Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October...

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Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calgary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC

Transcript of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October...

Page 1: Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calggyary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC PseudomyxomaPeritonei(PMP / DPAM

Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and 

CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calgary, 9, g yCarman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC 

Page 2: Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calggyary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC PseudomyxomaPeritonei(PMP / DPAM

Pseudomyxoma Peritonei (PMP / DPAM ) Pseudomyxoma Peritonei (PMP / DPAM )vs

Peritoneal Carcinomatosis (PMCA)( )

Principles of Surgery Cytoreduction Intraoperative, hyperthermic intraperitoneal

h hchemotherapy

Current Evidence / PracticeCurrent Evidence / Practice

Page 3: Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calggyary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC PseudomyxomaPeritonei(PMP / DPAM

Historical Background 1842 ‐ Syndrome first described by Karl F. Rokinansky; “jelly belly” 1884 ‐Werth: associated with benign ovarian 

dcystadenoma 1901 ‐ Frankel: associated with cyst of the 

diappendix

Page 4: Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calggyary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC PseudomyxomaPeritonei(PMP / DPAM

Pseudomyxoma Peritonei: DPAMPseudomyxoma Peritonei: DPAM

DPAM  DPAM: Disseminated Peritoneal Adeno‐Mucinosis: a pathologically and histologically benign hypocellular / acellular mucinous peritoneal yp ptumor that is  frequently associated with appendiceal mucinous adenoma. pp

70% 10 year survival70% 10 year survival

Page 5: Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calggyary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC PseudomyxomaPeritonei(PMP / DPAM
Page 6: Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calggyary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC PseudomyxomaPeritonei(PMP / DPAM

1 / 1 000 000 population 1 / 1,000,000 population Slightly higher incidence in womenO   f  i i   ill d b d Organ of origin still debated Appendix, ovary, pancreas Both organs commonly involved Both express keratin 7135a Both express keratin 7 35

Both express c‐Ki‐ras mutations

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MUC2‐expressing goblet cells found in the appendix, not ovariesappendix, not ovaries

MUC2‐expression accounts for voluminous extracellular mucin (mucin:cell ratio > 10:1)extracellular mucin (mucin:cell ratio   10:1)

Upregulation of MUC2 is independent of malignant transformationtransformation

Increased mucous production is directly related to increased MUC2 secreting cellsc eased UC sec et g ce s

O’Connell et al.,  Am.J.Path., Aug. 2002

Page 8: Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calggyary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC PseudomyxomaPeritonei(PMP / DPAM

Increasing abdominal girth 52% ‐ 60% Discomfort 44% ‐ 55%

b l l l Hernia:  Umbilical, inguinal 33% ‐ 48% Weight loss Anemia Anemia Fatigue Urinary symptoms

Di h Diarrhoea Peritoneal symptoms

Page 9: Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calggyary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC PseudomyxomaPeritonei(PMP / DPAM
Page 10: Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calggyary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC PseudomyxomaPeritonei(PMP / DPAM

Cases of Peritoneal Mucinous Mucinous Carcinomatosis regardless of regardless of extracellular mucous are not PMP 

Page 11: Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calggyary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC PseudomyxomaPeritonei(PMP / DPAM

%  %  l  i  CRC 11% ‐ 25% prevalence in CRC Median survival historically 5.2% ‐ 12.6%* Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemoperfusionyp p p[HIPEC], popularized by Sugarbaker, Glehen, Verwaal

11 phase II trials evaluating HIPEC for CRC** 11 phase II trials evaluating HIPEC for CRC One phase III RCT:  Verwaal et al** Case control study: Elias et al***

*Primarily FU based regiemes **Primarily MMC based regiemesPrimarily MMC based regiemes ***Oxaliplatin vs other agents

Page 12: Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calggyary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC PseudomyxomaPeritonei(PMP / DPAM

P i l  f   li iPeritoneal surface malignancies Pseudomyxoma peritonei,  PMP / DPAM Carcinomatosis  PMCACarcinomatosis, PMCA Colorectal Gastric Ovarian Other

