Perceptions On The Effectiveness Of Pictorial Warnings

Abu Bakar A M; Norhazwany MS, Amalina A

Cyberjaya University College of Medical Sciences

PERCEPTIONS ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PICTORIAL WARNINGS –

A cross-sectional study in Taman Dengkil Jaya, Selangor

INTRODUCTION

Background

Effective health warnings, especially those that include pictures, have been proven to

motivate users to quit and to reduce the appeal of tobacco for those who are not yet addicted

INTRODUCTION

Background

Health warnings on tobacco packages are a simple, cheap and effective strategy that can vastly reduce tobacco use and save lives.But they only work if they communicate the risk

INTRODUCTION

Objective

– Cigarette pictorial warnings just

been introduced.

- Evaluate the effectiveness from the

public point of view

INTRODUCTION

Most effective in UK

INTRODUCTION

Least effective in UK

METHOD

A cross sectional household survey was conducted in subjects above 18 years old, through stratified random sampling proportionate to size.

Face to face interview were conducted by trained interviewers using precoded questionnaires

A total of 375 responded.

METHOD

Sample size calculate using statcal, Epi-info V7 and statistical analysis conducted using SPSS V16

RESULTS Table 1. Respondents in Taman Dengkil Jaya by Demography.

Characteristics N (%)

Male 167 (44.5)

Female 208 (55.5)

Malay 220 (58.7)

Chinese 10 (2.7)

Indian 95 (25.3)

Others 50(13.3)

Primary/No education 59 (15.7)

Secondary education 224 (59.7)

Tertiary education 92 (24.5)

RESULTS Table 2. Respondents in Taman Dengkil Jaya by smoking status.

Smoking status N (%)

Smokers 84 (22.4)

Non-smokers 275 (73.3)

Ex-smokers 16 (4.3)

Total 375 (100)

RESULTS Table 3. Perceptions of respondents of pictorial warning that is most effective

to quit smoking

Pictorial warning N (%)

Neck Cancer 105 (28)

Lung Cancer 100 (26.7)

Mouth Cancer 64 (17.1)

Premature baby 45 (12.0)

Miscarriage 41 (10.9)

Foot gangrene 20 (5.3)

Total 375 (100)

RESULTS Table 4. Perceptions of respondents of pictorial warning that is least effective

to quit smoking


Neck Cancer 16 (4.3)



Premature baby 68 ( 18.1)

Miscarriage 28 (7.5)


Total 375 (100)

RESULTS Table 5. Most effective pictorial warning to quit smoking as perceived

by Smokers


Neck Cancer 29 (34.5)




Miscarriage 5 (6.0)


Total 84 (100)

RESULTS Table 6. Least effective pictorial warning to quit smoking as perceived

by Smokers


Neck Cancer 3 (3.6))

Lung Cancer 5 (6.0)



Miscarriage 3 (3.6)


Total 84 (100)

RESULTS Most effective pictorial warning ranked as perceived by smokers

DISCUSSION

Timely

Experience from other countries,

Retract ineffective or controversial pictorial warning.

CONCLUSION

Efforts by governments to introduce potent health warnings need to be reviewed from time to time by changing appropriate pictorial warnings that can bring the desired effect to the community

Reference1 Miller CL, Hill DJ, Quester PG, Hiller JE,Impact on the Australian Quitline of new graphic cigarette pack warnings including the Quitline number Tob Control. 2009 Jun;18(3):235-7.2. Miller CL, Hill DJ, Quester PG, Hiller JE, Response of mass media, tobacco industry and smokers to the introduction of graphic cigarette pack warnings in Australia.Eur J Public Health. 2009 3. Hammond D, Fong GI, Borland R, Cummnings KM, McNeill A, Driezen P. Text and graphic warnings on cigarette packages: findings from the international tobacco control four country study. Am J Prev Med. 2007 Mar;32(3):202-9.4. Chapman S, Carter SM, "Avoid health warnings on all tobacco products for just as long as we can": a history of Australian tobacco industry efforts to avoid, delay and dilute health warnings on cigarettes.Tob Control. 2003 Dec;12 Suppl 3:iii13-22.5. Hammond D, Fong GI, Borland R, Cummnings KM, McNeill A, TobEffectiveness of cigarette warning labels in informing smokers about the risks of smoking: findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey Control. 2006 Jun;15 Suppl 3:iii19-25.

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Perceptions On The Effectiveness Of Pictorial Warnings

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