Penobscot Piscataquis Bangor Edition

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www.DiscoverMaineMagazine.com

Penobscot-Piscataquis-Greater Bangor Region

FREEMaine’s History Magazine

Vincent McKusickA legal life

Ellsworth’s LadyCandlepin ChampLocal woman crowned worldchampion in 1972

The Flying Tigers ComeTo Dow FieldFamous fighter squadron holds reunionsin Bangor

2 Penosbscot-Piscataquis-Greater Bangor

3 It Makes No Never Mind James Nalley

4 Whatever Happened To The Leavitts Of Smyrna? Mid-1800s was a hard time in Northern Maine Charles Francis

8 Boys Of Summer Baseball in Aroostook County Charles Francis

12 Francis Parkman’s Maine Woods Experience Reflections of an unforgettable trip Charles Francis

15 Still Stands The Schoolhouse Memories of a one-room schoolhouse Ruth MacGowan Knowles

16 Mattawamkeag Folksongs Songs and ballads of the Maine lumberjack Charles Francis

19 To Split Or Not To Split: That Was The Enfield Question Enfield almost split into two towns Ian MacKinnon

24 Never Punch A Gentle Giant Lincoln’s Bill Rideout Charles Francis

28 Temptation Lured Waterville Burglars To Their Doom In Newport Burglars met their Waterloo in Newport Ian MacKinnon

32 What Maine Furnished For Epicures Maine’s turn-of-the-century delicacies Barbara Adams

34 The Brewer Bank Robbery Of 1903 Early morning break-in woke up half the town James Nalley

39 Vincent McKusick A legal life Charles Francis

42 The Ralph Owen Brewster / Howard Hughes Faceoff Maine plays a big role in The Aviator Charles Francis

45 The Genealogy Corner Saving family records Charles Francis

50 The Flying Tigers Come To Dow Field Famous fighter squadron holds reunions in Bangor Charles Francis

55 A Matter Of Conscience Bangor’s Norman Cahners and the 1936 Olympics Charles Francis

59 Ellsworth’s Lady Candlepin Champ Eleanor Patten crowned world champion in 1972 Charles Francis

63 The Penobscot: A Historic Graveyard Underwater graveyard holds historic vessels Charles Francis

Maine’s History Magazine

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Penobscot-Piscataquis-Greater Bangor Region

Publisher Jim BurchDesigner & Editor Liana Merdan

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Discover Maine Magazine is distributed to town offices, chambers ofcommerce, fraternal organizations, shopping centers, libraries, newstands,

grocery, and convenience stores, hardware stores, lumber companies, motels,restaurants and other locations throughout this part of Maine.

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Office Manager Liana Merdan

Field Representatives George Tatro

Contributing Writers Barbara AdamsCharles Francis / [email protected] Ruth McGowan KnowlesIan MacKinnonJames Nalley

Exchange Street in Bangor, Item #199courtesy of the Maine Historical Society and

www.vintagemaineimages.com

All photos in Discover Maine’s Penobscot-Piscataquis-Greater Bangor Region edition showMaine as it used to be, and many are from local

citizens who love this part of Maine.

Photos are also provided from our collaboration with the Maine Historical Society and the

Penobscot Marine Museum

3DiscoverMaineMagazine.com

Front Cover Photo:

It Makes No Never Mindby James Nalley

Maine’s Piscataquis and Penobscot Coun-ties, as well as some parts of Aroostook and Hancock Counties, includes a long list of re-markable features. First, it is home to the tallest mountain in the state, the towering 5,268-foot Mt. Katahdin, which dominates the skyline above the 200,000-acre Baxter State Park. Next, there is the gigantic Moosehead Lake, which is not only the largest lake in Maine, but the largest mountain lake in the eastern United States. What this all translates into is a four-season dreamland for outdoor enthusiasts that offers everything from whitewater rafting and fishing in the warmer months to snow-mobiling and skiing in the dead of winter. But it is the history of the area that makes it even more fascinating. Imagine the time when logging trucks outnumbered the RVs on the road and rustic seaplanes flew in wealthy tourists for weekends of relaxation on the lake or isolation in the surrounding forests. It comes as no surprise why such isolation has inspired stories of madness and the super-natural. In fact, it is well known that famed

writer Stephen King was inspired by many of the locations near his home in Bangor. And if you ever wonder what and how such inspi-ration occurred, just stand on a remote shore of Moosehead Lake after the summer tour-ists leave and you will quickly understand. Of course, if you need a reminder that modern civilization still exists, then the city of Bangor is not too far away. The third most-populat-ed city in the state, Bangor includes a typical New England charm and an incredible history that dates back to when the Penobscot peo-ple first inhabited the area followed by a long list of explorers including the Portuguese and even Samuel de Champlain himself. The area even saw action during the American Revolu-tion in 1779, when the rebel Penobscot Expe-dition fled up the Penobscot River after being overwhelmed by the smaller British force in what historians say was the worst naval de-feat in history until Pearl Harbor in 1941. In fact, when the last of the ships were burned or captured, it even sent the famed Paul Re-vere fleeing for his life into the nearby woods. Historical accounts such as this have a way of distracting the mind of the reader. Hope-fully, the stories in this edition will do so for

a bit, which would be helpful just in time for the first stage of spring in Maine, which is better known as the infamous mud season. So, congratulations on surviving yet another winter and prepare yourself for the slushy roads, dirty cars, and unpredictable weather. In homage of the cold weather, I will include a helpful Maine temperature conversion chart (in Fahrenheit):

60 degrees: New Yorkers turn on the heat as Mainers plant gardens.

40 degrees: Californians bundle up as Mainers drive with their windows down

20 degrees: Floridians wear thick coats as Mainers have their last cook-out before it gets cold.

0 degrees: Maine girl scouts begin selling cookies door-to-door.

-20 degrees: Maine National Guard post-pones “Winter Survival Training” until it gets cold enough.

-40 degrees: Mainers get out their winter coats.

-60 degrees: Mainers start saying “Cold ‘nuff for ya?”

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The town of Smyrna was founded by Nehemiah Leavitt. On that point there is little or no disagreement. How-ever, there seems to be some disagree-ment on such matters as to why Leavitt left Smyrna, and where he went. There also seems to be some disagreement on Nehemiah Leavitt’s feelings toward the town he named, as well as the feelings of his descendants toward the town.

Tradition and at least one published account of Nehemiah Leavitt and his relations to Smyrna indicate he left the community in a huff to head west. Leavitt, according to this account, was angry because he had to give up his grant to the township. It does make

Whatever Happened To The LeavittsOf Smyrna?Mid-1800s was a hard time in Northern Maineby Charles Francis

sense. Anyone would be upset over los-ing rights to some twenty-three thou-sand acres.

Nehemiah Leavitt was a Methodist minister. The State of Maine granted Leavitt the township which he would name Smyrna in 1830. The grant had stipulations attached to it. Leavitt proved unable to meet the stipulations. That’s why he lost the rights to the township.

As one would expect of a minister, Nehemiah Leavitt was a devout man. He was, however, a tolerant man. There was room in his faith to accept the dif-ferences of others as to religion. This particular fact does not agree with the

fact that Leavitt hoped to establish a community restricted to Methodists in his southern Aroostook township.

A good deal of the information con-tained herein comes from Mary Free-man. Mary is a direct descendant of Nehemiah Leavitt. She is quite proud of her ancestor’s role in the founding of Smyrna. In like manner, she is proud that Leavitt’s son Nehemiah Leavitt Jr. was an important figure of early Smyr-na. He set out the first metes and bounds of the community his father founded.

It seems clear that Nehemiah Leavitt did not intend that his township be named Smyrna, at least not at the be-ginning. Leavitt was from Royalton,


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Vermont. He was born there. He want-ed his township named for his birth-place. Folk tradition has it that when some of the township’s settlers object-ed, Leavitt opted for the name Smyrna. That tradition notes that Smyrna in Tur-key was famous for debauchery. That it had a reputation akin to that of Sodom and Gomorrah in the Old Testament. Somehow, naming a Maine community in this manner does not seem the act of a tolerant man.

Smyrna of the Bible is generally associated with Paul. It has been de-scribed as the most beautiful city in the region around Ephesus, a city where Paul preached. The name is related to the Greek for myrrh. Myrrh is a won-derfully fragrant perfume. One need but remember myrrh was one of the gifts given to the infant Jesus to appre-ciate the rarity and significance of the name Smyrna.

Mary Freeman is the granddaugh-

ter of Robert Greenleaf Leavitt. Robert Greenleaf Leavitt was the grandson of Nehemiah Leavitt Jr.. Robert Green-leaf Leavitt was a notable figure both in scientific and educational circles. Holder of a Harvard doctorate, he was a pioneer in the field of American bot-any just before and after 1900. He was instrumental in developing a model school system at the secondary level in New Jersey. He also started a Unitarian church in New Jersey. He retired to the ancestral home of his mother’s family in Parsonsfield in western Maine. One of his projects there was to write a his-tory of Parsonsfield Seminary. His fa-ther John Greenleaf Leavitt served the seminary as principal for a time in the late 1850s.

