Periodic table

Group 13

• The general trend down Group 13 is from non-metallic to metallic character. Boron is a non-metal with a covalent network structure. The other elements are considerably larger than boron and consequently are more ionic and metallic in character. Aluminium has a close-packed metallic structure but is on the borderline between ionic and covalent character in its compounds. The remainder of Group 13 are generally considered to be metals, although some compounds exhibit covalent characteristics

Group 14• Group 14 the elements change from non-metallic in character at the

top of the Group to metallic at the bottom. Carbon is a non-metal, silicon and germanium are metalloids, and tin and lead are typical metals. The general reactivity of the Group as a whole is therefore

difficult to ascertain, and the reactivity of each element must be considered individually.

• Carbon exists in two important allotropic

Elements family13&14

• group 13 /The Boron Family contains the semi-metal Boron (B) and metals Aluminum (Al), Gallium (Ga), Indium (In), and Thallium (Tl). Group 14/The carbon family consists of carbon, silicon, germanium, tin and lead.

Go down the periodic table from carbon to find the elements in group 14, the carbon family.

Characteristics in group 13Are metallic (metals) except boron Soft and have low melting points except boron Chemically reactive at moderate temperatures except boron is a metalloid

Characteristics in group 14

•The carbon family consists of one nonmetal (carbon), two metalloids (silicon and germanium) and two metals (tin and lead). •The carbon family elements have widely variable physical and chemical properties.

•The carbon family elements tend to be fairly unreactive.

•The elements tend to form covalent compounds, though tin and lead also form ionic compounds.

•Carbon family elements exist free in nature and in compounds

Thing that are made up of these element