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City Public Realm SPD: People Places, Projects

CITYPUBLICREALMPEOPLE PLACES PROJECTS

TECHNICAL MANUAL

Contact us:

City Public Realm Department of the Built EnvironmentCity of London CorporationGuildhallPO Box 270London EC2P 2EJ

Telephone: 020 7606 3030Email: [email protected]

www.cityoflondon.gov.uk

www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/citypublicrealm

Version 01 July 2016

Manual prepared by:

www.growthindustry.co.uk

City Public Realm Technical Manual

3

Principles for streetscape compositionYorkstonepavingGranite settsAsphaltRoadmarkingsKerbs HazardwarningpavingInspection coversDrainagefurnitureCourtesycrossingsDroppedkerbsLoadingbaysHistoric lanes

IntroductionAbout this technical manual

Principles for furniture placementBollardsCycle standsLitterbinsandrecyclingbinsSeatingIntegratedfurnitureprotectionWayfindingandinterpretationsignsDrinkingfountainsSteps & handrailsBoundary demarcation studsHeritagefeatures

PrinciplesforplantingTreesTreegrillesTree pitsPlantingandplanterbedsTrellisingWatering&Irrigation

CONTENTS

01

02

03

SURFACE MATERIALS

STREET FURNITURE

TREES AND PLANTING

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Historyhas leftan indeliblemarkon theCity’spublic realm,composedasarichtapestryofancientmeanderinghighways,intimate lanes and alleyways, cherished open spaces andhiddengardensandchurchyards.Thesestreetsandspacesformtheconstantbackdroptocitylifeandtheever-changingurban fabric. Since Roman times, they have provided agenuinely public place of trade, residence and ceremony.Today,thisvariedanddenseurbanrealmprovidesanarrayof interconnected routes and opportunities for interaction,commerceandculturalexpression.

Thefurnishingofthepublicrealm,from its paved surfaces to its distinctive furniture livery to the provision of statuesque trees and green spaces, presents a harmonious and identifiabletreatmentextendingthroughouttheCity,reflectingitsuniqueand intrinsiccharacter. This TechnicalManual seeks tobuildupon the recent and ongoing public realm enhancementprojects and ensure the City’s public realm continues topresent a safe, inclusive and welcoming sense of place,respectfulofancientheritageandbefittingarapidlyevolvingworld-classcity.

INTRODUCTION


5

ABOUT THIS TECHNICAL MANUAL

The purpose of this technical manual is to act as a reference documentfordesignersanddevelopersoperatingwithinthepublic realm and private spaces of the City of London. Itprovidesguidanceonthematerialselection,visualaestheticandqualityexpectationsforsurfacematerials,streetfurniture,treesandplanting.ItistheexpectationthattheseelementswillofferalastingcontributiontothestreetsandspacesoftheCityasawholeandshouldberesponsiblysourced, robustlyimplementedandmaintainable.

The contents of this public realm Technical Manual are both prescriptive, where specific materials and elementsare generally to be used, as well as descriptive, outliningthe expectations on design, layout and other materialconsiderations.Thismanualshouldtobereadinconjunctionwith the City Public Realm SPD (adopted 2016) and will be updatedperiodicallyovertime.

Certain spaces within the City, often brought about bynew development, offer the chance for greater andmoredistinctive spaces, building upon and extending the richhistoryofchange.Insuchinstances,theremaybeexceptionalopportunities to vary the baseline guidance on materialselectionand introducemore tailoredandbespokedesignsolutionsextending the senseofqualityplacemakingwithintheCity.Suchexceptionalcircumstancesaretobediscussedwith the City Public Realm team at the City of London DepartmentoftheBuiltEnvionment.


7

Aconnected,inclusiveandintuitivepedestrianexperienceiskeytotheongoingsuccessof theCity’spublic realm.Thereare three principal surface materials used to furnish the streets andspaceswithintheCity-Yorkstone,graniteandasphalt.

This sectiononsurfacematerialsoutlinesthevariousunitsizes,materialfinishesandcompostionofsuchmaterialsandhowtheyarecombinedtoensureadistinctiveandlastinggroundplaneisestablishedfortheCitynowandintothefuture.

Asetofguidingprinciplesforsurfacematerialsareoutlined,supportedby Illustrativematerial composition studies. Theserepresent the standard details and layouts expected within theCity’spublicrealm.

1Contents

Principles for streetscape compositionYorkstonepavingGranite settsAsphaltRoadmarkingsKerbs HazardwarningpavingInspection coversDrainagefurnitureCourtesycrossingsDroppedkerbsLoadingbaysHistoric lanes

SURFACE MATERIALS

1

2

3

6

6

4

7

8

PRINCIPLES OF STREETSCAPE COMPOSITION

Surface treatments to streets and spaces within the City aretobeinformedbythefollowingkeyprinciplesasillustrated

1 Primarystreetpavingrunsthrough

2 Pavingislaidperpendiculartothekerblinenotbuildingline

3 Raisedtablesprovidecourtesycrossingofsecondaryroutes

4 Droppedkerbsatkeycarriagewayalongdesirelines

5 Integratedloadingbaystomaximisepavementwidths

6 Surfacepavinggrainandkerbwidthmaybereducedonnarrow streets and alleyways

7 Generaldrainagecrossfallof1in40tobeobserved

8 Masticinfillmaybeneededagainstbuildingedgestoavoidgapformationwithadjacentsurfacematerialbutinfillwidthtobekepttoaminimum

9


SURFACE MATERIALS1

1

5

SURFACE MATERIALS

11


Standard Footway paving

The standardmoduleofYorkstonepavingtobeusedontheCityfootwaysis600mmwide,cutinrandomlengthsand63or75mmthickwithadiamondsawnfinish.Thispavingistobelaidinarandomcourserunningperpendicularfromthekerblinetothebuilding.

300

150

600

Key Criteria

Material ScoutmoorAppearance Diamond sawn all sidesUnit Sizes 600mmwidthxvaryinglengthx63/75mmdeep

Jointing 6 mmSealant Pave Saver contamination repellent

Yorkstonepaving

Carriageway Kerb Footway

SURFACE MATERIALS

12


York stone Setts

Smaller unit Yorkstonepavingistobelaidonlyinnarrowfootways (less than 1500mm wide) where heavy vehicles often mount the footway or in central pedestrian island crossingswherepavedspaceisatapremium.