John Greenleaf Leavitt was a Con-gregationalist minister. He served churches here in Orono and Webster, Massachusetts. John Greenleaf Leavitt, born in what would become Smyrna,

was brought up as a Congregationalist. Based on the variety of various reli-gious persuasions of the descendants of Nehemiah Leavitt, founder of Smyrna, it would seem tolerance was a family tradition. Also it would seem that the Leavitt family did not fade away from Smyrna to someplace far to the west never to be heard from again.

Nehemiah Leavitt and his son were both born in Royalton, Vermont. That community had a tradition of neighbor helping neighbor. It was perhaps most notable in the custom of barn-raising. Smyrna and the surrounding area were once famous for community barn-rais-ings.

Today one can still find barns in Smyrna and surrounding towns that recall a time when friends and neigh-bors would come together to help one of their number raise the frame of that once all important rural landmark. As the barn’s great beams rose to the heav-

(Continued on page 6)


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ens, the barn-raisers’ wives would lay out a sumptuous repast on rough-hewn plank tables, shaded by the leaves of a spreading maple or oak or beech. In the evening, after the meal, there would be folk dancing. The dances were those of traditional reels, squares and jigs. The music was that of the fiddle. Nehemiah Leavitt was not the sort of preacher to frown on pastimes like these.

Under the terms of his grant, Nehe-miah Leavitt was supposed to see to the settling of 100 families in his township. Other stipulations included that he build a grist mill, a sawmill and make appropriate provision for the schooling of children. The 1830s was not the time to found a new community in northern Maine.

The middle decades of the first half of the nineteenth century saw a mass exodus from Maine to the west. This was the time period famous for the year

(Continued from page 5)

in which there was no summer. Actu-ally, there was a string of extremely short summers that made the planting and harvesting of crops an exercise in futility. Maine farmers left the state in droves in this time period. They hoped to find milder climes to the west and more fertile fields for sowing their crops. The last place they thought of for starting anew was further north in Maine. That, of course, was a recipe of disaster for the Leavitt township.

Nehemiah Leavitt applied for and received a five-year extension on his grant. It wasn’t enough time, though. He sold out.

Did Nehemiah Leavitt leave the town he founded for parts unknown out west after he sold out, as tradition suggests? Well, if you consider East Rumford the west, one might say so. The founder of Smyrna died there in 1856. Nehemiah Leavitt Jr. stayed on in

Smyrna, though. His son, John Green-leaf Leavitt married a local girl, Susan Blazo. Susan had an uncle in Parsons-field. From him she inherited the fami-ly home. Other members of the Leavitt family married in Smyrna and the im-mediate area. Among others, they mar-ried into the Record and Irish families. Mary Freeman still has relatives in the area.

I wish to thank Mary Freeman for much of the above. She is justly proud of the part her ancestors and extended family members played in founding the town of Smyrna, which, like its name-sake in Turkey, is a beautiful commu-nity.

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Boys of SummerBaseball in Aroostook Countyby Charles Francis

Happy Iott managed the Bangor White Soxx for a season. That was back in 1907. Happy is one of the boys of summer this essay on the early days of the national pastime — and the play-ers who made it so — is all about. It’s about Happy and a couple of other boys who played baseball in their youth and what happened to them as men — and the winter of their lives.

Happy Iott had a good run as a base-ball player. He played on a town ball team, played in the minors, and even made it to the big leagues with Cleve-land for a season. He then coached Bangor in the Maine State League.

Happy was an Aroostook County boy. He ended his days in Island Falls.

Baseball was the biggest thing in his life. Managing the Bangor White Soxx was probably Happy’s last brush with organized baseball. It wasn’t much of a swan song, either. The Maine State League was a small league. In 1907 it had four teams. Besides Bangor, there were Biddeford and Portland. Portland had two teams, the Blue Sox and Pine Tree.

The other two boys of summer this piece is about are Bob Vail and Jim Cox. One of the things that give unity to this little essay is that Iott, Vail and Cox were all southern Aroostook boys. Vail’s home was Hodgdon for his early playing days. Cox’s was Houlton.

Iott, Vail and Cox all played town

ball team baseball. They played for Houlton. One year they played togeth-er. That was in 1902. Ironically, 1902 wasn’t the best year the Houlton town team had. That came in 1897 when Houlton was state champion. Iott was the only one of the three to play for Houlton that year. Vail and Cox all had notable baseball careers, though. What makes the careers notable is the fact that the three played at a time when players didn’t think in terms of big sal-aries and similarly lucrative sponsor-ship deals. They played when baseball was just beginning to be known as the national pastime. Some might say these were baseball’s glory days.

Bob Vail went from Houlton to play

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in the minors. Like Iott, he had one sea-son in the majors, with Pittsburgh. Like Iott, baseball was the biggest thing in Vail’s life. When he died in Pittsburgh, only a handful knew he had once played ball.

Jim Cox had a very good career as a Bowdoin baseball player. Before that he was a standout at Ricker Classical Institute. He also had a stint in the mi-nors, with the Holyoke Paperweights of the Connecticut League. Cox’s mi-nor league play was a little more than a summer hiatus from college. His real interest was Bowdoin Medical School. He went on to become a successful and respected physician in Bangor. His name can be found in Bowdoin’s athletic records. One expects that of a college.

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mean the occasional pickup game, but something really organized. I am talking about baseball teams vying for some sort of championship or trophy. The kind of thing that bragging rights are attached to.

There are records of Maine baseball leagues all the way back to the begin-ning of the last century. Baseball as organized into semi-pro leagues was a thriving pastime in Maine of the Roar-ing ‘20s and earlier. There were a fair number of bitterly contested town team contests in the first two decades of the twentieth century. There were some in the Gay ‘90s and even earlier. High school baseball pretty much parallels the development of semi-pro and town ball team baseball. It’s hard to find re-ally early records, though. Old State Principal Association baseball records date from around 1930. The State Prin-cipal’s Association was started in 1927.

If you look up the Maine State League that Happy Iott managed in 1907, you will most likely find that it


existed for just that year. With a bit of digging, however, you can find an ear-lier Maine State League. That league existed at least as early as 1887. It had teams like the Augusta Kennebecs, Ban-gor Millionaires and Belfast Pastimes. It isn’t clear that it’s the same league as Happy Iott managed in, though. The Maine State League Happy managed in had Fred K. Owen as president.

Fred Owen was a guy who loved baseball. That is why he got involved in a league. Owen was a Cumberland County Republican politico and jour-nalist. It was said of him that “when he spoke, people listened.” People didn’t listen, though, when he tried to expand his Maine State League. Owen stayed with it for two years, not the ‘one’ usu-ally found in the record book. Happy Iott didn’t make it to 1908. Maybe it wasn’t enough after his stint in the big time and the minors. There were other early baseball leagues, for example, the Maine and New Brunswick League. It

came along a year or two too late for our three southern Aroostook boys, though.

What hooked Happy Iott, Bob Vail and Jim Cox on baseball was town ball. Town ball is a term that’s outdated to-day. It’s not part of the popular lexicon of words. Back around 1900 and earli-er everyone knew the term. Town ball meant town rivalry. The players were for the most part young. That doesn’t mean high school age, but a bit older. Town ball games drew crowds the way high school basketball games do today. It was that kind of rivalry. To under-stand town ball you have to know a bit about the origin of baseball.

Baseball is based on the English game of rounders. Rounders became popular in the United States in the early to mid-nineteenth century. Back then the game was called “town ball,” “base” or “baseball.” In 1858, the Na-tional Association of Base Ball Players, the first organized baseball league, was formed. Sometime in the 1860s town


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ball began being called America’s “na-tional pastime.” The key to appreciat-ing this is “town” rivalries.

Town ball teams played by formal rules and they had managers. Beecher Munson was Houlton manager when the team won the state championship. Houlton managers were serious about their role as manager. One even went out and recruited in southern Maine. Given the likes of Iott, Vail and Cox, one wonders how necessary this was. The trio were exceptional town ball players. As to how they did later, that is a matter for consideration.

Happy Iott’s real name was Freder-ick. His middle name was Bidds. He went by Happy, Happy Jack and Biddo. Take your pick. Happy was a journey-man player. His five year lifetime bat-ting in the minors was 289. His fielding – he was an outfielder – was respect-able but not exceptional. His showing at Cleveland was lackluster. Happy’s best year was 1903: he hit .317 for the Fall River Indians and won the New

England League batting title. At the close of that season, he was picked up by the Cleveland Naps, the forerunner to the Cleveland Indians. He played three games in late September, getting two hits in ten at bats.

Bob Vail was a pitcher. He had a 77-73 record in the minors. In 1906 and 1907, he went 14-9 and 19-9 for Lynn of the New England League. Like Hap-py Iott, Vail was picked for the majors at the end of a season, late August of 1908. He pitched three games for Pitts-burgh, going 1-2.

Jim Cox was not a star at Bowdo-in, though one source called him that. He was a good player, though. His one season batting average with the Holy-oke Paperweights was .182. Happy Iott could be said to have achieved the most baseball-wise of our three boys of sum-mer. This means after he left Houlton. That was at Bangor as a manager. Hap-py’s 1907 White Soxx team won the Maine State League.

