PERFORMANCE OF AGRICULTURE EXTENSION AGENTS IN IMPLEMENTING LOCAL REGULATION NO 7 YEAR 2009 ABOUT...

8/17/2019 PERFORMANCE OF AGRICULTURE EXTENSION AGENTS IN IMPLEMENTING LOCAL REGULATION NO 7 YEAR 2009 ABO…

1/12

Prosiding Internasional Conference on Malaysia-Indonesia Relation Persidangan

Antarabangsa Hubungan Malaysia-Indonesia (PAHMI) 23-25 September 2014, ISBN : 978-

979-3185-11-8. http://repository.unri.ac.id/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1234567 89/6567/ cover2

.PDF?sequence=11


2/12




.PDF?sequence=12


3/12




.PDF?sequence=13

PERFORMANCE OF AGRICULTURE EXTENSION AGENTS IN IMPLEMENTINGLOCAL REGULATION NO 7 YEAR 2009 ABOUT LICENSE OF RICE FIELDS

CONVERSION TO NON AGRICULTURAL FIELDS IN

EAST OGAN KOMERING ULU DISTRICT

by:

Munajat 1

1Agriculture Lecturer of Agribusiness Studies Program of Baturaja University

Address: Jln. Ratu Penghulu No. 02301 Phone. (0735) 326122, fax (0735) 321822,

HP. 087796966234 Karang Sari, Baturaja, South Sumatera

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

The purposes of this study were to analyze the performance of extension agriculture agents in

implementing local regulations of East OKU District No. 7 year 2009 about conversion of

rice field to non-agricultural field and to determine the effectiveness of the extension method

based on the media in delivering regulation above. The research method was survey method.

The researcher used multistage purposive sampling. The data was analized by using

discriminate, and descriptive analysis. The number of respondents of this study was 160

respondents. They were farmers of 4 districts as a central area of the rice plantation, 8

Villages, and 8 agents. The results showed that there were four variables categorized asrespondents in assessing the agents’ performance (good and bad) in implementing local

regulations No. 7 year 2009, they were: awareness of task (Sig = 0.05), Competency of local

Regulation No. 7 Year 2009 (sig = 0.01), working duration as agents (sig = 0.15),

communication competency (sig = 0.15), and social competency (sig = 0.10). While, the

effectiveness of extension methods used in socialization the local regulation No. 7 Year 2009

were: oral media in form of meetings with farmer directly (47%), Printed media was local

newspapers (23%), and radio (30%).

Keyword: agricultural extension agents, field cconversion, local regulations, performance.

RESEARCHER BIOGRAPHY

Dr. Munajat, SP, M.Si was born in Tanjung Jati, On February 15 th

1973. The author is a lecturer at the Baturaja University, academic

grade is lector III/d in Agribusiness Studies Program (agriculture social

economics) Agriculture Faculty, Baturaja University. He was Sarjana

Pertanian (SP) in Sriwijaya University Agriculture Faculty,

Agriculture Social Economics Department, and continuing his study

to get Master Science (S2) in 2000-2002 in sriwijaya university, then

completing the Doctoral degree (S3), Division of Agricultural Sciences, Agribusiness Field

Studies, UNSRI in 2012. Writer is active as a speaker in many scientific lectures andregional, national and international seminars. He is a facilitator training in a variety of


4/12




.PDF?sequence=14

community development or empowerment and active in organizations both fields of science(PERHEPI) and social organization.

BACKGROUND

Agricultural Extension is a learning process for the main agent (agricultural activities

agents) and businesses agent, so they are willing and able to help and organize themselves in

accessing market information, technology, capital, and other resources, in an effort to

improve productivity, business efficiency, income, and welfare, and improve awareness in

environment conservation, such as described in UU RI No. 16 years 2006 stated that the

agricultural extension system is a whole range of development capabilities, knowledge, skills

and the main agents attitudes (agricultural activities agents) and entrepreneurs through

counseling (Anonymous, 2003).

Further Wahjuti (2006) said that a good instructor should have the elements that

constitute a unity. The elements of communication at least have three elements, they are: 1).

source / sender, 2). message, 3). receiver. Because the process of agricultural extension can

be done by using variety of methods, techniques and media, it increases the communication

element 4). channel. In addition, the process of communication in agricultural extension is

expected to have an impact as much as possible.

