DEPT OF PERIODONTICSDr shabeel pnRDC

PERIODONTAL PROBES EXPLORERS SCALING, ROOT-PLANING &

CURETTAGE PERIODONTAL ENDOSCOPE CLEANSING & POLISHING

INSTRUMENTS

PERIODONTAL PROBES- used to locate, measure and mark pockets

as well as determine their course on individual tooth surfaces

EXPLORERS- to locate calculus deposites and caries

SCALING, ROOT-PLANING AND CURETTAGE INSTRUMENTS-

for removal of plaque and calcified deposites from crown and root of tooth, removal of altered cementum from the subgingival root surface, and debridement of the soft tissue lining the pocket.

Sickle scaler- to remove supragingival calculus

Curettes- for subgingival scaling, root planing and removal of the soft tissue lining the pocket

Hoe, chisel and file scaler- to remove tenacious calculus and altered cementum

Ultrasonic and sonic instruments- for cleansing and polishing tooth surface and curetting the soft tissue wall of the periodontal pocket

CLEANSING & POLISHING INSTRUMENTS- eg: rubber cups, brushes, dental tape, air-powder abrasive system

A. Marquis colour coded probe

B. Unc-15 probeC. University of Michigan

“o” probeD. Michigan “o” probe with

marking 3, 6 and 8 E. W.H.O. probe

NABERS PROBE

TAPERED ROD LIKE INSTRUMENT CALIBERATED IN MILLIMETERS, WITH A BLUNT ROUND TIP

FUFCATION AREAS BEST EVALUATED BY THE CURVED BLUNT NABERS PROBE

PLASTIC PROBES IN CASE OF IMPLANTS PROBE IS INSERTED WITH A FIRM GENTLE

PRESSURE TO THE BOTTOM OF THE POCKET. SHANK SHOULD ALLIGN WITH THE LONG AXIS OF THE TOOTH

USED TO REMOVE LARGE CALCULUS DEPOSITS FROM THE ENAMEL SURFACE

USED WITH A PULL STROKE.

LATERAL SURFACE:- STRAIGHT, MEET IN A POINT TIP

NO OF CUTTING EDGE:- 2 CUTTING EDGE WORKING END IN CROSS SECTION:-

TRIANGULAR SICKLE SCALERS WITH STRAIGHT SHANKS ARE

DESIGNED FOR USE ON ANTERIOR TEETH SICKLE SCALERS WITH CONTRA ANGLED

SHANKS ADAPT TO POSTERIOR TEETH U15/30 & UNIVERSITY SICKLE SCALER ARE

LARGE JAQUETTE SICKLE SCALERS HAVE MEDIUM SIZE

HOE SCALERS ARE USED FOR SCALING OF LEDGES OR RINGS CALCULUS

BLADE IS BENT AT 99 ANGLE CUTTING EDGE BEVELED AT 45 DEGREE BLADE IS SLIGHT BOWED SO THAT IT CAN

MAINTAIN TWO CONTACT AT TWO POINTS ON A CONVEX SURFACE

THE BLADE IS INSERTED TO THE BASE OF THE PERIDONTAL POCKET SO THAT IT MAKES TWO POINT CONTACT WITH THE TOOTH .THIS STABLIZES THE INSTRUMENT AND PREVENT NICKING OF THE ROOT.