Welsh poet Dylan Thomas wrote of

the boys of summer in I See the Boys of Summer. The poem is a sad one. Thom-as saw the boys as old men. The first line reads “I see the boys of summer in their ruin.” For Thomas the “pulse of summer” has turned to “ice.” Old age is the time when “damp muscle dries and dies.”

Roger Kahn wrote a book called The Boys of Summer. It’s about the Brooklyn Dodgers of 1955 World Se-ries fame. It’s about the likes of Jackie Robinson and Gil Hodges. Kahn took his title from the Dylan Thomas poem. The Kahn book is about a dream of summer, a myth. The Thomas poem is reality. However you choose to look at the likes of Happy Iott, Bob Vail and Jim Cox is up to you. For me they are the boys of a long ago summer, a south-ern Aroostook summer of town ball.

❦ Other businesses from this areaare featured in the color section

Has your business been operating for 50 years or more?

If so, give us a call.

Discover Maine Magazine(207) 874-7720 • 1-800-753-8684

We may feature your business in an upcoming edition.


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The Hair Razor“You don’t need a miracle, you just need The Hair Razor”

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Francis Parkman’s Maine WoodsExperienceReflections of an unforgettable tripby Charles Francis

In the early decades of the nineteenth century, a new breed of hunter began frequenting Maine’s great north woods. This hunter was neither a Native Amer-ican — treading carefully with mocca-sins on his feet — nor a white-skinned French or English rifleman or trapper. He was a naturalist seeking to under-stand the wilderness, and its effect on the lives and history of the Americas. Henry David Thoreau was one of them. His writings of the upper Penobscot, Katahdin and Chesuncook serve as a prototype literature describing the Maine wilderness experience.

Thoreau was not the first romantic writer/adventurer to be influenced by the Maine woods. He was not the first naturalist with a literary bent to capture the essence and majesty of Katahdin,

its environs, and the north woods as a whole in words. That honor belongs to historian Francis Parkman.

Discover Maine magazine brings Maine history to many who might nev-er know the uniqueness of the State of Maine. Therefore, it seems more than fitting the magazine pay tribute to the Maine experiences of the man who took it upon himself to write on what many in the early 1800s considered a dead and gone subject — the war be-tween England and France — for the conquest of North America.

When Francis Parkman wrote his greatest history, he wrote of what was then called “the old French war.” His work on the conflict culminates in the monumental two-volume Montcalm and Wolfe. Montcalm and Wolfe sets

the standard and is still regarded as the seminal interpretation of the Seven Years War. Today every historian of the subject finds himself obligated to refer-ence Parkman.

As a youngster growing up in Bos-ton, and that city’s outlying communi-ties, Francis Parkman was intrigued by the natural world. Of his early school days he wrote “...I learned very little, and spent the intervals of schooling more profitably in collecting eggs, in-sects and reptiles, trapping squirrels and woodchucks, and making persistent though rarely fortunate attempts to kill birds with arrows.” When Parkman wrote these words he was describing his early years in then sylvan Medford, Massachusetts. But Medford didn’t sat-isfy Parkman’s desire to experience the


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wilderness. How could it?At seventeen, in 1840, Parkman

entered Harvard, where he studied law. Even at that early age, however, he knew what he wanted as his life’s work: to write a history centering on the American wilderness. Of his sub-ject Parkman said “...My theme fasci-nated me, and I was haunted by wilder-ness images day and night.” Parkman’s theme crystallized into the history of the struggle between England and France for the control of North America. Did that crystallization happen in the Maine woods? In the shadow of the mountain that so influenced the writings of Tho-reau, of whom it must be said merely followed in Parkman’s footsteps, in journeying there? Was the Katahdin region Francis Parkman’s very inspira-tion? It seems quite possible.

In the summer before his sophomore year at Harvard, Parkman, and class-mate Daniel Slade, ventured into the north woods by canoe. Parkman’s stat-ed goal was to seek “...a superior bar-barism, a superior solitude, and the po-tent charm of the unknown.” The two young scholars found that and more.

Parkman and Slade began their ad-

venture in Albany, New York. They visited French and Indian War battle-fields around Lake George and Lake Champlain. Then they traveled across Vermont and New Hampshire and into Canada. Their trip culminated at Katah-din.

Francis Parkman spent the bulk of his life beset by illness. Among other ailments, he suffered from headaches, semi-blindness, a heart problem, de-pression, insomnia and rheumatism. Late in life he attributed this host of illnesses to spending three days and nights in the north woods in the rain without shelter when his spruce-bark canoe fell apart. Yet, it was on this trip that he first slept outdoors, saw a Na-tive American, and shot a deer. Out of this experience came the beginnings of Parkman’s understanding of the natural world. Because of this understanding Parkman changed his vocation from the law to horticulture. He was Harvard’s first professor of horticulture. Because of Parkman’s wilderness experiences he was able to excel at his avocation, the writing of his history of North America.

Francis Parkman’s contributions to

American history are myriad. Perhaps the most important is that his work is readable, even by the common read-er. His work has the flow of a novel. Many, however, are drawn to Parkman because of his feeling for the land, for his naturalistic descriptions. He is a ro-mantic, in the sense of the British Lake Country poets like Wordsworth. This he has in common with Thoreau, who may be considered America’s first great romantic.

Today readable history like Fran-cis Parkman’s is viewed as suspect by much of the academic community. What makes Parkman readable is his understanding of and love of the wil-derness. The struggle between England and France during the Seven Years War to create a new world was a wilderness struggle. At least that is how Parkman saw it. That insight found its germina-tion in Francis Parkman’s imagination in the north woods during the summer of 1841. Perhaps the very first seed was planted in the shadow of Katahdin.

❦ Other businesses from this area are featured in the color section


Crandall’sHardware

Glidden PaintsMakita & Dewalt Tools

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~ Full Line of Groceries ~• Excellent Meats• Homemade Sandwiches

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Two Rivers Canoe & TackleNorthern Maine’s Hunting & Fishing Headquarters

• 300+ Guns• 150+ calibers of ammo• Gamehide hunting clothing• Hunting supplies• Buck Knives• Everything for fishermen• Hardy & Grays fly rods• St. Croix rods• 15,000 flies

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Still Stands The SchoolhouseMemories of a one-room schoolhouseby Ruth MacGowan KnowlesOne roomed schoolhouses here in

Maine are nearly gone. A few have been restored by local Historical So-cieties, but one remains in the town of Bancroft, “the schoolhouse on the hill” which today serves as the town office.

The year was 1946. I had just gradu-ated from high school. Superintendent Horace Pullen from Danforth gave me a teaching position at Bancroft Station that began my teaching career. During my interview with Mr. Pullen he dis-cussed many issues with me. Includ-ing how a teacher should dress and the responsibility to all of her students, as well as the community. He promised to visit me within a few days after school opened, and to continue to work close-ly and guide me throughout the year, and that he did.

School opened the day after Labor

Day. Fourteen students — grades one through eight — arrived. Here I pre-sided in all the dignity I could master. I knew I must keep order in the class-room. On my desk was a medium sized shrill tone bell, which I was no doubt ringing constantly the first few weeks to keep order. Each morning before classes began, we saluted the American Flag and repeated the Lord’s Prayer, and none of the parents protested.

Sometimes it’s good to relive old memories, so bright and early one morning a few years ago, I, my sister, and her husband left my cottage in Rip-ley to return to Bancroft to visit my first classroom.

The only things that remained the same were the blackboard that graced the front wall, the picture of George Washington, the father of our country,

and the picture of the Lord’s Supper.The well-carved desks were all

gone, as was the old pot-bellied iron stove that heated the classroom. Every morning Dorothy Irish, a parent, would start the morning fire so that the icy chill of the room was going away by the time I arrived from Wytopitlock. I can still recall the bright sparks that showed between the cracks in the stove, and the smell of the wood that filled the room. After recess in the winter came the odor of mittens drying under the stove.

Where did the pail of water sit with the long handled dipper? I could not recall, but I could still see my fourteen happy students making their drinking cups by folding arithmetic paper.

I could feel water trickling down my face. Perhaps I was crying a bit as we turned toward my car and drove away.


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Mattawamkeag FolksongsSongs and ballads of the Maine lumberjack

a copyright date of 1924. This means the work should have been edited some seven years after Gray visited Mat-tawamkeag. I wish to emphasize this point as it has direct bearing on some of the observations I will make. First, I wish to say something about Roland Palmer Gray the academic and scholar.

Gray was forty-eight when he vis-ited Mattawamkeag. He had a respect-able career as an academic behind him when he made his visit. He earned a B.A. and an M.A. from Columbia. He did additional graduate work at Harvard, Yale, Oxford and the British Museum. He had taught English and/or English literature at the University of Nebraska, University of Rochester,

Late in 1916, Roland Gray, a pro-fessor at the University of Maine, visit-ed Mattawamkeag. The purpose of his visit was to collect folk songs and tra-ditional songs. Gray described his day in Mattawamkeag as a bitter December one. As to the exact reasons for his vis-it, Gray wrote “I had been told that men were there who had spent most of their lives in the woods or in boats in lumber operations. My arrival had to be pre-viously arranged, for the lumberjack is different about singing his songs to one from the polite world.”

