Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October...
Transcript of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and · 2012-10-23 · Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and CAGPO 2012, October...
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis and
CAGPO 2012, October 19, Calgary, 9, g yCarman Giacomantonio MD, MSc., FRCSC
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei (PMP / DPAM ) Pseudomyxoma Peritonei (PMP / DPAM )vs
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis (PMCA)( )
Principles of Surgery Cytoreduction Intraoperative, hyperthermic intraperitoneal
h hchemotherapy
Current Evidence / PracticeCurrent Evidence / Practice
Historical Background 1842 ‐ Syndrome first described by Karl F. Rokinansky; “jelly belly” 1884 ‐Werth: associated with benign ovarian
dcystadenoma 1901 ‐ Frankel: associated with cyst of the
diappendix
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei: DPAMPseudomyxoma Peritonei: DPAM
DPAM DPAM: Disseminated Peritoneal Adeno‐Mucinosis: a pathologically and histologically benign hypocellular / acellular mucinous peritoneal yp ptumor that is frequently associated with appendiceal mucinous adenoma. pp
70% 10 year survival70% 10 year survival
1 / 1 000 000 population 1 / 1,000,000 population Slightly higher incidence in womenO f i i ill d b d Organ of origin still debated Appendix, ovary, pancreas Both organs commonly involved Both express keratin 7135a Both express keratin 7 35
Both express c‐Ki‐ras mutations
MUC2‐expressing goblet cells found in the appendix, not ovariesappendix, not ovaries
MUC2‐expression accounts for voluminous extracellular mucin (mucin:cell ratio > 10:1)extracellular mucin (mucin:cell ratio 10:1)
Upregulation of MUC2 is independent of malignant transformationtransformation
Increased mucous production is directly related to increased MUC2 secreting cellsc eased UC sec et g ce s
O’Connell et al., Am.J.Path., Aug. 2002
Increasing abdominal girth 52% ‐ 60% Discomfort 44% ‐ 55%
b l l l Hernia: Umbilical, inguinal 33% ‐ 48% Weight loss Anemia Anemia Fatigue Urinary symptoms
Di h Diarrhoea Peritoneal symptoms
Cases of Peritoneal Mucinous Mucinous Carcinomatosis regardless of regardless of extracellular mucous are not PMP
% % l i CRC 11% ‐ 25% prevalence in CRC Median survival historically 5.2% ‐ 12.6%* Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemoperfusionyp p p[HIPEC], popularized by Sugarbaker, Glehen, Verwaal
11 phase II trials evaluating HIPEC for CRC** 11 phase II trials evaluating HIPEC for CRC One phase III RCT: Verwaal et al** Case control study: Elias et al***
*Primarily FU based regiemes **Primarily MMC based regiemesPrimarily MMC based regiemes ***Oxaliplatin vs other agents
P i l f li iPeritoneal surface malignancies Pseudomyxoma peritonei, PMP / DPAM Carcinomatosis PMCACarcinomatosis, PMCA Colorectal Gastric Ovarian Other
Mesothelioma Mesothelioma Sarcomatosis Primary peritoneal carcinoma
Clinical staging is critical to patient selection and outcomes
C t d ti t CC / C Cytoreductive surgery to CC0 / C1 Intraoperative intraperitoneal hyperthermicchemoperfusionchemoperfusion Agents include:▪ *Mitomycin CMitomycin C▪ *Oxaliplatin▪ Cisplatin▪ Doxorubicin▪ Gemcitabine▪ others▪ others
*Most commonly utilized agents in CRC
C t d ti t CC / C Cytoreductive surgery to CC0 / C1 Intraoperative intraperitoneal hyperthermicchemoperfusionchemoperfusion Agents include:▪ *Mitomycin CMitomycin C▪ *Oxaliplatin▪ Cisplatin▪ Doxorubicin▪ Gemcitabine▪ others▪ others
*Most commonly utilized agents in CRC
HIPEC
H t i d t ti i t Heat increases drug penetration into tissue.
Heat increases the cytotoxicity of Heat increases the cytotoxicity of selected chemotherapy agents.
