Performance Analysis of The Compression Ignition Engine...

Abstract—India is one of the fastest growing economic of the

world. The seventy percent population of India leaves in villages. To

get the uniform development in whole country, there is a demand of

electric power in cities as well as in villages especially in hill areas.

Electric power is the need to maintain the growth of any country.

There is a shortage of electric power especially in rural area of

India. In commissioning of electric power transmission line, there is

a lot of problem especially in hill rural area. So in order to overcome

the problem of supply of electric power in hills of rural area, author

forced to work in this area.

Karanja Biodiesel was produced as per Indian standard. In the

laboratory calorific value and specific gravity were tested. Karanja

biodiesel added with additive ethyl ether as a fuel were used to run

the single cylinder 4-stroke,7.4 Kw C.I engine coupled with electric

generator capacity of 7.5 KVA to produce the electricity power in

the range of 1.5kW to 5 kW. Fuel consumption of Compression

Ignition engine coupled with generator were recorded for no loading,

1.5 kW, 3kW to 5 kW. Overall efficiency of the engine used petro

diesel is higher than the karanja biodiesel and karanja biodiesel

used with additives. It is concluded that by using additive di ethyl

ether in karanja biodiesel, the fuel consumption of the fuel decreases

on the same loading condition.

Keywords— Karanja, Biodiesel, Electric power generator, ,

Overall efficiency.

I. MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

Following materials and equipments were used.

A. Electric generator set coupled with compression ignition

engine

Single Cylinder 4-Stroke, 7.4 Kw, 1500rpm of kirloskar

compression ignition engine coupled with electric generator

of 7.5 KVA, PF-0.8, RPM-1500 and 50Hz of Eurogen Italy

was used to produce the electric power. The schematic

diagram of engine generator set up is shown in fig.1.1.

B. Karanja Biodiesel

V.Sahni Department of Mechanical Engineering SLIET

Longowal,Sangrur,Punjab,India.

Seeds of Karanja were collected from the SLIET Longowal

campus and biodiesel was produced by using the

transesterification reaction in the thermal laboratory of

mechanical engineering department of SLIET Longowal as

per Indian standard.

C. Petroleum Diesel

Petroleum Diesel was collected from the local petrol pump.

D. Di Ethyl Ether

To enhance the performance of Compression Ignition engine

karanja biodiesel as a fuel with additive Di ethyl ether was

used. Di ethyl ether was collected from the laboratory.

Fig.1.1Eelectric Generator Set Coupled With Compression

Ignition Engine

II. OBSERVATIONS

Observations were recorded for karanja biodiesel fuel with

die ethyl ether as additive (5%, 10%, and 15%) and

petroleum diesel as fuel in Electric generator set coupled with

compression ignition engine for electric power generation.

A. Petroleum Diesel Fuel For Electric Power Generation

Of 1.5 KW, 3 Kw And 5kw Loading Condition

Electric generator set coupled with compression Ignition

Engine was run using petro diesel as fuel to reach in steady

state without applying load condition. Properties, Calorific

value and specific gravity of petroleum diesel were recorded

as presented in table 2.1. Calorific value and specific gravity

of petroleum diesel were recorded 10080 Kcal/kg and 0.820

Performance Analysis of The Compression

Ignition Engine Using Karanja Biodiesel With

Additive Di Ethyl Ether

Indraj Singh, and V.Sahni

Int'l Conference on Aeronautical, Automotive and Manufacturing Engineering (ICAAME'2015) Aug 25-26, 2015 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/IAE.IAE0815206 9

respectively. Fuel consumption and overall efficiency of the


were recorded at loading condition of 1.5 KW, 3 kW and

5kW as shown in table.2.1

TABLE 2.1

PETROLEUM DIESEL FUEL USED FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION OF 1.5

KW, 3 KW AND 5KW LOADING CONDITIONS

S

.

N

.