The primary role of extension agents in many countries in the past was seen as a

transfer of technology from the agents to farmers. Now, the role of counseling is seen as a

process to help farmers to make their own decisions by adding the options for them, and help

them to develop insights about each consequence of the options. So, the purpose of the

extension program is to change the farmers who are able to make the decision to change

farming. That Changing is the most important goal in education instructor,


5/12




.PDF?sequence=15

The main task of agricultural extension agents is conducting activities Started by

preparation, implementation and evaluation. With communication functions that deliver /

disseminate information, broaden horizons to create a conducive atmosphere to change,

increasing aspirations, teaching competence, improve farmers' motivation and initiative. So it

cannot be denied to the present agricultural extension field agents is still a cornerstone and

mainstay of farmers as agricultural information sources (Ministry of Agriculture, 2004).

Likewise in socialization the policies in the laws and local regulations, agricultural extension

field agents have a very strategic role in implementing the policies’ objectives and that

regulation.

Various kinds cases of conversion agricultural field to non-agriculture in Indonesia,

the fact, the changing of the broad of agricultural land worse, based on the data from

Department of Agriculture and Horticulture, South Sumatra Province in Pusvita (2012),

showed that along 2008 to 2009, the extent of rice field South Sumatra was reduced 17 922

hectares. in 2011 was also a reduction 4,991 hectares convert into rubber plantations.

Meanwhile, according Munajat (2014), there are 20 sub-districts in East OKU

District, the growth of rice field convert to plantation in East Ogan Komering Ulu district

occur in almost every sub-districts Martapura, Bunga Mayang, BP Peliung, East

Semendawai, East Madang Buay, BP Bangsa Raja, Belitang Madang raya, Belitang, Belitang

Jaya, Belitang III, Belitang II, Belitang Mulya, Semendawai suku III and Buay Madang.

While, the field conversion does not occur in Sub Jaya Pura, Madang suku II, madang suku

III, Madang suku I, East Semendawai and Cempaka.

Associated with many uncontrolled land conversion, the government gave UU no. 41

in 2009 about the protection of agricultural land and sustainable district level, Government of


6/12




.PDF?sequence=16

East OKU District with legislatures East OKU District made local Regulations East Ulu

Ogan district No. 7 of 2009 on December 12th, 2009 to tighten permit conversion of rice field

to non-agricultural field. Based on that regulations, it is necessary to implement the

agricultural extension field agents to inform and socialize to the farmers.

Both central and local government policy is to secure national and regional food.

Therefore, all policy in the form of rules, either UU or the regulations which relate to the

agricultural sector have strong association with socialization and implementation on the field.

that it cannot be separated from the performance of agricultural extension field agent.

East Ogan Komering Ulu (East OKU) is the center of the rice area in South Sumatera

Province. East OKU district land has potential as the most extensive land for rice farming in

irrigation technical pattern. East OKU district is not only a rice supplier to South Sumatra

Province but also a large supplier for Lampung Province where East Oku district directly

adjacent to Lampung province.

In this case, this research aims to analyze the performance of Agricultural Extension

Agents in implementing local regulations of East OKU District No. 7 in 2009 about the

conversion rice field to non-agricultural field, and to determine the effectiveness of extension

methods based on the media in delivering the local regulation to farmers in East OKU

District.

METHODS

This study was conducted in four sub-districts at East Ogan Komering Ulu District,

the research was conducted from September to December 2013. Research method was used a

survey method, and used multistage purposive sampling with respondent determination

consisted of 4 sub-districts had the highest wetland areas, then selected 8 villages which also


7/12




.PDF?sequence=17

had the highest wetland area, and every village had 1 Agricultural Extension field Agents,

and then to answer the second goals, the reseracher took a 20 farmers in each village as a

sample so that the sample consisted of 160 farmers (Table 1).