Yorkstonepaving

300300

150

200

Key Criteria

Material ScoutmoorAppearance Diamond sawn all sidesUnit Sizes 200x300x63/75mm

Layingpattern Half-lap(staggered)



SURFACE MATERIALS

13


Manchester bond

The moreintricateandtesselatingManchesterbondcanbeused inhistoricstreetscapes, landscapedareasor insmallerspacesthatareirregularinshape.

Yorkstonepaving

300 300

600

900

Key Criteria

Material ScoutmoorAppearance Diamond sawn all sidesUnit Sizes 300x300/300x600/600x600/600x900x63/75mmdeep



SURFACE MATERIALS

14


Key Criteria

Material GraniteAppearance Flamed top surface

Diamond sawn all sidesHewntopedgeto20mm

Unit Sizes 300 x150x150mmthick

Jointing 10mmwide,3mmrecessed

Colour 30%mid-grey/70%silvergrey

Illustrative plan Silver Grey Granite KerbDouble Mid Grey channel (300 x 150mm)2 Colour Granite sett mix (300 x 150mm)

300 300300

2 Colour mix

Granitesettsaretobelaidascarriagewaysurfacinginhistoricstreetscapes where appropriate and for courtesy crossings.Thetwocolourmixoflightandmidgreygraniteistobelaidinarandompattern,withadoublemidgreychannelagainstallkerbedges.

Granite Setts

100

150

1

1

2

2

3

3

Kerb Carriageway(raised)

SURFACE MATERIALS

15


3 Colour mix Thethreecolourgranitemixintroducesapinktonedgranitetoaccompanythelightandmidgreycoloursandistobeusedinhistoricsettingsincludingconservationareas.Tobelaidinarandompattern,withadoublemidgreychannelagainstallkerbedges.

Key Criteria

Material GraniteAppearance Flamed top surface

Diamond sawn all sidesHewntopedgeto20mm

Unit Sizes 300 x150x150mmthick

Jointing 10mmwide,3mmrecessed

Colour 15%pink35%mid-grey50%silvergrey

Illustrative plan Silver Grey Granite KerbDouble Mid Grey channel (300 x 150mm)3 Colour Granite sett mix (300 x 150mm)

300 300300

Granite Setts

100

150

1

1

2

2

3

3

Kerb Carriageway(raised)

SURFACE MATERIALS

16


Asphalt is used as the principal carriageway surfacingmaterial throughout theCity. It isalsousedalong footwaysasanalternative surface toYork stone. TheCityof LondonHighwaysdepartment shouldbeconsultedover itsuseandfull specification with particular consideration given to themanagement and disturbance caused by service utilitiesdisruptionandrepair.

Asphalt

225

Key Criteria Ashpalt Carriageway

Surface course HotRolledAsphaltwith0-10mmchippingsorhighstonecontent

Surfacethickness 50mmthick

Base 300mmthickconcretebasetoHighwaysstandard

Mastic channel 225mmwide50mmthickmasticasphaltchannelbesidekerb

Key Criteria Ashpalt Footway

Surface course Mastic AsphaltSurfacethickness 25mmthick(minimum)

Base 100mmthickconcretebasetoHighwaysstandard

1

1

2

2

4

4

5

5

3

3

SURFACE MATERIALS

17


Roadmarkingsshouldbedesignedandlaidsoastominimisetheirvisual impact,whilestillconformingfullytotherelevantlegal requirements set down in The Traffic Signs RegulationsandGeneralDirections 2016andclearlydemonstrating therequirements of the relevant TrafficManagementOrders toroadusers.Thiscanbeachievedthroughusingthenarrowestlinewidths, the shortest kerbmark lengths and the smallestwordingpermissible under theRegulations; andbyomittingall unnecessary optional markings. In addition, where roadmarkingsarerequiredtobeinyellow,theDeepCreamcolourshouldbeused.Theseprinciplesshouldbeappliedthroughoutthe City to ensure a consistent approach.

Roadmarkings

150 150 150 150

5050 50

Key Criteria

Colour Deep CreamMaterial Thermoplastic paintLine width 50mm

Illustrative plans Single line marking Double line marking

Kerb KerbCarriageway Carriageway

SURFACE MATERIALS

18


Silvergreygraniteistobeusedforallkerbedges.Kerbwidthis dependant upon the overall scale of the street but 300mm widekerbisthepredominantwidthfornewlyinstalledkerbs.Anarrower150mmwidekerbmaybeusedfornarrowlanesandalleywaysaswellasforcourtesycrossings.

Additionally, narrow York stone edging kerbs (50 x 225mm)may be placed at the rear of footpaths or planted areas to provideaflushtransition.Theseedgekerbsmayalsobeusedtomarkachangeinyorkstonepavingdirection.

Kerbs

300 150

150

150

150

150

200300

125mmupstand

Granite KerbConcrete bed & haunchAdjacent footway

1

123

1

2

2

3 3

Key Criteria

Kerb type Wide kerb Narrow kerb

Material Granite Granite

Colour Silvergrey Silvergrey

Appearance Flamedfinishfrontandtopface,sawnallsides

Flamedfinishfrontandtopface,sawnallsides

Dimensions 300 x 200 x 900 mmStraightlengths/radialunits

150 x 300 x 900 mmStraightlengths/radialunits

SURFACE MATERIALS

19


Hazardwarningpaving

Tactileorhazardwarningpavingistobeusedwherepedestrianuserswillpotentiallyencounterachangeinsurfacecontinuityorfreemovement,suchasinteractingwithvehiclecrossmovementsordefinedlevelchangesintheformofsteps.Ingeneral,tactilepavingshouldbeformedoutofYorkstonetomaintainacontinuitywithfootwaymaterials.Thetactilenatureofblisterorcordoroypavingunitsaredescribedbelow.TheCorporation’sAccessTeamshouldbeconsultedonallstreetenhancementschemes.

