Performance Metrics for Commercial Buildings KM Fowler and N Wang MP Deru and RL Romero Pacific Northwest National Laboratory National Renewable Energy Laboratory September 2010 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Building Technologies under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington 99352

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Acknowledgements

The metrics included in this document were initially based on the Whole Building Cost and Performance Measurement: Data Collection Protocol funded by the Department of Energy’s (DOE) Federal Energy Management Program and the Procedure for Measuring and Reporting Commercial Building Energy Performance funded by the DOE Office of Building Technologies. Jerome Lam, Office of Building Technologies, guided this project to include a more detailed set of performance metrics that could be used by commercial building owners and operators. Kim Fowler and Nora Wang of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory collaborated with Michael Deru and Rachel Romero of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory to develop this peer reviewed set of performance metrics. Other PNNL personnel involved with the preparation of this set of performance metrics include Emily Rauch and Jordan Henderson.

The following group of external technical experts was used to refine the performance metrics so that they would be useable for commercial building owners and operators:

Cathy Turner Dave Hunt Energy Performance Metrics Operations & Maintenance Metrics New Buildings Institute Pacific Northwest National Laboratory John Nangle John Carmondy Carbon Footprint Metrics Water & Sustainability Metrics National Renewable Energy Laboratory University of Minnesota Molly McCabe Dru Crawley Financial Metrics Energy Metrics Hayden Tanner, LLC Bentley Systems, Incorporated

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Table of Contents

Acknowledgements ……………………………………………………………………………………. i

Overview ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1

Energy Metrics …………………………………………………………………………………………… 2

Water Metrics ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 4

Operations and Maintenance Metrics ………………………………………………………… 5

Indoor Environmental Quality Metrics ……………………………………………………….. 6

Purchasing, Waste and Recycling Metrics …………………………………………………… 7

Transportation Metrics ………………………………………………………………………………. 9

Building Features ………………………………………………………………………………………. 10

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Overview

Commercial building owners and operators have requested a standard set of key performance metrics to provide a systematic way to evaluate the performance of their buildings. The performance metrics included in this document provide standard metrics for the energy, water, operations and maintenance, indoor environmental quality, purchasing, waste and recycling and transportation impact of their building. The metrics can be used for comparative performance analysis between existing buildings and industry standards to clarify the impact of sustainably designed and operated buildings. The building features can be used to normalize the building performance metrics for comparative analysis. A companion document titled Assessing Sustainability: Protocol to Measuring Building Performance provides the details on how to apply the metrics to a specific commercial building.

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Reporting Frequency:

M= Monthly

A= Annually

S= Spot Measurement

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