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![Page 1: Period 1 Groups 321 Carlos Chris Vinnesh Kevin K Anthony B Jenny 6 Matthew Anthony J Kyle James Shubham Sonia 5 Giada Kevin Q Dinora Natalia Angela Solayman.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110103/56649f575503460f94c7bc79/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Period 1 Groups
3 2 1
CarlosChrisVinneshKevin KAnthony BJenny
6
MatthewAnthony JKyleJamesShubhamSonia
5
GiadaKevin QDinoraNataliaAngelaSolayman
4
JahleekComfortMilcaryFanRougi
ChristinaRichardTylerJubaerTatianaOloic
TatianaAlexisCaimaoArturoJustinJean
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Period 2 Groups3SyedToriannDamiLeonJennifer
2MichelleRandolfGabrielKevinLeslie
1MahamMyahJosephCamilaYonghaoJaybrien
6VivanoHao YeeSharonArielJason
5JonathanJeffereyDaffaChristopherLuisAngelo
4ArutroCristianPaolaJohnnyGiovannaWinnie
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Unit 1
Foundations of Government
Core Democratic Values
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Aim: How does Government work?
• Do Now: Take a copy of the prepared notes
• 1. Fill in any and all information that you know
• 2. Generate 3-4 questions based on the notes and AIM
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What do you know about your government?
1. A.Who is the President of the United States?b.Where is he from?
c. What party is he from?
• Who is the Vice President of the United States?
• How many people are in the Senate?
• Who are the senators from NY?
• How many representatives are in the HOR?
• Can you name one HOR – representative from our area?
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• Wouldn’t it be possible for all Americans to live as they choose with total freedom and without a government establishing limits on our individual freedoms?
• Do we as society need rules and regulations?
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State of Nature• No government or laws
• 2 theories on state of nature–Thomas Hobbes argued that there
would be chaos and war, people need structure to survive
–John Locke argued that there would be peace, but people want to be joined to better themselves
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HOBBES LOCKE
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•Whose theory do you agree with? Why?
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Government
• Institution that enforces public policies
• Organizes a community around common goals and cultures
• Join people to live together in peace• They develop through family
connections and conquering
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The Purpose of Government
• 1. Offers protection
• 2. Maintains order
• 3. Resolve conflicts
• 4. Stabilize economy
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• List three things you would expect your government to give you
• And three things you would give to your government
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Aim: How are government structured?
• Do Now:
1.What is the purpose of government?
2. Is there anything that the government does that was not listed in yesterday’s lesson? Explain
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Forms of government• Unitary –Local government only has
powers given to them by the federal government, limited and can be changed or eliminated
• Confederation –Weak central government with almost al of the power in the hands of local governments
• Federal Government – powers divided between central and local governments
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Who Rules?
• Democracy – people rule– Direct Democracy: Each citizen
votes directly on issues and may either hold office or make policy
– Representative Democracy: A small number of citizens are elected to serve as representatives.
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Who Rules?
• Oligarchy – elite class of rulers, small group– Aristocracy- rule by the finest. 18th
century France would be an example
– Political Party- usually rule by the “communist Party”. Cuba would be a modern example
– Theocracy - Iran would be a modern example
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Who Rules?
• Autocracy – one person holds unlimited power– Monarchy
– Dictatorship
– Ex. North Korea
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• What are some advantages of an autocracy over a democracy?
• A democracy over an autocracy?
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Division of Powers in Gov’t
• Parliamentary – executive branch has a Prime Minister and a cabinet who are responsible to legislature
• Presidential – executive and legislative branch are separated, equal, and independent
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What’s the difference between the
Presidential and Parliamentary
governments?
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• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FDS1OHk7Lf8
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Aim: How did our government develop?
• Do Now: Define – democracy
• HW: pg 32 # 13,14
• Pg 60 # 19,20,23,24
• All due FRIDAY
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Locke’s Ideas
• Limited Government- government powers restricted and individuals’ rights protected
• Representative government – people choose representatives in gov’t
• Natural Rights – life, liberty,property
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Locke’s Ideas
• Consent of the Governed – we have laws and government because we as a society agree to give up freedom in exchange for protection
• If the gov’t does not do its job, then we have the right and the obligation to overthrow the government and create a new one
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AIM: How did the Declaration of Independence lay the
foundation for US government?