Mesothelioma Mesothelioma Sarcomatosis Primary peritoneal carcinoma

Clinical staging is critical to patient selection and outcomes

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Page 14: Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calggyary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC PseudomyxomaPeritonei(PMP / DPAM

C t d ti  t  CC  / C Cytoreductive surgery to CC0 / C1 Intraoperative intraperitoneal hyperthermicchemoperfusionchemoperfusion Agents include:▪ *Mitomycin CMitomycin C▪ *Oxaliplatin▪ Cisplatin▪ Doxorubicin▪ Gemcitabine▪ others▪ others

*Most commonly utilized agents in CRC

Page 15: Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calggyary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC PseudomyxomaPeritonei(PMP / DPAM
Page 16: Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calggyary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC PseudomyxomaPeritonei(PMP / DPAM
Page 17: Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calggyary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC PseudomyxomaPeritonei(PMP / DPAM
Page 18: Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calggyary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC PseudomyxomaPeritonei(PMP / DPAM
Page 19: Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calggyary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC PseudomyxomaPeritonei(PMP / DPAM
Page 20: Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calggyary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC PseudomyxomaPeritonei(PMP / DPAM

C t d ti  t  CC  / C Cytoreductive surgery to CC0 / C1 Intraoperative intraperitoneal hyperthermicchemoperfusionchemoperfusion Agents include:▪ *Mitomycin CMitomycin C▪ *Oxaliplatin▪ Cisplatin▪ Doxorubicin▪ Gemcitabine▪ others▪ others

*Most commonly utilized agents in CRC

Page 21: Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calggyary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC PseudomyxomaPeritonei(PMP / DPAM

HIPEC

Page 22: Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calggyary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC PseudomyxomaPeritonei(PMP / DPAM

H t i  d   t ti  i t   Heat increases drug penetration into tissue. 

Heat increases the cytotoxicity of  Heat increases the cytotoxicity of selected chemotherapy agents. 

Heat has anti‐tumor effects by itself. Heat has anti tumor effects by itself.  Intraoperative chemotherapy allows manual distribution of drug and heat guniformly to all surfaces of the abdomen and pelvis.Fi t   h ti   l   id d First pass hepatic clearance avoided

Page 23: Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calggyary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC PseudomyxomaPeritonei(PMP / DPAM

Median Survival 12% – 34%

  d      i l    %  8 %  i  1 and 3 year survival:  55% ‐ 85%  in treated vs 18% ‐ 47% in standard of care

Cytoreductive Surgery Combined With Perioperative Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for the Management of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis From Colorectal Cancer: A Multi‐Institutional Study yO. Glehen, F. Kwiatkowski, P.H. Sugarbaker, D. Elias, E.A. Levine, M. De Simone, R. Barone, Y. Yonemura, F. Cavaliere, F. Quenet, M. Gutman, A.A.K. Tentes, G. Lorimier, J.L. Bernard, J.M. Bereder, J. Porcheron, A. Gomez‐Portilla, P. Shen, M. Deraco, P. Rat

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N=506 among 28 institutions May 1987‐2002

d h d Cytoreduction with HIPEC and/or EPIC

Glehan et al, ASCO 2004

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34% limited, 66% extensive 72% node positive

l 12% liver resection in same OR CCR CCR0‐ 54% CCR1 (no residual > 5mm) – 21% CCR2 (residual  5mm) – 25%

Glehan et al., ASCO 2004

Page 26: Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calggyary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC PseudomyxomaPeritonei(PMP / DPAM

M li   %  %    d     Mortality 4%  50% were secondary to abdominal sepsis

Major morbidity: 23% Major morbidity: 23% 11% reoperation 9% GI fistula 9% GI fistula

Factors associated with major morbidity Extensive diseaseExtensive disease EPIC

Glehan et al., ASCO 2004

Page 27: Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calggyary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC PseudomyxomaPeritonei(PMP / DPAM

