HydrogenSymbol: HAtomic number: 1Atomic mass: 1.00794Group: Non-MetalCAS-number: 1333-74-0

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 1Orbitals: 1s1

Electronegativity: 2.2, 2.11. Ionization potential: 13.5984 eV2. Ionization potential: -- eV3. Ionization potential: -- eVOxidation states: 1,-1Electrical conductivity: --

Melting point: -255.34 °C Boiling point: -252.87 °C Specific heat: 14.304 J/gKHeat of fusion: 0.05868 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 0.44936 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.001815 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 0.79 ÅIonic radius: 1.54 Å ()Covalent radius: 0.32 ÅAtomic volume: 14.4 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 0.00008988 g/cm³Crystal structure: Hexagonal

HeliumSymbol: HeAtomic number: 2Atomic mass: 4.002602Group: Noble GasCAS-number: 7440-59-7

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2Orbitals: 1s2

Electronegativity: 5.5, --1. Ionization potential: 24.5874 eV2. Ionization potential: 54.416 eV3. Ionization potential: -- eVOxidation states: 0Electrical conductivity: --

Melting point: -272.2 °C @ 26 atmos.Boiling point: -268.934 °C Specific heat: 5.193 J/gKHeat of fusion: -- kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 0.0845 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.00152 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 0.49 ÅIonic radius: -- Å ()Covalent radius: 0.93 ÅAtomic volume: 19.5 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 0.0001787 g/cm³Crystal structure: Hexagonal

LithiumSymbol: LiAtomic number: 3Atomic mass: 6.941Group: Alkali MetalCAS-number: 7439-93-2

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,1Orbitals: [He] 2s1

Electronegativity: 1.0, 1.01. Ionization potential: 5.3917 eV2. Ionization potential: 76.638 eV3. Ionization potential: 122.451 eVOxidation states: 1Electrical conductivity: 0.108 10^6

Melting point: 180.54 °C Boiling point: 1342 °C Specific heat: 3.6 J/gKHeat of fusion: 3.00 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 145.920 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.847 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 2.05 ÅIonic radius: 0.76 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.23 Å

Atomic volume: 13.10 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 0.53 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Body centered

BerylliumSymbol: BeAtomic number: 4Atomic mass: 9.012182Group: Alkali Earth MetalCAS-number: 7440-41-7

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,2Orbitals: [He] 2s2

Electronegativity: 1.5, 1.51. Ionization potential: 9.3226 eV2. Ionization potential: 18.211 eV3. Ionization potential: 153.893 eVOxidation states: 2Electrical conductivity: 0.313 10^6

Melting point: 1287 °C Boiling point: 2472 °C Specific heat: 1.82 J/gKHeat of fusion: 12.20 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 292.40 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 2.00 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.40 ÅIonic radius: 0.45 Å ()Covalent radius: 0.90

ÅAtomic volume: 5.0 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 1.848 g/cm³Crystal structure: Hexagonal

Boron

Symbol: BAtomic number: 5Atomic mass: 10.811Group: Non-MetalCAS-number: 7440-42-8

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,3Orbitals: [He] 2s2 2p1

Electronegativity: 2.0, 2.01. Ionization potential: 8.2980 eV2. Ionization potential: 25.154 eV3. Ionization potential: 37.93 eVOxidation states: 3Electrical conductivity: 1.0e-12 10^6

Melting point: 2079 °C Boiling point: 4000 °C Specific heat: 1.02 J/gKHeat of fusion: 50.20 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 489.70 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.270 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.17 ÅIonic radius: 0.23 Å ()

Covalent radius: 0.82 ÅAtomic volume: 4.6 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 2.34 g/cm³Crystal structure: Rhombohedral

CarbonSymbol: CAtomic number: 6Atomic mass: 12.011Group: Non-MetalCAS-number: 7440-44-0

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,4Orbitals: [He] 2s2 2p2

Electronegativity: 2.5, 2.51. Ionization potential: 11.2603 eV2. Ionization potential: 24.383 eV3. Ionization potential: 47.887 eVOxidation states: 4,2,-4Electrical conductivity: 0.00061 10^6

Melting point: 3825 °C (Sublimes)Boiling point: 4827 °C Specific heat: 0.71 J/gKHeat of fusion: -- kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 355.80 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 1.29 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 0.91 ÅIonic radius: 0.16 Å ()Covalent radius: 0.77

ÅAtomic volume: 4.58 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 2.62 g/cm³Crystal structure: Hexagonal

NitrogenSymbol: N

Atomic number: 7Atomic mass: 14.00674Group: Non-MetalCAS-number: 7727-37-9

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,5Orbitals: [He] 2s2 2p3

Electronegativity: 3.1, 3.01. Ionization potential: 14.5341 eV2. Ionization potential: 29.601 eV3. Ionization potential: 47.448 eVOxidation states: 5,4,3,2,-3Electrical conductivity: --

Melting point: -209.86 °C Boiling point: -195.8 °C Specific heat: 1.04 J/gKHeat of fusion: 0.3604 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 2.7928 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.0002598 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 0.75 ÅIonic radius: 1.71 Å ()Covalent radius: 0.75 Å

Atomic volume: 17.3 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 0.0012506 g/cm³Crystal structure: Hexagonal

OxygenSymbol: OAtomic number: 8Atomic mass: 15.9994Group: Non-MetalCAS-number: 7782-44-7

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,6Orbitals: [He] 2s2 2p4

Electronegativity: 3.5, 3.51. Ionization potential: 13.6181 eV2. Ionization potential: 35.117 eV3. Ionization potential: 54.934 eVOxidation states: -2,-1Electrical conductivity: --

Melting point: -218.4 °C Boiling point: -182.962 °C Specific heat: 0.92 J/gKHeat of fusion: 0.22259 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 3.4099 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.0002674 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 0.65 ÅIonic radius: 1.40 Å ()Covalent radius: 0.73 Å

Atomic volume: 14.0 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 0.001429 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic

FluorineSymbol: FAtomic number: 9

Atomic mass: 18.9984032Group: HalogenCAS-number: 7782-41-4

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,7Orbitals: [He] 2s2 2p5

Electronegativity: 4.1, 4.01. Ionization potential: 17.4228 eV2. Ionization potential: 34.97 eV3. Ionization potential: 62.707 eVOxidation states: -1Electrical conductivity: --

Melting point: -219.62 °C Boiling point: -188.14 °C Specific heat: 0.82 J/gKHeat of fusion: 0.2552 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 3.2698 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.000279 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 0.57 ÅIonic radius: 1.33 Å ()Covalent radius: 0.72 Å

Atomic volume: 12.6 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 0.001696 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic

NeonSymbol: NeAtomic number: 10Atomic mass: 20.1797Group: Noble GasCAS-number: 7440-01-9

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8Orbitals: [He] 2s2 2p6

Electronegativity: 4.84, --1. Ionization potential: 21.5645 eV2. Ionization potential: 40.962 eV3. Ionization potential: 63.45 eVOxidation states: 0Electrical conductivity: --

Melting point: -248.67 °C Boiling point: -246.048 °C Specific heat: 0.904 J/gKHeat of fusion: 0.3317 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 1.7326 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.000493 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 0.51 ÅIonic radius: -- Å ()Covalent radius: 0.71 ÅAtomic volume: 17.3

cm³/molDensity (293 K): 0.0008999 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Face centered

SodiumSymbol: NaAtomic number: 11Atomic mass: 22.989768Group: Alkali MetalCAS-number: 7440-23-5

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,1Orbitals: [Ne] 3s1

Electronegativity: 1.0, 0.91. Ionization potential: 5.1391 eV2. Ionization potential: 47.286 eV3. Ionization potential: 71.641 eVOxidation states: 1Electrical conductivity: 0.210 10^6

Melting point: 97.81 °C Boiling point: 882.9 °C Specific heat: 1.23 J/gKHeat of fusion: 2.598 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 96.960 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 1.41 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 2.23 ÅIonic radius: 1.02 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.54 Å

Atomic volume: 23.7 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 0.971 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Body centered

MagnesiumSymbol: MgAtomic number: 12Atomic mass: 24.3050Group: Alkali Earth MetalCAS-number: 7439-95-4

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,2Orbitals: [Ne] 3s2

Electronegativity: 1.2, 1.21. Ionization potential: 7.6462 eV2. Ionization potential: 15.035 eV3. Ionization potential: 80.143 eVOxidation states: 2Electrical conductivity: 0.226 10^6

Melting point: 648.8 °C Boiling point: 1090 °C Specific heat: 1.02 J/gKHeat of fusion: 8.954 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 127.40 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 1.56 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.72 ÅIonic radius: 0.72 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.36 Å