Key Criteria

Pavingtype Blister paving Corduroy paving

Description Blistertactilepavingisto be used at controlled crossingsandwherethereisanuncontrolledcrossingpoint across a vehicular route,suchasaraisedtable,towarnusersofthedangerandminimiseriskofinadvertentlywalkingintoavehicleroute.

Corduroytactilepaving is used in association with steps or where visually impaired people need to be warned of a hazard and advised toproceedwithcaution.Corduroypavingshouldbesupplied in the same material asthesurroundingpavingtoprovidevisualintegration.

Unit Size 400 x 400x63mmthick 400 x 400x63mmthick

Material ScoutmoorYorkstone tomatchsurroundingmaterial

Layingpattern Stackbondtonationalguidelines

Stackbondtonationalguidelines

Appearance Raised circular blisters to meet technical access standards

Grooved stone to meet technical access standards

SURFACE MATERIALS

20


The integration of inspection covers within the streetscenewillfollowtheprincipletoalignaccessandinspectioncoverswhereposssibletothegeneralgrainofpavingslabs,forbothexisting and newly placed covers as part of streetscapeimprovements.

The insertion of recessed manhole covers within the footway will ensure continuity of paving surface material with theexpectation thatpaving jointswill run through the recessedcover.Notallcoversallowforrecessedmaterial,suchasfirehydrants and sewer covers, but where applicable 100mmdeepinsetcoverstoloadingclassB125/C250/D400(locationdependant)willbeencouraged.TheCorporation’sHighwaysteamaretobeconsultedforappropriatespecification.

Inspection covers

SURFACE MATERIALS

21


Gully Covers

Gully coversaretobeintegratedintobothfootwayandcarriagewaypavementdesignwithdetailedconsiderationgiventosurfacefallsandgradientsaspartofthedrainagedesign.

Drainagefurniture

Drainage Channels

Linear drainagechannelsare tobeused tocollect surfacewaterwheregulliesarenotsuitable.Astandardcrossgroovedchannel cover width of either 149mm for pedestrian or 199mm forcarriagewayistobeused.Thenarrowerchannelmaybeusedonfootwaysforprivateboundarydefinitionandlocaliseddrainagepoints.

Key Criteria

Cover location Footway Carriageway

Product Hauraton City (Class C250)

City (Cycle friendly DU5801M)(Class D400)

Supplier Hauraton DureyCastings

Material StainlessSteelgrating&frame,Straightbar,10mmspacing

Ductile IronBlackpainted

Dimensions 300 x 300 x100 mm 450 x 400 x100 mm

Key Criteria

Product Hauraton SW100/6 ‘Heelguard’ grating

Supplier Hauraton

Class C250forfootways/D400forcarriageway/vehiclecrossovers

Channel type FaserfixSuperKS100channel

Material Galvanised steel

Dimensions 149/199mminwidthwith10mmspacingcrosshatchgrip

SURFACE MATERIALS

22


Pedestrianpriorityovervehiclesshouldbeextendedthroughtheintroductionofraisedcourtesycrossingswhereappropriate.Easilynegotiable streetcrossingpointsconsistingofa raisedareaofcarriagewaybetweenfootwayseffectivelymakesthefootwaycontinuousandcansignificantlyenhancethewalkingexperience.Peopleshouldbeabletocrossstreetsfrequentlyandinadirect,inclusiveanduncomplicatedmanner.Raised crossingsmay continue as raised carriageways or descendaftercrossovertomaintainkerbedgecontinuity.

Granite setts are the principal material to be used for courtesy crossingswithintheCity.AsphaltsurfacingandonoccasionsmallunitYorkstonesettshavealsobeenused.

Courtesycrossings

Granitesettedcourtesycrossing

SURFACE MATERIALS

23


Courtesycrossings

Narrowflushgranite150mmGranitekerbGranite sett mix (300x150)Double Mid Grey Granite channelYorkstoneblister tactile slabsYorkstonefootway

min 800mm 300 300

2

Illustrative plan

1 in 12 typical lengthvaries 1 in 20 typical

Illustrative section

Raisedcrossingsmustprovideappropriatetactilehazardwarningpavingintheformofblisterpavingslabsonapproach.Granitesettedcourtesycrossingsmaintainthedoublemidgreychannelbesidekerbs,withstandardnarrowgranitekerbsatthetopandbottomoftheslopedgradient.

1

1

1

1 11 1

4

2

2

2

2

5

3

345

sect

ion

line

Kerb

Footway

1: 12 typical

Carriageway

Carriageway(raised)

SURFACE MATERIALS

24


Droppedkerbs,wherebythepedestrianfootwayisloweredtomeetadjacentcarriageway,maybeusedatbothcontrolledcrossingsandinformal,uncontrolledcrossingsalongpedestriandesirelines.Thecreationofaccessiblegradientstotheslopedsurfaceshouldbeconstructedasacontinuationofthesurroundingpavementmaterials,establishingaseamlessintegrationandmaintainingpavementcontinuity.Thedroppedkerbisgenerallytobelaidflushwithcarriagewaysurfacing,withamaximumupstandof15mmpermissable.

Droppedkerbs

Illustrative plan & section

Hot Rolled Aphalt CarriagewayMastic channel 225mmWide 300mm Granite KerbTransitionGranitekerbYorkstonefootway

300

varies

maxfallof1:12/idealfallof1:20 1:40width varies

1

2

1 2

45

5

5

2

3

3

3

4

sect

ion

line

Kerb

Footway

max fall of 1:12ideal fall of 1:20

max fall of 1:11max fall of 1:11

Carriageway

pavingrunsthrough

SURFACE MATERIALS

25


Loadingbaysincorporatedintothepedestrianfootwayprovideadefinedareaforthedeliveryofgoods,wherestreetsideloadingandunloadingisnecessary.Thelocation,capacityandmanagementofsuchbaysaresubjecttotheCorporationTransportationTeam’sapproval.

Loadingbaysaretobeconstructedofgranitesettsrunningperpendiculartothekerblineandslopedtowardsthecarriageway,establishingastepfreepavementcontinuitywhennotoccupiedbydeliveryvehicles.Theinclusionofbollards for vehicle control should be considered in relation toavailablefootwaywidthandpedestrianflow.

