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Transcript of Perceptual-Motor Skills Chapter 15. The Bender Visual-Motor Gesalt Test (BVMGT) Family...
![Page 1: Perceptual-Motor Skills Chapter 15. The Bender Visual-Motor Gesalt Test (BVMGT) Family History/Description Originally the work of Lauretta Bender (1938)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022072008/56649d705503460f94a53304/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Perceptual-Motor Skills
Chapter 15
![Page 2: Perceptual-Motor Skills Chapter 15. The Bender Visual-Motor Gesalt Test (BVMGT) Family History/Description Originally the work of Lauretta Bender (1938)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022072008/56649d705503460f94a53304/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Bender Visual-Motor Gesalt Test (BVMGT) Family
History/DescriptionOriginally the work of Lauretta Bender (1938) Test was
based on accuracy of reproducing 9 geometric shapesElizabeth Koppitz developed a 30 item method of scoring
the BVMGT based of 4 criteria (1963)Brannigan and Decker revised the original BVMGT by
adding 7 new designs and using holistic scoring, referred to as BVMGT-2 (2003)
Reynold used Koppitz scoring system to score 16 design test (BVMGT-2) and produced the Koppitz Developmental Scoring System
![Page 3: Perceptual-Motor Skills Chapter 15. The Bender Visual-Motor Gesalt Test (BVMGT) Family History/Description Originally the work of Lauretta Bender (1938)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022072008/56649d705503460f94a53304/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Bender Visual-Motor Gesalt Test, 2nd EditionWhy? Who?
• Students may need instruction to remediate visual or auditory problems BEFORE they interfere with learning.
• Students demonstrating learning problems in school will be assessed to determine if there is poor perceptual motor abilities also
• Perceptual Motor screening help determine if a student is eligible for Special Education and/or a Perceptual Motor problem coexists with a learning problem
• Perceptual Motor tests are used to diagnose brain injury or emotional disturbances
![Page 4: Perceptual-Motor Skills Chapter 15. The Bender Visual-Motor Gesalt Test (BVMGT) Family History/Description Originally the work of Lauretta Bender (1938)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022072008/56649d705503460f94a53304/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Bender Visual-Motor Gesalt Test, 2nd Edition
Types• The Bender Visual- Motor Gesalt Test Family
Bender Visual-Motor Desalt Test Second Edition
• Koppitz-2 Scoring System for BVMGT-2• Developmental Test of Visual-Motor
Integration (Beery VMI)
![Page 5: Perceptual-Motor Skills Chapter 15. The Bender Visual-Motor Gesalt Test (BVMGT) Family History/Description Originally the work of Lauretta Bender (1938)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022072008/56649d705503460f94a53304/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Bender Visual-Motor Gesalt Test, 2nd Edition
Purpose: • Assess visual-motor integration skills of individuals
ages 4-85 years old.• Consists of:
Copying Test- tests ability to reproduce individual designs
3 Supplementary Subtests
![Page 6: Perceptual-Motor Skills Chapter 15. The Bender Visual-Motor Gesalt Test (BVMGT) Family History/Description Originally the work of Lauretta Bender (1938)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022072008/56649d705503460f94a53304/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Bender Visual-Motor Gesalt Test, 2nd Edition
Process• Copying Tests
2 sets of designs 13 designs for children under 8, 12 designs for 8 yrs. or older
(2 sets have 8 common designs) Untimed
![Page 7: Perceptual-Motor Skills Chapter 15. The Bender Visual-Motor Gesalt Test (BVMGT) Family History/Description Originally the work of Lauretta Bender (1938)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022072008/56649d705503460f94a53304/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Bender Visual-Motor Gesalt Test, 2nd Edition
Process (cont)• 3 Supplemental Tests
Recalling Designs: designs have been copied and removed, testers must reproduce as many as can be remembered in an untimed situation.
Motor: testers must connect dots without lifting pencils in a 4 minute time period (4 test items with 3 figures each)
Perception: Tester must match 10 items with multiple choice options in a 4 minute time period.