• Do Now: Sit in your groups from yesterday and take out your Declaration of Independent handout and Primary source
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Declaration of Independence
• 3 parts
• Theory on Gov’t
• List of grievances
• Announcement of freedom
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Aim: Did the Articles of Confederation create a
successful government?
• Do Now: How should the country be organized after the War?
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1FBmW0oni6M
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Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation
• Unicameral Congress.• No executive branch.• Few powers given to national
government.• Congress was elected by the state
legislatures.• Congress had no power to
regulate trade.• Congress had no power to coin
money.• Congress had no power to
establish armed forces.
Strengths of the Federal Constitution
• Bicameral Congress.• President given power to enforce
laws.• Congress elected by the people
(Senate after Amendment 17)• Simple majority needed to pass
laws.• Congress given power to collect
taxes.• Congress given power to coin
money.• Congress given power to forms
army and navy for national defense.
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Constitutional Convention
When/Where/Who
Why
•September 1787
•Congress met for a Constitutional Convention
•Articles of Confederation were not working•A stronger central government was needed
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Debates After the Articles• Compromises on
– Representation (Great Compromise)
– and Slavery (3/5 Compromise)
• Federalists – strong Nat’l gov’t, favor new constitution (Federalist Papers)
• Anti-Federalists – strong state govt, opposed Constitution, feared a strong central gov’t (wanted Bill of Rights)
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• Federalists – strong Nat’l gov’t, favor creating new constitution
–Federalist Papers – Alexander Hamilton
• Anti-Federalists – strong states, opposed Constitution, feared a strong central gov’t
–Added the Bill of Rights
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Constitutional Convention
They created the
U.S. Constitution
A written plan for the structure of the U.S. government.
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Aim: How was the Constitution an improvement on the Articles
of Confederation?• Do Now: Please close read the article “Are college students really adults?”
• Write a response to the author—Do you agree/disagree?
• Feel free to make a T chart to write down which parts of the argument you agree/disagree with
• Make note whether your argument is moral or legal
• Annotate so you can refer back to the text
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AIM: How does the constitution limit the powers of the
government?• Do Now: take both handouts—Levels of
Government/Checks and Balances and Democrats may block vote on Iran Deal
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Period 4
Group 3BrandonBryanJhonathanHashmatNiomieNallelly
Group 2SydneyAlisaAaronAnysaTarundeepArhum
Group 1DeniseDavonne BAngelikaMisaelNikita
Group 6 Group 5KhrystinQuovadisCarlaGersonIsabellaEzekielMarcus
Group 4JohanDavon MByronShameerTeshiJoseDavon C
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About the Constitution • describes the structure of the government
and the rights of the American people.• No law may be passed that contradicts its
principles• no person, or the government, is exempt
from following it.• "supreme law of the land".
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About the Constitution
The Constitution is organized into three parts:• 1. Preamble describes the purpose of the document
and government• 2. Articles establish how the government is
structured and how the Constitution can be changed. There are seven articles
• 3. Amendments changes to the Constitution; the first ten are called the Bill of Rights
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Principles of Constitution
1. Popular Sovereignty
2. Separation of Powers
3. Checks and Balances
4. Limited Government
5. Federalism
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1.Popular Sovereignty
• People Rule
• People’s choice
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2.Separation of Powers
• Powers in government are divided between the 3 branches
• Executive – enforces the laws
• Legislative – makes the laws
• Judicial – interprets the laws
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Legislative Branch• Created in Article I
• Congress is the lawmaking branch
• Made up of 2 houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives
Powers of the Legislative
Branch
• Makes the laws• Confirms presidential
appointments• Approves treaties• Grants money• Declares war
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Executive Branch• Created in Article II
• Executes the country’s laws
• Headed by the President
Powers of the Executive Branch
• Proposes laws• Approves or vetoes laws• Administers and executes
the laws• Commands the armed
forced• Appoints ambassadors,
federal judges and others• Conducts foreign policy• Makes treaties
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Judicial Branch• Created in Article III• Interprets laws and
punishes lawbreakers• Supreme Court is the
head of the judicial branch
Powers of the Judicial Branch
• Interprets the Constitution and other laws
• Reviews lower court decisions
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3.Checks and Balances
• System by which one branch checks the other
• This prevents one branch from becoming too powerful or abusing their power
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Executive checks
• Congress• Veto laws• Recommend
laws• Appoint federal
officials• Negotiate
treaties
• Court
• Grant pardons
• Appoint judges
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Legislative checks
• Executive• Override veto• Reject treaties• Impeach• Reject pres.
