People vs Bañez
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Transcript of People vs Bañez
[G.R. No. 125849. January 20, 1999]THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, !a"n#"$%a&!!&&, '(. )ILFRE*O +,E- y .,+,EL, a!"a( )ILL/, a00u(&1%a&!!an#.* E . I S I O N2EN*O-,, J.3+&4or& #5& .our# 4or r&'"&6 "( #5& 1&0"("on,[1] 1a#&1 ,u7u(# 9, 1998, o4 +ran05 48 o4 #5& R&7"ona!Tr"a! .our# a# 9r1ana, Pan7a("nan :n1"n7 a00u(&1%a&!!an# )"!4r&1o .. +a&; 7u"!#y a#"on[2] a7a"n(# a00u(&1%a&!!an#, 1a#&1 O0#o&( 5"( 4a#5&r, +&rnar1o +a&; y Pa1"!!a, 6"#5 #5& u(& o4 a an#& an1 E>&!"n1a +a&;%,n#"a1o, 0a>& #o #5& 5ou(& a1& #rou, a00u(&1%a&!!an#, 65o !oo=&1 1run= . E>&!"n1a 4o!!o6&1 a00u(&1%a&!!an# "n("1& #5& roo>. E!'"ra #5&n 5&ar1 E>&!"n1a (0r&a>. )5&n E!'"ra 6&n# "n("1& #5& roo>, (5& (a6 a00u(&1%a&!!an# (#a& a6ayFE. T5& &!1&r +a&; 4&!! "n a ("##"n7 o("#"on a# a 0orn&r o4 #5& roo>. 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I# 6a( on!y >u05 !a#&r, a4#&r a00u(&1%a&!!an# 5a1 !&4# a7a"n, #5a# (5& 6a( :na!!y a"na#"on, E!'"ra (#a#&1 #5a# a00u(&1%a&!!an# 5a1 & a7o, a!#5ou75 (5& 0ou!1 no# r&>&>.% S#a< 6oun1 05&(# an#&r"or 6a!!, !&4# !una#& 4H 1K2 H5 1K2 0>.% S#a< 6oun1, a&n !&4# 5yo05on1r"u> !una#& 5HCH9 0>.% S#a< 6oun1 a&n !&4# "!"a0, !una#& 4H9H10.% S#a< 6oun1 05&(# an#&r"or 6a!!, r"75# !una#&, 4H1K2H1K2 0>.% S#a< 6oun1 05&(# an#&r"or 6a!!, r"75# !una#& ?H1H9 0>.% S#a< 6oun1 a&n, r"75# n&ar >"1!"n& !una#& 5H?H10 0>.% S#a< 6oun1 a&n 0&n#&r !una#& 4H1K2H10 0>.% S#a< 6oun1 r"75# ar>, !una#& 5H1 1K2 0>. an#&r"or a(&0# #5ru an1 #5ru #o o(# a(&0#.% S#a< 6oun1 r"75# #5"75, !una#& 4H1K2 H C 0>.SIGNIFI.,NT INTERN,L FIN*INGS3% 50%?5 00. o#5&r o4 a00u(&1%a&!!an#, 6&r& r&(&n#&1 "n (uor# o4 (u05 !&a. ,00u(&1%a&!!an# 1"1 no# #&(#"4y.*r. G&rona III, 2&1"0a! OL0&r III o4 #5& Na#"ona! .&n#&r 4or 2&n#a! H&a!#5, 2an1a!uyon7 ."#y, #&(#":&1 #5a# a00u(&1%a&!!an# 6a( a1>"##&1 #o #5& 5o("#a! on S&>>"(("on o4 #5& 0r">& on ,u7u(# 14, 1994. H& (a"1 a00u(&1%a&!!an# 6a( (u$&r"n7 4ro> (05";o5r&n"a, 65"05 5& 1&(0r"&n#a! 1"(or1&r 05ara0#&r";&1 >ay a!(o r&(u!# "n #5"( ="n1 o4 >&n#a! "!!n&((. H& (a"1 #5a# "n #5& 0a(& o4 a00u(&1%a&!!an#, (05";o5r&n"a 0ou!1 5a'& & a00u(&1%a&!!an# 6a( "n(an&. H"( 1"a7no("( #5a# a00u(&1%a&!!an# 6a( (u$&r"n7 4ro> (05";o5r&n"a >ay "na#"on,[10] *r. G&rona III (#a#&1 #5a# #a="n7 (5aon#5( o4 "n5a!"n7 7a(o!"n& #o 1&'&!o (05";o5r&n"a an1 #5a# a &r(on 65o (u$&r( 4ro> (05";o5r&n"a 6ou!1 no# r&>&>>"##&1.2ar"na Gao#5&r o4 a00u(&1%a&!!an#, #&(#":&1 #5a#, !on7 &n#.