Table 1. Subsistrict, Village, Agents, and farmers as sampel

No Sub-Districts Villages Agents Farmers

1

2

3

4

Buaymadang

Buaymadang Timur

Belitang I

Belitang III

Eling-eling

Tanjung SariSrikatonRawa bening

BedilanPujorahayu

KutosariRinginsari

1

111

11

11

20

202020

2020

2020

Total 4 Subdistrict 4 Villages 8 Agents 160 Farmers

While the data analyzing methods used to answer the first goal of discriminant analysis was

used as follows:

D = β0 + β3LBP +β2KPD +β1KTT + β4KDB +β5KIS + ε ............................. (1)

where:

D = discriminant form of performance of agricultural extension field agents

(0 = bad and 1 = good)

Summit= Awareness of task

(3: very good 2: good, 1: bad, 0 = very bad)

KPD = Competency of Local Regulation No. 7 year 2009


LBP = Length of working as an agents (years)

KDB = communication Competency(3: very good 2: good, 1: bad, 0 = very bad)

KIS = Social Competency


β0 = Intercept

βi = coefficient

ε = Standard error

To answer the second goal analyzed by quantitative descriptive approach.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION


8/12




.PDF?sequence=18

Local Regulation of East Ogan Komering Ulu No. 7 year 2009 about license of

convertion rice field to non agricultural field needed to be socialized. Thus, the performance

of agricultural extension field agents was one of the factors that determine the success in

implementing local regulation above. Agricultural extension field agent was most effective

institution in implementing government policies related to agriculture.

This case may be due because there was intensive communication between farmers

and the agents every week. The agents gave knowledge, and motivation in the form of insight

and the latest information about agriculture. Actually related the conversion rice field as food

commodities to non-food commodities, it was necessary to evaluate the performance of

agricultural extension agents in East OKU District, South Sumatera.

Performance Agricultural Extension Agents

According to the Ban and Hawkin (2012), systematically agricultural extension agents

are part of a process that help farmers analyze their problems situation and make estimates of

future farmers plan, as it also helps sensitize farmers against the problem. Because of that it

was necessary needs agriculture extension agents who capable and have a good performance

in socializing, realizing or implementing Local Regulation East OKU District No. 7 year

2009 about convert rice field to non agriculture field in East OKU District, that is the latest

the nation, state and local problem to achieve self-sufficiency in food.

Based on the analysis in answering the first goal which was to implement the local

regulation of East OKU District No. 7 year 2009 about convert rice field to non-agriculture

field in East OKU District by using discriminant analysis (analyzed by using SPSS) obtained

several outputs: 1) case prosessing summary, showed that all data amounts to 120 samples

were valid, no one rejected. 2) group statistics, the output informed that the performance of


9/12




.PDF?sequence=19

the agents which consisted of awareness of the task, the competence of the local Regulation

No. 7 year 2009, long served as agent and communication competence and social interaction

competence were divided into two groups of performance measures (0 = bad and 1 = good).

3) Wilks' Lamda, the information was obtained Chi-Square value of 101.240 and a significant

figure of 0.000 so that the results were significant at α = 0.01 or 1%. This meant that there

were significant differences between the two categories of performance extension agents,

they were good and bad performance, as following Table 2.

Table 2 Output of computer Wilks' Lamda performance of agricultural extension agents

Test of Function (s) Wilks’Lamda Chi-square Df Sig

1 .436 120.240 3 .000

Meanwhile, 4) Structure Matrix, computer output which was obtained in the analysis

indicated that the discriminant function equation became:

D = 1,265 + 1,762LBP +0,860KPD + 3,163KTT + 0,525KDB+ 1,496KIS .................... (2)

Based on the equation (1) showed that the sign of the coefficient of the five

independent variable above, all showed that signs was as expected or similar with the existing

theory, of the sensitivity coefficients without regard to sign (+) or (-) indicated that awareness

of the task was the most sensitive variable followed by long served as agent, social

competence, the competence of local regulation No. 7 year 2009, and the last was

communication competence variable.

Furthermore, when viewed from the level of significance of the results obtained

showed that all independent variables were significant, where the variable awareness of the

task was significant at α = 0.05, the competence of local Regulation no. 7 year 2009 was

significant at α = 0.01, long served as agent was significant at α = 0.15, competence in


10/12




.PDF?sequence=110

communication was significant at α = 0.15 and variable competence social was significant at

α = 0.10.

Table 3 the Average and coefficient of performance extension agents’ variable

Variable AverageGood performance Bad Performance

VariableCooefisient

KTTKPDLBP

KDBKIS

2,417 3,2715,430 5,1616,901 2,749

2,112 3,1703,651 2,529

3,1630,8601,762

0,5251,496

Further, the quantities of average from five independent variable based on the

evaluation of the performance agricultural extension agents in the form of good and bad

categories had described in Table 3. Based on scores obtained showed that the average of

good performance value were KPD, LBP and KDB, they got value greater than the average

score bad performance value, while the average of the KTT and KIS scores higher than

average scores good performance.