The above quote comes from my copy of Roland Palmer Gray’s Songs And Ballads of the Maine Lumberjack With Other Songs From Maine. It has

Acadia University in Nova Scotia, and Indiana University before coming to the University of Maine. In addition, he had served as Acadia University Li-brarian. Gray was the author of sever-al academic works, one of which was Some Helps to Sentence Analysis. In other words, Roland Palmer Gray had some pretty hefty credentials as far as academia is concerned.

Gray collected a number of songs in Mattawamkeag, two of which I will comment on: When the Taters Are All Dug and The Cumberland Crew. He visited with three traditional singers. He gives brief but fascinating pictures of each. What he does not do is clearly identify them. Nor does he really iden-

by Charles Francis


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tify the individual who is probably his most important source, the individual who set up his visits with the singers. And therein lies a bit of a tale, at least if I am right in my assumptions as to who they all were.

Gray identifies his singers as Mr. Shedd, Mr. Fowler and Mr. Chadburne (note the spelling here). He also credits Chadbourne’s daughter, Miss Chad-bourne, as a source. Mr. Shedd is lat-er identified as J.F. Shedd. This would probably have been Josiah Shedd. Shedd is credited with The Prentice Boy’s Love for Mary, a broadside and not a true traditional folksong, and Mary Aclon. There is a single note to the effect that Shedd’s daughter also sings Mary Aclon. That’s the only mention of this daughter. Mr. Fowler, also identified as Frank Fowler, is probably Francis Mar-ian Fowler. One of his songs is Blithe and Bonnie Fair Scotland, which was taken down by Miss Chadbourne. Mr.

Chadbourne is Danville Chadbourne. His daughter, Miss Chadbourne, is Ava Harriet Chadbourne. Ava Chadbourne was one of Roland Gray’s students. She would most likely have set up the meet-ings between Gray and the singers. The most Gray can say of her is that she is “a college graduate.” There is a good deal more to Ava Chadbourne than this.

By the time Songs And Ballads of the Maine Lumberjack With Oth-er Songs From Maine was published Ava Chadbourne was Dr. Ava Chad-bourne and a member of the University of Maine faculty. Dr. Chadbourne au-thored a number of books. Today she is best known for Maine Place Names And Peopling Of Its Towns. While Chadbourne’s works were published well after Gray’s, he should have cred-ited her as a fellow faculty member. He should have been able to spell her name correctly too!

Ava Harriet Chadbourne was born in

Mattawamkeag. She received her A.B. in 1915 and her M.A. in 1918 from the University of Maine. In 1922 she earned a PhD. from Columbia Univer-sity. She was a professor of education at the University of Maine and retired as a full professor in 1942. Chadbourne Hall on the campus of the University of Maine is named in her honor.

Another individual I wish to com-ment on is Frank Fowler. Fowler was born in what is now Millinocket. He was there when Thoreau visited. Thom-as Fowler Jr. served as one of Thoreau’s guides to Katahdin. Gray should have been able to pick up an interesting story here. Thoreau’s relationship to Thomas Fowler Jr. is well known in the family. This brings us back to the singers them-selves.

Gray did a good job making his folk singers real. When Gray arrives at Shedd’s home, Shedd is “out of doors in



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his shirtsleeves and without head-cov-ering.” He is an individual of “over seventy years of age, tall, slim, and rugged, with gray hair and beard.” In the house, which is where he sings for Gray, he sits “in rocking chair with his head resting on the back, and, rocking gently as if to keep time to the melody, he sang, in a kind of chant, ballad after ballad, for over two hours. He sang as if he loved to do it, and he never hes-itated, though all was from memory.” Without doubt this is one of the best descriptions of a traditional folk singer ever written.

Fowler and Chadbourne are de-scribed as old men, “over seventy, who had been woodsmen all their lives.” Fowler knows over one hundred songs, “all of which he, with others, used to sing in the woods.” Fowler and Chad-bourne discuss the merits of various rhymes in one song. Gray found their


“facility as rhymesters” surprising.Chadbourne actually contributes lit-

tle to Gray beyond the broadside When the Taters Are All Dug. It seems Chad-bourne bought a copy of the broadside. The piece is a rare one in that it is one of only a few that can be directly at-tributed to a migrant worker picking potatoes in Aroostook County. Chad-bourne says the person he bought it from was probably the creator. If so, this may just be the only reference to the author in extent.

Fowler’s most fascinating contri-bution to Gray’s collection is probably The Cumberland Crew. The United States frigate Cumberland, commanded by Lieutenant George Morris, was sunk by the Merrimac off Newport News, Virginia, on March 8, 1862. There are a good many printed versions of this song. Fowler’s is different, however. This speaks to the fact that Civil War

songs were still a part of the traditional singer’s repertoire in eastern Maine of the early 1900s.

Roland Palmer Gray’s Songs And Ballads of the Maine Lumberjack With Other Songs From Maine is more than a collection of old songs. It’s more in that it brings to life Mattawamkeag’s past. In doing this, Gray’s work recreates a bit of history that otherwise might have been forgotten.

It should be noted that there are a good many more songs and broadsides in Songs And Ballads of the Maine Lumberjack With Other Songs From Maine. This piece only deals with the songs and broadsides collected in Mat-tawamkeag.



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To Split Or Not To Split: That Was The Enfield QuestionEnfield almost split into two townsby Ian MacKinnon

To split or not to split: That was the question that some 200 Enfield residents discussed before the 100th Maine Legis-lature committee in Augusta on Tuesday, November 28, 1961.

The Town of Enfield lies between Cold Stream Pond and the Penobscot River and borders Howland, Lincoln, Lowell, and Passadumkeag. Enfield “proper” lies along the Routes 155-188 corridors; West Enfield stretches be-tween Route 2 and the Penobscot River opposite Howland.

In the early 1960s, more people lived

in West Enfield than in Enfield, and po-litical power apparently tilted toward West Enfield. Strong support for splitting Enfield came primarily — and literally — from the east side of the Maine Cen-tral Railroad tracks; folks living there felt that their collective votes carried no political weight.

“Supporters of the proposal to divide the present town … alleged they were being denied a voice in town affairs by the superior voting strength of West En-field residents at town meeting,” wrote reporter C.M. Washburn in the Novem-

ber 29th “Bangor Daily News.”“Paul Gray, who headed the Enfield

separation movement, charged that En-field citizens were being denied their constitutional rights and that the situa-tion amounted to taxation without repre-sentation,” Washburn wrote.

Under the proposed legislation, the new Enfield-West Enfield boundary would extend north from Enfield Station to Mohawk Island in the Penobscot Riv-er. Some 7,500 acres would become West Enfield, where 650 people would live; Enfield would retain 450 residents and



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“about 10,800 acres, plus Cold Stream Pond,” according to partition supporters.

Despite snow-covered roads, about 200 Enfield residents traveled to Augus-ta to appear before the Committee on Towns and Counties. Folks traveled via Route 2 to Bangor and then cross-coun-try to Augusta; although under construc-tion between Bangor and Newport, In-terstate 95 would not link Augusta and Bangor for another few years.

State Senator J. Hollis Wyman, who hailed from Milbridge, chaired the hear-ing. He and other legislators politely (and patiently) listened as more than 100 people “enthusiastically supported” the proposal to split Enfield, according to Washburn.

Legislators also learned that towns-folk particularly disagreed about “the construction of school facilities,” Wash-burn wrote. “That situation had been considerably aggravated when the grade

school building at Enfield” burned in June 1961.

As for replacing the school, the late Allie J. Cole - or at least his estate - might help. Hailing from Enfield, Cole became affiliated with Enfield Station in 1910, when he handled baggage and freight there for the Maine Central RR.

Seven years later, Cole started Coles Express, a freight carrier that grew during the next several decades and led to Allie J. Cole becoming a Maine legend. After expanding his freight services north to Houlton, he equipped trucks with plows and started plowing the snow-covered roads between Lincoln and Houlton.

Even the Maine State Highway Com-mission did not believe that anyone could possibly keep those roads open during winter. Cole proved it could be done.

Coles Express would prosper late into the 20th century, but Allie J. Cole would

die in 1955. The Maine Department of Transportation would name in his honor a scenic Interstate-95 overlook in Bene-dicta.

During their committee hearing on November 28, 1961, legislators learned that pertaining to the burnt Enfield school, “the estate of the late A.J. Cole” had offered “to erect a memorial school on land to be donated nearly midway be-tween the two communities,” Washburn wrote.

“The offer included outside construc-tion materials for the school with the only condition being the stipulation that the building be named” for Allie J. Cole, according to Washburn.

That generous offer drew criticism, primarily that the new school could “be expensive” and “that plans were already drawn up for an addition” to existing




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school facilities, Washburn reported. People opposed to splitting Enfield

viewed the separation issue, or at least its public discussion, as almost embarrass-ing. James Dudley, a former legislator and current Enfield selectman living in West Enfield, “claimed that it was not the wish of most voters in the town to bring their family quarrels to the Legislature,” Washburn noted.

Also opposing the proposed split was another West Enfield resident, Chester Currie, whom Washburn described as “a West Enfield businessman and former [Enfield] selectman.” Currie astutely observed that dividing Enfield into two towns would economically hurt both.