[11]On 0ro((%&Ha>"na#"on,[12] (5& #o!1 #5& 0our# #5a#, ("n0& 19?9, (5& 5a1 5&r 5u(. ,00or1"n7 #o 5&r, 5&r (on&1 5"( "n%!a6( 4or 5"( >ar"#a! #rou(. )5&n a(=&1 ony "( Buo#&13*R. RI.O ,NGELO GERON, ON *IRE.T EJ,2IN,TION3O. )5a# 6a( your 1"a7no("( o4 #5& a#"&n# )"!4r&1o +an&;P,. T5& a#"&n# #o "(("on #o #5& .&n#&r.O. T5a# 6a( your "n4or>a#"on #5a# you r&0&"'&1, "( #5a# 0orr&0#, *o0#orP,. /&(, ("r.O. )5o 7a'& you #5a# "n4or>a#"on, *o0#orP,. I 7o# "# 4ro> #5& .5ar#, ("r.O. *o you =no6 65o (u!"&1 #5& "n4or>a#"onP,. T5& >o#5&r, ("r.O. Fro> your :n1"n7( *o0#or, 0an you 1&r>"n& "4 #5& a#"&n# "( D("0E a!r&a1y >&n#a!!y "!! on ,u7u(# 14, 1994P,. /&(, ("r.O. I# a&ar( *o0#or #5a# "n your r&or# #5a# #5& a#"&n# 6a( a1>"##&1 20 1ay( a4#&r ,u7u(# 14, 1994P,. /&(, ("r.[15]T5& 1&4&n(& o4 "n(an"#y 5a( no >&r"#.,r#. 12 o4 #5& R&'"(&1 P&na! .o1& ro'"1&(3,r#. 12. ."r0u>(#an0&( 65"05 &H&># 4ro> 0r">"na! !"a"na! !"a"7on&(,[18] "# 6a( 5&!13T5& Sur&>& .our# o4 Sa"n 5&!1 #5a# "n or1&r #5a# #5"( &H&>#"n7 0"r0u>(#an0& >ay & .our# o4 Sa"n o4 No'&>"na!] a0#, an1 D>on r&!"an0& on #5& #&(# o4 0o7n"#"on, ra#5&r #5an on a #&(# r&!a#"n7 #o 4r&&1o> o4 #5& 6"!!I &Ha>"na#"on o4 our 0a(&!a6 5a( 4a"!&1 #o #urn u any 0a(& 65&r& #5"( .our# 5a( &H&>#&1 an a00u(&1 on #5& (o!& 7roun1 #5a# 5& 6a( #o#a!!y 1&r"'&1 o4 4r&&1o> o4 #5& 6"!!, ".&., 6"#5ou# an a00o>any"n7 0o>!& 1&r"'a#"on o4 "n#&!!"7&n0&. T5"( "( &r5a( #o # 4ro> 0r">"na! !"a"##&1 #5a# a00u(&1%a&!!an# 6a( >&n#a!!y 6&!! a# !&a(# a4#&r 5"( 1"(05ar7& 4ro> #5& +"0u#an R&5a& #">& un#"! 5& 6a( 0on:n&1 a# #5& >&n#a! 5o("#a! "n 1994, a4#&r #5& 0o>>"(("on o4 #5& 0r">& "n #5"( 0a(&. *r. G&rona #&(#":&13[18],TT/. P,R,J,S, *EFENSE .O9NSEL3O *o0#or, 6&r& you a&n#a! 1"(or1&rP, /&(, ("r.. . . ..O9RT3O ,# #5& #">& o4 #5& ="!!"n7 "75# &( 5& 6a( (u$&r"n7 (u05 ="n1 o4 "!!n&(( an1 #5&r& 6a( (o>& #">& 5& 6a( no# (u$&r"n7 (u05 ="n1o4 "!!n&((P, /&(, ("r.O So #5a# you 1o no# =no6 65&n "# 6"!! r&%o00urP, /&(, ("r.,TT/. P,R,J,S3T5a# 6"!! "n&1, 5& a1>"##&1 #5a# a00u(&1%a&!!an# 6a( aar&n#!y "n 7oo1 >&n#a! 0on1"#"on 65&n 5& 0o>>"##&1 #5& 0r">&3[19]PROS. @ILL,RIN3 D.ROSS%EJ,2IN,TIONE3O So 4ro> 1991 #o 1994 #5& a00u(&1 6a( a!!o6&1 #o a((o0"a#&( [("0] 6"#5 o#5&r(P, /&(, ("r.O So 6"#5 #5a# &r"o1 "##&1 D#o #5& Na#"ona! .