Perception, Performance, and Politics Recent Approaches to the Qualitative Comparison of Civil...
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![Page 1: Perception, Performance, and Politics Recent Approaches to the Qualitative Comparison of Civil Justice Systems Dr. Christoph Kern, LL.M. (Harvard)](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110322/56649d565503460f94a33c09/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Perception, Performance, and Politics
Recent Approaches to the Qualitative Comparison of Civil Justice Systems
Dr. Christoph Kern, LL.M. (Harvard)
![Page 2: Perception, Performance, and Politics Recent Approaches to the Qualitative Comparison of Civil Justice Systems Dr. Christoph Kern, LL.M. (Harvard)](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110322/56649d565503460f94a33c09/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Outline
I. Introduction
II. Difficulties in Measuring and Comparing Judicial Quality
III. Recent Surveys and the Role of Politics
1. The so-called “Lex Mundi Study” on Procedural Formalism
2. The 2008 Business Survey Conducted by Clifford Chance and the University of
Oxford’s Institute of European and Comparative Law
IV. Conclusion
![Page 3: Perception, Performance, and Politics Recent Approaches to the Qualitative Comparison of Civil Justice Systems Dr. Christoph Kern, LL.M. (Harvard)](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110322/56649d565503460f94a33c09/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
I. Introduction
• Cross-country comparisons of civil justice systems– Independent surveys focusing on judicial quality (or one
aspect of quality) alone• E.g., Transparency International, Corruption Perception Index;
European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice, European Legal Systems
– General country rankings• E.g., EBRD & World Bank, World Business Environment
Survey; PRS Group, International Country Risk Guide; BERI, Operation Risk Index
– Variable in econometric research• E.g., Djankov et al., Courts (“Lex Mundi Study”)
![Page 4: Perception, Performance, and Politics Recent Approaches to the Qualitative Comparison of Civil Justice Systems Dr. Christoph Kern, LL.M. (Harvard)](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110322/56649d565503460f94a33c09/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
II. Measuring and Comparing Judicial Quality
Performance (objective data)
Perception (subjective data)
Results
Process
![Page 5: Perception, Performance, and Politics Recent Approaches to the Qualitative Comparison of Civil Justice Systems Dr. Christoph Kern, LL.M. (Harvard)](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110322/56649d565503460f94a33c09/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
II. Measuring and Comparing Judicial Quality
Performance (objective data)
Perception (subjective data)
ResultsDifficulties:
- Suitable proxies
- External data collected according to divergent definitions
- External factors (legal system, culture) affect significance
Process
![Page 6: Perception, Performance, and Politics Recent Approaches to the Qualitative Comparison of Civil Justice Systems Dr. Christoph Kern, LL.M. (Harvard)](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110322/56649d565503460f94a33c09/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
II. Measuring and Comparing Judicial Quality
Performance (objective data)
Perception (subjective data)
ResultsDifficulties:
- Suitable proxies
- External data collected according to divergent definitions
- External factors (legal system, culture) affect significance
Difficulties:
- General problems of subjective data
- Abstract nature of the subject “judicial quality”
- Externalities (culture, ideology, media coverage)
Process
![Page 7: Perception, Performance, and Politics Recent Approaches to the Qualitative Comparison of Civil Justice Systems Dr. Christoph Kern, LL.M. (Harvard)](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110322/56649d565503460f94a33c09/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
II. Measuring and Comparing Judicial Quality
Performance (objective data)
Perception (subjective data)
Results - Legal correctness and accuracy
- Justice and fairness
- “True” resolution of disputes
Process
![Page 8: Perception, Performance, and Politics Recent Approaches to the Qualitative Comparison of Civil Justice Systems Dr. Christoph Kern, LL.M. (Harvard)](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110322/56649d565503460f94a33c09/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
II. Measuring and Comparing Judicial Quality
Performance (objective data)
Perception (subjective data)
Results
Process - Duration
- Costs
- Procedural fairness
- Legitimacy
![Page 9: Perception, Performance, and Politics Recent Approaches to the Qualitative Comparison of Civil Justice Systems Dr. Christoph Kern, LL.M. (Harvard)](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110322/56649d565503460f94a33c09/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
II. Measuring and Comparing Judicial Quality
Performance (objective data)
Perception (subjective data)
Results Advantages:
- Avoids the difficulties of collecting objective data
- Framing of questions
- Law in action
Problems:
- Whose Perceptions?
- Number of respondents
- Clarity of questions
- Interpretation
Process
![Page 10: Perception, Performance, and Politics Recent Approaches to the Qualitative Comparison of Civil Justice Systems Dr. Christoph Kern, LL.M. (Harvard)](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110322/56649d565503460f94a33c09/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
III. Recent Surveys and the Role of Politics
• Institutionalist Tradition– Institutional environment = important factor for a country’s
political and economic development (North 1990)
– Civil justice systems = part of a country’s institutional environment
– “The better the functioning of the civil justice system, the higher the economic prosperity”
• Uses for comparative data on judicial quality– Causation between judicial quality and growth
– Causation between institutional design and judicial quality
– Judicial quality as a control
![Page 11: Perception, Performance, and Politics Recent Approaches to the Qualitative Comparison of Civil Justice Systems Dr. Christoph Kern, LL.M. (Harvard)](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110322/56649d565503460f94a33c09/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
III. Recent Surveys and the Role of Politics
1. The Lex Mundi Study on Procedural FormalismFinds a relationship between• Legal origin• Level of procedural formalism• Quality of the judicial system
Problems:• Only two model cases which are not meaningful
(Check collection and eviction of residential tenant)• Debatable concept of procedural formalism• Ambiguous questions• Questionable classification of legal origins
Hidden benchmarking?
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III. Recent Surveys and the Role of Politics
1. The Lex Mundi Study on Procedural FormalismImportance of the study• Sponsored by the World Bank• May serve as basis for
– recommendations to developing countries
– specific requirements and conditions on how a borrowing country has to reform its legal system
• Possibly powerful impact on future development Much at stake for various parties Influence of politics on the results?
![Page 13: Perception, Performance, and Politics Recent Approaches to the Qualitative Comparison of Civil Justice Systems Dr. Christoph Kern, LL.M. (Harvard)](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110322/56649d565503460f94a33c09/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
III. Recent Surveys and the Role of Politics
2. The 2008 Business SurveyAbout causation between
• the civil justice system• the choice of forum• the choice of law
Perception data from non experts Respondents may be influenced by
- law marketing
- their counsel
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IV. Conclusion
“Cross-national studies … are just a beginning that point us in the right direction”
Dani Rodrik, Arvind Subramanian & Francesco Trebbi, Institutions Rule: The Primacy of Institutions over Geography and Integration in Economic Development, 9 J. Econ. Growth 131, 158 (2004).