Atomic volume: 13.97 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 1.738 g/cm³Crystal structure: Hexagonal

AluminiumSymbol: AlAtomic number: 13Atomic mass: 26.981539Group: MetalCAS-number: 7429-90-5

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,3Orbitals: [Ne] 3s2 3p1

Electronegativity: 1.5, 1.51. Ionization potential: 5.9858 eV2. Ionization potential: 18.828 eV3. Ionization potential: 28.447 eVOxidation states: 3Electrical conductivity: 0.377 10^6

Melting point: 660.37 °C Boiling point: 2519 °C Specific heat: 0.90 J/gKHeat of fusion: 10.790 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 293.40 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 2.37 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.82 ÅIonic radius: 0.54 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.18 Å

Atomic volume: 10.0 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 2.702 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Face centered

SiliconSymbol: SiAtomic number: 14Atomic mass: 28.0855Group: Non-MetalCAS-number: 7440-21-3

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,4Orbitals: [Ne] 3s2 3p2

Electronegativity: 1.7, 1.81. Ionization potential: 8.1517 eV2. Ionization potential: 16.345 eV3. Ionization potential: 33.492 eVOxidation states: 4,-4Electrical conductivity: 2.52e-12 10^6

Melting point: 1410 °C Boiling point: 3265 °C Specific heat: 0.71 J/gKHeat of fusion: 50.550 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 384.220 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 1.48 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.46 ÅIonic radius: 0.26 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.11 Å

Atomic volume: 12.1 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 2.33 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Face centered

PhosphorusSymbol: PAtomic number: 15Atomic mass: 30.9737620Group: Non-MetalCAS-number: 7723-14-0

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric data

Shells: 2,8,5Orbitals: [Ne] 3s2 3p3

Electronegativity: 2.1, 2.11. Ionization potential: 10.4867 eV2. Ionization potential: 19.725 eV3. Ionization potential: 30.18 eVOxidation states: 5,3,-3Electrical conductivity: 1.0e-17 10^6

Melting point: 44.1 °C Boiling point: 277 °C Specific heat: 0.77 J/gKHeat of fusion: 0.657 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 12.129 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.00235 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.23 ÅIonic radius: 0.17 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.06

ÅAtomic volume: 17.0 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 1.82 g/cm³Crystal structure: Monoclinic

SulfurSymbol: SAtomic number: 16Atomic mass: 32.066Group: Non-MetalCAS-number: 7704-34-9

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,6Orbitals: [Ne] 3s2 3p4

Electronegativity: 2.4, 2.51. Ionization potential: 10.3600 eV2. Ionization potential: 23.33 eV3. Ionization potential: 34.83 eVOxidation states: 6,4,2,-2Electrical conductivity: 0.5e-23 10^6

Melting point: 115.21 °C Boiling point: 444.6 °C Specific heat: 0.71 J/gKHeat of fusion: 1.7175 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: -- kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.00269 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.09 ÅIonic radius: 0.29 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.02 Å

Atomic volume: 15.5 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 2.07 g/cm³Crystal structure: Orthorhombic

ChlorineSymbol: ClAtomic number: 17Atomic mass: 35.4527Group: HalogenCAS-number: 7782-50-5

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,7Orbitals: [Ne] 3s2 3p5

Melting point: -100.98 °C Boiling point: -34.6 °C

Atomic radius: 0.97 ÅIonic radius: 1.81 Å ()

Electronegativity: 2.8, 3.01. Ionization potential: 12.9676 eV2. Ionization potential: 23.81 eV3. Ionization potential: 39.611 eVOxidation states: 7,5,3,1,-1Electrical conductivity: --

Specific heat: 0.48 J/gKHeat of fusion: 3.203 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 10.20 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.000089 W/cmK

Covalent radius: 0.99 ÅAtomic volume: 16.9 cm³/mol

Density (293 K): 0.003214 g/cm³Crystal structure: Orthorhombic

ArgonSymbol: ArAtomic number: 18Atomic mass: 39.948Group: Noble GasCAS-number: 7440-37-1

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,8Orbitals: [Ne] 3s2 3p6

Electronegativity: 3.2, --1. Ionization potential: 15.7596 eV2. Ionization potential: 27.629 eV3. Ionization potential: 40.74 eVOxidation states: 0Electrical conductivity: --

Melting point: -189.2 °C Boiling point: -185.7 °C Specific heat: 0.520 J/gKHeat of fusion: 1.188 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 6.447 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.0001772 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 0.88 ÅIonic radius: -- Å ()Covalent radius: 0.98 ÅAtomic volume: 23.9

cm³/molDensity (293 K): 0.0017824 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Face centered

PotassiumSymbol: KAtomic number: 19Atomic mass: 39.0983Group: Alkali MetalCAS-number: 7440-09-7

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,8,1Orbitals: [Ar] 4s1

Electronegativity: 0.9, 0.81. Ionization potential: 4.3407

Melting point: 63.25 °C Boiling point: 759.9 °C Specific heat: 0.75 J/gKHeat of fusion: 2.334 kJ/mol

Atomic radius: 2.77 ÅIonic radius: 1.51 Å ()Covalent radius: 2.03 ÅAtomic volume: 45.46 cm³/mol

eV2. Ionization potential: 31.625 eV3. Ionization potential: 45.72 eVOxidation states: 1Electrical conductivity: 0.139 10^6

Heat of vaporization: 79.870 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 1.024 W/cmK

Density (293 K): 0.862 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic:

Body centered

CalciumSymbol: CaAtomic number: 20Atomic mass: 40.078Group: Alkali Earth MetalCAS-number: 7440-70-2

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,8,2Orbitals: [Ar] 4s2

Electronegativity: 1.0, 1.01. Ionization potential: 6.1132 eV2. Ionization potential: 11.871 eV3. Ionization potential: 50.908 eVOxidation states: 2Electrical conductivity: 0.298 10^6

Melting point: 839 °C Boiling point: 1484 °C Specific heat: 0.63 J/gKHeat of fusion: 8.540 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 153.60 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 2.00 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 2.23 ÅIonic radius: 1.00 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.74 Å

Atomic volume: 25.9 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 1.55 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Face centered

ScandiumSymbol: ScAtomic number: 21Atomic mass: 44.955910Group: Transition MetalCAS-number: 7440-20-2

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,9,2Orbitals: [Ar] 3d1 4s2

Electronegativity: 1.2, 1.31. Ionization potential: 6.5614 eV2. Ionization potential: 12.80 eV

Melting point: 1541 °C Boiling point: 2830 °C Specific heat: 0.6 J/gKHeat of fusion: 14.10 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 314.20 kJ/mol

Atomic radius: 2.09 ÅIonic radius: 0.75 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.44 ÅAtomic volume: 15.0 cm³/mol

3. Ionization potential: 24.76 eVOxidation states: 3Electrical conductivity: 0.0177 10^6

Thermal conductivity: 0.158 W/cmK

Density (293 K): 3.0 g/cm³Crystal structure:

Hexagonal

TitaniumSymbol: TiAtomic number: 22Atomic mass: 47.88Group: Transition MetalCAS-number: 7440-32-6

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,10,2Orbitals: [Ar] 3d2 4s2

Electronegativity: 1.3, 1.51. Ionization potential: 6.8282 eV2. Ionization potential: 13.58 eV3. Ionization potential: 27.491 eVOxidation states: 4,3Electrical conductivity: 0.0234 10^6

Melting point: 1668 °C ±10Boiling point: 3287 °C Specific heat: 0.52 J/gKHeat of fusion: 15.450 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 421.00 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.219 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 2.00 ÅIonic radius: 0.61 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.32 Å

Atomic volume: 10.64 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 4.50 g/cm³Crystal structure: Hexagonal

VanadiumSymbol: VAtomic number: 23Atomic mass: 50.9415Group: Transition MetalCAS-number: 7440-62-2

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,11,2Orbitals: [Ar] 3d3 4s2

Electronegativity: 1.4, 1.61. Ionization potential: 6.7463 eV

Melting point: 1890 °C ±10Boiling point: 3407 °C Specific heat: 0.49 J/gKHeat of fusion: 20.90 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 0.452

Atomic radius: 1.92 ÅIonic radius: 0.54 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.22 ÅAtomic volume: 8.78 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 5.8 g/cm³

2. Ionization potential: 14.65 eV3. Ionization potential: 29.31 eVOxidation states: 5,4,3,2,0Electrical conductivity: 0.0489 10^6

kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.307 W/cmK

Crystal structure: Cubic: Body centered

ChromiumSymbol: CrAtomic number: 24Atomic mass: 51.9961Group: Transition MetalCAS-number: 7440-47-3