&n#&r 4or 2&n#a! H&a!#5E 5& 6a( "n 7oo1 >&n#a! 0on1"#"onP, /&( ("r, 5& 6a( aar&n#!y "n 7oo1 >&n#a! 0on1"#"on.. . . ..O9RT3O Fro> #5& #">& 5& 6a( r&!&a(&1 4ro> #5& +"0u#an R&5a& 5& 6a( "n nor>a! 0on1"#"on, "( #5a# 0orr&0#P, /&(, ("r, aar&n#!y.In1&&1, *r. G&rona III 0ou!1 no# 5a'& #&(#":&1 on #5& >&n#a! 0on1"#"on o4 a00u(&1%a&!!an# a# #5& #">& o4 #5& 0o>>"(("on o4 #5& 0r">& 0on("1&r"n7 #5a# 5& #r&a#&1 a00u(&1%a&!!an# on!y a4#&r #5& !a##&r 6a( 0on:n&1 a# #5& Na#"ona! .&n#&r 4or 2&n#a! H&a!#5. H& 6a( no# &'&n #5& 1o0#or 65oa1>"##&1 a00u(&1%a&!!an# #o #5& Na#"ona! .&n#&r 4or 2&n#a! H&a!#5 on S&>&n#a! 5o("#a! on S&>"(("on o4 #5& 0r">&. Nor 6&r& a00u(&1%a&!!an#( >&1"0a! r&0or1( "n #5& +"0u#an R&5a& >&n#a! "!!n&(( "n 198?, (u"##&1 "n &'"1&n0& #o 1&r>"n& 4or 65a# "!!n&(( 5& 6a( &Ha0#!y #r&a#&1.T5& 1&4&n(& o4 "n(an"#y "( "n #5& na#ur& o4 0on4&(("on an1 a'o"1an0&. 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I*.I I*.I I*.I +9R*EN NOT *IS.H,RGE* IN .,SE ,T +,R. In #5& "n(#an# 0a(&, a00u(&1%a&!!an#4a"!&1 #o 1"(05ar7& #5"( &r&!y 0on("(#&1 o4 #5& #&(#">ony o4 5"( o6n >o#5&r #5a# 5& 6a( 0on:n&1 a# #5& +"0u#an R&5a&n# o4 5"(a11"0#"on #o 7a(o!"n&, no# 4or (05";o5r&n"a, an1 #5a# 5& 6a( a!(o >&1"a#&!y r&0&1"n7 or a# #5& '&ry >o>&n# o4 #5& ="!!"n7.On #5& o#5&r 5an1, #5& &'"1&n0& (5o6( #5a# a00u(&1%a&!!an# 5a1 a >o#"'& 4or ="!!"n7 5"( 4a#5&r.T5& !a##&r 6an#&1 #o u# 5"> u "n ano#5&r 5ou(& a1& #rouor&.I# 6a( &n#"r&!yo(("&n# an1 #5a# 5& on!y (u$&r&1 a >&n#a! (05";o5r&n"a 65&n #a=&n #o #5& Na#"ona! .&n#&r 4or 2&n#a! H&a!#5 on S&>!&!y 1&r"'& #5& o$&n1&r o4 #5& 0on(0"ou(n&(( o4 5"( a0#(, "# >ay n&'&r#5&!&(( (05";o5r&n"a or any >&n#a! "!!n&(( a# #5& #">& ">>&1"a#&!y r&0&&1"n7 or a# #5& '&ry >o>&n# o4 #5& 0o>>"(("on o4 #5& 0r">& #5a# 0ou!1 1">"n"(5 5"( 6"!!%o6&r.4. I*.I ,GGR,@,TING .IR.92ST,N.ESI *)ELLINGI NOT ,PPRE.I,TE* )HERE ,SS,IL,NT ,N* @I.TI2 LI@E IN S,2EHO9SE. *6&!!"n7 0anno# (#an0& "( #5& '"o!a#"on o#5&r, 2ar"na Ga& 5& ="!!&1 5"( 4a#5&r, non&!&((,#5& r&0or1 1o&( no# (5o6 #5a# 5& "( a 5a& a( an a77ra'a#"n7 0"r0u>(#an0&.E'&ry a77ra'a#"n7 0"r0u>(#an0& >u(# "#"7a#"n7 "n #5"( 0a(& r&5&n1 #5& 6ron74u!n&(( o4 5"( a0#(. T5& r&(u!# "( #5a# a00u(&1%a&!!an#( "n#oH"0a#"on 0anno# (#an0& nor >"#"7a#"n7 0"r0u>(#an0& "n #5"( 0a(&, #5& !&((&r &na!#y o4 r&0!u("on &rua (5ou!1