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Performance – the right frame for improving access to rural water supply?
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Transcript of Performance – the right frame for improving access to rural water supply?
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Performance – the right frame for improving access to rural water
supply?
Liquid Dynamics Symposium
Katharina Welle, STEPS/SPRU
23 March 2011
1
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CONCEPTUAL BACKGROUNDPart I
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Framing
Framings as...What is the origin of macchiato in Ethiopia?
• “metaphors that guide both analysis and action” (Rein & Schoen, 1996)
• Boundaries that include and exclude issues in defining a problem and the solution to it (Mansfield & Haas 2006; Levidow et al 1997)
• Power relations in the context of framing
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Framing access to water supply
use
drinking, domestic activities,
wider livelihood activities
socio-political
controlling access,
responsibilities for managing
access
economic
efficient management
affordability
time
gaining, maintaining
access
technical
quantity, quality, distance
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CASE STUDY: FRAMING OF ACCESS TO RURAL WATER SUPPLY IN ETHIOPIA
Part II
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Performance-Based Monitoring (PBM) in Ethiopia
• Concept originated from the private sector
• Introduced in government during the 1980s
• In International Development, PBM embedded in the Aid Effectiveness Agenda
• In Ethiopia, sector reforms towards PBM for water supply sanitation and hygiene ongoing in 2011
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Formal Institutions’ framings ofaccess to rural water supply
Definitions of access to rural water supply
Joint Monitoring Programme 20 litres /person/ day, 1km./30 min, WHO quality
Ministry of Water and Energy 15 litres /person/ day, 1.5 km., WHO quality
Woreda Water Office 15 litres /person/ day, 1.5 km., WHO quality
7
use
drinking, domestic activities,
wider livelihood activities
socio-political
controlling access,
responsibilities for managing
access
economic
efficient management
affordability
time
gaining, maintaining
access
technical
quantity, quality, distance
![Page 8: Performance – the right frame for improving access to rural water supply?](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032419/55a415731a28abd91a8b4832/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Estimates of access to rural water supply
Estimates of access to rural water supply in Mole kebele, June 2011
Joint Monitoring Programme
not available
Ministry of Water and Energy
94%
Woreda Water Office 63%
People of Mole kebele 1 household, 1 church
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Mirab Abaya, SNNP Region, Ethiopia
• 81,608 inhabitants
• Partly highlands, partly lowlands
• More densely populated in lowlands, more water supply schemes in lowlands
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Mole Kebele, Mirab Abaya
Population:
4,264 according to health extension workers
5,885 according to CSA projection for 2002
Water supply schemes:
1 Borehole (+ 1 Under Constr)
3 Hand Dug Wells
=> Access coverage between 70% and 94%
Scheme Potentially served
3 HPs 810 (270x3)
1 BH 3313 (3313x1)
Total 4123
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Water supply, Mole kebele, Mirab Abaya, Ethiopia
China
MoleUgayu
Water point
Water Point 1
Water Point 2
HPChurch
Zacharias
HP
ShefeRiver
School
TeachersHP
WB WASH
Donkey Carts
WVE
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Issues related to access at Hand Pumps
• Non-functionality
• Water quality issues
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Issues related to access, Mole China BH
ChinaBono 1 Bono 2
ZachariasSchool
Teachers
China BH
• No service for Ugayo kebelesince 1986/7
• Opening hours; fuel & pump issues, waiting time
• Supervisors manipulate queuing
• Pump operator sells water illegally
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Impact on access to water in Mole Kebele
• Users get water from all sources but everyone prefers the borehole
• All people fetch water from all available schemes, with long waiting hours, need to employ alternative strategies
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Issues around access from the perspective of Mole kebele residents
use
drinking, domestic activities,
wider livelihood activities
socio-political
controlling access,
responsibilities for managing
access
economic
efficient management
affordability
time
gaining, maintaining
access
technical
quantity, quality, distance