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,13,1Orbitals: [Ar] 3d5 4s1

Electronegativity: 1.6, 1.61. Ionization potential: 6.7666 eV2. Ionization potential: 16.50 eV3. Ionization potential: 30.96 eVOxidation states: 6,3,2,0Electrical conductivity: 0.0774 10^6

Melting point: 1857 °C Boiling point: 2672 °C Specific heat: 0.45 J/gKHeat of fusion: 16.90 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 344.30 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.937 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.85 ÅIonic radius: 0.62 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.18 ÅAtomic volume: 7.23

cm³/molDensity (293 K): 7.19 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Body centered

ManganeseSymbol: MnAtomic number: 25Atomic mass: 54.93805Group: Transition MetalCAS-number: 7439-96-5

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,13,2Orbitals: [Ar] 3d5 4s2

Electronegativity: 1.6, 1.51. Ionization potential: 7.4340 eV2. Ionization potential: 15.64 eV3. Ionization potential: 33.667 eVOxidation states: 7,6,4,3,2,0,-1

Melting point: 1244 °C Boiling point: 2061 °C Specific heat: 0.48 J/gKHeat of fusion: 12.050 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 226.0 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.0782

Atomic radius: 1.79 ÅIonic radius: 0.67 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.17 ÅAtomic volume: 7.39 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 7.43 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Body centered

Electrical conductivity: 0.00695 10^6

W/cmK

IronSymbol: FeAtomic number: 26Atomic mass: 55.847Group: Transition MetalCAS-number: 7439-89-6

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,14,2Orbitals: [Ar] 3d6 4s2

Electronegativity: 1.6, 1.81. Ionization potential: 7.9024 eV2. Ionization potential: 16.18 eV3. Ionization potential: 30.651 eVOxidation states: 6,3,2,0,-2Electrical conductivity: 0.0993 10^6

Melting point: 1535 °C Boiling point: 2861 °C Specific heat: 0.44 J/gKHeat of fusion: 13.80 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 349.60 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.802 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.72 ÅIonic radius: 0.55 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.17 Å

Atomic volume: 7.1 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 7.86 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Body centered

CobaltSymbol: CoAtomic number: 27Atomic mass: 58.93320Group: Transition MetalCAS-number: 7440-48-4

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,15,2Orbitals: [Ar] 3d7 4s2

Electronegativity: 1.7, 1.91. Ionization potential: 7.8810 eV2. Ionization potential: 17.06 eV3. Ionization potential: 33.50 eVOxidation states: 3,2,0,-1Electrical conductivity: 0.172 10^6

Melting point: 1495 °C Boiling point: 2927 °C Specific heat: 0.42 J/gKHeat of fusion: 16.190 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 376.50 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 1.00 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.67 ÅIonic radius: 0.65 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.16

ÅAtomic volume: 6.7 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 8.90 g/cm³Crystal structure: Hexagonal

NickelSymbol: NiAtomic number: 28Atomic mass: 58.6934Group: Transition MetalCAS-number: 7440-02-0

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,16,2Orbitals: [Ar] 3d8 4s2

Electronegativity: 1.7, 1.91. Ionization potential: 7.6398 eV2. Ionization potential: 18.168 eV3. Ionization potential: 35.17 eVOxidation states: 3,2,0Electrical conductivity: 0.143 10^6

Melting point: 1453 °C Boiling point: 2913 °C Specific heat: 0.44 J/gKHeat of fusion: 17.470 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 370.40 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.907 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.62 ÅIonic radius: 0.69 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.15 Å

Atomic volume: 6.59 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 8.90 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Face centered

CopperSymbol: CuAtomic number: 29Atomic mass: 63.546Group: Transition MetalCAS-number: 7440-50-8

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,1Orbitals: [Ar] 3d10 4s1

Electronegativity: 1.7, 1.91. Ionization potential: 7.7264 eV2. Ionization potential: 20.292 eV3. Ionization potential: 36.83 eVOxidation states: 2,1Electrical conductivity: 0.596

Melting point: 1083 °C Boiling point: 2567 °C Specific heat: 0.38 J/gKHeat of fusion: 13.050 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 300.30 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 4.01 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.57 ÅIonic radius: 0.73 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.17 Å

Atomic volume: 7.1 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 8.96 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Face centered

10^6

ZincSymbol: ZnAtomic number: 30Atomic mass: 65.39Group: MetalCAS-number: 7440-66-6

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,2Orbitals: [Ar] 3d10 4s2

Electronegativity: 1.7, 1.61. Ionization potential: 9.3941 eV2. Ionization potential: 17.964 eV3. Ionization potential: 39.722 eVOxidation states: 2Electrical conductivity: 0.166 10^6

Melting point: 419.58 °C Boiling point: 907 °C Specific heat: 0.39 J/gKHeat of fusion: 7.322 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 115.30 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 1.16 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.53 ÅIonic radius: 0.74 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.25

ÅAtomic volume: 9.2 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 7.14 g/cm³Crystal structure: Hexagonal

GalliumSymbol: GaAtomic number: 31Atomic mass: 69.723Group: MetalCAS-number: 7440-55-3

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,3Orbitals: [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1

Electronegativity: 1.8, 1.61. Ionization potential: 5.9993 eV2. Ionization potential: 20.51 eV3. Ionization potential: 30.71 eVOxidation states: 3Electrical conductivity: 0.0678 10^6

Melting point: 29.78 °C Boiling point: 2204 °C Specific heat: 0.37 J/gKHeat of fusion: 5.590 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 258.70 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.406 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.81 ÅIonic radius: 0.62 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.26 Å

Atomic volume: 11.8 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 5.907 g/cm³Crystal structure: Orthorhombic

GermaniumSymbol: GeAtomic number: 32Atomic mass: 72.61Group: MetalCAS-number: 7440-56-4

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,4Orbitals: [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2

Electronegativity: 2.0, 1.81. Ionization potential: 7.900 eV2. Ionization potential: 15.934 eV3. Ionization potential: 34.22 eVOxidation states: 4Electrical conductivity: 1.45e-8 10^6

Melting point: 937.4 °C Boiling point: 2830 °C Specific heat: 0.32 J/gKHeat of fusion: 36.940 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 330.90 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.599 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.52 ÅIonic radius: 0.53 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.22 Å

Atomic volume: 13.6 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 5.323 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Face centered

ArsenicSymbol: AsAtomic number: 33Atomic mass: 74.92159Group: Non-MetalCAS-number: 7440-38-2

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,5Orbitals: [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3

Electronegativity: 2.2, 2.01. Ionization potential: 9.8152 eV2. Ionization potential: 18.633 eV3. Ionization potential: 28.351 eVOxidation states: 5,3,-3Electrical conductivity: 0.0345 10^6

Melting point: 817 °C @ 28 atmos.Boiling point: 613 °C Sublimes atSpecific heat: 0.33 J/gKHeat of fusion: -- kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 34.760 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.500 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.33 ÅIonic radius: 0.58 Å ()

Covalent radius: 1.20 ÅAtomic volume: 13.1 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 5.72 g/cm³Crystal structure: Rhombohedral

Selenium

Symbol: SeAtomic number: 34Atomic mass: 78.96Group: Non-MetalCAS-number: 7782-49-2

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,6Orbitals: [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4

Electronegativity: 2.5, 2.41. Ionization potential: 9.7524 eV2. Ionization potential: 21.19 eV3. Ionization potential: 30.82 eVOxidation states: 6,4,-2Electrical conductivity: 1.0e-12 10^6

Melting point: 217 °C Boiling point: 684.9 °C Specific heat: 0.32 J/gKHeat of fusion: 6.694 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 37.70 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.0204 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.22 ÅIonic radius: 0.50 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.16

ÅAtomic volume: 16.45 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 4.79 g/cm³Crystal structure: Hexagonal

BromineSymbol: BrAtomic number: 35Atomic mass: 79.904Group: HalogenCAS-number: 7726-95-6

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,7Orbitals: [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5

Electronegativity: 2.7, 2.81. Ionization potential: 11.8138 eV2. Ionization potential: 21.8 eV3. Ionization potential: 36.0 eVOxidation states: 7,5,3,1,-1Electrical conductivity: --

Melting point: -7.2 °C Boiling point: 58.78 °C Specific heat: 0.473 J/gKHeat of fusion: 5.286 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 15.438 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.00122 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.12 ÅIonic radius: 1.96 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.14 Å

Atomic volume: 25.6 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 3.119 g/cm³Crystal structure: Orthorhombic

