Perception

Perception

Dr. Jayesh Patidar

www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com

http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=perception&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=tGW0TYcHulk8dM&tbnid=ydPXYvPPF_v7hM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=%2Furl%3Fsa%3Di%26rct%3Dj%26q%3Dperception%26source%3Dimages%26cd%3D%26cad%3Drja%26docid%3DtGW0TYcHulk8dM%26tbnid%3DydPXYvPPF_v7hM%3A%26ved%3D%26url%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.elements2lead.com%252F2011%252F12%252F04%252Fthe-deception-in-perception-2%252F%26ei%3DI0UYUuqLKIyXkgXg9YHYCQ%26bvm%3Dbv.51156542%2Cd.dGI%26psig%3DAFQjCNF5RSGQD1_Lw9E4YlxmJRZZfoicJg%26ust%3D1377408676034550&ei=T0UYUvyLHYK3rAfwp4GoBw&bvm=bv.51156542,d.dGI&psig=AFQjCNF5RSGQD1_Lw9E4YlxmJRZZfoicJg&ust=1377408676034550

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“ WE DON’T SEE THINGS AS THEY

ARE, WE SEE THINGS AS WE ARE.”

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Introduction

When our sensory-organs comes in

contact with the world and are stimulated

by the external stimuli and receive the

sensations it result in perception.

Sensation is the initial response of an

individual to the stimuli.

Perception is the interpretation of

sensory stimuli which reach the sense

organs and the brain.



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13Organizational Behavior

13

Perception

What is Perception?

How we view and interpret the events and situations in the world about us.

Why is it Important?

Because people’s behavior is based on their perception of what reality is, not on reality itself.

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Definition

Perception is the experience of object,

events or relationships obtained by

extracting the information from and

interpreting the sensations.

(OR)

A process by which individuals organize

and interpret their sensory impressions

in order to give meaning to their

environment.


Process of perception

Perception is the process by which we

discriminate among the stimuli and

interpret their meanings.

Eg: when we hear a sound we are able

to identify it as being produced by a car

or a bus. Perception gives meaning to

sensation.


The Perceptual Process

1. Sensation

An individual’s ability to

detect stimuli in the

immediate

environment.

2. Selection

The process a person

uses to eliminate some

of the stimuli that have

been sensed and to

retain others for further

processing.

3.Organization

The process of placing

selected perceptual

stimuli into a

framework for

“storage.”

4.Translation

The stage of the

perceptual process at

which stimuli are

interpreted and given

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Receiving Stimuli

(External & Internal)

Selecting Stimuli

External factors : Nature,

Location,Size,contrast,

Movement,repetition,similarity

,

Organizing

Figure Background ,

Perceptual Grouping

( similarity, proximity,

closure, continuity)

Response

Covert: Attitudes ,

Motivation,

Feeling

Overt: Behavior

Perceptual Process

Interpreting

Attribution ,

Halo Effect, Projection

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Perception: is a process

by which individuals organize

and interpret their sensory

impressions in order to give meaning to

their environment.


Principles Perception


Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception

We impose visual organization on stimuli

W.E. Hill, 1915 German postcard, 1880



Illusory

Contours

The Kanisza triangle as figure-ground illusory contours



Three Main Principles:

Grouping (proximity, similarity, continuity, closure)

Goodness of figures

Figure/ground relationships



Grouping:

Law of Proximity



Grouping:

Law of Similarity



Grouping: Law of Similarity: Shape, Scale, Color2/6/2015 25www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com


Law of Good Continuation, or

Continuity

Objects arranged in either a

straight line or a smooth

curve tend to be seen as a

unit.



Law of Closure



Law of Common Fate



Goodness of Figure, or the Law of Pragnanz

(Pragnanz is German for Pregnant, but in the sense of

pregnant with meaning, not with child!)



Figure/Ground relationships

Figure – seen as the foreground

Ground – seen as the background

Contours – “belong” to the figure



Reversible Figure/Ground

relationship




relationship

Can be affected by the

principle of smallness:

Smaller areas tend to be seen

as figures against a larger

background.




Relationship:

Tessellation – interlocking

figure/ground

M.C. Escher



Gestalt laws of Grouping organize the

visual scene into units

The Law of Pragnanz, or Goodness of

Figure creates the simplest most meaningful

pattern

Figure/Ground relationships define

important parts of the scene


Factors influencing perception

Sense organs

Brain

Memory images of the past experience

Personal interests & mind set

Acquired interest

Needs and desires


Errors in perception

Illusion

Hallucination


CAUSES FOR INACCURATE

PERCEPTION

Defective functioning of sense organs

Inadequate stimulus

Too many stimuli at one time

Poor health

Limited attention

Figure merges in the ground

Guidance

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NURSING IMPLICATIONS OF

PERCEPTION

Accurate perception & observation are very important

for a nurse to provide quality care to a patient.

If she is not a keen observer she will not be able to

note some very critical or important symptoms with

the result that some times the patient may die

premature.

Accurate perception & observation will help the nurse

to gather accurate information & knowledge which will

help the nurse to learn more easily, adjust more

quickly to new situations.


Count…

With accurate perception nurses memory

improve, recording & reporting is more

accurate & is helpful for the patient &

other health team members.

All types of false perceptions, illusions

should be scrupulously avoided by her.


Thank you


Perception

Education

Transcript of Perception