Loadingbays

Illustrative plan & section

Hot Rolled Aphalt CarriagewayWide 300mm Granite KerbDropperGranitekerbGranite sett mix (300x150)Double Mid Grey Granite channelYorkstonefootway

300

300

300

typically2.4m(loadingbay)or2.0m(parking/disabledbay)

1:40

1

1

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

6

2

2

2

2

3

3

sect

ion

line

1 42

Kerb

Footway

Carriageway

SURFACE MATERIALS

26


ThefinegrainofhistoriclanesandalleywaysofferasignificantandparticularlycharacteristiccontributiontothepublicrealmnetworkoftheCity.

The alignment,connectivityandoftennarrowproportionsoftheseroutes,alliedwithhistoricplacenames,providean intricate and important canvas for public realm enhancement.Considerationsinfluencinganydesignenhancementworksandmaterialarrangementsshouldinclude;

• The individual character and history of each location• Thehistoricalignmentofthestreetorspace• The level of intensity of pedestrian or vehicle movements• Theavailablewidthandproportionofstreetorspacee.g.

sufficientsafeinclusivewidthoffootway

The above factors should determine the most appropriate designresponse,inparticularthedecisionwhethertolowerorraisethecarriagewayandalsotheappropriatedetailingofcarriagewayandfootwaysurfaces,suchashistorickerbretentionandtheuseofgranitesetts.

Historic lanes

SURFACE MATERIALS

27


Historic lanes

Retainedraisedkerbtocarriageway

Raisedcarriagewaywithflushkerbline

Contents

Principles for furniture placement BollardsCycle standsLitterbinsandrecyclingbinsSeatingIntegratedfurnitureprotectionWayfindingandinterpretationsignsDrinkingfountainsSteps & handrailsBoundary demarcation studsHeritagefeatures


29

Streetfurnitureprovidesarangeofopportunitiestoguide,inform,pauseandparticipatewiththepublicrealmoftheCity.Thissectionidentifiestheelementsoffurniturethatcontribute to the street scene and considers their placement anddistribution.Itistheintentionthatsuchitemsprovideahighquality,convenientandcomfortableexperiencetoalluserswhoengagewiththemanddonotclutterthepublicrealmorimpedemovementandactivities.Thepublicrealmanditsfurnishingsshouldrespondtoongoingneedandinplacesoffertechologicalconnectivity,suchaswi-fiandpowerprovision,toencouragetheincreasinglypopularoutdoorusageofthepublicrealmbycityworkersandvisitorsalike.

Asetofguidingprinciplesforfurnitureplacementisoutlined,supported by descriptions of furniture elements and keycriteriaforspecification.

STREET FURNITURE2

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4

2

3

7

5

5

1

9


31

2 STREET FURNITURE

6

PRINCIPLES FOR STREET FURNITURE PLACEMENT

Street furniture opportunities within the City are to be informedbythefollowingkeyprinciplesasillustrated

1 A clear pedestrian width of 2 metres where possible is to be maintainedalongthestreet,freeofobstaclesandclutter

2 Street furniture should be located in a zone adjacent to thekerblinetomaintainunobstructedaccesstobuildingfrontages

3 Wherespaceallows,groupingsofstreetfurnituresuchasseatingclustersmaybepositionedtoreinforcesenseofplace and destination

4 Itemssuchaspostboxesandsignageshouldofferaclearspaceforgatheringaroundandavoidobscuringthevisionandvisibiltyofuserswhencrossingthecarriageway

5 TheCityhasuniquepowerstoaffixlightingontobuildings.Lightingcolumnsareonlyconsideredinexceptionalcircumstances

6 Cyclestandsshouldbelocatedbesidekerblines

7 TrafficSignsshouldbemountedontobuildingswhereappropriate to reduce street clutter

8 Bollardplacementshouldbeinformedbydefiniteneedand carefully considered in response to context and movement patterns

9 Inlaid boundary demarcation studs to denote ownership

City Public Realm Technical ManualSTREET

FURNITURE

32

Therearetwoprincipalbollardtypestobeused;theC3andD3Typebollards.Theyshouldbeusedwherethereisadefiniteneedandtheirplacementshouldbecarefullyconsideredtoavoidoverclutteringthestreetscene.Bollardsprovideprotectiontobothpavingandbuildingsandoffersafetyforpedestrians.

Options exist foreitherdemountablebollards,whererequired,orupgradingtobecomecrashratedbollardswherevehiclesmayoverrunfootwayeg.C3bollards.ThemanagementofremovablebollardsshouldbeagreedwithCoLHighwaysDepartment.

In addition,thereareawiderangeofhistoricbollardsthroughoutthecitywhichshouldberetainedandrestoredwhereverpossibleastheyreinforcelocalcharacter.Historicbollardscanalsobere-castforuseinstreetenhancementschemes.

Bollards

C3 Bollard D3 Bollard

Historic bollard example

C3 Bollard

D3 Bollard

12001304

270204

160

500

150


FURNITURE

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1500mmmin.frombuilding

1200mmmin.between

1200 mm 450mm from kerbface

buildingline

Footwaycross-section

BollardsWhererequired,theplacementofbollardsshouldfollowtheminimumspacingsbetweenbollardsoutlinedbelowwhenplacedadjacenttobuildingsandkerbs.

Placement Criteria

BollardtoBuilding 1500 mm preferred minimum

Bollard to Bollard 1200 mm clear between bollards

Bollard to Kerb 450mmminimumfromthefrontfaceofkerb


FURNITURE

34

Cyclestandsaretobelocatedinsafe,wellsurveilledandconvenientlocationsinresponsetoanexistingoranticipatedneedforcycleparking.‘A’framestandgroupingsgenerallyrangefrom3to12innumber,spacedtoaccommodatetwocyclesperstandwithadditionalsecurefixingprovidedbythecrossbar.Cyclepathswithinpedestrianpriorityspacesmaybemarkedwithaninlaidnaturalstonemarkerslab.

Cycle stand

1200 mm

525

800

1200 mm

pavingrunsthrough

min 650 mm fromkerbline

1200

Key Criteria

Product Arc Cycle stand

Supplier Dee-OrganLtd

Appearance 48 mm Ø brushed tubular stainless steel

Inlaid natural stone cycle lanemarkerslab

Kerb Footway


FURNITURE

35

Litterbins should be placed where they do not obstruct pedestriandesirelinesandthevisibilityofusers,arecarefullypositioned to reduce clutter and visual impact and are inkeepingwiththesurroundingbuiltenvironment.