Calorific

value

Kcal/kg

Specific

gravity

Power

generati

on

Load

kW

Fuel

consump

tion

(g/hr)

Equivalent

power

consumpti

on(kWh)

Overall

Efficien

cy

(%)

1 10080 0.820 0.1 475 5.56 1.79

2 10080 0.820 1.5 673 7.88 19.03

3 10080 0.820 3 990 11.60 25.86

4 10080 0.820 5 1465 17.17 29.12

B. .Karanja biodiesel fuel used for electric power

generation of 1.5 KW, 3 kW and 5kW loading condition

karanja biodiesel as fuel used in Electric generator set

coupled with compression Ignition Engine and recorded fuel

consumption and overall efficiency at loading condition of 1.5

KW, 3 kW and 5kW as shown in table.2.2.

TABLE 2. 2

KARANJA BIODIESEL FUEL USED FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION

S

.

N

o

.

Calorific

value

Kcal/kg

Specific

gravity

Power

generation

Load(kW)

Fuel

consum

ption

(g/hr)

Equivalent

power

consumpti

on(kWh)

Overall

Efficien

cy

(%)

1 8587 0.862 0.1 528 5.27 1.89

2 8587 0.862 1.5 897 8.95 16.75

3 8587 0.862 3 1320 13.18 22.76

4 8587 0.862 5 1900 18.97 26.35

C. Karanja Biodiesel fuel mixed with 5% Ether as additive

for electric power generation of 1.5 KW, 3 kW and 5kW

loading condition

Performance of Compression ignition engine coupled with

electric generator set was observed using karanja biodiesel

fuel with 5% ether as additive at loading condition of 1.5

KW, 3 kW and 5kW as shown in table.2.3.

TABLE 2. 3

KARANJA BIODIESEL FUEL MIXED WITH 5% ETHER AS ADDITIVE FOR

ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION

S.

N

o.

Calorific

value

Kcal/kg

Specific

gravity

Power

generatio

n Load

(kW)

Fuel

consump

tion

(g/hr)

Equivale

nt power

consump

tion

(kWh)

Overall

Efficien

cy

(%)

1 8805 0.842 0.1 516 5.28 1.89

2 8805 0.842 1.5 877 8.98 16.70

3 8805 0.842 3 1560 15.97 18.78

4 8805 0.842 5 1857 19.01 26.30

D. Karanja Biodiesel fuel mixed with 10% Ether as additive


loading condition

Fuel consumption and overall efficiency data were recorded

for compression ignition engine coupled with electric

generator set used karanja biodiesel fuel mixed with10 % di

ethyl ether as additive as shown in table 2.4.

TABLE 2.4

KARANJA BIODIESEL FUEL MIXED WITH 10% ETHER AS ADDITIVE

FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION

S

.

N

.

Calorific

value

Kcal/kg

Specific

gravity

Power

generatio

n Load

(KW)

Fuel

consump

tion

(g/hr)

Equivalent

power

consumpti

on(kWh)

Overall

Efficien

cy

(%)

1 9053 0.821 0.1 498 5.24 1.90

2 9053 0.821 1.5 846 8.90 16.85

3 9053 0.821 3 1319 13.88 21.26

4 9053 0.821 5 1842 19.39 25.78

E. Karanja Biodiesel fuel mixed with 15% Ether as additive


loading condition

To see the effect of di ethyl ether as additive mixed 15%

with karanja biodiesel and used in compression ignition

engine coupled with electric generator set operated at 1.5 kw,

3.0 kw and 5.0 kw loading condition. Fuel consumption and

overall efficiency were recorded as shown in table 2.5.

TABLE 2.5

KARANJA BIODIESEL FUEL MIXED WITH 15% ETHER AS ADDITIVE

FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION

S

.

N

o

.

Calorific

value

Kcal/kg

Specific

gravity

Power

generation

Load(kW)

Fuel

consum

ption

(g/hr)

Equivalent

power

consumpti

on(kWh)

Overall

Efficien

cy

(%)

1 9235 0.813 0.1 480 5.15 1.94

2 9235 0.813 1.5 768 8.24 18.20

3 9235 0.813 3 1296 13.91 21.56

4 9235 0.813 5 1776 19.07 26.21

III. RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS

Experiments were conducted on compression ignition

engine coupled with electric generator and used petroleum

diesel, karanja biodiesel,karanja biodiesel fuel mixed with 5%

ether as additive, karanja biodiesel fuel mixed with 10% ether

as additive, karanja biodiesel fuel mixed with 15% ether as

additive.