Appointments• Reject treaties
• Court
• Propose amendments to overturn court decision
• Reject pres. appointments
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Judicial checks
• Executive
• Decide if pres. Actions are constitutional
• Interpret treaties
• Congress
• Decide if laws are constitutional
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Checks and Balances
• Is this system necessary?
• Does this system slow down the process of government?
• Does one branch seem to have more power than the others?
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Aim: Who has the power in American government?
• Do Now: take out your handouts on Federalism and the 3 branches
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4. Limited Government
• Restrict the power of the government
• individuals’ rights protected
• Less is more
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5.Federalism
• How power is divided between national, state and local governments–Delegated powers – national
government–Reserved powers – state
governments–Concurrent powers – both national
and state
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Federalism
The division of power between the national government and the governments of the 50
states.
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Delegated/Enumerated Powers
National Government
• Give the federal government strength to protect and serve the country.
• -Coin money• -Declare war• -Admit new states• -Establish armed
forces• -Regulate patents and
copyrights• -Regulate foreign trade
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Concurrent Powers Both National and
State Governments
Held by both state and federal governments
• -Collect taxes
• -Enforce laws
• -Borrow money
• -Establish courts
• -Provide for the general welfare
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Reserved Powers
State Governments
Kept for the states to manage their own affairs and to
balance the power of the federal government.
• -Regulate intrastate commerce (trade)
• -Conduct elections• -Incorporate businesses• -Voter qualifications• -Establish local governments• -Regulate school• -Conduct Elections• -Establish marriage laws• -Assume powers not given to
the national government and not denied to the states
• -Protect the health, safety and welfare of the people.
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Aim: How does the Constitution define our rights?
Constitution Scavenger hunt
•In groups of 4
•Find the items on your list in the Constitution
•Make sure to write down which part of the constitution they are in
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• Which of these things do you believe should have been included in the Constitution? Why?
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Aim: Has the Constitution set reasonable goals for the U.S.?
• Do Now: Define – federalism
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The Constitutional Preamble
Outlines the goals of the government that it created
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Goals of the Preamble
What it means
Where it is found in
the Constitutio
nWe the people of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect union
To create a better
government than that
provided by the Articles
of Confederatio
n
By creating a policy making
executive branch and by
giving Congress the power to tax,
the new Constitution avoided the
worst difficulties of the Articles of Confederation
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Goals of the Preamble
What it means
Where it is found in
the Constitutio
nEstablish Justice To make laws
and establish a fair court
system
The Constitution created the
U.S. Supreme court and the
judiciary Act of 1789 created the rest of the federal court
system
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Goals of the Preamble
What it means
Where it is found in
the Constitutio
nInsure Domestic
tranquilityTo maintain
law and order at home
The federal government shares with
state governments
the task of maintaining
law and order at home.
Together they are responsible
for enforcing laws.
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Goals of the Preamble
What it means
Where it is found in
the Constitutio
nProvide for the
common defense
To protect the nationagainst its enemies
The Constitution authorized Congress to
create an army and a navy.
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Goals of the Preamble
What it means
Where it is found in
the Constitutio
nPromote the
general welfareTo ensure the well
being of the entire
population
Over time, the U.S.
government has given all citizens the
right to vote.
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Goals of the Preamble
What it means
Where it is found in
the Constitutio
nAnd secure the
blessings of liberty to
ourselves and to our posterity
To safeguard people’s personal freedom
The Bill of Rights
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Goals of the Preamble
What it means
Where it is found in
the Constitutio
nDo ordain and establish this
Constitution for the United States of America.
Create this form of
government for the
country.