THE INSTRUMENT IS ACTIVATED WITH A FIRM PULL STROKE TOWARD THE CROWN,

IT IS DESIGNED FOR THE PROXIMAL SURFACE OF TEETH TOO CLOSELY SPACED TO PERMIT THE USE OF OTHER SCALERS

IT IS USUALLY USED IN ANTERIOR PART OF THE MOUTH

CHISEL INSERTED FROM FACIAL SURFACE INSTRUMENT IS ACTIVATED WITH A PUSH

MOTION WHILE THE SIDE SIDE OF THE BLADE IS HELD FIRMLY AGAINST THE ROOT

THEIR PRIMARY FUNCTION IS TO FRACTURE OR CRUSH LARGE DEPOSITE OF TENACIOUS CALCULUS

FILES CAN EASILY ROUGHEN ROOT SURFACES WHEN USED IMPROPERLY THEREFORE, THEY ARE SUITABLE FOR FINE SCALING

MINI BLABE CURETTE ARE NOW PREFERRED

SHORT, POWERFUL PULL STROKE THAT IS USED FOR THE REMOVAL OF BOTH SUPRAGINGIVAL & SUBGINGIVAL CALCULUS

CURETTES ARE OF TWO TYPES1. UNIVERSAL2. AREA SPECIFIC

UNIVERSAL CURETTES-USED IN ANY AREA-BOTH CUTTING EDGES USED-CURVED IN ONE PLANE-FACE OF BLADE AT 90 DEGREE TO SHANK

AREA SPECIFIC-USED IN SPECIFIC AREAS-ONE CUTTING EDGE USED-CURVED IN TWO PLANEOFFSET BLADE

GRACEY CURETTES1-2 & 3-4 ANTERIOR TEETH5-6 ANTERIOR TEETH & PREMOLARS7-8 & 9-10 FACIAL & LINGUAL- POSTERIORS11-12 MESIAL- POSTERIORS13-14 DISTAL- POSTERIORS

EXTENDED SHANK CURETTES -MODIFICATION OF GRACEY CURETTES -TERMINAL SHANK IS 3mm LONGER,

ALLOWING EXTENSION INTO DEEPER PERIODONTAL POCKET OF 5mmOR MORE

-THINNED BLADE FOR SMOOTHER INSERTION

Eg HU-FRIEDY AFTER FIVE CURETTES CHICAGO AFTER FIVE CURETTES

MINI BLADED CURETTES -MODIFICATIONS OF AFTER FIVE

CURETTES -BLADES ARE HALF THE LENGTH OF

AFTER FIVE OR STANDERD GRACEY CURETTES

-SHORTER BLADES ALLOWS EASIER INSERTION AND ADAPTATION IN DEEP,NARROW POCKETS;FURCATIONS

eg HU-FRIEDY MINI FVE CURETTES

SCHWARTZ PERIOTRIEVERS A SET OF DOUBLE ENDED HIGHLY

MAGNETISED INSTRUMENTS DESIGNED FOR THE RETRIEVEL OF BROCKEN INSTRUMENT TIPS

PLASTIC INSTRUMENTS FOR IMPLANTS TO AVOID SCARRING AND

PERMANENT DAMAGE TO IMPLANTS

DIAMOND COATED FILES UNIQUE INSTRUMENTS USED FOR FINAL

FINISHING OF ROOT SURFACES QUETIN FURCATION CURETTES

HOES WITH A SHALLOW, HALF MOON RADIOUS THAT FITS INTO ROOF OR FLOOR OF FURCATION & DEVELOPMENTAL DEPRESSIONS OF ROOT SURFACE

USED FOR REMOVING PLAQUE, STAINS, FOR SCALING & CURETTAGE

2 TYPES-MAGNECTOSTRICTIVE & PIEZOELECTRIC ALTERNATING ELECTRIC CURRENTS GENERATES

OSCILLATIONS THAT CAUSES SCALER TIP TO VIBRATE

20,000-45,000 CYCLES PER SEC IN MAGNETOSTRICTIVE, PATTERN OF VIBRATION

IS ELLIPTICAL- ALL SIDES OF THE TIP ARE ACTIVE IN PIEZOELECTRIC, VIBRATION IS LINEAR- TWO

SIDES OF TIP ARE ACTIVE

CONSISTS OF A HAND PIECE THAT ATTACHES TO A COMPRESSED AIR LINE.

2000-6500 cps LESS POWER FOR CALCULUS REMOVAL

THAN ULTRASONIC UNITS

SONIC AND PIEZOELECTRIC- NO HEAT GENERATEDMAGNETOSTRICTIVE- HEAT IS GENERATED WHICH REQUIRE WATER FOR COOLING

MAGNETOSTRICTIVE ULTRASONIC UNIT

MOST EFFICIENT AND LEAST TRAUMATIC INSTRUMENTS FOR CORRECTING OVERHANGING OR OVERCONTOURED PROXIMAL ALLOY OR RESIN RESTORATION