Litterbinsandrecyclingbins

1264

450500

635681

buildingline

Key Criteria

Product BigBellySolarCompactorbin

Supplier 570 litres

Material Galvanized sheet metal steel interior and exterior construction

Appearance BlackpaintedwithCityofLondonlogo

Cigarette butt bin

Cigarettebuttbinsmaybepostmounted,bollardmountedorfloor-mountedonfreestandingbases.TheintentionistoprovideaconvenientandaccessiblewaytomanagethechallengeofcigarettebuttandchewinggumcollectiontoavoidlitteringthestreetsoftheCity.


FURNITURE

36

Seating

SeatingisavitalcomponentoftheCitypublicrealm.Comfortableseatingshouldbeplacedintherightlocationsandoutofpedestriandesirelines,withsufficientspaceeithersideofdesignatedfurnituretoinvitealluserstopausesafely.ConsideredseatingprovidesuserswithaplacetorestortostaylongerandcontributetoalivelierCity.

Arangeofseatingoptionsexisttocreateopportunitiesforpause,ineitherindividualgroupsoronlargercapacitybenches.Timberbenchesshouldpreferablybeconstructedfromoak,withintermediatearmstoassistpeoplewithdisabilitiesanddiscourageroughsleepers.Informallyarrangedgroupsof2to3seatsprovidepointsofinteraction,oftenfittingeasierintosmallscaleschemestoprovidefurtherenjoymentofthestreetscene.Thefixingofseatstothegroundisakeyconsideration.

Stone seatingfitswellinmorecontemporarystreetscapes,ofteninconjunctionwithplantingbeds,andformsattractiveandrobustmulti-functionalseatingelementsthatshouldincludeintegratededgeprotectionmeasures.

Moveablefurniture,suchastheredandblackCityofLondonfoldingchairsandtables,havebeenintroducedwithinurbanspaces.Theyprovidefurtheroccasionalseatingopportunitiesandintroduceflexibilitytooutdoorseatingprovision.OpportunitiesforsuchtemporaryfurnitureshouldbediscussedwiththeCity’sPublicRealmsection.

Moveable furniture Integratedseatingandplanting

Stoneseating

Individual timber seats

Timberbackedbenches


FURNITURE

37

Integratedfurnitureprotection

Streetfurnitureelementsareexposedtogeneralwearandtearandactivitiessuchasskateboardingoftenresultingindamage.Furnitureelementsthatmaybeaffectedareplanters,walls,stepsandbenches,andinparticularlongexposedlengthsofseatingandwalling.

It is important to consider potential problems and measures torestrictdamageatanearlystageinthedesignprocess.Considerationsoverthepositioningofstreetfurnitureelements,theirheightandmaterialchoicemayallinfluencetheexposureandriskofdamage.Protectivemeasuresshouldbe‘designed-in’toallstreetenhancementschemeswherevulnerablefeaturesorexposededgesareincluded.

Inthecaseofstonefurnitureandedges,theinsertionofgroovescutintostoneelementsadda‘break’toacontinuousedge.Similarlythesurfacetreatmentofthestonefinish,suchascroppingorrusticfinish,mayalsoprovidedeterrent.Intermediatearmrestsorupstandstobenchesnotonlyprovideedgeprotectionbutalsoaddadditionaleaseofuseandcomfortfortheuser.

Groove cut into stone

Stone upstands and armrests

Roughcroppedstonefacetoplanter


FURNITURE

38

ThefamilyofwayfindingsignswithintheCityincludesmappoints,nodepoints,fingerpostsandwall-mounteddirectionalsigns.Allsignsareconstructedfromblackanodisedaluminiumtogiveahighquality,long-lastingfinish.Themappoints and node points also include vitreous enamel maps toaidway-finding.Interpretationsignsarealsoincludedtoreinforce sense of place and may contain information about thehistoryofanareaorrefertohistoricfactsandevents.

Wayfindingandinterpretationsigns

Signagesuite

Fingerpost Wall mounted Node points Map boards


FURNITURE

39

Drinkingfountains

Theprovisionanddistributionofpublicdrinkingfountainsisdeterminedbyneedbroughtaboutbyhighpedestrianfootfallandvisitordemand.Suchfountainsaregenerallyonlylocatedinlargerpublicgatheringspacesassociatedwith visitor attractions and locations are subject to further consultationwiththeCity’sPublicRealmteam.

Key Criteria

Supplier Santa & Cole

Material Blackpainted,Bronzetap

Dimensions 1200 x 300 x 150 mm

1100

300 150


FURNITURE

40

Steps and handails are required where immediate level changesoccuralongfootways,withinurbanspacesoronapproachtobuildingsthatcannotberesolvedinaninclusivemannerbyusingsurfacegradientsandslopes.Thepreferredapproachtostepdesignistousenaturalstone,eitherYorkstoneorgranite,withtheappropriatecolourcontrastappliedtostepnosing.Tactilecorduroypavingtomatchthesurroundingsurfacematerialsisrequired.

Handraildesignmustaccordwithrelevantaccessguidanceintermsofmaterialchoice,profile,placementandintegratedprotectivedetailtoresistdamageandmisuse.TheCorporation’sAccessteamistobeconsultedonsteprequirementsanddesign.

Steps and handrails


FURNITURE

41

Inlaid metal boundary studs are to be provided within footwaysurfacingtodemarkownershipboundarieswithintheCity.Thedelineationofownershipdoesnotmeansurfacematerialsshouldbechangedandcontinuityofmaterialtounifythestreetscenewillbeencouraged.

The circular studs are installed with a 5 mm upstand and may beeitherdomedorbeveledged.