A. Main Effect plot for load Vs Fuel consumption

In compression ignition engine coupled with electric

generator set used petroleum diesel, karanja biodiesel,,karanja

biodiesel fuel mixed with 5% ether as additive, karanja

biodiesel fuel mixed with 10% ether as additive, karanja

biodiesel fuel mixed with 15% ether as additive. Data were

recorded for fuel consumption and compared as shown in

fig.3.1. Petroleum diesel fuel consumption was lowest as

compared with karanja biodiesel,,karanja biodiesel fuel mixed

with 5% ether as additive, karanja biodiesel fuel mixed with

10% ether as additive, karanja biodiesel fuel mixed with 15%

ether as additive at loading condition of 1.5 KW, 3 kW and

5kW as shown in fig.3.1.It is also noticed from the fig.3.1,


set consumed less fuel as ether additive increased from

5%,10% and 15% in karaanja biodiesel.



Fuel Consumption (G/Hr)

Fig.3.1 Main Effect plot for load Vs Fuel consumption

B. Main effect plot for load vs overall efficiency

Petroleum diesel fuel, karanja biodiesel fuel ,karanja

biodiesel fuel with 5% di ethyl ether as additive, karanja

biodiesel fuel with 10% di ethyl ether as additive and karanja

biodiesel fuel with 15% di ethyl ether as additive were used in


set at 1.5 kw,3 kw and 5 kw loading condition. It revealed

from research that there is slightly increase in overall

efficiency of compression ignition engine coupled with

electric generator while used karanja biodiesel fuel with 15%

ether as additive as compared to karanja biodiesel fuel used

with 5% and 10% ether as additive. Over all efficiency of the


set found higher when used petroleum diesel fuel as

compared to karanja biodiesel fuel and karaanja biodiesel

fuel mixed with 5%,10% and 15% ether as additive as shown

in fig.3.2. Higher calorific value may be the reason for this.

Overall efficiency (%)

Fig.3.2 Main effect plot for load vs overall efficiency

IV. CONCLUSION

Based on the results of the study, following specific

conclusion were drawn. Compression ignition engine coupled

with electric generator set shows that fuel consumption of

karanja biodiesel decrease as additive di ethyl ether increased

from5% to 15%. Research also revealed that there is slightly

increase in overall efficiency of compression ignition engine

coupled with electric generator while used karanja biodiesel

fuel with 15% ether as additive as compared to karanja

biodiesel fuel used with 5% and 10% ether as additive. Over

all efficiency of the engine used petroleum diesel was higher

than the karanja biodiesel fuel and karaanja biodiesel fuel

used with5%, 10% and 15% ether as additives. So it is

concluded that by using additive di ethyl ether in karanja

biodiesel, the fuel consumption of the fuel decreases on the

same loading condition. However overall efficiency of the


set does not have significant effect while used karanja

biodiesel fuel mixed with ether as additive.

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Dr Varider Sahni did his PhD from REC Kurukshetra,

Haryana India. He did his PhD in alternative fuels used in

internal combustion engine.

He has been working in teaching for the last 30 years.He

served as Dean of the SLIET Longowal, a Deemed

university funded by MHRD Govt. of India.He has five

years of experience as Director in a Technical Institute. He

was appointed as member of National Board of

Accreditation and visited many Institutes.

Dr.V.Sahni published more than 30 research papers in different reputed journals,

International and national conferences. He served abroad in different universities.

Email [email protected]

Second Author- Indraj Singh did his M.Tech.from Punjab Technical University

jalandhar Punjab India.He is doing his research work in the field of use of

alternative fuel in compression ignition engine.

He has been working in teaching for the last eighteen years.He has been serving

as Associate Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering SLIET

Longowal sangrur Punjab India.

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