THESE FILES ARE MADE OF ALUMINIUM IN THE SHAPE OF A WEDGE PROTRUDING FROM A SHAFT

ONE SIDE OF THE WEDGE IS DIAMOND COATED AND THE OTHER SIDE IS SMOOTH

RUBBER CUPS:- CONSIST OF A RUBBER WITH OR WITHOUT WEBBED CONFIGURATIONS IN THE HOLLOW INTERIOR

USED IN HANDPIECE WITH A SPECIAL PROPHYLAXIS

A GOOD CLEANSING & POLISHING PASTE THAT CONTAIN FLOURIED SHOULD BE USED & KEPT MOIST TO MINIMIZE FRICTION HEAT

AVAILABLE IN WHEEL & CUP SHAPES USED IN PROPHYLAXIS ANGLE WITH A

POLISHING PASTE

DENTAL TAPE

DENTAL TAPE WITH POLISHING PASTE IN USED FOR POLISHING PROXIMAL SURFACE THAT ARE INACCESSIBLE TO OTHER POLISHING INSTRUMENTS

USED FOR GINGIVECTOMY

USED IN PERIDONTAL SURGERY

NEEDED TO REFLECT & MOVE THE FLAP AFTER THE INCISION HAS BEN MADE FOR FLAP SURGERY

USED TO HOLD THE FLAP DURING SUTURING USED TO POSITION & DISPLACE THE FLAP

AFTER THE FLAP HAS BENN REFLECTED DEBAKEY TISSUE FORCEPS

USED TO REMOVE TABS OF TISSUE DURING GINGIVECTOMY, TRIM THE MARGIN OF FLAP, ENLARGE INCISION IN PERIDONTAL ABSCESES ,REMOVE MUSCCHMENT IN SURGERY

GOLDMAN – FOX SCISSORS

USED TO SUTURE THE FLAP AT THE DESIRE PORTION AFTER SURIGAL PROCEDURE HAS BEEN COMPLETE. CASTROVEJO NEDDLE HOLDER

ACCESSIBILITY:POSITIONING OF PATIENT AND OPERATOR

VISIBILITY, ILLUMINATION &RETRACTION CONDITION AND SHARPNESS OF

INSTRUMENT MAINTAINING A CLEAN FIELD INSTRUMENT STABILISATION INSTRUMENT ACTIVATION

ACCESSIBILTY FACILITATES THOROUGHNESS OF INSTRUMENTATION

POSITION OF PATIENT & OPERATOR SHOULD PROVIDE MAXIMAL ACESSIBILITY

INADEQUATE ACCESSIBILITY IMPEDES THROUGH INSRUMENTATION, PREMATURELY TIRED THE OPERATOR DIMINISHES EFFECTIVENESS OF CLINICIAN

CLINICIAN SHOULD DE SEATED COMFORTABLELY ON A OPERATING STOOL, SO THAT CLINICIAN’S FEET ARE ON THE FLOOR WITH THE THIGHS TO THE FLOOR

BE IN A STRAIGHT & HEAD ERECT POSITION PATIENT SHOULD BE IN SUPINE POSITION & PLACED SO

THAT THE MOUTH CLOSE TO THE RESTIG ELBOW OF THE CLINICIAN

FOR INSTRUMENTATUON OF THE MAXILLARY ARCH, THE PATIENTS CHIN SHOULD BE RISE SLIGHTLY

FOR MANDIBULAR ARCH, LOWER CHIN UNTILL MADIBLE IN PARALLEL TO FLOOR.

DIRECT VISION WITH DIRECT ILLUMINATION FROM DENTAL LIGHT

INDIRECT VISION BY USING MOUTH MIRROR RETRACTION PROVIDES VISIBILITY,

ACESSIBILITY & ILLUMINATION MIRROR ALSO USED FOR RETRACTION

CHEEKS OR TONGUE INDEX FINGER IS USED FOR RETRACTION

OF THE LIP

MAKE SURE THAT ARE CLEAN, STERILE & IN GOOD CONDITION

WORKING END OF POINTED OR BLAED INSTRUMENT MUST BE SHARP TO BE EFFECTIVE

SHARP INSTRUMENTS ENCHANCE TACTILE SENSITIVITY & ALLOW YHE CLINICIAN TO WORK MORE PRECISELY

INSTRUMENTATION CAN BE HAMPERED IF THE OPERATIVE FIELD IN OBSCURED BY SALIVA, BLOOD & DEBRIS

INSTRUMENT GRASP MODIFIED PEN GRASP STANDARD PEN GRASP PALM AND THUMB GRASPFINGER REST CONVENTIONAL CROSS ARCH OPPOSITE ARCH FINGER ON FINGER