Effectiveness of extension methods

In implementing local regulations or new matters related to the issue of agricultural,

extension methods played an important role in achieving the desired results. Such as in

implementing the local Regulation of East OKU District No. 7 Year 2009 about license

covert rice field to non-agricultural field, it was required an effective method where the effect

was expected that the massage could be understood and followed by the rice farmers in the

East OKU District.

According to analysis conducted on 160 farmers showed that respondents verbal

media better and more pleasure in the form of counseling that directly faced farmer as much

as 47 %. The Respondents reason of this option because with this method the farmer more

flexibile to interact. In getting more clarification or giving the unclear explanation. On the


11/12




.PDF?sequence=111

other side, the respondents more believe about information conveyed by direct extension

methods to a farmer or farmer groups.

Furthermore, the effectiveness of the extension method used in socialization local

regulation of East OKU District No. 7 year 2009 after direct extension was radio as much as

by 30 %, followed by the latest media that printed media such as local newspapers as much as

23%. As a reason why the effectiveness of print media such as local newspapers was very

low, this is because there were many (47 %) of the farmers who had the age about 58 to 71

years old who couldnot read and write, in addition was the lack of respondent acces to the

local newspaper.

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

Based on the result and discussion, so the conclusion of this research were:

1.

From the sign of the coefficient of the five independent variables, all showed that all the

signs were as expected or similar with the existing theory.

2. From the sensitivity coefficients without regard to sign (+) or (-) indicates that awareness

of the task was the most sensitive variable followed by long served as a agent, social

competence, the competence of the regulation no 7 Year 2009, and the last was

communication competence variable.

3.

level of significance of the results obtained showed that all independent variables were

significant where the variable awareness of the task was significant at α = 0.05, the

competence of the Regional Regulation no. 7 year 2009 was significant at α = 0.01, long

served as agent was significant at α = 0.15, competence in communication was

significant at α = 0.15 and variable competence social interaction was significant at α =

0.10.


12/12




.PDF?sequence=112

4.

The effectiveness of extension methods used in socialization local regulation of East

OKU District No. 7 The year 2009 was an oral media in the form of direct meetings,

faced farmer groups by 47 %, the printed media such as local newspapers was 23 % and

radio was 30%.

While suggestions of this study were:

1. Further studies should be conducted with the involvement of stakeholders agricultural

extension field agents, so not only agents and farmers who need to be examined by using

a more complex analysis, the AHP analysis.

2.

Need further studies to look for an alternative solution-based business in order to

increase the rice farmers income without converting existing ricefield

3. Need the urge to constantly improve the agent knowledge and insigh of agricultural

extension field agent.

REFERENCES

Anonymous. (2003). Pedoman Umum Pemilihan Metoda Penyuluhan Pertanian. Badan PSDMP.Departemen Pertanian: Jakarta.

Ban, A.W & Hawkins. (2012). Penyuluhan Pertanian. Kanisius: Yogyakarta.Departemen Pertanian. 2004. Dasar Dasar Penyuluhan Pertanian.

(Online) http:// www. Pustaka . deptan.go.id. Accessed on May 24th 2014.

Munajat. (2014). Perilaku Petani dalam Alih Fungsi Lahan dan Pertumbuhan Alih Fungsi Lahan

(Studi Kasus Lahan Sawah ke Lahan Perkebunan Karet) di Sentra Produksi Padi KabupatenOKU Timur . Bogor. Internasional Conference dan Konferensi Nasional XVII PERHEPI.

Pusvita, E. (2012). Analisis Keeratan Hubungan Pendapatan Petani Setelah Melakukan Alih Fungsi Lahan Sawah ke Tanaman Karet dengan Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pendapatan di Desa Nusaraya Kecamatan Belitang III Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Timur . Unpublishedthesis.

Wahjuti, U. (2006). Metoda dan Teknik Penyuluhan Pertanian. UT: Jakarta.

PERFORMANCE OF AGRICULTURE EXTENSION AGENTS IN IMPLEMENTING LOCAL REGULATION NO 7 YEAR 2009 ABOUT...

Documents

Transcript of PERFORMANCE OF AGRICULTURE EXTENSION AGENTS IN IMPLEMENTING LOCAL REGULATION NO 7 YEAR 2009 ABOUT...