Perception Prof. Shrinivas V K

Prof. SVK

Definition

“Perception is the process of receiving information about and making sense

of the world around us. It involves deciding which information to notice, how to categorize this information and how to interpret it within the framework of our existing knowledge”

Prof. SVK

Perception

“ The process by which people select, organize, interpret, and respond to information from the world around them”

“Perception (consciously and unconsciously) involves searching for, obtaining, and processing information in the mind in an attempt to make sense of the world”

Prof. SVK

Factors that Influence Perception

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Situation factors

• Time

• Work setting

• Social setting

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Object / Target / PerceivedPerceived characteristics

• Novelty • Motion• Sounds• Size• Background• Proximity

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Background

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Background

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Background

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Size

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Size

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Background/size

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Prof. SVK

Prof. SVK

Prof. SVK

Prof. SVK

Motion

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Background

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Word Color Test

In this test DO NOT READ the words, say aloud the COLOR of each word.

 

YELLOW BLUE ORANGEBLACK RED GREEN

PURPLE YELLOW REDORANGE GREEN BLACK

BLUE RED PURPLEGREEN BLUE ORANGE

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Factors Affecting Judgment• Attribution Theory

• Perceptual Errors– Selective Perception– Halo Effect– Contrast Effects– Projection– Stereotyping

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Attribution Theory• When individuals observe behavior, they

attempt to determine whether it is internally or externally caused.– Distinctiveness

• Does individual act the same way in other situations?– Consensus

• Does individual act the same as others in same situation?

– Consistency • Does the individual act the same way over time?

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Attribution Theory E X H I B I T 5-2

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Prof. SVK

Attribution Theory• Fundamental Attribution Error

– The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others.

• Self-Serving Bias– The tendency for individuals to attribute their

own successes to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external factors.

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Perceptual Errors / Frequently used Shortcuts in judging others

• Selective Perception– People selectively interpret what they see

based on their interests, background, experience, and attitudes

• Halo Effect– Drawing a general impression about an

individual based on a single characteristic

• Contrast Effects– A person’s evaluation is affected by

comparisons with other individuals recently encountered

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Perceptual Errors• Projection

– Tendency for people to see their own characteristics in other people

• Stereotyping– Judging someone on the basis of your

perception of the group to which that person belongs

• Expectancy Theory- Tendency to bias perception of events

objects and people based on prior expectation

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Prof. SVK

Impression Management

• The process used by individuals to control the impression others form at them.• Punctual• Doing favours• Playing safe• Opinion confirmity

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Johari window

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Organizational relevance • Employee interview

• Performance expectations {self fulfilling prophecy / Pygmalion effect}

• Performance evaluation

Prof. SVK