PEN GRASP THE THUMB, INDEX FINGER, & MIDDLE

FINGER ARE USED TO HOLD INSTRUMENT AS PEN IN HELD

MODIFIED PEN GRASP:-ENSURE GREATEST CONTROL IN PERFORMING INTRAORAL PROCEDURES

FOR STABILIZING INSTRUMENTS DURING SHARPENING AND FOR MANIPULATING AIR AND WATER SYRINGES

CONVENTIONAL FINGER REST IS ESTABLISHED ON TOOTH SURFACE IMMEDIATELY ADJACENT TO WORKING AREA

CROSS ARCH FINGER REST IS ESTABILISHED ON TEETH SURFACE ON THE OTHER SIDE OF THE SAME ARCH

OPPOSITE ARCH FINGER REST IS ESTABLISHED TOOTH SURFACE ON THE OPPOSITE ARCH

FINGER ON FINGER REST IS ESTABLISHED ON THE INDEX FINGER OR THUMB OF THE NONOPERATING HAND

FOR EFFECTIVE INSTRUMENTION OF SOME ASPECTS OF THE MAXILLARY POSTERIOR TEETH

PALM UP:- FULCRUM IS ESTABLISHED BY RESTING THE BACKS OF THE MIDDLE & FOURTH FINGER ON THE SKIN OVERLYING THE LATERAL ASPECTS OF THE MANDIBLE ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE SIDE

THE PALM DOWN FULCRUMM IS ESTABLISHED BY RESTING THE FRONT SURFACE OF THE MIDDLE & FOURTH FINGER ON THE SKIN OVERLYING THE LATER ASPECT OF THE MANDIBLE ON THE LEFT SIDE OF THE

ADAPTATION ADAPTATION REFERS TO THE MANNER IN WHICH

THE WORKING END OF THE INSTRUMENT IS PLACED AGAINST THE TOOTH

ANGULATION ANGULATION REFERS TO THE ANGLE BETWEEN

THE FACE OF A BLADED INSTRUMENT AND THE TOOTH SURFACE

-ALSO CALLED TOOTH-BLADE RELATIONSHIP DURING INSERTION—0 SCALING & ROOT PLANING– 45-90

LATERAL PRESSURE IT REFERS TO THE PRESSURE CREATED WHEN

FORCE IS APPLIED AGAINST THE SURFACE OF THE TOOTH WITH THE CUTTING EDGE OF A BLADED INSTRUMENT

MAY BE FIRM, MODERATE OR LIGHT UNCONTROLLED APPLICATION OF HEAVY FORCES

SHOULD BE AVOIDED STROKES 3 TYPES -EXPLORATORY SCALING ROOT PLANINGANY OF THESE STROKES MAY BE ACTIVATED BY A

PULL OR PUSH MOTION IN VERTICAL OBLIQUE OR HORIZONTAL DIRECTION

EXPLORATORY STROKE LIGHT FEELING STROKE USED WITH PROBES

AND EXPLORERS TO EVALUATE THE DIMENTION OF POCKET & TO DETECT CALCULUS & IRREGULARITIES ON TOOTH SURFACE

SCALING STROKESHORT POWERFULL PULL STROKE USED WITH

BLADED INSTRUMENTS FOR THE REMOVAL OF BOTH SUBGINGIVAL & SUPRAGINGIVAL CALCULUS.

SCALING MOTION SHOULD BE INITIATED IN THE FORE ARM &TRANSMITTED TO THE WRIST TO THE HAND WITH A SLIGHT FLEXION OF FINGERS

PUSH SCALING MOTION IS RARELY USED

ROOT PLANING STROKEMODERATE TO LIGHT PULL STROKE USED

FOR FINAL SMOOTHENING & PLANING OF THE ROOT SURFACE

HOES, FILES, CURETTES & ULTRA SONIC INSTRUMENTS CAN BE USED

MOUNTED ROTARY STONESMOUNTED ON A METAL MANDRILLCYLINDRICAL CONICAL OR DISC SHAPEDDIFFICULT TO CONTROL, CREATES HEAT,

TENDS TO WEAR THE INSTRUMENT EASILYUNMOUNTED STONESRECTANGULAR, CYLINDRICAL OR CONE

SHAPEDEITHER INSTRUMENT STABLIZED & STONE

DRAWN ACROSS IT OR STONE STABLIZED & INSTRUMENT DRAWN ACROSS STONE

Eg INDIA STONEARKANAS STONECERAMIC STONE