Heat has anti‐tumor effects by itself. Heat has anti tumor effects by itself. Intraoperative chemotherapy allows manual distribution of drug and heat guniformly to all surfaces of the abdomen and pelvis.Fi t h ti l id d First pass hepatic clearance avoided
Median Survival 12% – 34%
d i l % 8 % i 1 and 3 year survival: 55% ‐ 85% in treated vs 18% ‐ 47% in standard of care
Cytoreductive Surgery Combined With Perioperative Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for the Management of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis From Colorectal Cancer: A Multi‐Institutional Study yO. Glehen, F. Kwiatkowski, P.H. Sugarbaker, D. Elias, E.A. Levine, M. De Simone, R. Barone, Y. Yonemura, F. Cavaliere, F. Quenet, M. Gutman, A.A.K. Tentes, G. Lorimier, J.L. Bernard, J.M. Bereder, J. Porcheron, A. Gomez‐Portilla, P. Shen, M. Deraco, P. Rat
N=506 among 28 institutions May 1987‐2002
d h d Cytoreduction with HIPEC and/or EPIC
Glehan et al, ASCO 2004
34% limited, 66% extensive 72% node positive
l 12% liver resection in same OR CCR CCR0‐ 54% CCR1 (no residual > 5mm) – 21% CCR2 (residual 5mm) – 25%
Glehan et al., ASCO 2004
M li % % d Mortality 4% 50% were secondary to abdominal sepsis
Major morbidity: 23% Major morbidity: 23% 11% reoperation 9% GI fistula 9% GI fistula
Factors associated with major morbidity Extensive diseaseExtensive disease EPIC
Glehan et al., ASCO 2004
M di f ll h Median follow‐up = 52 months All CCR2 considered immediate failures Overall median survival 19 months Overall median survival – 19 months Median survival by CCR CCR0 – 32 months CCR0 – 32 months CCR1 – 24 months CCR2 – 6 monthsCCR2 6 months
5 year survival in CCR0 = 31%
Glehan et al., ASCO 2004
CCRO Extensive disease
d
Strongest prognostic factors
2nd operation Lymph node positive Age Grade Liver resection
Glehan et al., ASCO 2004
Standard tx: Standard tx: Bypass or stoma surgery (if
obstructed) FU – I V push 400 mg/m2p g Leucovorin IV 80 mg/m2
Experimental Abdomen scored (7 regions) No visible residual R1 No visible residual = R1 Residual < 2.5mm = R2a Residual > 2.5mm = R2b Total time to operate and p
bleeding recorded MMC 17.5 mg/m2 + 8.8mm/m2
q30min Systemic CT 6 – 12 wks Systemic CT 6 – 12 wks
following surgery.
Tumor burden impacts blood loss for patient treated with HIPEC Median blood loss: all patients: 3.9L if 6 or 7 regions: 6L
(R )▪ (Range: 3.5 – 30) Tumor burden impacts post‐operative medianhospital stayhospital stay all patients 23 days (13 – 90) if 6 or 7 regions 38 days if 6 or 7 regions 38 days ▪ (Range: 6 – 166)
22.3m
12.6m
29 m
5.4 m
P=0.028
22.2m22.3m
12.6m12.6m
4 deaths (8%) with HIPEC – all related to sepsis
f l 7 (15%) fistulas All got J‐tube
C t l St d Case control Study January ‘98 – December ’03
▪ Five regions (< 2 or 3 – 5)O li l ti 6 / 2 i ▪ Oxaliplatin 460mg/m2 x 30 min @ 42oc
▪ All received neoadjuvantchemotherapy
Standard group of 48 pts. ▪ Retrospective selection▪ Pts with PC from CRC who
through careful selection are through careful selection are deemed to have been suitable for HIPEC had it been available
▪ 4 possible lines of chemotherapy (median 2 3 chemotherapy (median 2.3 lines)
Median F/U 95.7 standard
6 63 experimental Five year OS
% t d d
62.7m
13% standard 51% experimental23.9m
Two separate issues: Cytoreductive Surgery: Little debate that cytoreductive surgery to CCO offers a DF and OS advantage
Th i h bi l i l ffi f h di The inherent biological efficacy of the disease to systemically delivered chemotherapy While there is growing experience, the evidence for HIPEC vs standard systemic chemotherapy remains a topic of heated debate remains a topic of heated debate
Questions?Questions?