KryptonSymbol: Kr

Atomic number: 36Atomic mass: 83.80Group: Noble GasCAS-number: 7439-90-9

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,8Orbitals: [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6

Electronegativity: 2.7, --1. Ionization potential: 13.9996 eV2. Ionization potential: 24.359 eV3. Ionization potential: 36.95 eVOxidation states: 2Electrical conductivity: --

Melting point: -156.6 °C Boiling point: -152.3 °C Specific heat: 0.248 J/gKHeat of fusion: 1.638 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 9.029 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.0000949 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.03 ÅIonic radius: -- Å ()Covalent radius: 1.12 Å

Atomic volume: 38.9 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 0.003708 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Face centered

RubidiumSymbol: RbAtomic number: 37Atomic mass: 85.4678Group: Alkali MetalCAS-number: 7440-17-7

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,8,1Orbitals: [Kr] 5s1

Electronegativity: 0.9, 0.81. Ionization potential: 4.1771 eV2. Ionization potential: 27.28 eV3. Ionization potential: 40.0 eVOxidation states: 1Electrical conductivity: 0.0779 10^6

Melting point: 38.89 °C Boiling point: 686 °C Specific heat: 0.363 J/gKHeat of fusion: 2.192 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 72.216 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.582 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 2.98 ÅIonic radius: 1.61 Å ()Covalent radius: 2.16 Å

Atomic volume: 55.9 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 1.53 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Body centered

StrontiumSymbol: SrAtomic number: 38

Atomic mass: 87.62Group: Alkali Earth MetalCAS-number: 7440-24-6

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,8,2Orbitals: [Kr] 5s2

Electronegativity: 1.0, 1.01. Ionization potential: 5.6948 eV2. Ionization potential: 11.03 eV3. Ionization potential: 43.60 eVOxidation states: 2Electrical conductivity: 0.0762 10^6

Melting point: 769 °C Boiling point: 1384 °C Specific heat: 0.30 J/gKHeat of fusion: 8.30 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 144.0 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.353 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 2.45 ÅIonic radius: 1.26 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.91 Å

Atomic volume: 33.7 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 2.6 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Face centered

YttriumSymbol: YAtomic number: 39Atomic mass: 88.90585Group: Transition MetalCAS-number: 7440-65-5

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,9,2Orbitals: [Kr] 4d1 5s2

Electronegativity: 1.1, 1.21. Ionization potential: 6.217 eV2. Ionization potential: 12.24 eV3. Ionization potential: 20.52 eVOxidation states: 3Electrical conductivity: 0.0166 10^6

Melting point: 1522 °C ±8Boiling point: 3338 °C Specific heat: 0.30 J/gKHeat of fusion: 11.40 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 363.0 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.172 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 2.27 ÅIonic radius: 1.02 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.62

ÅAtomic volume: 19.8 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 4.47 g/cm³Crystal structure: Hexagonal

ZirconiumSymbol: ZrAtomic number: 40Atomic mass: 91.224

Group: Transition MetalCAS-number: 7440-67-7

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,10,2Orbitals: [Kr] 4d2 5s2

Electronegativity: 1.2, 1.41. Ionization potential: 6.6339 eV2. Ionization potential: 13.13 eV3. Ionization potential: 22.99 eVOxidation states: 4Electrical conductivity: 0.0236 10^6

Melting point: 1852 °C ±2Boiling point: 4377 °C Specific heat: 0.27 J/gKHeat of fusion: 16.90 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 58.20 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.227 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 2.16 ÅIonic radius: 0.84 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.45

ÅAtomic volume: 14.1 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 6.4 g/cm³Crystal structure: Hexagonal

NiobiumSymbol: NbAtomic number: 41Atomic mass: 92.90638Group: Transition MetalCAS-number: 7440-03-1

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,12,1Orbitals: [Kr] 4d4 5s1

Electronegativity: 1.2, 1.61. Ionization potential: 6.7589 eV2. Ionization potential: 14.32 eV3. Ionization potential: 25.04 eVOxidation states: 5,3Electrical conductivity: 0.0693 10^6

Melting point: 2468 °C ±10Boiling point: 4742 °C Specific heat: 0.26 J/gKHeat of fusion: 26.40 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 682.0 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.537 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 2.08 ÅIonic radius: 0.64 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.34 Å

Atomic volume: 10.87 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 8.57 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Body centered

MolybdenumSymbol: MoAtomic number: 42Atomic mass: 95.94Group: Transition Metal

CAS-number: 7439-98-7

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,13,1Orbitals: [Kr] 4d5 5s1

Electronegativity: 1.3, 1.81. Ionization potential: 7.0924 eV2. Ionization potential: 16.461 eV3. Ionization potential: 27.16 eVOxidation states: 6,5,4,3,2,0Electrical conductivity: 0.187 10^6

Melting point: 2617 °C Boiling point: 4612 °C Specific heat: 0.25 J/gKHeat of fusion: 32.0 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 598.0 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 1.38 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 2.01 ÅIonic radius: 0.59 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.30 Å

Atomic volume: 9.4 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 10.2 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Body centered

TechnetiumSymbol: TcAtomic number: 43Atomic mass: (97.9072)Group: Transition MetalCAS-number: 7440-26-8

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,13,2Orbitals: [Kr] 4d5 5s2

Electronegativity: 1.4, 1.91. Ionization potential: 7.28 eV2. Ionization potential: 15.26 eV3. Ionization potential: 29.54 eVOxidation states: 7Electrical conductivity: 0.067 10^6

Melting point: 2172 °C Boiling point: 4877 °C Specific heat: 0.21 J/gKHeat of fusion: 24.0 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 660.0 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.506 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.95 ÅIonic radius: -- Å ()Covalent radius: 1.27

ÅAtomic volume: 8.5 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 11.5 g/cm³Crystal structure: Hexagonal

RutheniumSymbol: RuAtomic number: 44Atomic mass: 101.07Group: Transition MetalCAS-number: 7440-18-8

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,15,1Orbitals: [Kr] 4d7 5s1

Electronegativity: 1.4, 2.21. Ionization potential: 7.3605 eV2. Ionization potential: 16.76 eV3. Ionization potential: 28.47 eVOxidation states: 8,6,4,3,2,0,-2Electrical conductivity: 0.137 10^6

Melting point: 2334 °C Boiling point: 4150 °C Specific heat: 0.238 J/gKHeat of fusion: 24.0 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 595.0 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 1.17 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.89 ÅIonic radius: 0.62 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.25

ÅAtomic volume: 8.3 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 12.2 g/cm³Crystal structure: Hexagonal

RhodiumSymbol: RhAtomic number: 45Atomic mass: 102.90550Group: Transition MetalCAS-number: 7440-16-6

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,16,1Orbitals: [Kr] 4d8 5s1

Electronegativity: 1.4, 2.21. Ionization potential: 7.4589 eV2. Ionization potential: 18.08 eV3. Ionization potential: 31.06 eVOxidation states: 5,4,3,1,2,0Electrical conductivity: 0.211 10^6

Melting point: 1966 °C ±3Boiling point: 3695 °C Specific heat: 0.242 J/gKHeat of fusion: 21.50 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 493.0 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 1.50 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.83 ÅIonic radius: 0.67 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.25 Å

Atomic volume: 8.3 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 12.4 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Face centered

PalladiumSymbol: PdAtomic number: 46Atomic mass: 106.42Group: Transition MetalCAS-number: 7440-05-3

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,18Orbitals: [Kr] 4d10

Electronegativity: 1.3, 2.21. Ionization potential: 8.3369 eV2. Ionization potential: 19.63 eV3. Ionization potential: 32.93 eVOxidation states: 4,2,0Electrical conductivity: 0.0950 10^6

Melting point: 1552 °C Boiling point: 2940 °C Specific heat: 0.24 J/gKHeat of fusion: 17.60 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 357.0 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.718 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.79 ÅIonic radius: 0.64 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.28 Å

Atomic volume: 8.9 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 12.02 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Face centered

SilverSymbol: AgAtomic number: 47Atomic mass: 107.8682Group: Transition MetalCAS-number: 7440-22-4

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,18,1Orbitals: [Kr] 4d10 5s1

Electronegativity: 1.4, 1.91. Ionization potential: 7.5762 eV2. Ionization potential: 21.49 eV3. Ionization potential: 34.83 eVOxidation states: 2,1Electrical conductivity: 0.630 10^6

Melting point: 961.93 °C Boiling point: 2162 °C Specific heat: 0.235 J/gKHeat of fusion: 11.30 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 250.580 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 4.29 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.75 ÅIonic radius: 1.15 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.34 Å

Atomic volume: 10.3 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 10.5 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Face centered