M di  f ll       h Median follow‐up = 52 months All CCR2 considered immediate failures Overall median survival  19 months Overall median survival – 19 months Median survival by CCR CCR0 – 32 months CCR0 – 32 months CCR1 – 24 months CCR2 – 6 monthsCCR2  6 months

5 year survival in CCR0 = 31%

Glehan et al., ASCO 2004

Page 28: Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calggyary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC PseudomyxomaPeritonei(PMP / DPAM

CCRO Extensive disease

d

Strongest prognostic factors

2nd operation Lymph node positive Age Grade Liver resection 

Glehan et al., ASCO 2004

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Standard tx: Standard tx: Bypass or stoma surgery (if 

obstructed) FU – I V push 400 mg/m2p g Leucovorin IV 80 mg/m2

Experimental  Abdomen scored (7 regions) No visible residual   R1 No visible residual = R1 Residual < 2.5mm = R2a Residual > 2.5mm = R2b Total time to operate and p

bleeding recorded MMC 17.5 mg/m2 + 8.8mm/m2

q30min Systemic CT 6 – 12 wks  Systemic CT 6 – 12 wks 

following surgery.

Page 30: Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calggyary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC PseudomyxomaPeritonei(PMP / DPAM
Page 31: Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calggyary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC PseudomyxomaPeritonei(PMP / DPAM

Tumor burden impacts blood loss for patient treated with HIPEC Median blood loss:  all patients:  3.9L if 6 or 7 regions:    6L 

(R     )▪ (Range: 3.5 – 30) Tumor burden impacts post‐operative medianhospital stayhospital stay all patients 23 days (13 – 90) if 6 or 7 regions 38 days if 6 or 7 regions 38 days ▪ (Range: 6 – 166)

Page 32: Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calggyary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC PseudomyxomaPeritonei(PMP / DPAM

22.3m

12.6m

Page 33: Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calggyary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC PseudomyxomaPeritonei(PMP / DPAM

29 m

5.4 m

Page 34: Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calggyary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC PseudomyxomaPeritonei(PMP / DPAM
Page 35: Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calggyary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC PseudomyxomaPeritonei(PMP / DPAM
Page 36: Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calggyary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC PseudomyxomaPeritonei(PMP / DPAM

P=0.028

22.2m22.3m

12.6m12.6m

Page 37: Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calggyary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC PseudomyxomaPeritonei(PMP / DPAM

4 deaths (8%) with HIPEC – all related to sepsis

f l 7 (15%) fistulas All got J‐tube

Page 38: Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calggyary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC PseudomyxomaPeritonei(PMP / DPAM

C   t l St d Case control Study January ‘98 – December ’03

▪ Five regions (< 2 or 3 – 5)O li l ti 6 / 2   i  ▪ Oxaliplatin 460mg/m2 x 30 min @ 42oc

▪ All received neoadjuvantchemotherapy

Standard group of 48 pts. ▪ Retrospective selection▪ Pts with PC from CRC who 

through careful selection are through careful selection are deemed to have been suitable for HIPEC had it been available

▪ 4 possible lines of chemotherapy (median 2 3 chemotherapy (median 2.3 lines)

Page 39: Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calggyary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC PseudomyxomaPeritonei(PMP / DPAM

Median F/U  95.7 standard

6 63 experimental Five year OS

%  t d d

62.7m

13% standard 51% experimental23.9m

Page 40: Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calggyary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC PseudomyxomaPeritonei(PMP / DPAM

Two separate issues: Cytoreductive Surgery: Little debate that cytoreductive surgery to CCO offers a DF and OS advantage

Th  i h  bi l i l  ffi   f  h  di   The inherent biological efficacy of the disease to systemically delivered chemotherapy While there is growing experience, the evidence for HIPEC vs standard systemic chemotherapy remains a topic of heated debate remains a topic of heated debate 

Page 41: Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calggyary Carman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC PseudomyxomaPeritonei(PMP / DPAM

Questions?Questions?