The hearing ran almost two hours. Wyman then gaveled the hearing to a close, and Enfield residents headed home in treacherous driving conditions.

The 100th Legislature ultimately de-cided that Enfield was a perfectly good

town and left it intact. As for the new elementary school, well, Allie J. Cole’s family really did play a role in educating local youngsters — but not in the 1960s, 1970s, or 1980s.

Cole’s son, Galen, led family efforts to donate land so Maine School Adminis-trative District 41 could construct a new elementary school in the early 1990s. The land was once part of the Cole Farm.

The Enfield Station School opened in January 1993.

And the original Enfield Station so familiar to Allie J. Cole passed into his-tory, but not as another demolished lo-cal landmark. Galen Cole had the station moved carefully to Bangor and placed in the Cole Land Transportation Museum about 20 years ago; today, the restored station occupies a visible location amidst the museum’s railroad exhibit.

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Never Punch A Gentle GiantLincoln’s Bill Rideoutby Charles Francis

Bill Rideout was a very strong man. There seems to be no argument to the matter. Of course, there are those who will say that strong men of the past, those who have come down to us with a certain reputation for great strength or as unstoppable fighters, are nothing more than the stuff of legend. They are nothing more than folk tale.

Now Bill Rideout is something of a legend among his descendants and oth-er family members. Bill’s nephew Gas-ton Rideout said his uncle was known as the strongest man in the county. Of course Gaston could have been a bit

prejudiced. Most everyone likes to brag about ancestry or relatives. To have a family member who stands out or stood out for something kind of rubs off. It does something for one’s self es-teem.

The county Gaston Rideout was re-ferring to was Charlotte County, New Brunswick. Bill Rideout was from the little New Brunswick community of Oak Hill. Bill was the son of George and Elizabeth Sturgeon Rideout. The Rideout family was a big one. Bill had eight brothers and sisters. There were plenty of other branches of the family

in the area too, as well as across the border in Maine.

The Rideout family had a prosper-ous farm. Back when Bill Rideout lived in Oak Hill, the hamlet was something of an afterthought of St. Stephen. In fact, a lot of people thought of it as St. James because it was included in the Parish of St. James. Moreover, some people called it Moore’s Mills because the mill was the most important struc-ture in the area.

Now, Bill didn’t live his entire life in Oak Hill. For a good portion of his


adult life he lived in Lincoln, Maine. One reason Bill moved to Lincoln was to work in the woods. Jobs were good there. Of course there were good jobs working in the woods of New Bruns-wick. However, Bill had other reasons for moving to Lincoln. For one thing, he had family there. Rideouts had lived in what was to become Lincoln as early as 1810. Probably the biggest reason Bill moved, though, was that he hoped to leave his reputation as a strong man and as a fighter behind him. Bill thought, by leaving New Bruns-wick, and moving to the United States he would leave his reputation behind. Things, however, didn’t work out that way, as we shall see.

In considering Bill Rideout, it must be understood from the very beginning that Bill was a larger than life figure. That’s important for the time period we

are talking about, the late 1800s — Bill was born in 1849 or 1850.

People love to tell stories of larger than life figures. This was especially true before there were forms of enter-tainment like movies, radio and televi-sion, when, to pass a cold winter’s night beside the wood stove, storytellers told of the prodigious exploits of fishermen or lumberjacks of previous generations. Invariably, these figures were bigger and stronger than the current genera-tion. They were able to lift incredible weights, knock out a local bully or a fa-mous fighter who just happened to be in the neighborhood with a single blow or perform some Herculean task that ten or a dozen men had been unable to ac-complish. It was stories like these that Bill Rideout hoped to put behind him in moving to Lincoln.

One of the stories about Bill Rideout

before he came to Lincoln involves a hired hand who worked on the Rideout farm in Oak Hill. The hand was sup-posed to hitch a horse to a huge log and move it from one location to another. The log was so heavy that the man couldn’t even get a rope around it to twitch it. The next day, when the hand showed up to work, he found Bill car-rying the log over his shoulder.

While this story and other like them involving Bill may seem farfetched, they have some documentation. Pic-tures of Bill Rideout exist showing him holding, with seeming ease, a 200 pound barrel on his shoulder and a 100 pound sack of grain under his arm. One description of him carrying this partic-ular load has him climbing over a five-bar fence with it rather than removing any of the cross pieces.



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Bill Rideout was a big man. He was over six feet tall and weighed in at over 220 pounds. Nevertheless, Bill was a gentle soul at heart and soft-spoken, too. The latter two characteristics prob-ably explain how it was that no mat-ter where Bill went there was always someone eager to pick a fight with him or challenge him to a trial of strength. In short, and as strange as it may seem, Bill, like most reported strong men (and reputably weak men), was picked on. An incident in the Houlton area is an example here. It happened shortly before Bill moved to Lincoln.

Bill was working in an Aroostook logging camp when he was jumped by eight lumberjacks who pummeled him to the ground. When some of his friends rushed to his aid, he waved


them off saying “I’m about to get up.” Then shaking off his assailants as a dog shakes himself dry after a swim, he proceeded to rise and trounce all his attackers.

The above tale brings us to Bill at-tempting to live quietly and peacefully in Lincoln.

Bill just couldn’t seem to shake his reputation. His fame – if you want to call it that – followed him like some kind of demonized bad dream.

Now it seems Lincoln had its partic-ular bad bully, a great lumberjack of the boastful sort. When the bully learned Bill had moved to town he went around telling everyone how he was looking forward to mixing things up with the interloper. That is, if he ever met up

with him. Well meet up they did. Bill and the lumberjack met up in

the street. As soon as the lumberjack saw Bill, he began belittling him to his face, inviting him to fight.

The fight didn’t go for more than two seconds. One punch was thrown, by Bill. The boastful bully lay there out cold for a good half hour.

Anyone interested in Bill Rideout’s particular branch of the Rideout fami-ly can find information in Rideouts in America.

Bill married twice, Christina Ride-out and Amanda Thompson. Bill Ride-out, the gentle giant, died in Lee in 1928.


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Temptation Lured WatervilleBurglars To Their Doom In NewportBurglars met their Waterloo in Newportby Ian MacKinnon

Temptation lured three hoods to the Newport Post Office and their doom on November 14, 1911.

Figuring that poorly policed New-port might be a great place to com-mit burglary, theft, and other assorted crimes, three Waterville men disem-barked from the 8:25 p.m. train arriving from Bangor that Tuesday. Louis Geri-oux, Angus Henderson, and Paul Luby would later claim that they had blown their available cash in Bangor after cut-ting wood for the Great Northern Paper Co.

Apparently short on funds, the trio rode the rails to Newport where, only 30 miles from Waterville, they intended

to steal what they could not earn.Gerioux, Henderson, and Luby pro-

ceeded to blunder and burgle their way across Newport that cold, rainy night. The gaffes started when C.B. Osborne, identified by the press as “a Newport public carriage driver,” apparently asked the three men if they needed a ride and received a rude rebuff for his efforts. Osborne and W.H. Mitch-ell would remember watching the trio stepping down from the arriving train.

Then Charles T. Libbey, a local re-porter who also worked as a “special [police] officer” for Newport, noticed three men standing at the Elm Street-Park Avenue intersection at 9 p.m. Po-

lice officers notice such details, in this case how many men and where they stood and when.

“One of the men seemed to be anx-ious for trouble,” Libbey informed his employer’s readers after the fact.

Gerioux, Henderson, and Luby al-legedly went to work with a vengeance. Busting a rear window at Weymouth’s Wool Factory, they ransacked the busi-ness’s main office; “papers from the desk drawers were scattered in the men’s search for booty,” Libbey would report to newspaper readers on Friday, November 17.

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Temptation Lured WatervilleBurglars To Their Doom In Newport

from the [Judkins & Gilman’s] gener-al store,” Libbey wrote. “The burglars had cut away the knob of the safe but that was the extent of the damage of the receptacle; nothing was taken.”

Someone soon noticed the broken window at Weymouth’s Woolen Fac-tory. John E. Heffron, another Newport special police officer, investigated the factory break-in about 11 p.m. “and no-ticed the littered condition of the office floor,” Libbey wrote.

Then, as he walked past the New-port Post Office, Heffron spotted “a man within at work on the safe.” Con-fusion exists as to exactly what hap-pened next. Seeing Heffron approach the post office, two men standing near-by “ran down the street toward the rail-road [yard],” Libbey reported. Heffron claimed “that he discharged his revolv-er at the men, and that they responded in like manner.

“No damage was done to either

side,” Libbey commented.The gunfire apparently startled the

post-office burglar, who “upon see-ing the officer (Heffron), threw up his hands in surrender [while] asking the officer not to shoot,” Libbey wrote. Heffron grabbed the safe-cracker — quickly identified as Angus Henderson — and hustled him to the Newport Po-lice Station.

Deputy Sheriff Edgar R. Dow and Newport postmaster A.M. Stewart converged on the post office, where Stewart discovered that the thieves had stolen “four dollars worth of stamps … from the registry drawer.” The burglars had also tampered with the knob on the safe door.