CadmiumSymbol: CdAtomic number: 48Atomic mass: 112.411Group: MetalCAS-number: 7440-43-9

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,18,2Orbitals: [Kr] 4d10 5s2

Electronegativity: 1.5, 1.91. Ionization potential: 8.9937 eV2. Ionization potential: 16.908 eV3. Ionization potential: 37.48 eVOxidation states: 2Electrical conductivity: 0.138 10^6

Melting point: 320.9 °C Boiling point: 765 °C Specific heat: 0.23 J/gKHeat of fusion: 6.192 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 99.570 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.968 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.71 ÅIonic radius: 0.95 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.48

ÅAtomic volume: 13.1 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 8.65 g/cm³Crystal structure: Hexagonal

IndiumSymbol: InAtomic number: 49Atomic mass: 114.818Group: MetalCAS-number: 7440-74-6

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,18,3Orbitals: [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1

Electronegativity: 1.5, 1.71. Ionization potential: 5.7864 eV2. Ionization potential: 18.869 eV3. Ionization potential: 28.03 eVOxidation states: 3Electrical conductivity: 0.116 10^6

Melting point: 156.61 °C Boiling point: 2080 °C Specific heat: 0.23 J/gKHeat of fusion: 3.263 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 231.50 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.816 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 2.00 ÅIonic radius: 0.80 Å ()

Covalent radius: 1.44 ÅAtomic volume: 15.7 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 7.31 g/cm³Crystal structure: Tetragonal

TinSymbol: SnAtomic number: 50Atomic mass: 118.710Group: MetalCAS-number: 7440-31-5

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,18,4 Melting point: 231.97 °C Atomic radius: 1.72 Å

Orbitals: [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2

Electronegativity: 1.7, 1.81. Ionization potential: 7.3438 eV2. Ionization potential: 14.632 eV3. Ionization potential: 30.502 eVOxidation states: 4,2Electrical conductivity: 0.0917 10^6

Boiling point: 2602 °C Specific heat: 0.227 J/gKHeat of fusion: 7.029 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 295.80 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.666 W/cmK

Ionic radius: 0.71 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.41 Å

Atomic volume: 16.3 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 7.30 g/cm³Crystal structure: Tetragonal

AntimonySymbol: SbAtomic number: 51Atomic mass: 121.757Group: MetalCAS-number: 7440-36-0

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,18,5Orbitals: [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3

Electronegativity: 1.8, 1.91. Ionization potential: 8.64 eV2. Ionization potential: 16.53 eV3. Ionization potential: 25.30 eVOxidation states: 5,3,-3Electrical conductivity: 0.0288 10^6

Melting point: 630.74 °C Boiling point: 1587 °C Specific heat: 0.21 J/gKHeat of fusion: 19.870 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 77.140 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.243 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.53 ÅIonic radius: 0.76 Å ()

Covalent radius: 1.40 ÅAtomic volume: 18.23 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 6.684 g/cm³Crystal structure: Rhombohedral

TelluriumSymbol: TeAtomic number: 52Atomic mass: 127.60Group: Non-MetalCAS-number: 13494-80-9

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,18,6Orbitals: [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4

Melting point: 449.5 °C Boiling point: 989.9 °C

Atomic radius: 1.42 ÅIonic radius: 0.97 Å ()

Electronegativity: 2.0, 2.11. Ionization potential: 9.0096 eV2. Ionization potential: 18.60 eV3. Ionization potential: 27.96 eVOxidation states: 6,4,-2Electrical conductivity: 2.0e-6 10^6

Specific heat: 0.20 J/gKHeat of fusion: 17.490 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 52.550 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.0235 W/cmK

Covalent radius: 1.36 ÅAtomic volume: 20.5

cm³/molDensity (293 K): 6.24 g/cm³Crystal structure: Hexagonal

IodineSymbol: IAtomic number: 53Atomic mass: 126.90447Group: HalogenCAS-number: 7553-56-2

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,18,7Orbitals: [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5

Electronegativity: 2.2, 2.51. Ionization potential: 10.4513 eV2. Ionization potential: 19.131 eV3. Ionization potential: 33.0 eVOxidation states: 7,5,1,-1Electrical conductivity: 8.0e-16 10^6

Melting point: 113.5 °C Boiling point: 184.35 °C Specific heat: 0.214 J/gKHeat of fusion: 7.824 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 20.752 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.00449 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.32 ÅIonic radius: 2.20 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.33 Å

Atomic volume: 25.74 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 4.93 g/cm³Crystal structure: Orthorhombic

XenonSymbol: XeAtomic number: 54Atomic mass: 131.29Group: Noble GasCAS-number: 7440-63-3

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,18,8Orbitals: [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p6

Electronegativity: 2.2, --

Melting point: -111.9 °C Boiling point: -107.1 °C Specific heat: 0.158 J/gK

Atomic radius: 1.24 ÅIonic radius: -- Å ()Covalent radius: 1.31 Å

1. Ionization potential: 12.1299 eV2. Ionization potential: 21.21 eV3. Ionization potential: 32.10 eVOxidation states: 2,4,6Electrical conductivity: --

Heat of fusion: 2.297 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 12.636 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.0000569 W/cmK

Atomic volume: 37.3 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 0.00588

g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Face centered

CaesiumSymbol: CsAtomic number: 55Atomic mass: 132.90543Group: Alkali MetalCAS-number: 7440-46-2

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,18,8,1Orbitals: [Xe] 6s1

Electronegativity: 0.9, 0.71. Ionization potential: 3.8939 eV2. Ionization potential: 25.10 eV3. Ionization potential: -- eVOxidation states: 1Electrical conductivity: 0.0489 10^6

Melting point: 28.4 °C Boiling point: 669.3 °C Specific heat: 0.24 J/gKHeat of fusion: 2.092 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 67.740 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.359 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 3.34 ÅIonic radius: 1.74 Å ()Covalent radius: 2.35 Å

Atomic volume: 71.07 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 1.873 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Body centered

BariumSymbol: BaAtomic number: 56Atomic mass: 137.327Group: Alkali Earth MetalCAS-number: 7440-39-3

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,18,8,2Orbitals: [Xe] 6s2

Electronegativity: 1.0, 0.91. Ionization potential: 5.2117

Melting point: 725 °C Boiling point: 1897 °C Specific heat: 0.204 J/gKHeat of fusion: 7.750 kJ/mol

Atomic radius: 2.78 ÅIonic radius: 1.42 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.98 ÅAtomic volume: 39.24 cm³/mol

eV2. Ionization potential: 10.004 eV3. Ionization potential: -- eVOxidation states: 2Electrical conductivity: 0.030 10^6

Heat of vaporization: 142.0 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.184 W/cmK

Density (293 K): 3.51 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Body centered

LanthanumSymbol: LaAtomic number: 57Atomic mass: 138.9055Group: LanthanideCAS-number: 7439-91-0

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,18,9,2Orbitals: [Xe] 5d1 6s2

Electronegativity: 1.1, 1.01. Ionization potential: 5.5770 eV2. Ionization potential: 11.059 eV3. Ionization potential: 19.174 eVOxidation states: 3Electrical conductivity: 0.0126 10^6

Melting point: 918 °C Boiling point: 3464 °C Specific heat: 0.19 J/gKHeat of fusion: 6.20 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 414.0 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.135 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 2.74 ÅIonic radius: 1.16 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.69 Å

Atomic volume: 20.73 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 6.7 g/cm³Crystal structure: Hexagonal

CeriumSymbol: CeAtomic number: 58Atomic mass: 140.115Group: LanthanideCAS-number: 7440-45-1

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,20,8,2Orbitals: [Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2

Electronegativity: 1.1, --1. Ionization potential: 5.5387 eV2. Ionization potential: 10.851 eV

Melting point: 798 °C ±3Boiling point: 3433 °C Specific heat: 0.19 J/gKHeat of fusion: 5.460 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 414.0 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.114

Atomic radius: 2.70 ÅIonic radius: 1.14 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.65 ÅAtomic volume: 20.67 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 6.78 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Face centered

3. Ionization potential: 20.20 eVOxidation states: 4,3Electrical conductivity: 0.0115 10^6

W/cmK

PraseodymiumSymbol: PrAtomic number: 59Atomic mass: 140.90765Group: LanthanideCAS-number: 7440-10-0

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,21,8,2Orbitals: [Xe] 4f3 6s2

Electronegativity: 1.1, --1. Ionization potential: 5.464 eV2. Ionization potential: 10.551 eV3. Ionization potential: 21.62 eVOxidation states: 4,3Electrical conductivity: 0.0148 10^6