Boundary demarcation studs

Key Criteria

Material Brass or Strainless steel (subject to location)

Supplier Kent Stainless

Dimensions 25 mm Ø with 5 mm upstand and 38 mm deep thread

Spacing 1500mmcentresalongstraightsand300mmcentreswhenchangingdirection

Fixing Coredrill10mmØholetodepth45mmfilledwithepoxyresin

25 25

8 8

5 5

38 38


FURNITURE

42

Heritagefeatures

Areasofhistoricpavingandstreetfurnituremakeasignificantcontributiontothepublicrealmandtheirongingcontributionto the street scene as part of any enhancement proposals shouldbeconsideredcarefully.Whenevaluatingexistingheritagefeatures,thefollowingcriteriashouldbeconsidered;

In the caseofremovalofanasset,enhancementschemesshouldseekopportunitiestore-interpretthehistoryofaplacewithamodernintervention,extendingthehistoriccharacterintermsofproportions,detailingandcompositionofnewmaterialelements.EnhancementsschemeswithinConservationAreasoradjacenttolistedbuildingsshouldbedesignedtotakeaccountofthespecificcharacteristicsoftheareaandfeaturesofthesebuildings.

Key Criteria

Condition The material asset is still structurallly sound and provides a lastingcontributiontothestreetorspace

The material asset is safe and does not provide access challengesintermsofsafety,slipresistance,visualcontrastaswellasnotbeinganobstacletorequiredmovement

Contribution Whereassetsreinforceahistoriccomposition,alignmentormakeanaestheticallyvaluablecontributiontothestreetscenesuchthattheretentionand/orreplicationoftheasset will extend the uniqueness of place

Historic value Thisrequiresanassessmenttodetermineheritagevaluebasedontheage,condition,contributionandanyrelevantheritagelistings.Thiswillallowfordiscussionofretention,potentialreuse,replicationorremoval.

ListedTelephoneKiosk


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Arangeofheritageassetsmaybefoundwithinthesurfacegroundplane,asuniqueobjectsofstreetfurnitureorfixedtobuildingsasfolllows:

Historic paving materials

SurfacematerialssuchasPurbeckstone,CaithnessandgranitesettsfoundthroughouttheCityaddlocalcharmanddistinctivenesstoanarea.Retentionwherepossibleistobeencouragedtomaintaintheirimbuedhistory,characterfulpatina,individualscaleandcontributiontothedistinctivenessofplace.

Historic street furniture elements

•Significantheritagefurnitureassetsmayinclude:•Coalhole/manholecovers•Bollards•Edgebollards(protectionfromstagecoaches)•Foot/bootscrapers•Historicbenches,kiosksandpostboxes•Traditionallampstands•Parishmarkers,plaques,milestones,boundarymarkers(afixedtobuildings)•Drinkingfountains•ListedTelephonekiosks

Heritagefeatures

Drinkingfountain

HistoricPurbeckstone Granite cobbles HistoricPurbeckandgranite

Wardboundarymarkers Coal hole covers

Contents

PrinciplesforplantingTreesTreegrillesTree pitsPlantingandplanterbedsTrellisingWatering&Irrigation


45

The public realm provides a number of opportunities to introduce trees, planting and other natural elements. TheCity of London supports schemes that seek to increasenatural biodiversity, improve environmental conditions suchasair quality and safeguard thecontributionof thenaturalenvironment over the coming decades as climatic factorscontinuetochange.

Whilst much emphasis is rightly placed on the significantcontribution of green infrastructure to thecharacter of the public realm within the City, successfulplanting thatwill contribute in the long term is not withoutits challenges. Below ground conditions, often rich inarchaeology and an array of service utilities, present aconsiderable challenge to attaining appropriate rootvolumes for planting, particularlyfor trees. Careful treespecies selection focusing on growth habit, vigourand irrigation demand is critical inachieving long termsuccess.

This section identifies the technical requirements andconsiderations for successful plant selection and implementation.

TREES & PLANTING3

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TREES & PLANTING3

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PRINCIPLES FOR PLANTING

Plantingopportunities within the City are to be informed by thefollowingkeyprinciplesasillustrated

1 Appropriatespaceforrootandcanopygrowthtobeensuredaroundexistingheritagetreesretainedornewlyplanted feature trees

2 Streettreeplantingat8mcentresbetweenavenuetreestoalsoconsiderbelowgroundarchealogicalandutilityconstraints,proximitytobuildingsandcarriagewaymovement

3 Clearstemtostreettreestobeminimum2.5-2.75m

4 Plantingbedswithinnaturalgroundarepreferredtoallowforsuccessfulplantingandlessintensivemaintenance

5 Introductionofabovegroundplanters(fixedormoveable)whereprotectionisdesiredorbelowgroundconstraintsdetermine

City Public Realm Technical ManualTREES &

PLANTING

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TreesTreesprovidemanybenefitsintheurbanenvironment.Theirmass can not only create a balance with the density of buildingsandestablishanenhancedsenseofplacebutalsocontributegreatlytoimprovedairquality,biodiversityandwellbeing.ManyoftheCitystreetsaregreatlyenhancedbytreeplantingandallmajorpublicrealmenhancementschemes should address the question of whether it is possible toincludetrees.

Keychallengesincludethepresenceofbasements,tunnels,buildingoverhangsandtheproliferationofundergroundutilityductsandpipesintheHighwayoftenmakingitverydifficulttolocatesuitablesitesforthesustainablelongtermgrowthoftrees.Suitablelocationsfortreesmustalsotakeaccountprotectedviews,vehicleandbuildingsightlines,spaceforthecrownofthetreetodevelopwithoutconflictingwithbuildingsorhighvehiclesandtoallowsufficientdistancebetweenthetreesthemselves.Thereisscopeforplantingmediumorsmallersizedtreesinrestrictedlocationsand,inexceptionalcircumstances,forconsideringtreeswhicharemaintainedatarestrictedsizethroughregularpruning.Speciesselectionshouldalsoconsiderallmaintenanceimplicationsassociatedwithlocation,vigourandform.

As well asthelimitationstotheuseoftrees,considerationshouldbegiventothepositiveuseofthesize,shape,form,texture,colourandseasonalinterestthattreescanprovide,suchasfloweringtreesandthoseofferingstrikingautumnalcolour.

Automatedirrigationtotreepitsispreferred.Incaseswherethisisnotprovied,theuseof‘treegators’oneachtreeformanualwateringpurposesisrequired.

