Periodontal Instruments (1)

7/25/2019 Periodontal Instruments (1)

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PERIODONTALINSTRUMENTS


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Presented

By

Dr / sandy Hassan


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Parts of Periodontal Instrument:

Handlethe part of a periodontal instrument used for

holding the instrument.

Shanka rod-shaped length of metal located between thehandle and the working-end of a dental

Working-Endthe part of a dental instrument that does thework of the instrument. The


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Classification

of

Periodontal Instruments

1- Periodontal Probes2- Explorers

3- Scaling, Root Planing, Curettage

4- Ultrasonic and Sonic Instruments

5- Periodontal Endoscope

6- Cleansing and Polishing


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1- Periodontal Probes

Purpose:

Used to measure the depth of pockets and

determine configuration.

Characteristics:

Tapered and rod-like with blunt, round tip

Calibrated in millimeters


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Periodontal Probes

Usage:

Inserted with firm, gentle pressure to the bottom

of the pocket


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Types of periodontal probes

Williams probes

graduated in 1,2,3,5,7,8,9,10

the spaces between 3-5and 5-7

designated to minimize confusion in

reading the probe

.
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Michigan O probe:

Marked at 3,6,8

Many clinician prefer it because of its thin

working end (o.5mm)


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Marquis probe:

Color coded gradated in 3,6,9,12
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Nabers probe:

Has curved calibrated working end in

3,6,9,12 for furcation exammintion
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2- Explorers

Purpose:1-Locate subgingival deposits of2-calculus3-Detect caries

4-Check smoothness after root planin


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3-Scaling, Root Planing, &

Curettage

Used for removing:

-plaque

-calcified deposits

-altered cementum

subgingivally

In addition:

-for debridement

of the soft tissue

lining the pocket


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Scaling, Root Planing, & Curettage

A-curette

B-scaler

C-File

D-Hoe

E-chiesl


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Curettes

Instrument of choice for removing subgingival

calculus, root planing altered cementum,

removing soft tissue lining.

Shows subgingival adaptation aroundthe root is best using a curette(instrument on right) as opposed to asickle scaler (on left).

*Note: Sickle scaler is not indicatedfor subgingival instrumentation


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Two Types of Curette Designs:

2- Universal Curette1- Gracey Curette


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Characteristics of the

Universal Curette Design:

Designed so that the working ends may be adaptedto all tooth surfaces of all regions of the oral cavitywith only one double-ended instrument.

The blade is honed at 90 degrees to the lower shank.

There is no curvature of the blade except for thecurve from the shank to the toe.

Has two cutting edges on each blade and both can

be utilized during instrumentation.


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Characteristics of the

Gracey Curette Design:

Gracey curettes are area-specific instruments, with each bladeadapting to a specific tooth area or surface.

The blade of a Gracey curette is offset at an angle to the lower

shank.The shape of the blade is semicircular

The face of the blade is offset at about 70 degrees to thelower shank.

Has two cutting edges but, ONLY ONE cutting edge of the

Gracey curette blade is used.The rounded, convex back of the curette that allows its

placement into the periodontal pocket with minimallaceration or discomfort

Only the lower third or half of the blade contacts the root

surface during instrumentation.


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Area Specific Curettes are the

GRACEY CURETTES:

Gracey 1-2 Anterior teeth

Gracey 3-4 Anterior teeth

Gracey 5-6 Anterior and bicuspid teeth

Gracey 7-8 Posterior teeth - buccal and lingual surfaces

Gracey 9-10 Posterior teeth -buccal and lingual surfaces

Gracey 11-12 Posterior teeth - mesial surfaces

Gracey13-14 Posterior teeth - distal surfaces


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Sickle Scaler:

Hook-shaped instrument availablein various sizes and shapes

Flat blade cut at 90 degree angleto shank

Cutting edges on both sides of thefaceof the blade.

Functions primarily to removeSupragingivalcalculus


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Shape of the blade is triangular

Has two cutting edges and a sharp pointed tip

Use on a pull strokeonly

Characteristics of the sickle scaler


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Anterior sickle

The blade , shank and handle are all in the same plane.

It is of two types;

Straight sickle and curved sickle
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Posterior sickle

( Jacquette Scaler)

Straight or curved blade + contra-angel bend added to theshank

Used for posterior teeth


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File Scaler:

Functions to crush tenacious

calculus

Used Supragingivally andSubgingivally

Used in a pull strokeonly

Has a series of bladesNot suitable for fine scaling and

root planing


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Chisel Scaler:

Functions to remove calculus

Used mainly in the proximal of

anterior teeth that are too closelyspaced

Used in a push strokeonly

Cutting edge has 45

bevel


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Hoe Scaler

Functions:To remove ledges or rings of calculus

Used Supragingivally and Subgingivally

Important to maintain a two-point contact with thetooth to stabilize the instrument

Used in a pull strokeonly blade is bent 99angle

Cutting edge has 45bevel


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4- Ultrasonic and Sonic Instruments

Used for removing plaque,scaling, curetting, and removingstains

Alternating electrical current

causes scaler tip to vibrate whenadapted to the tooth

Attached water outlets at the tip

dissipate the heat generated by

the vibrationsThe cavitationcreated by the

water spray also helps flushdebris, calculus, and plaque

dislodged by the vibrations


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For use subgingivally in thediagnosis and treatment ofperiodontal disease

May also be coupled withultrasonic instruments andperiodontal probes

Allows visualizationsubgingivally of pockets andfurcations on a monitor

5-Periodontal Endoscope


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6- Cleansing & Polishing

Instruments

Rubber Cups

Bristle Brushes

Dental Tape

Air-Powder Polishing


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Thank you

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