They had also abandoned ample ev-idence. After breaking out a rear win-dow and crawling into the post office, the burglars left a hammer, several chisels, revolver cartridges, and a fuse on the floor. Two men apparently went

outside to serve as lookouts for Hen-derson and then had run away when Heffron fired at them.

If Henderson knew where his part-ners-in-crime had fled, he was not tell-ing. Gerioux and Luby left a trail, how-ever.

At 3:30 a.m., Wednesday, MCRR night telegraph operator Louis J. Duf-fey staffed the Pittsfield train station. He had already learned about the crim-inal proceedings in Newport, so when he “saw Gerioux and Luby coming down the tracks from the direction of Newport,” he surmised just who they might be.

Their clothes soaked from the relent-less rain and from struggling 6 miles along the snowy tracks from Newport to Pittsfield, Gerioux and Luby asked Duffey if they could warm themselves in the station. He invited them inside and waited for N.C Corey, the MCRR night watchman assigned to Pittsfield,



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to arrive after making his rounds. Also aware of the Newport crime

spree, Corey was patrolling along the tracks when he discovered the burglars’ southbound footprints. Hurrying to the Pittsfield station, he joined Duffey and the suspects at 3:50 a.m.

Within minutes, Corey and Duffey escorted the half-frozen suspects to the Pittsfield jail, where they claimed “that they lived in Waterville and had left Newport that night,” according to Libbey. Inspector Edward P. Boutelle interrogated Gerioux and Luby in Pitts-field; they maintained their innocence while claiming “they came from Wa-terville to Pittsfield that night and had slept in a box car,” Libbey wrote.

If the blundering burglars had con-fined their B & E to the general store and woolen factory, they would have faced state justice. Breaking into a post


office was a federal crime, however, so the next afternoon, Deputy U.S. Mar-shall Burton Smith escorted the three prisoners to Bangor after taking a train north from Portland.

The wheels of justice ground quick-ly. The United States government ap-pointed Bangor attorneys James Rice and William Robinson to represent Gerioux, Henderson, and Luby. Also catching a train to Bangor from Port-land, Assistant United States Attorney Arthur Chapman presented the govern-ment’s case during a probable cause hearing held Thursday morning at a hastily convened federal court session in Bangor City Hall.

With United States Commissioner Charles Reid Jr. presiding, the court heard evidence presented by such wit-nesses as Corey, Heffron, and Libbey. The suspects were arraigned “upon the

charge of breaking and entering the United States post office at Newport with the intent to commit larceny,” ac-cording to Libbey, who was playing a dual reporter/witness role.

Asked how he pled, Henderson replied, “Guilty.” Gerioux and Luby claimed they were not guilty.

After the prosecution witnesses fin-ished their testimony and the defense presented no witnesses, Reid “ordered each respondent held in bonds of $1500 for his appearance at the December term of the U.S. District court to be held in Portland,” Libbey reported.

The defendants could not post bail, so Reid ordered them held over until the trial. Meanwhile, tongues wagged in Newport for days about the burglars who had met their Waterloo after bust-ing into the post office.


Post Office in Bangor. Copyright Oct. 5, 1925. Item #72006 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co.Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org

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Few states in the 1900's could pro-vide such tempting morsels for epicures as Maine. In many other localities, the hotels were larger, and the menus more elaborate, but the list of delicacies was made almost entirely of food items brought from other regions. Many of them were products of the Pine Tree State.

A special experimental dinner was served in 1900, purposely made up en-tirely of Maine products that but few other states could equal. The soup was a rich venison broth, which, when made by someone who understood the hard work, was difficult to surpass. Deviled lobster was served as the entrée, and the game course consisted of Maine woodcock, which had been in cold

storage, and was served on toast. Then followed a fillet of venison with fresh Maine mushrooms, and a salad made of lettuce from a Maine hot house. It was decided that this was only one of a hun-dred combinations, all equally good, which could have been made from the products of Maine's fisheries, forests, and fields. Mane venison and moose were in great demand all over the east-ern section of the United States, and were it not for wise game laws enacted by the legislature, the game would soon be exterminated by pot hunters, who would shoot the animals for the sake of shipping their carcasses to the Boston and New York markets.

At that time, deer and moose could only be taken out of the state when

accompanied by the persons who had shot them. But few sportsmen cared to sell their meat to the markets, pre-ferring to eat it themselves, or give it to their friends. For this reason, very little was placed on sale outside of the state. As far as birds were concerned, partridge, woodcock, snipes, and wild geese were numerous, and during the season frequently found their way to Maine dinner tables.

Maine was famous all over the country for the quality of her fish, and Penobscot River salmon were prized as a delicacy from Eastport to the Gold-en Gate. Many of them were shipped away every season, and hundreds of Bangor people even sent whole fish each Spring to friends and relatives in


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other states. The Penobscot River salm-on was much finer than the St. John and Canadian fish, and the difference could be detected instantly. Far fewer Penob-scot salmon were caught each year than most people thought, and unfortunately thousands of Canadian fish masquer-aded under the name without anyone suspecting the deception. Landlocked salmon and trout were considered near-ly as delicious as the sea salmon by many people, and large quantities of them were shipped each year.

Just like today, the lobster stood prominently among the products of Maine's shore fisheries, and thousands of them were put in tanks and shipped as far west as Kansas City and Denver. The number was gradually dwindling, however, due to the disregard of the law against trapping those under nine inches in length. Many of the fishermen were finally starting to realize, for their own benefit, to protect the young lob-sters, and a much needed reform even-tually took hold.


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The Brewer Bank Robbery Of 1903Early morning break-in woke up half the townby James Nalley

In the warm, early morning hours of Aug. 29, 1903, the residents of Brew-er, Maine, had settled in for a night of rest just like any other quiet sum-mer evening. The summer months had been good for them and many were looking forward to the cooler autumn weather. But across town, four men had different intentions and long-term plans for prosperity. By 2 a.m., they had awoken the town’s residents in a bold attempt to rob the local bank and were later running for their lives from the entire Bangor police force and Pe-nobscot County’s Sheriff and posse. The Brewer Savings Bank was a thriv-

ing financial institution that tried their best to safeguard the money of most of Brewer’s residents. But amidst some criticism about its location and vul-nerability, especially in regard to the rash of recent bank robberies, the man-agement of the bank decided to regu-larly deposit the majority of its funds into a more fortified Bangor bank for greater security. Apparently, the four men had not fully researched their planned heist and began their break-in even though a minimal amount of money remained in the Brewer vaults. At approximately 1:30 a.m., the four burglars slipped in through one of the

bank’s windows with a bag of tools and explosive charges that were used to “blow the vault.” After the first ex-plosion, many Brewer residents were awoken from their sleep only to hear two more explosions within the next half hour. By 1:57 a.m., the final explo-sion had successfully opened the vault. But to the burglars’ surprise, the vault was surprisingly empty with only $300 in cash sitting on its bare shelves. With no time to think about their blunder, they threw the cash into one of their satchels and headed toward the door. In the meantime, all of the commotion had stirred many of the town’s resi-


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dents from their sleep and they now focused their curiosity on the bank it-self. According to the New York Times article on Aug. 30, 1903, “During this time a number of Brewer people, who were aroused by the first explosion, watched the men from across the street, making no attempt to molest them, because of their guns.” One man who shouted at the burglars was deliberately fired upon and this caused the slowly building crowd to disperse for safety. As the robbers left the bank on foot, witnesses stated that they fired more than a dozen shots into the air in order to create a cover for their escape. They also exchanged gunfire with sev-eral Bangor policemen who attempted to intercept them as they crossed the bridge into the city and threatened any civilians who also tried to block their way. Fortunately, no one was injured

during their desperate escape. With-in the hour, the entire police force of Bangor as well as the Sheriff of Penob-scot County with a number of deputies began a county-wide manhunt for the armed fugitives.

According to the New York Times report, “The morning passed without any encounters between the search-ers and the robbers, but information was received that four men had been seen driving furiously from Bangor toward Hampden that afternoon. The information came from the watchman employed at Lowell & Engel’s Mill in East Hampden.” The watchman apparently knew nothing about the bank robbery in Brewer and assumed that they were only “horse thieves,” which prompted him to report his sighting to the local police anyway.

By the afternoon of Aug. 30, only ru-mors remained about the four gunmen with one of them being that they were chased by the Sheriff’s posse into the deep woods beyond Bangor where they were lost. That same afternoon, a bag of tools used in the robbery was found in the railroad yard in Brewer, which was apparently dumped in their frantic escape. Finally, due to the mistakes and the ditching of the tool bag, it was be-lieved that the four men were not at all experts. It was just one incredibly risky attempt that ultimately ended in split-ting only $300 four ways.


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Vincent McKusickA legal lifeby Charles Francis

If one were to identity the sin-gle individual who best understood Maine law of the past sixty or more years, it would have to be Vincent McKusick. Simply put, Vincent McKusick saw — and in many re-spects oversaw — the moderniza-tion of the state’s legal system.

Maine civil law changed hardly a whit from statehood to the decade of the 1950s. Vincent McKusick once alluded to this particular cir-cumstance when he said “a law-yer from 1856 could have come into a [Maine] court room in 1956 and would have felt completely at home.” Given the circumstances

surrounding Maine’s civil laws as the decade of the 1950s wore on, it would not be inappropriate to say that the state’s legal system lagged behind most of the other states of the country, and most decidedly be-hind that of the federal system of civil law. All of this began to change in the last years of the decade of the 1950s, though. Vincent McKusick played a part in that initial change, and the changes that followed.