Treegators,asmanualtreepitwateringprovision


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Standardtreegrille

Thestandardtreegrillefornewstreettreeplanting isa1206x 1206mm recessed steel frame. This grille is to be infilledwiththetwofootwaysurfacingoptionsofeitherYorkstoneorasphalt. WiththeuseofYorkstoneinfill,pavingjointsshouldalignandcontinuethepavingjointpattern.

The circular opening at the centre of the grille is to infilledwithaporousflexi-pavematerial,composedof50%recycledrubberand50% silvergrey stoneaggregate. Laidflush, thisinfill will enable pedestrian overrunwhilst allowing a flexiblefinishfortreetrunkexpansionandgrowth.Thestandardtreegrille offers two removable trays for tree pit access andanintegratedhingedwateringpoint. Bespoketreesgrillesmaybeusedinexceptionalcircumstancestofitwiththeparticularpaving pattern of a specific location or to accommodatelargeexistingtrees.

Illustrative plan with asphalt surrounds



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Standardtreegrille

1206

1206

800 pavingcutrunsthrough

Illustrative plan and section

Recessed steel frame Yorkstoneinfillpaving Flexi-paveporousinfill Wateringpointwithhingedselfclosingcover Treetrunk

Key Criteria Recessed cover with York stone infill

Product Urban Forest Tree Surround (twin tray)

Supplier SFH Maintenance Ltd

Dimensions 1206x1206mmwith800mmØcircularopening

Finish Hotdippedgalvanised

Circularopeninginfill KBIFlexi-pavecolour‘LondonGrey’


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Treesurroundforexistingtrees

Aflexiblesurfacingofrecycledrubbergranulesandstoneaggregateistobeusedasporousinfilltorecessedtreegrillesandaroundthebaseofexistingstreettrees.Pouredflushwithadjacentsurfaces,thisinfillnotonlyprovidesacontinuityoffootwaysurfacingbutalsoassistsinsustainableurbandrainageinfiltration.TheFlexi-pavematerialhasbeendevelopedtocomplimentthegraniteandYorkstonematerialspalette.

Flexi-paveYorkstonepavingGranitekerb

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Key Criteria

Product KBIFlexi-pave3-6mmgranule

Supplier KBI UK Ltd

Colour London Grey

Thickness 50mmthicklaidon50mmporousstonebasetomakeuplevels


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The standard detail for newly planted trees should utilise the followingcomponents,compositionofwhichmaybevariedinproportiontosuitthespecificrequirementsoftreeplantinglocation.Treepitdepthshouldbeaminimumof800m,idealllytoprovide1cubicmetreofsubstrate.

Standard tree pit construction

Key Components

Treeplanting 1 Newly planted tree to be planted level with nursery line

Tree surround 2 Treesurroundwithinlaidpavingmaterial

Infillmaterial 3 Flexi-paveporousinfillonporousstonebasetomakeuplevels

Root barrier 4 Root barrier where necessary in consultation with Open Spaces

Structural soil cells 5 Stratacell,orsimilarapprovedinconsultationwiththeOpenSpacesDepartment,tomaximisewidthanddepthofsupportedrootzoneinfilledwithtopsoil(BS3882sandyloam)

Stabilisation 6 Subsurfaceguyingtodeadmenorgroundanchors

Irrigationandaeration 7 60mmØirrigationandaerationpipeimmediatelyaroundtherootballlinkedtogrilleinsethingedwateringpointcover

Structural soil substrate 8 Rootball supported on structural tree soil

Soil substrate 9 Imported topsoil to BS 3882 (sandy loam)

Drainagelayer 10 100mmdrainagelayerofcleangravelbeneathgeonett membrane

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Carefulchoiceofplantsandplantingelementscangreatlyenlivenandsoftenthebuiltenvironment.Theycanbringcolourandseasonalinterestaswellasprovidinggreenstructureandformwithinthepublicrealm.

Theelementsthatareusedaremanyandvariedincludingformalhedges,informalshrubplanting,colourfulperennialplantingincludinggrasses,climbingplants,seasonalbeddingplantsandlawnareas.

All areas which are planted should include automatic irrigationifpossible.Considerationshouldbegivenatanearlystageastohowthisistobeachieved.Theavailabilityofanadjacentwatersourceisvitalforallplantedareas.Increasingly,theincorporationofplantingbedsasanintegralpartofthesustainableurbandrainagesystemistobeencouragedwheregroundconditionspermit.Plantspeciesare to be carefully selected to respond to climatic and seasonalfluctuationsbalancedwithstrongvisualaestheticsandbiodiverseconsiderations.

Thedetaileddesignandchoiceofplantsshouldbedevelopedinconsultationwith theOpenSpacesDepartment.


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Plantingandplanterbeds


PLANTING

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Ingroundplantingbeds

The preferred approachtoimplementinglonglastingplantingschemesistoestablishatgradeplantingintheformoflowretainedplantingbeds.Suchbedssupporttheabilityforplantrootstoextendintonaturalgroundconditions,toestablishgooddrainageconditionsandalloweaseofaccessformaintenancetothebenefitandvitalityoftheplanting.

Plantingbeds are to be retained by a low raised natural stonekerbofeithergraniteorYorkstonetoreducelittercollectiondemandsandprotectplantingfrompedestrianoverrun.

MinimumtopsoildepthsandsoilcompositionforplantingwithingroundlevelbedsaresubjecttothespecificationorapprovaloftheOpenSpacesDepartment.

Key Criteria Minimum topsoil depths required

Lawn 300 mm

Generalplanting 450 mm

Largeshurbs up to 700 mm

Small trees up to 1000 mm

Yorkstoneedgingasupstandtoplanterbed

Widegraniteedging

Narrowgraniteedging


PLANTING

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Raisedfixedplanters

Raised bedshavebeenusedtobringplantsintotheCitystreetscene.Theyprovideameansofgettingtreesandvegetationofimpactintoareaswherethereisnotasignificantsoildepthotherwiseavailable.Thesefixedstructurescanprovidehighqualityarchitecturalandsculptural elements in themselves and often incorporate seatingelements.Raisedplantersaregenerallyconstructedas either clad or solid stone structures and in a number of finishesappropriatetotheirsetting.

