TOPIC:PERI URBANISATION

SUBJECT: UNDERSTANDING THE INDIAN CITIES

SUBMITTED BY: PADAMATIKONA SWAPNIKA, 153710006, MUDD 2ND

SEM, FOA, MIT

DEFINATION:

Peri-urbanisation relates to those processes of dispersive urban growth that creates hybrid landscapes of fragmented

urban and rural characteristics

Examples are:

Outskirts or hinterland at the surrounding areas of city

Rurban space

Landscape/area between rural and urban areas

Rural-urban transition zone

ORIGIN:

The expression originates from the French word périurbanisation, which is even used by INSEE (the French statistics

agency) to describe spaces—between the city and the countryside—that are shaped by the urbanisation of former rural

areas in the urban fringe, both in a qualitative (e.g. diffusion of urban lifestyle) and in a quantitative (e.g. new

residential zones) sense

WHAT IS PERI URBAN?

The peri-urban is the area between urban settlement areas and their rural hinterland. Larger peri-urban areas can

include towns and villages within an urban agglomeration. Such areas are often fast changing, with complex patterns

of land use and landscape, fragmented between local or regional boundaries.

WHY THE PERI-URBAN?

The peri-urban – the space around urban areas which merges into the rural landscape – is growing rapidly. There is

about 48,000 km2 of built development in peri-urban areas, almost equal to that in urban areas. But while most urban

areas are now slow growing (at 0.5-0.6% per year), built development in peri-urban areas is growing at four times this

rate.

There are many impacts of such rapid expansion. In many cases the result is sprawl, with increasing problems of

social segregation, urban decline, wasted land, and dependency on oil for transport. However, there are examples of

alternatives, with opportunities for improved quality of life, green infrastructure, better linkages between city and

countryside, and more sustainable urban and rural development.

How to avoid the sprawl and achieve the opportunities in europe? A wide range of trends, projections and policy

responses have been investigated by PLUREL, an Integrated Project under the EU’s 6th Framework Programme (EC

FP6 036921). Emerging from this is a set of recommendations for policy.

Overall, the challenges of the peri-urban need to be addressed at the wider strategic level of the surrounding ‘rural-

urban region’. This requires more effective local government, alongside new forms of social enterprise and

cooperation, for ‘integrated development’ (i.e. ‘joined-up policy’) in the rural-urban region.

KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PERIURBANIZATION PROCESS, PARTICULARLY IN

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, INCLUDE:

Changing economic structure, encompassing a shift from an agriculturally based to a manufacturing

dominated economy

Changing employment structure, shifting from agriculture to manufacturing

Rapid population growth and urbanization, a phenomenon often not captured in official data because the

populations of peri urban regions tend to be significantly undercounted—in many countries, immigrants do

not officially register as local residents. Many peri urban areas, furthermore, are still defined as rural,

contributing significantly to an undercount of the urban population.

Changing spatial development patterns and rising land costs.

FACTS ON PERI-URBANISATION:

Today, peri urban have the same amount of built up land as in urban areas, only differing is in population

density. Population in peri urban areas are half less densely populated than in urban areas

There is a real risk of increasing urban sprawl: The growth of built development of peri-urban areas will be up

to 3.7 times as high as in European urban areas.

European-wide projections of built development in peri-urban areas are for 1.4 – 2.5% per annum – if such

trends continue. Total built development in peri-urban areas could double between 2040 – 2060.

Similar modelling on the impacts of urbanisation show that land fragmentation, loss of habitats and amenity

values will all be more serious in the peri-urban than today.

Meanwhile, the peri-urban is also a place of innovation and increasing employment in the service and IT

sectors: 25% of peri-urban regions are classified as ‘highly innovative’..

CONCLUSION:

Peri urban areas are at the forefront of social, economic, and built environment change worldwide. They are

also disproportionately important in terms of population, economic growth, and as arenas of social change.

Most of the world’s rural to urban land conversion will occur in these areas over the next 25 years, with

significant environmental implications. Rapid population and economic growth, in the face of rural oriented,

low capacity, and fragmented peri urban local governments, will result in significant stresses in terms of the

delivery of social and environmental services, transportation infrastructure, etc. At the same time, if in-

migration to these regions exceeds employment creation, hyper urbanization will occur, with its associated

human suffering and destabilizing impacts.

Although peri urban issues and drivers exhibit similarities throughout the world, outcomes vary widely. This

variation is to a large extent, dependent on policy frameworks, competencies of local and senior

governments, and the ability of households, civil society, and the private sector to adapt.

Peri urban regions are the site of ladders of opportunity, offering entry level jobs in manufacturing industries,

and are critical to national economic performance. Thus there is a need for researchers and policy makers to

substantially improve their understanding of these regions. Given that Latin America is essentially fully

urbanized, and that strong extended urban region economies are unlikely to emerge in Africa for several

decades, and FDI and expansion of manufacturing in Southeast Asia is in relative decline, China will be the

main focus of peri urbanization over the next two decades. It is estimated that close to 200 million people will

be added to China’s peri urban areas over the next 25 years. Obviously the stakes, in terms of getting policy

frameworks right to guide peri urbanization, are high, especially in China

REFERENCES:

http://www.eolss.net/eolsssamplechapters/c14/e1-18-02/e1-18-02-txt.aspx

http://www.plurel.net/images/peri_urbanisation_in_europe_printversion.pdf

http://rga.revues.org/index132.html

http://rdgs.dk/djg/pdfs/111/1/DJG_1-2011_WEB_59-72.pdf

http://zbmed.fiz-karlsruhe.de/pubman/item/escidoc:55024:3/component/escidoc:55021/b349342f-dcbb-46ed-b047-b8f5d3280e27.pdf