Vincent McKusick was deeply involved in modernizing the rules of procedure for the Maine courts. He served on procedural rules com-

mittees appointed by the Supreme Judicial Court and he co -authored two editions on the practice of civil law in Maine. Today those two edi-tions of Maine Civil Practice; Rules of Civil Procedure With Commen-taries, written with Richard Field, are regarded as classics of the legal genre.

McKusick served fourteen and a half years as Chief Justice of the Maine Supreme Judicial Court. Those fourteen and a half years are described as “marked by significant improvements in the structure and operation of all courts.” The im-



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provements include the state’s pio-neering mediation program and the Court Appointed Special Advocate (CASA) Program.

Vincent McKusick was both a lawyer and judge. While it is natural to think of judges as first being law-yers and then judges, McKusick is almost unique in the State of Maine for having been tapped for the high-est judicial office in the state direct-ly from the practice of law. You have to go all the way back to 1820 when Prentiss Mellon was so honored.

One thinks of lawyers as verbal-ly talented. It is a talent one associ-ates with debate. Vincent McKusick attended Bates College in the early 1940s. This was when the Bates de-bating team was internationally re-nowned. In the 1920s and 1930s, the


college won competitions in Great Britain, and toured as far away as Australia and New Zealand. Vincent McKusick honed some of his legal talents as a Bates debater. He was a natural, even though he attend-ed a high school that did not have a debate team. That high school was Guilford High School. Vin-cent McKusick was Guilford High School valedictorian. He shared that honor with his twin brother, Victor. The McKusick twins were from Parkman. Victor McKusick went on to become a renowned geneticist, and is acknowledged as the father of modern medical genetics. The McKusick twins started their educa-tional career being home schooled by their mother. That was for first grade. The next seven years of their

education were spent in a one-room schoolhouse in Parkman.

Vincent and his identical twin Victor, the younger by some twen-ty minutes, were born on October 21, 1921 in Parkman. Their parents were Carroll L. and Ethel (Buzzell) McKusick. The twins’ father was a graduate of Bates College, where he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. Their mother was a school teacher. Carroll McKusick had been a high school principal before becoming a Parkman dairy farmer.

From Bates, Vincent McKusick went directly into the army. He was a member of one the myriad of research groups working on the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos, New Mexico. His particular group’s responsibility was the detonator.


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McKusick would later say that when working on the Manhattan Project, neither he, nor other work-ers, knew of the purpose connected with their labor. He would also say he later saw its necessity — that ne-cessity being the bombing of Japan — to bring about a quicker end to World War II.

Perhaps the best way to describe the McKusick twins would be to say they were multi-talented and that they were polymaths. A polymath is a person with superior intelligence, whose expertise spans a signifi-cant number of disciplines. Victor McKusick was a physician, and a research scientist. He laid much of the groundwork for the Human Ge-nome Project. Vincent McKusick was similarly talented.

Vincent McKusick entered Har-

vard Law School in 1947. His goal was to become a patent attorney. As part of his preparation for achieving that goal, he studied electrical engi-neering at M.I.T. He had an M.I.T. Master’s degree before he started Harvard Law. At Harvard, he was President of the Harvard Law Re-view. From Harvard he went on to serve as law clerk to Chief Judge Learned Hand of the United States Court of Appeals, and to Justice Fe-lix Frankfurter of the United States Supreme Court.

In 1952, McKusick returned to Maine to work for the Portland law firm best known by the name Pierce Atwood. His initial tenure there lasted twenty-five years.

In 1977, Governor Longley ap-pointed McKusick Chief Justice of the Maine Supreme Judicial Court.

Chief Justice McKusick had respon-sibility for managing Maine’s entire court system, as well as for presid-ing over its highest appellate court.

Vincent McKusick should not be regarded as simply a Maine attorney and Maine judge. McKusick has a national and international reputa-tion. He has served on the governing boards of both the American Bar As-sociation Journal, and the American Bar Foundation. He also led groups of state and federal judges on “Peo-ple to People” visits to both China and the former Union of Soviet So-cialist Republics. He served as Pres-ident of the National Conference of Chief Justices, and Chairman of the Board of Directors of the National Center for State Courts.



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The Ralph Owen Brewster/ Howard HughesFaceoffMaine plays a big role in The Aviator

The movie The Aviator, a blockbuster in Hollywood’s grand tradition, is one of the big screen’s most successful films of recent years. To begin with, its lavish scenes cost hundreds of millions of dollars to shoot. Then it featured some of the biggest names in the entertainment business, including director Martin Scorsese, and actors Leon-ardo DiCaprio, Kate Blanchett, Alan Alda, and William Baldwin. These facts aside, what really made The Aviator a “must see” movie was the fact that it “name dropped.” For those of a certain age it was great fun to see figures like Katherine Hepburn, Ava Gardner, Errol Flynn and Jean Harlow show up as characters in a movie. It was as if they had simply been away for a while.

Strangely enough, there was the name of a Maine man included among those of Hollywood’s rich and famous of a bygone era. That name was Ralph Owen Brewster. Dexter-born Brewster, who was a Maine

Governor and U.S. Senator, had the singu-lar honor of being the film’s “bad guy.”

The Aviator is the purported film biog-raphy of Howard Hughes, once the rich-est man in America. Besides chronicling Hughes’ decline into paranoia, the film portrays his ventures into film-making, avi-ation design, and most notably his strug-gle to make Trans World Airlines (TWA) a fitting rival for Pan American Airways (Pan Am). Ralph Owen Brewster features prominently in the latter subplot.

Leonardo DiCaprio has the Hughes’ part. Ralph Owen Brewster is played by Alan Alda. While DiCaprio falls a bit flat as Hughes, the same cannot be said of Alda. He is more than adequate as the balding, conniving politician that director Scorsese wants Brewster to be.

The conflict between Hughes and Brewster revolves around whether or not the federal government will allow TWA to

compete with Pan Am as an international carrier. Brewster is presented firmly on the side of Pan Am. Because of this Hughes says that he will do all in his power to ruin Brewster.

Ironically – while The Aviator does not go into it – there is a good deal of history involving Maine and Pan Am. If the film had mentioned it, Brewster would have come off worse than he did. And, if the film had mentioned Brewster’s alleged Klu Klux Klan (KKK) connections, he would have come off worse than that.

While it is largely forgotten in Maine today, Pan Am was a major presence in Maine. The air carrier, the first great one in the U.S., had regular Maine routes. There were stops in most major Maine cities, in-cluding Portland and Bangor. It even ex-tended to Eastport and Presque Isle. Pan Am’s Maine air routes were operated in conjunction with the Boston & Maine Rail-


by Charles Francis


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road. In fact, the most famous Pan Am pas-senger plane, The Clipper, had a decided Maine flavor. It alluded to the clipper ship of old.

Pan Am was developed by its most fa-mous president and CEO Juan Trippe. (Wil-liam Baldwin plays Trippe in The Aviator). Pan Am’s expansion into Maine occurred when Ralph Owen Brewster was elected Maine official, a member of the State Leg-islature, Governor, and later a member of Congress. Brewster and Trippe were well acquainted.

Ralph Owen Brewster – he went by his middle name – was born in Dexter in 1888. A Bowdoin and Harvard Law School grad-uate, he was a partner in one of the state’s most prestigious law firms, Chapman and Brewster. A World War I veteran, he served in the Maine House and Senate before suc-ceeding Percival Baxter as Governor. Then his career took something of a down turn.

In the late 1920s Hodgdon Buzzell, an admitted member of the KKK, ran for U.S. Senate. When Buzzell saw that he could


not win, he threw his support to Brewster. Brewster did not repudiate it. The incident caused a good deal of furor in Maine with former Governor Baxter openly denounc-ing Brewster. While Brewster did not become a Senator then, he was elected in 1940 and served until 1952.

In the U.S. Senate, Brewster was an ally of none other than communist witch hunter, Joe McCarthy. During his second term in the Senate Brewster was Chairman of the Special Committee on National Defense. The confrontation between Chairman Brewster and Howard Hughes arose over the latter’s acceptance of a $40 million dollar government plane contract without delivering any planes. It came to a head over whether or not the federal government would allow TWA to go international.

The Aviator presents the TWA/Pan Am rivalry with reasonable accuracy. Juan Trippe wanted his company to have the exclusive American rights to fly across the Atlantic. In the hearings, Hughes stated that Brewster pressured him to give TWA

over to Pan Am. That has never been sub-stantiated. It did make for a great movie scene, however.

The addendum to this little story is that Howard Hughes contributed to the 1952 U.S. Senate Republican nomination cam-paign of Frederick Payne. Payne defeated Brewster for the party nomination and went on to serve in the Senate.


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The Genealogy CornerSaving family recordsby Charles Francis

In May of 1867 Judah Rockwell wrote a letter home from Old Town to his brother James in Cornwallis, Nova Scotia. After saying that he misses his friends and family he goes on to de-scribe something traumatic that hap-pened to him in 1850 and which proba-bly led him to move to Old Town.