Melting point: 931 °C Boiling point: 3520 °C Specific heat: 0.19 J/gKHeat of fusion: 6.890 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 296.80 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.125 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 2.67 ÅIonic radius: 1.13 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.65

ÅAtomic volume: 20.8 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 6.77 g/cm³Crystal structure: Hexagonal

NeodymiumSymbol: NdAtomic number: 60Atomic mass: 144.24Group: LanthanideCAS-number: 7440-00-8

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,22,8,2Orbitals: [Xe] 4f4 6s2

Electronegativity: 1.1, --1. Ionization potential: 5.5250 eV2. Ionization potential: 10.727 eV3. Ionization potential: 22.076 eVOxidation states: 3Electrical conductivity: 0.0157 10^6

Melting point: 1021 °C Boiling point: 3074 °C Specific heat: 0.19 J/gKHeat of fusion: 7.140 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 273.0 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.165 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 2.64 ÅIonic radius: -- Å ()Covalent radius: 1.64

ÅAtomic volume: 20.6 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 7.0 g/cm³Crystal structure: Hexagonal

PromethiumSymbol: PmAtomic number: 61Atomic mass: (144.9127)Group: LanthanideCAS-number: 7440-12-2

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,23,8,2Orbitals: [Xe] 4f5 6s2

Electronegativity: 1.1, --1. Ionization potential: 5.55 eV2. Ionization potential: 10.903 eV3. Ionization potential: 22.283 eVOxidation states: 3Electrical conductivity: --

Melting point: 1042 °C Boiling point: 3000 °C (estimated)Specific heat: 0.18 J/gKHeat of fusion: -- kJ/molHeat of vaporization: -- kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.179 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 2.62 ÅIonic radius: 1.09 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.63 Å

Atomic volume: 22.39 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 6.475 g/cm³Crystal structure: Hexagonal

SamariumSymbol: SmAtomic number: 62Atomic mass: 150.36Group: LanthanideCAS-number: 7440-19-9

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,24,8,2Orbitals: [Xe] 4f6 6s2

Electronegativity: 1.1, --1. Ionization potential: 5.6437 eV2. Ionization potential: 11.069 eV3. Ionization potential: 23.423 eVOxidation states: 3,2Electrical conductivity: 0.00956 10^6

Melting point: 1074 °C Boiling point: 1794 °C Specific heat: 0.20 J/gKHeat of fusion: 8.630 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 166.40 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.133 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 2.59 ÅIonic radius: 1.08 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.62 ÅAtomic volume: 19.95

cm³/molDensity (293 K): 7.54 g/cm³Crystal structure: Rhombohedral

EuropiumSymbol: EuAtomic number: 63Atomic mass: 151.965Group: LanthanideCAS-number: 7440-53-1

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,25,8,2Orbitals: [Xe] 4f7 6s2

Electronegativity: 1.0, --1. Ionization potential: 5.6704 eV2. Ionization potential: 11.245 eV3. Ionization potential: 24.926 eVOxidation states: 3,2Electrical conductivity: 0.0112 10^6

Melting point: 822 °C Boiling point: 1527 °C Specific heat: 0.18 J/gKHeat of fusion: 9.210 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 143.50 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.139 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 2.56 ÅIonic radius: 1.07 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.85 Å

Atomic volume: 28.9 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 5.259 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Body centered

GadoliniumSymbol: GdAtomic number: 64Atomic mass: 157.25Group: LanthanideCAS-number: 7440-54-2

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,25,9,2Orbitals: [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2

Electronegativity: 1.1, --1. Ionization potential: 6.1500 eV2. Ionization potential: 12.095 eV3. Ionization potential: 20.635 eVOxidation states: 3Electrical conductivity: 0.00736 10^6

Melting point: 1313 °C Boiling point: 3273 °C Specific heat: 0.23 J/gKHeat of fusion: 10.050 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 359.40 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.106 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 2.54 ÅIonic radius: 1.05 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.61 Å

Atomic volume: 19.9 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 7.895 g/cm³Crystal structure: Hexagonal

TerbiumSymbol: TbAtomic number: 65Atomic mass: 158.92534Group: LanthanideCAS-number: 7440-27-9

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,27,8,2Orbitals: [Xe] 4f9 6s2

Electronegativity: 1.1, --1. Ionization potential: 5.8639 eV2. Ionization potential: 11.525 eV3. Ionization potential: 21.91 eVOxidation states: 4,3Electrical conductivity: 0.00889 10^6

Melting point: 1356 °C Boiling point: 3230 °C Specific heat: 0.18 J/gKHeat of fusion: 10.80 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 330.90 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.111 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 2.51 ÅIonic radius: 1.18 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.59

ÅAtomic volume: 19.2 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 8.27 g/cm³Crystal structure: Hexagonal

DysprosiumSymbol: DyAtomic number: 66Atomic mass: 162.50Group: LanthanideCAS-number: 7429-91-6

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,28,8,2Orbitals: [Xe] 4f10 6s2

Electronegativity: 1.1, --1. Ionization potential: 5.9389 eV2. Ionization potential: 11.67 eV3. Ionization potential: 22.802 eVOxidation states: 3Electrical conductivity: 0.0108 10^6

Melting point: 1412 °C Boiling point: 2567 °C Specific heat: 0.17 J/gKHeat of fusion: 11.060 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 230.0 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.107 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 2.49 ÅIonic radius: 1.03 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.59

ÅAtomic volume: 19.0 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 8.536 g/cm³Crystal structure: Hexagonal

HolmiumSymbol: HoAtomic number: 67Atomic mass: 164.93032Group: LanthanideCAS-number: 7440-60-0

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,29,8,2Orbitals: [Xe] 4f11 6s2

Electronegativity: 1.1, --1. Ionization potential: 6.0216 eV2. Ionization potential: 11.805 eV3. Ionization potential: 22.843 eVOxidation states: 3Electrical conductivity: 0.0124 10^6

Melting point: 1474 °C Boiling point: 2700 °C Specific heat: 0.16 J/gKHeat of fusion: 12.20 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 241.0 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.162 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 2.47 ÅIonic radius: -- Å ()Covalent radius: 1.58

ÅAtomic volume: 18.7 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 8.80 g/cm³Crystal structure: Hexagonal

ErbiumSymbol: ErAtomic number: 68Atomic mass: 167.26Group: LanthanideCAS-number: 7440-52-0

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,30,8,2Orbitals: [Xe] 4f12 6s2

Electronegativity: 1.1, --1. Ionization potential: 6.1078 eV2. Ionization potential: 11.929 eV3. Ionization potential: 22.739 eVOxidation states: 3Electrical conductivity: 0.0117 10^6

Melting point: 1529 °C Boiling point: 2868 °C Specific heat: 0.17 J/gKHeat of fusion: 19.90 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 261.0 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.143 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 2.45 ÅIonic radius: 1.00 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.57

ÅAtomic volume: 18.4 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 9.05 g/cm³Crystal structure: Hexagonal

ThuliumSymbol: TmAtomic number: 69Atomic mass: 168.93421Group: LanthanideCAS-number: 7440-30-4

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,31,8,2Orbitals: [Xe] 4f13 6s2

Electronegativity: 1.1, --1. Ionization potential: 6.1843 eV2. Ionization potential: 12.054 eV3. Ionization potential: 26.367 eVOxidation states: 3,2Electrical conductivity: 0.0150 10^6

Melting point: 1545 °C Boiling point: 1950 °C Specific heat: 0.16 J/gKHeat of fusion: 16.840 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 191.0 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.168 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 2.42 ÅIonic radius: 1.09 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.56

ÅAtomic volume: 18.1 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 9.33 g/cm³Crystal structure: Hexagonal

YtterbiumSymbol: YbAtomic number: 70Atomic mass: 173.04Group: LanthanideCAS-number: 7440-64-4

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,32,8,2Orbitals: [Xe] 4f14 6s2

Electronegativity: 1.1, --1. Ionization potential: 6.2542 eV2. Ionization potential: 12.188 eV3. Ionization potential: 25.03 eVOxidation states: 3,2Electrical conductivity: 0.0351 10^6

Melting point: 819 °C Boiling point: 1196 °C Specific heat: 0.15 J/gKHeat of fusion: 7.660 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 128.90 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.349 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 2.40 ÅIonic radius: 0.99 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.74 Å

Atomic volume: 24.79 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 6.98 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Face centered

Lutetium

Symbol: LuAtomic number: 71Atomic mass: 174.967Group: Transition MetalCAS-number: 7439-94-3

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,32,9,2Orbitals: [Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2

Electronegativity: 1.1, --1. Ionization potential: 5.4259 eV2. Ionization potential: 13.888 eV3. Ionization potential: 20.957 eVOxidation states: 3Electrical conductivity: 0.0185 10^6

