PREPARED BY :NOR ASIAH MOHAMAD (GS42774) INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA

PREPARED FOR : DR. MAS NIDA MD. KHAMBARI

"WE DONT SEE THINGS AS THEY "WE DONT SEE THINGS AS THEY ARE,WE SEE THINGS AS WE ARE".ARE,WE SEE THINGS AS WE ARE".

what do you see?what do you see?

STEPHEN ROBBINS“ Perception is a process by which individual’s organize

and interpret the sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.”

FRED LUTHANS“Perception is an important mediating cognitive

process through which persons make interpretations of the stimulus or situation they are forced with.”

DEFINITIONS

VVisual :isual :pictures, sights, imagespictures, sights, images

Aural: Aural: sounds, noise, music, tonessounds, noise, music, tones

Kinesthetic: Kinesthetic: sensations, physical feelings of sensations, physical feelings of the body, smells, tastesthe body, smells, tastes

STIMULU

PerceptionPerception consists of: consists of:

ExposureExposure : Stimulus to nervous system : Stimulus to nervous system

AttentionAttention : Sensation is passed to the brain : Sensation is passed to the brain

InterpretationInterpretation: Assignment of meaning to the : Assignment of meaning to the received sensationreceived sensation

The assignment of meaning to sensationsThe assignment of meaning to sensations

Cognitive interpretationCognitive interpretation – process – process whereby stimuli are placed into existing whereby stimuli are placed into existing categories of meaningcategories of meaning

Affective interpretationAffective interpretation – the – the emotional or feeling response triggered by emotional or feeling response triggered by a stimulusa stimulus

INTERPRETATION

Individuals are Individuals are variablevariable in their in their responses to responses to stimulusstimulus

Perception and Perception and MemoryMemory are both are both very selective. very selective.

MESSAGE

The perceptions is subjective?The perceptions is subjective?

WordsWords influence because they influence because they evoke us to evoke us to createcreate

representationsrepresentations within our within our minds at multiple levels. minds at multiple levels.

““Ocean” means…Ocean” means…

Factors Influencing PerceptionFactors Influencing PerceptionFactors in the perceiver Attitudes Motives Interests Experience Expectations

Perception

Factors in the perceived Motion Sounds Size Background Proximity Similarity

Factors in the situation Time Work Setting Social Setting

PERCEPTION PROCESS

Perceptual throughputs

Receiving->Selecting->Organizing->Interpreting

Perceptual Outputs

Actions

Perceptual inputs

Stimuli

Simplified process of perception

How a person perceives by assigning a How a person perceives by assigning a cause to the behaviour he conceives.cause to the behaviour he conceives.

ATTRIBUTION THEORY

Person Perception: Person Perception:

Making Judgments Making Judgments About OthersAbout Others

Can you control what Can you control what you see?you see?

Surface Structure Surface Structure is:is:

WordsWordsTonalityTonalityFigureFigureSizeSize

What You ObserveWhat You Observe

Deep Structure:Deep Structure:

WordsWordsTonalityTonalitySurroundingSurroundingSizeSize

Technology IntegrationTechnology IntegrationValuesValuesBiasesBiasesPrejudicesPrejudicesExperiencesExperiencesFearsFearsDreamsDreamsFeelingsFeelings

INDIVIDUAL’S PERCEPTION SET

Our brains want to organize, categorize, Our brains want to organize, categorize, define and make sense of information in define and make sense of information in the the simplestsimplest way possible way possible

PeoplePeople are not easy to organize and are not easy to organize and define as define as informatioinformationn

We must We must be careful be careful with our perceptions with our perceptions and how we view and communicate with and how we view and communicate with others based on our perceptions.others based on our perceptions.

CONCLUSION