Performance Testing of Green Initiating Explosives -...
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Performance Testing of Green Initiating Explosives
04/07/2005NDIA Fuze Conference
Author: Neha MehtaRDECOM
Chemical Engineer
Co-Authors:Gartung Cheng - RDECOMBobby Lateer - RDECOM
Carl Hu – RDECOMEmily Cordaro – RDECOMTheodore Dolch - RDECOMDr. Michael Hiskey – LANL
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Introduction
• Current issues with an intermediate charge, primary initiating explosives are:– No Lead Azide production in the US– Environmentally hazardous
• Initiated a program to develop new lead free primary initiating explosives for the production of “green” detonators.
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Program Objectives
– Produce Green initiating explosives.
– Replace Lead Azide, intermediate charge, in detonators.
– Reduce soldiers’, workers’ and the environment’s exposures to lead.
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Traditional Detonator
Cup
Lead Styphnate
Output Charge (RDX, HMX)
Transfer Charge –
Lead Azide
+ _
NOL- 130 (14 mg)
Lead Azide (51 mg)
RDX(18 mg)
Stab Detonator Electric Detonator
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Stab Detonator
NOL- 130 (14 mg)
Green Material
RDX or EDF(18 mg)
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Issues Benefits
• Lead-Free Material– Environmentally safe– Reduce exposure of
lead – health, safety
• No Lead Azide production in the US
• Hazardous– Environmental– Health
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End Items Impacted
• Detonators– Stab
• M55• M59• M61
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Compounds tested for Green Detonator
• di-sodium Tetrakis (nitrotetrazolato) - di (aquo) Nickel (II)
• di-sodium tetrakis (nitrotetrazolato) - di (aquo) Iron (II)
• di-sodium tetrakis (nitrotetrazolato) - di (aquo) Copper (II)
• sodium tris - aquotris - nitrotetrazolato Cobalt
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ERL Impact Sensitivity Test
• All 4 organic compounds are Impact Sensitive at 12cm
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Ball Drop M55 HolderTest Setup
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M55 Detonator – Ball Drop Test# NOL-130
(mg)Lead Azide
(mg)Organic
(mg)RDX (mg)
EDF (mg)
Comments
1 14 51 - 18 - Original M55 Detonator
5 14 25 - 34 - Go, but RDX did not go high order from 25mg of LA
6 14 25 - - 34 GO, same output as Original M55 Detonator
7 14 - 20 - 18 GO
8 10-12 20 18-27 GO
2 50 - 14 - - GO
3 14 - 40 9 - GO
4 14 - 30 12 - GO
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Pressure – M55 cups# NOL-130
(psi)Lead Azide
(psi)Organic
(psi)RDX (psi)
EDF (psi)
Detonator Type
1 70,000 10,000 - 15,000 - Original M55
5 70,000 - 26,410 - 26,410 NOL-130/Green/EDF
6 70,000 - 54,707 - 54,707 NOL-130/Green/EDF
7 70,000 - 68,265 - 68,265 NOL-130/Green/EDF
2 70,000 - 10,000 15,000 - NOL-130/Green/RDX
3 70,000 - 10,000 - 15,000 NOL-130/Green/EDF
4 70,000 - 15,000 - 15,000 NOL-130/Green/EDF
Higher the pressure, higher the density – better output
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M55 Detonator Ball Drop witness plates
NOL-130/LA/RDX NOL-130/LA/EDF Original M55
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M55 Detonator Ball Drop witness plates
• Replace LA with Organic compounds
RDX EDF Original M55
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Conclusions
• M55 detonator loaded with NOL-130 as the initiating charge and organic compounds as the intermediate charge and RDX, CL-20 or both materials as the secondary energetics were successfully functioned.
• 25 mg of LA with EDF gives high order reaction while 25 mg of LA with RDX will not.
• Dents produce by M55 Detonator using EDF and RDX as a secondary explosive, EDF gives 25% more output compared to RDX.
• Down selected to one organic compound from four compounds.• Higher the pressure, higher the density – better output.• Increasing EDF weight and reducing organic compound might give us
better output.• Identified additional initiating materials for testing.
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Future Work
• Optimize weights of stab mix, transfer charge and output charge.
• Optimize Pressure conditions.