Melting point: 1663 °C Boiling point: 3402 °C Specific heat: 0.15 J/gKHeat of fusion: 18.60 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 355.90 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.164 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 2.25 ÅIonic radius: 0.98 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.56 Å

Atomic volume: 17.78 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 9.85 g/cm³Crystal structure: Hexagonal

HafniumSymbol: HfAtomic number: 72Atomic mass: 178.49Group: Transition MetalCAS-number: 7440-58-6

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,32,10,2Orbitals: [Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2

Electronegativity: 1.2, 1.31. Ionization potential: 6.8251 eV2. Ionization potential: 14.925 eV3. Ionization potential: 23.32 eVOxidation states: 4Electrical conductivity: 0.0312 10^6

Melting point: 2227 °C Boiling point: 4602 °C Specific heat: 0.14 J/gKHeat of fusion: 24.060 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 575.0 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.230 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 2.16 ÅIonic radius: 0.83 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.44

ÅAtomic volume: 13.6 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 13.2 g/cm³Crystal structure: Hexagonal

TantalumSymbol: Ta

Atomic number: 73Atomic mass: 180.9479Group: Transition MetalCAS-number: 7440-25-7

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,32,11,2Orbitals: [Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2

Electronegativity: 1.3, 1.51. Ionization potential: 7.89 eV2. Ionization potential: -- eV3. Ionization potential: -- eVOxidation states: 5Electrical conductivity: 0.0761 10^6

Melting point: 2996 °C Boiling point: 5425 °C ±100Specific heat: 0.14 J/gKHeat of fusion: 31.60 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 743.0 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.575 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 2.09 ÅIonic radius: 0.64 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.34 Å

Atomic volume: 10.90 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 16.6 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Body centered

TungstenSymbol: WAtomic number: 74Atomic mass: 183.84Group: Transition MetalCAS-number: 7440-33-7

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,32,12,2Orbitals: [Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2

Electronegativity: 1.4, 1.71. Ionization potential: 7.98 eV2. Ionization potential: -- eV3. Ionization potential: -- eVOxidation states: 6,5,4,3,2,0Electrical conductivity: 0.189 10^6

Melting point: 3410 °C ±20Boiling point: 5660 °C Specific heat: 0.13 J/gKHeat of fusion: 35.40 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 824.0 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 1.74 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 2.02 ÅIonic radius: 0.60 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.30 Å

Atomic volume: 9.53 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 19.3 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Body centered

RheniumSymbol: ReAtomic number: 75

Atomic mass: 186.207Group: Transition MetalCAS-number: 7440-15-5

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,32,13,2Orbitals: [Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2

Electronegativity: 1.5, 1.91. Ionization potential: 7.88 eV2. Ionization potential: -- eV3. Ionization potential: -- eVOxidation states: 7,6,4,2,-1Electrical conductivity: 0.0542 10^6

Melting point: 3180 °C Boiling point: 5627 °C (estimated)Specific heat: 0.13 J/gKHeat of fusion: 33.20 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 715.0 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.479 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.97 ÅIonic radius: 0.53 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.28

ÅAtomic volume: 8.85 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 21.0 g/cm³Crystal structure: Hexagonal

OsmiumSymbol: OsAtomic number: 76Atomic mass: 190.23Group: Transition MetalCAS-number: 7440-04-2

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,32,14,2Orbitals: [Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2

Electronegativity: 1.5, 2.21. Ionization potential: 8.7 eV2. Ionization potential: -- eV3. Ionization potential: -- eVOxidation states: 8,6,4,3,2,0,-2Electrical conductivity: 0.109 10^6

Melting point: 3054 °C Boiling point: 5027 °C Specific heat: 0.13 J/gKHeat of fusion: 31.80 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 746.0 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.876 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.92 ÅIonic radius: 0.63 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.26

ÅAtomic volume: 8.49 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 22.40 g/cm³Crystal structure: Hexagonal

IridiumSymbol: IrAtomic number: 77Atomic mass: 192.22

Group: Transition MetalCAS-number: 7439-88-5

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,32,15,2Orbitals: [Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2

Electronegativity: 1.5, 2.21. Ionization potential: 9.1 eV2. Ionization potential: -- eV3. Ionization potential: -- eVOxidation states: 6,4,3,2,1,0,-1Electrical conductivity: 0.197 10^6

Melting point: 2410 °C Boiling point: 4130 °C Specific heat: 0.130 J/gKHeat of fusion: 26.10 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 604.0 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 1.47 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.87 ÅIonic radius: 0.63 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.27 Å

Atomic volume: 8.54 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 22.42 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Face centered

PlatinumSymbol: PtAtomic number: 78Atomic mass: 195.08Group: Transition MetalCAS-number: 7440-06-4

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,32,17,1Orbitals: [Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1

Electronegativity: 1.4, 2.21. Ionization potential: 9.0 eV2. Ionization potential: 18.563 eV3. Ionization potential: -- eVOxidation states: 4,2,0Electrical conductivity: 0.0966 10^6

Melting point: 1772 °C Boiling point: 3827 °C Specific heat: 0.13 J/gKHeat of fusion: 19.60 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 510.0 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.716 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.83 ÅIonic radius: 0.63 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.30 Å

Atomic volume: 9.10 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 21.45 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Face centered

GoldSymbol: AuAtomic number: 79Atomic mass: 196.96654Group: Transition Metal

CAS-number: 7440-57-5

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,32,18,1Orbitals: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1

Electronegativity: 1.4, 2.41. Ionization potential: 9.2257 eV2. Ionization potential: 20.521 eV3. Ionization potential: -- eVOxidation states: 3,1Electrical conductivity: 0.452 10^6

Melting point: 1064.43 °C Boiling point: 2808 °C Specific heat: 0.128 J/gKHeat of fusion: 12.550 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 334.40 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 3.17 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.79 ÅIonic radius: 0.85 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.34 Å

Atomic volume: 10.2 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 19.32 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Face centered

MercurySymbol: HgAtomic number: 80Atomic mass: 200.59Group: MetalCAS-number: 7439-97-6

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,32,18,2Orbitals: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2

Electronegativity: 1.4, 1.91. Ionization potential: 10.4375 eV2. Ionization potential: 18.759 eV3. Ionization potential: 34.202 eVOxidation states: 2,1Electrical conductivity: 0.0104 10^6

Melting point: -38.87 °C Boiling point: 356.58 °C Specific heat: 0.139 J/gKHeat of fusion: 2.295 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 59.229 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.0834 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.76 ÅIonic radius: 1.02 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.49 ÅAtomic volume: 14.82

cm³/molDensity (293 K): 13.546 g/cm³Crystal structure: Rhombohedral

ThalliumSymbol: TlAtomic number: 81Atomic mass: 204.3833Group: MetalCAS-number: 7440-28-0

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,32,18,3Orbitals: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1

Electronegativity: 1.4, 1.81. Ionization potential: 6.1083 eV2. Ionization potential: 20.428 eV3. Ionization potential: 29.829 eVOxidation states: 3,1Electrical conductivity: 0.0617 10^6

Melting point: 303.5 °C Boiling point: 1457 °C ±10Specific heat: 0.13 J/gKHeat of fusion: 4.142 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 164.10 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.461 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 2.08 ÅIonic radius: 1.59 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.48

ÅAtomic volume: 17.2 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 11.85 g/cm³Crystal structure: Hexagonal

LeadSymbol: PbAtomic number: 82Atomic mass: 207.2Group: MetalCAS-number: 7439-92-1

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,32,18,4Orbitals: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2

Electronegativity: 1.6, 1.91. Ionization potential: 7.4167 eV2. Ionization potential: 15.028 eV3. Ionization potential: 31.943 eVOxidation states: 4,2Electrical conductivity: 0.0481 10^6

Melting point: 327.502 °C Boiling point: 1740 °C Specific heat: 0.13 J/gKHeat of fusion: 4.799 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 177.70 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.353 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.81 ÅIonic radius: 1.19 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.47 Å

Atomic volume: 18.17 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 11.34 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Face centered

BismuthSymbol: BiAtomic number: 83Atomic mass: 208.98037Group: MetalCAS-number: 7440-69-9

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,32,18,5Orbitals: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3

Electronegativity: 1.7, 1.91. Ionization potential: 7.289 eV2. Ionization potential: 16.687 eV3. Ionization potential: 25.559 eVOxidation states: 5,3Electrical conductivity: 0.00867 10^6

Melting point: 271.3 °C Boiling point: 1560 °C ±5Specific heat: 0.12 J/gKHeat of fusion: 11.30 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 104.80 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.0787 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.63 ÅIonic radius: 1.03 Å ()