Raised plantersshouldhaveadequatedrainagewithconsiderationgiventothesub-baseanditsdrainagecapability.RaisedbedsaretobefilledtothespecificationorapprovaloftheOpenSpacesDepartment.Automaticirrigationshouldbeincludedinpermanentplanterstoreducemaintenancecosts.

The volumeofsoilprovidedwithinfixedplanterswilldeterminethemostsuitableplantspeciestobegrownforlongtermimpact,vigourandreducedmaintenancedemands.


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Mobile plantersMobile planters are principally used to demarcate entrances andthresholdstokeybuildingsandspaces,extendingthehistoryofusingleadcisternsinsimilarlocationsaroundtheCity.Theymayalsobeusedtointroducetemporarygreenerywheretheproximityofundergroundservicesoraccessrequirementsrestrictthecreationofpermanentplantingbeds.

As a miniumumwithineachplanter,adrainagelayerofLightweightExpandedAggregate(LECA4-10mmround)overthedrainageholesandafiltermembranematerialsuchas Terram 1000 or equivalent should be installed to prevent finesoilparticlesfromwashingoutontothepaving.Theappropriatesoilmix,plantingspeciesandirrigationdemandis to developed in consultation with the Open Spaces Department.

Asimple,coneshaped,bronzedesignisthepreferredplanterwithintheCity,offeringtwodifferentplantercapacities.

Key Criteria Small solid bronze planter Large bronze clad planter

Style Cone shaped planter Cone shaped planter

Supplier refer to City Public Realm IOTA

Dimensions 900mmhigh 1196mmhigh

Diameter Top 900mm Top1190mm/Bottom990mm

Construction/Finish Solid bronze 3mmthickZintecSteel,cladwith1.2mmBronze

900

1190

1196900


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Trellising

A trellis can provide an attractive vertical display of plants wheretreeswouldnotbeappropriate.Astainlesssteelwiresystem,installedvertically,providesalowmaintenancestrongsupportforarangeoftwiningclimbers.Thisshouldbeappropriatelyspecifiedaccordingtotheheightoftrellis,location,plantloadingandriskofvandalismorabuse.

For ease ofmaintenanceandaccess,trellisesshouldgenerallynotexceed2.5minheightotherwisemechanicalliftingequipmentwillbeneededtomaintain.Considerationmustbegiventowidthofplantingbedatthefootofthetrellisingalsoaffectingmeansofaccessformaintenanceandinspection.

Key Criteria

Supplier Jakob®INOXLINEorequivalent.

Material Stainless steel wire

Wire dimensions 4 mm


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Wateringandirrigation

Title:

Client:

Revision:

Sheet 1 of 1Sheet:

16/06/2014Date:

Designed By:

Checked By:

O. Mitchell

C. Knight

Scale & Drawing Size:

NTS @ A3Drawing No:

0 FTN-2392-1001

Fountaineers LimitedRecreational Water Engineers

Clinch Street FarmClinch StreetHigh Halstow

RochesterKent

ME3 8SP

City of LondonOpen Spaces Department

City GardensIrish Chambers

No. 1 Guildhall YardLondon

EC2P 2EJ

Proposed Irrigation Cabinet

Rev. Reason By C'Kd Date

00 Issued for approval CK 16/06/2014ORM

Irrigation cabinet

PlantingschemeswithintheCityaremanagedbyCityofLondonOpenSpacesDepartment.Irrigationrequirementsforsuchschemesincludetheprovisionofanabovegroundirrigationcabinet,associateddripfeedsurfacelaidpipenetworkandinthecaseoflargerplantingschemes,theprovisionofstandpipes.TheirrigationcabinetshouldbeIPrated,locatedadjacenttohardstandingforeaseofaccessandsitaboveabelowgroundbrickbuiltchamberof1m3 involume.Note:cabinetproportionsmayvarysubjecttolocation.

Key Criteria

Product Irrigationcabinet

Supplier Fountaineers Ltd

Dimensions 1204x1204x650mm(minimum600mmaboveground)Minimum internal width to be 1000mm

Appearance Galvanisedsteel,Blackpaintedsteel

System requirements Any connection to the mains must be installed with a double non-returncheckvalueasapprovedbytheWaterRegulationsAdvisory Scheme (WRAS)Overflowpipe–Ø20mmpolypropylene(anycolour)throughØ25mmholeincabinetwithpipeexitabovegroundtomeetThamesWaterRegulationsConcretebaseof100mmthicknesswith2drainageholesatØ50mmeach.

Cabinetopening Cabinetsectionaboveground

1204

650600

Title:

Client:

Revision:

Sheet 1 of 1Sheet:

16/06/2014Date:

Designed By:

Checked By:

O. Mitchell

C. Knight

Scale & Drawing Size:

NTS @ A3Drawing No:

0 FTN-2392-1001

Fountaineers LimitedRecreational Water Engineers

Clinch Street FarmClinch StreetHigh Halstow

RochesterKent

ME3 8SP

City of LondonOpen Spaces Department

City GardensIrish Chambers

No. 1 Guildhall YardLondon

EC2P 2EJ

Proposed Irrigation Cabinet

Rev. Reason By C'Kd Date

00 Issued for approval CK 16/06/2014ORM


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Wateringandirrigation

Standpipes

On certain projects,standpipesforhoseconnectionaretobeinstalledasback-uptoautomaticirrigation.The requirement for standpipes are detemined by site location,spatialdemands,accessandotherconstraintsinconsultationwiththeOpenSpacesDepartment.Thesestandpipesaretobelocatedsensivelywithintheplantingscheme,withconsiderationgiventoeaseofaccessandextentofhosepipeconnectiontoavoidcrossingofpedestrianroutes.

Key Criteria

Product Towerstandpipewith3/4bibtap

Supplier Edwards Standpipes

Material StainlessSteelGrade304–1.5mmthick

Dimensions 106x106x1470mm(720mmaboveground,750mmbelowground)

Fixing Stabilsingbaseplate255x255mm

Ground level

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City Public Realm SPD: People Places, Projects

Department of the Built Environment

City of London PO Box 270

Guildhall London

EC2P 2EJ

cityoflondon.gov.uk

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