times in the Holy Qur'an. For Example Chapter 37/152, etc.

90. *Ilah = (the root word for “Allah”/Aaliha/Allahumma, etc.) from the Pahlavi word “Yalah” meaning: “to lose one's head, to be madly in Love (with god, in this sense) passionate love, amorous rapture. It refers to the Sufis, Mystics, Yogis, Dervishes etc. Who “lose” themselves in the “Beloved”.

The Object of that love/craziness/masti is called “Ilah” or “Ilai” while the lover is “Valah”/”Yalah”=detatched/no attachment whatsoever/free from everything that binds.

This word is found in the Holy scriptures of the “Ahlul Kitab”. People of the Book, The jews, Christians and Muslims. (Remember Jesus calling “Ilay, Ilay, Lama Sabac-Tani/My God! My God! Why Thau has forsaken me!).

Allah is a combination of “Ilah” plus the Article “Al” in Arabic (=Al-Ilah=Allah= The God [of the Universe] etc.).

The word Ilah/Aaliha/Allah/Allahumma(Probably from Hebrew

“Elohim”) has been mentioned 2,650 times in the Holy Qur'an. For Instance “Bismillah”... In the beginning of every chapter of Holy Qur'an except Chapter 9 or Taubah).

91. *Yaa/ya = (calling a Person's attention) from the Pahlavi word “Aya” or “Ay” (see “Amid Persian Dictionary”). In the other Aryan (Irano-European) languages like in English, It's “Hey/Hei” (See “webster”), which proves that this could not have been “exclusively” Arabic, as we were taught in Religious schools for centuries.

The word “Ya” (= “O”) which sometimes has also been turned into “Ala” ain Arabic (Both from the words “Aya/ay” in Pahlavi) are mentioned in any parts of the Holy Qur'an. For example in Chapter 10/104, etc.

* * *

مجید قران در فارسی کلمات) المجید) القران فی الفارسیة الکلمات

مهدی دکتر همکاری با ؛ تجر محمود پروفسور تحقیقخادمةالرسول

 

Persian Words in the Holy Qur’an

Researcher: Prof. Mahmood TajarTranslated by: Dr. Mahdi T. Khadematolrasoul 

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نشریات – شرکت آمریکا ,15سوره( – Amanah publishing house, USAچاپ74آیه

5.       – ) سوره = ) خشکی جانور بزرگترین پیل 105فیل

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نوشته اردو، پاکستانی زبان دانشمند مودودی /ابواالعلی الهور هفتم، چاپ ، . .(889ص- 1989پاکستان " مثال " است آمده بار سه مجید قرآن در برزخ کلمۀ»

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هند چاپ پارسی نامهای به (1997رجوع

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