![Page 8: Perceptual-Motor Skills Chapter 15. The Bender Visual-Motor Gesalt Test (BVMGT) Family History/Description Originally the work of Lauretta Bender (1938)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022072008/56649d705503460f94a53304/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Bender Visual-Motor Gesalt Test, 2nd Edition
Scoring• Copied and Recall: Holistically on 5 point scale
0= no resemblance 1= slight/vague 2= some/moderate resemblance 3= strong/close resemblance 4= nearly perfect
Scores are converted to standard and percentiles• Motor and Perception: Pass or Fail
Scores are percentiles
![Page 9: Perceptual-Motor Skills Chapter 15. The Bender Visual-Motor Gesalt Test (BVMGT) Family History/Description Originally the work of Lauretta Bender (1938)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022072008/56649d705503460f94a53304/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Bender Visual-Motor Gesalt Test, 2nd Edition
Strengths• Reliability: Copying-Corrected split half
correlations (?) were used to test the consistency. Copying test indicate adequate reliable results.
• Validity: Copying-Evidence is adequate but not compelling
![Page 10: Perceptual-Motor Skills Chapter 15. The Bender Visual-Motor Gesalt Test (BVMGT) Family History/Description Originally the work of Lauretta Bender (1938)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022072008/56649d705503460f94a53304/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Bender Visual-Motor Gesalt Test, 2nd Edition
Weaknesses• Stability: copying and recall test was estimated
by the test-retest using the scores of testers. • Reliability: no reliable data was presented for
motor or perception subtest• This undermines the strengths of the Copying
test in making important educational decisions• Validity: No evidence demonstrates validity for
recall, motor or perception (results change w/ age)
![Page 11: Perceptual-Motor Skills Chapter 15. The Bender Visual-Motor Gesalt Test (BVMGT) Family History/Description Originally the work of Lauretta Bender (1938)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022072008/56649d705503460f94a53304/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Koppitz-2 Scoring System for the BVMGT-2
Process ∙ Designed to
- document the presence and degree of visual-motor difficulties
- identify candidates for referral -assess effectiveness of intervention
programs-research and assist in differential diagnosis
of various neuropsychological and psychological conditions
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Koppitz-2
Process (cont’d.) ∙ Copy the BVMGT-2 designs then a standardized set of rules is applied to score their performance ∙ Can be as many as 5 items for each design
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Koppitz-2
Scoring ∙ Scores are converted to scaled scores
- mean of 100- standard deviation of 1.5
∙ Descriptive ratings of performance- ex. Average, below average
∙ Scaled scores can be converted into- T scores, Z scores, normal curve equivalents, stanines and age
equivalents
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Koppitz-2
Scoring (cont’d.) ∙ Time to complete drawings is also recorded ∙ Short completion time may reflect
- impulsive responding- problems with impulse control- problems with planning ability
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Koppitz-2
Strengths ∙ Reliability- shown for sub-groups such as racial/ethnic groups and disability groups and for screening purposes ∙ Validity- scores increase with age
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Koppitz-2
Weaknesses ∙ Reliability- Not reliable for diagnostic purposes
∙ Validity- the demonstration of validity is a work in progress
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Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (Beery VMI)
Process ∙ Set of geometric forms copied on paper using pencil
- Arranged in a developmental sequence from easy to more difficult
∙ Two sets of tests- Full version- 2 yrs. to adults
- all 30 VMI forms- Short version- 2 to 7 yrs. Old
- uses 21 VMI items ∙ Can be administered individually or in while group ∙ Can be scored by teacher in apprx. 15 minutes
- designs scored pass/fail- individual protocols can be scored in a few minutes
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Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (Beery VMI)
Scoring ∙ Two pages of scoring information for each of the 30 designs ∙ Raw score is obtained by adding the number of reproductions copied correctly before there are 3 consecutive failures
∙ Raw score can be converted into - developmental age equivalent- grade equivalent- standard score, scaled score, stanine, or percentile
![Page 19: Perceptual-Motor Skills Chapter 15. The Bender Visual-Motor Gesalt Test (BVMGT) Family History/Description Originally the work of Lauretta Bender (1938)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022072008/56649d705503460f94a53304/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration(Beery VMI)
Strengths ∙ Reliability- adequate reliability for screening purposes
∙Validity- evidence of validity is based on1. generating a set of hypotheses about
what performance on the test would look like if it was measuring what is intended
2. providing answers to the hypotheses
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Conclusion
Which test would you use? ∙ Developmental Test of Visual- Motor Integration (Beery VMI)
- the behavior sample is limited but the VMI provides a larger sample of behavior (30 items) rather than the 9 items on the BVMGT ∙ Relatively high reliability and validity