Covalent radius: 1.46 ÅAtomic volume: 21.3 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 9.8 g/cm³Crystal structure: Rhombohedral

PoloniumSymbol: PoAtomic number: 84Atomic mass: (208.9824)Group: MetalCAS-number: 7440-08-6

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,32,18,6Orbitals: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4

Electronegativity: 1.8, 2.01. Ionization potential: 8.4167 eV2. Ionization potential: -- eV3. Ionization potential: -- eVOxidation states: 6,4,2Electrical conductivity: 0.0219 10^6

Melting point: 254 °C Boiling point: 962 °C Specific heat: 0.12 J/gKHeat of fusion: -- kJ/molHeat of vaporization: -- kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.20 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.53 ÅIonic radius: -- Å ()Covalent radius: 1.46 Å

Atomic volume: 22.23 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 9.4 g/cm³Crystal structure: Monoclinic

AstatineSymbol: AtAtomic number: 85Atomic mass: (209.9871)Group: HalogenCAS-number: 7440-68-8

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric data

Shells: 2,8,18,32,18,7Orbitals: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p5

Electronegativity: 2.0, 2.21. Ionization potential: 9.5 eV2. Ionization potential: -- eV3. Ionization potential: -- eVOxidation states: 7,5,3,1,-1Electrical conductivity: --

Melting point: 302 °C Boiling point: 337 °C Specific heat: -- J/gKHeat of fusion: -- kJ/molHeat of vaporization: -- kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.017 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.43 ÅIonic radius: -- Å ()

Covalent radius: 1.45 ÅAtomic volume: -- cm³/molDensity (293 K): -- g/cm³Crystal structure: --

RadonSymbol: RnAtomic number: 86Atomic mass: (222.0176)Group: Noble GasCAS-number: 10043-92-2

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,32,18,8Orbitals: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6

Electronegativity: 2.06, --1. Ionization potential: 10.7485 eV2. Ionization potential: -- eV3. Ionization potential: -- eVOxidation states: 2Electrical conductivity: --

Melting point: -71 °C Boiling point: -61.8 °C Specific heat: 0.09 J/gKHeat of fusion: 2.890 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 16.40 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.0000364 W/cmK

Atomic radius: 1.34 ÅIonic radius: -- Å ()Covalent radius: -- Å

Atomic volume: 50.5 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 0.00973 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Face centered

FranciumSymbol: FrAtomic number: 87Atomic mass: (223.0197)Group: Alkali MetalCAS-number: 7440-73-5

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,32,18,8,1 Melting point: 27 °C Atomic radius: -- Å

Orbitals: [Rn] 7s1

Electronegativity: 0.9, 0.71. Ionization potential: -- eV2. Ionization potential: -- eV3. Ionization potential: -- eVOxidation states: 1Electrical conductivity: 0.03 10^6

Boiling point: 677 °C Specific heat: -- J/gKHeat of fusion: -- kJ/molHeat of vaporization: -- kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.15 W/cmK

Ionic radius: -- Å ()Covalent radius: -- ÅAtomic volume: -- cm³/mol

Density (293 K): -- g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Body centered

RadiumSymbol: RaAtomic number: 88Atomic mass: (226.0254)Group: Alkali Earth MetalCAS-number: 7440-14-4

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,32,18,8,2Orbitals: [Rn] 7s2

Electronegativity: 1.0, 0.91. Ionization potential: 5.2789 eV2. Ionization potential: 10.148 eV3. Ionization potential: -- eVOxidation states: 2Electrical conductivity: --

Melting point: 700 °C Boiling point: 1140 °C Specific heat: 0.12 J/gKHeat of fusion: -- kJ/molHeat of vaporization: -- kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.186 W/cmK

Atomic radius: -- ÅIonic radius: 1.62 Å ()Covalent radius: -- Å

Atomic volume: 45.20 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 5 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Body centered

ActiniumSymbol: AcAtomic number: 89Atomic mass: (227.0278)Group: ActinideCAS-number: 7440-34-8

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,32,18,9,2Orbitals: [Rn] 6d1 7s2

Electronegativity: 1.0, --

Melting point: 1050 °C Boiling point: 3200 °C ±300Specific heat: -- J/gK

Atomic radius: -- ÅIonic radius: -- Å ()Covalent radius: -- Å

1. Ionization potential: 5.17 eV2. Ionization potential: 12.126 eV3. Ionization potential: -- eVOxidation states: 3Electrical conductivity: --

Heat of fusion: -- kJ/molHeat of vaporization: -- kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.12 W/cmK

Atomic volume: 22.54 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 10.07 g/cm³

Crystal structure: Cubic: Face centered

ThoriumSymbol: ThAtomic number: 90Atomic mass: 232.0381Group: ActinideCAS-number: 7440-29-1

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,32,18,10,2Orbitals: [Rn] 6d2 7s2

Electronegativity: 1.1, --1. Ionization potential: 6.08 eV2. Ionization potential: 11.504 eV3. Ionization potential: 20.003 eVOxidation states: 4Electrical conductivity: 0.0653 10^6

Melting point: 1750 °C Boiling point: 4000 °C Specific heat: 0.12 J/gKHeat of fusion: 16.10 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 514.40 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.540 W/cmK

Atomic radius: -- ÅIonic radius: 1.05 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.65 Å

Atomic volume: 19.9 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 11.7 g/cm³Crystal structure: Cubic: Face centered

ProtactiniumSymbol: PaAtomic number: 91Atomic mass: 231.03588Group: ActinideCAS-number: 7440-13-3

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,32,20,9,2Orbitals: [Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2

Electronegativity: 1.1, --1. Ionization potential: 5.89 eV2. Ionization potential: -- eV

Melting point: 1600 °C Boiling point: -- °C Specific heat: 0.12 J/gKHeat of fusion: 12.30 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: -- kJ/mol

Atomic radius: -- ÅIonic radius: -- Å ()Covalent radius: -- ÅAtomic volume: 15.0 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 15.4 g/cm³

3. Ionization potential: -- eVOxidation states: 5,4Electrical conductivity: 0.0529 10^6

Thermal conductivity: 0.47 W/cmK

Crystal structure: Orthorhombic

UraniumSymbol: UAtomic number: 92Atomic mass: 238.0289Group: ActinideCAS-number: 7440-61-1

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,32,21,9,2Orbitals: [Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2

Electronegativity: 1.2, --1. Ionization potential: 6.1941 eV2. Ionization potential: -- eV3. Ionization potential: -- eVOxidation states: 6,5,4,3Electrical conductivity: 0.0380 10^6

Melting point: 1132 °C Boiling point: 3818 °C Specific heat: 0.12 J/gKHeat of fusion: 8.520 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 477.0 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.276 W/cmK

Atomic radius: -- ÅIonic radius: 0.81 Å ()Covalent radius: 1.42 Å

Atomic volume: 12.59 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 18.9 g/cm³Crystal structure: Orthorhombic

NeptuniumSymbol: NpAtomic number: 93Atomic mass: (237.0482)Group: ActinideCAS-number: 7439-99-8

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,32,22,9,2Orbitals: [Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2

Electronegativity: 1.2, --1. Ionization potential: 6.2657 eV2. Ionization potential: -- eV3. Ionization potential: -- eV

Melting point: 640 °C Boiling point: 3902 °C Specific heat: 0.12 J/gKHeat of fusion: 5.190 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: -- kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.063

Atomic radius: -- ÅIonic radius: -- Å ()Covalent radius: -- ÅAtomic volume: 11.62 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 20.45 g/cm³

Oxidation states: 6,5,4,3Electrical conductivity: 0.00822 10^6

W/cmK Crystal structure: Orthorhombic

PlutoniumSymbol: PuAtomic number: 94Atomic mass: (244.0642)Group: ActinideCAS-number: 7440-07-5

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric dataShells: 2,8,18,32,24,8,2Orbitals: [Rn] 5f6 7s2

Electronegativity: 1.2, --1. Ionization potential: 6.06 eV2. Ionization potential: -- eV3. Ionization potential: -- eVOxidation states: 6,5,4,3Electrical conductivity: 0.00666 10^6

Melting point: 641 °C Boiling point: 3232 °C Specific heat: 0.13 J/gKHeat of fusion: 2.840 kJ/molHeat of vaporization: 344.0 kJ/molThermal conductivity: 0.0674 W/cmK

Atomic radius: -- ÅIonic radius: -- Å ()Covalent radius: -- Å

Atomic volume: 12.32 cm³/molDensity (293 K): 19.8 g/cm³Crystal structure: Monoclinic