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Rank these rights
privacy voteTrial ReligionTravel freely SpeechSelf-incrimination PressBear Arms Cruel and unusual punishmentLegal counselAssemble peacefully
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Aim: How does the Bill of Rights define our rights?
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The Bill of RightsThe 1st Ten Amendments
to the Constitution
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The First Amendment5 Protected Freedoms
• Freedom of Speech• Freedom of Religion • Freedom of the
Press• Freedom of
Assembly• Right to petition the
governmenthttp://thedailyshow.cc.com/videos/iu6be8/the-correspondents-explain---amendments---the-1st-amendment
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2nd AmendmentRight to bear arms
• “A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to bear arms shall not be infringed.”http://thedailyshow.cc.com/videos/0h2gdn/the-correspondents-explain---ame
ndments---the-2nd-amendment
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What is the debate with the right to bear arms?
• How much can the government keep guns from criminals and youth?
• In order to keep guns away from criminals, does that limit the right of law abiding citizens?
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3rd Amendment• The
Government cannot force
you to shelter soldiers in your home without
your consent in time of war or
peace.
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Rights of the Accused
Amendments #4-8Important to preserve freedom
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4th Amendment• What does a
policeman need in order to search your home? – A warrant
given to him by a judge
– Probable cause is also needed
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5th Amendment• You cannot be tried for the same crime
twice—called “Double Jeopardy”• You do not have to testify against your
self. “I plead the fifth”• You must have due process of law
before you are convicted• The government cannot take your land
unless it pays. (eminent domain)
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6th Amendment•Right to
speedy trial by impartial jury—meaning not favoring either side
http://thedailyshow.cc.com/videos/uha0rs/the-correspondents-explain---amendments---the-6th-amendment
• You must be told of charges
• You must be provided a lawyer if you cannot afford one
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7th Amendment• Allows a jury trial in
Civil Cases when the amount disputed is more than $20.
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8th Amendment• No
excessive bail
• No cruel and unusual punishment
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Process for Amending the Constitution
•Action by Congress or Convention
(2/3 of Congress)
•Ratification by the states
(3/4 of States)
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Eleventh Amendment (1795)
Clarifies judicial power over foreign nationals, and limits ability of
citizens to sue states in federal courts and under federal law.
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Twelfth Amendment (1804)
Changes the method of presidential elections so that members of the electoral college cast separate ballots for president and vice
president
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Thirteenth Amendment (1865)
Abolishes slavery and grants Congress power to enforce abolition.
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Fourteenth Amendment (1868):
Defines United States citizenship; prohibits states from abridging citizens' privileges or immunities
and right to due process and the equal protection of the law; repeals the three-fifths
compromise.
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Fifteenth Amendment (1870)
Prohibits the federal government and the states from using a citizen's
race, color, or previous status as a slave as a qualification for voting.
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Sixteenth Amendment (1913)
Authorizes unapportioned federal taxes on income.
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Seventeenth Amendment (1913)
Establishes direct election of senators.
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Eighteenth Amendment (1919)
Prohibited the manufacturing, importing, and
exporting of beverage alcohol.
Repealed by the Twenty-First Amendment.
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Nineteenth Amendment (1920)
Prohibits the federal government and the states from using a citizen's sex
as a qualification for voting
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Twentieth Amendment (1933)
Changes details of Congressional and presidential terms and of presidential succession.
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Twenty-first Amendment (1933)
Repeals Eighteenth Amendment but permits states to retain prohibition and ban the importation of alcohol.
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Twenty-second Amendment (1951)
Limits president to two terms.
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Twenty-third Amendment (1961)
Grants presidential electors to the District of Columbia.
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Twenty-fourth Amendment (1964)
Prohibits the federal government and the states from requiring the payment of a tax as a qualification for voting for federal officials.
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Twenty-fifth Amendment (1967)
Changes details of presidential succession, provides for temporary removal of president, and provides
for replacement of the vice president.
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Twenty-sixth Amendment (1971)
Prohibits the federal government and the states from using an age
greater than 18 as a qualification to vote.
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Twenty-seventh Amendment (1992)
Limits congressional pay raises.
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•Constitution Search
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Aim: What do I need to know for the Test?
• HW: Study for Exam # 1