The above letter is part of a series Judah Rockwell wrote from Old Town to his family in Nova Scotia. The sin-gle letter is valuable for a number of reasons. It has value for reasons of family history and genealogy. It has historic value as it references an im-portant figure in Canadian history. And it has value for its insight into a social phenomenon of the times. The sin-gle letter is in the possession of Mary Lou Rockwell. Judah was Mary Lou’s great, great uncle. Mary Lou is more than willing that the letter be used for historical purposes. In fact, she has al-lowed it to be so used. Portions of the letter have appeared in a publication of the Rockwell Family Foundation, and elsewhere. Unfortunately, the series of which the letter is a part has passed into the hands of a branch of the family who have no interest in genealogy, family history or Canadian history. Sugges-tions that the letters be placed in the hands of those best suited to use them have been to no avail.

Many genealogists and family his-torians as well as historians in general have stories of family records that have been rescued from destruction at the last possible moment. Perhaps the old document was destined for shredding, a burn barrel or compost pile. Or per-haps it was placed in a box bound for a treasures and trash barn or auction house.

Recently a picture of Isaac Rock-well went up for sale on eBay. Isaac Rockwell may have been closely re-lated to Judah Rockwell. Judah had a cousin by that name. There is no way of knowing who this particular Isaac Rockwell was, though. However, his style of dress would place him in Ju-dah’s time period.

How did Isaac Rockwell’s picture come to be on eBay? Someone who saw no particular value in it but a pos-sible few dollars put it there. Family records can be lost through situations beyond our control. Records can be de-stroyed by fire or in floods or because of simple human error. For one family member to withhold a family treasure from other family members’ perusal or for professional use for whatever rea-son is, at the least, an act of negligence .

Judah Rockwell was a descendant of John Rockwell of Stamford, Con-necticut. A descendant of this John Rockwell, another John, went to Nova Scotia as a Planter in the 1760s. Other descendants of John of Stamford spread throughout New England and beyond. Judah Rockwell came to Old Town. His nephew James, the son of his brother James, came to Maine, to the Old Town area. He lived there for a time, working as a teamster. He then moved to Water-town, Massachusetts. Other Rockwells settled in the Alton area and in Corinna.

The letters of Judah Rockwell are a treasure trove of primary source his-torical material. This statement is made based on an examination of the single letter in the possession of Mary Lou Rockwell. They are also a valuable re-cord of family history. They describe occupations, family interconnections

and social structure of the day. They do this giving specific names, describing emotions and discussing business prac-tices.

Judah Rockwell’s letters were found under the upstairs floorboards of an old house in Nova Scotia in 1970. A family Bible dated 1838 containing Rockwell family names, dates and events was with the letters. They were found by members of the Rockwell family.

Judah Rockwell’s one letter tells of something that happened to him in 1850. That year he came down with a malady that he only identifies as something that caused him intense suf-fering. The doctor that treated him he identifies as a Dr. Borden. According to Rockwell, Borden was not in the least concerned with his suffering and did nothing to help him. In the letter he comes close to damning the doctor for his uncaring attitude and lack of un-derstanding. In fact, he describes one of his relatives, a child named Nathan Rockwell, as showing more under-standing during his time of suffering than Borden, who only provided him with two vials of medicine.

The Dr. Borden mentioned in the letter was Jonathan Borden. The Bor-den family is well-known in Canada. Jonathan Borden was a hero of the Boer War. His cousin Robert Borden was a Canadian Prime Minister.

Judah Rockwell’s malady and his experiences with Dr. Borden were re-sponsible for him turning to patent medicine as a cure for aches and pains and whatever else ailed him. This led to his becoming an expert on the use of patent medicines. It also led to his becoming a patent medicine salesman



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in Old Town.Judah Rockwell was what is known

as a “high pitch” patent medicine sales-man. “High pitch” salesmen travelled around giving their spiel from the back of a medicine wagon. This is how Ju-dah Rockwell made his living in the Old Town area for some twenty years.

Judah Rockwell sold Nova Scotia patent medicines in Maine. He seems to have done his principle business with a man named Caleb Gates from the Annapolis Valley town of Wilm-ot. Gates bought his patent medicines in Halifax. While the Rockwell corre-spondence does not mention any partic-ular manufacturers or specific brands, it seems clear that he handled a variety of medicines. Caleb Gates specifically uses the term ‘stocks’ as to what he is bringing Rockwell. In addition, Gates asks specifically of a particular route to the Digby area for making his delivery,


an indication that Rockwell’s goods left Nova Scotia by the Bay of Fundy.

Judah Rockwell was a patent med-icine man in an era when there were few doctors. Those that claimed to be seldom had much if any formal med-ical training. It was a time when most people turned to home remedies or else purchased patent medicine at travel-ling medicine shows or from patent medicine salesmen to do their own doctoring. Even if there was a doctor in their immediate area they were more inclined to use their own tried and true nostrums or one of those that itinerant patent medicine salesmen peddled rath-er than give ‘good’ money to someone who styled himself a doctor. And with this background we have another rea-son why Judah Rockwell’s letters are important.

There is a lesson in the above little

tale of Judah Rockwell’s letters. Except for the single letter in Mary Lou Rock-well’s possession, the Judah Rockwell letters were passed on to the eldest son of the owner of the house. He, in turn, passed them on to his eldest son. Neither evidenced any interest in the letters. We have here another instance of how family documents are lost. Per-haps serendipity will once more rescue Judah Rockwell’s letters. Perhaps not. The lesson here is don’t wait for seren-dipity to intervene in your own search for family documents. Get in touch with relatives to see what they may have and see if they are willing to share.


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The Flying Tigers Come To Dow FieldFamous fighter squadron holds reunions in Bangorby Charles Francis

Without doubt, the Flying Tiger squadron is the most famous fighter squadron of all time. Its exploits in the Far East have been the subject of books and movies. Its first com-mander, General Claire L. Chen-nault, is a figure of larger-than-life proportions, who, himself, has been the subject of several biographies. One Flying Tiger, Gregory “Pap-py” Boyington, was the subject of the movie and television show Baa Baa Black Sheep. One of the less-er known facts about this famed squadron is that it — or the 75th Fighter Squadron, which absorbed the Flying Tigers shortly after the United States entered World War II

— was stationed for a time at Dow Air Force Base, where it played a vital role in the nation’s defense during the critical years of the Cold War. The history of the 75th Fight-er Squadron, which still flies under the Flying Tiger flag, is one of the longest and most decorated of any military flight group. That a portion of the story of the Flying Tigers focuses on Maine, in general, and Dow Air Force Base, in particular, points out the vital role the State of Maine played in the defense of the United States. In addition, it should be noted that the Flying Tigers con-sider Bangor their true home as they continue, to this day, to hold their

reunions there.The first Flying Tiger squadron,

which was more formally known as the American Volunteer Group, consisted of reserve pilots who were given permission to fly in ae-rial combat against the Japanese in the China-Burma-India Theater in 1941. In this capacity, they pro-vided air support for the embattled Chinese forces of Chiang Kai-shek, which had no military aircraft to speak of, and kept the Burma Road, the only supply line into China, open.

The exploits of the Flying Tigers are the stuff of legend. At times, they were involved in engagements

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The Flying Tigers Come To Dow Field where they were outnumbered as much as eight to one. They land-ed their P-40’s in jungle clearings and rutted fields that had never be-fore had an airplane pass over. As a group, they amassed more kills, in a shorter period of time, than any fighter squadron in history. (“Pap-py” Boyington, who continued on as a Marine pilot, may have had the highest number of kills of any World War II ace.) The Flying Tigers ac-complished these feats without the logistical and materiel support of the regular army. Their mechanics often kept planes flying on little more than a wing and a prayer.

The 75th Fighter Squadron, which was to absorb the Flying Ti-gers, was born as the 75th Pursuit Squadron on December 17, 1941, exactly ten days after the Japanese

attacked Pearl Harbor. On May 15, 1942, after almost six months of arduous training on the west coast, it was renamed the 75th Fighter Squadron. The squadron was then sent to Southeast Asia, where it ab-sorbed the Flying Tigers of Claire Chennault.

The first action the 75th saw was on July 4, 1942, the day the squad-ron was activated. On that particu-lar Independence Day, the 75th flew the first night interception in the China-Burma-India Theater against a Japanese bombing raid. The Jap-anese were so unprepared for the attack that they lost at least two and possibly four bombers. From then on, the 75th compiled one of the most impressive records of World War II, a record that would win it the Presidential Unit Citation.

For the rest of the war, the 75th operated out of various airfields in China. Its primary mission was to maintain air superiority over Chi-na, and it did so admirably. The 75th attacked, strafed and destroyed more enemy airfields and supply depots than any other fighter squad-ron during World War II. Following the war, the 75th was assigned to various airfields abroad, including Guam and the Panama Canal Zone. Then, on January 12, 1951, it was designated as the 75th Fighter-In-terceptor Squadron and, with its F-86’s, assigned to Presque Isle Air Force Base.

At this time, terms like Cold War, Iron Curtain and nuclear pro-liferation were just beginning to be used. The Soviet Union had sealed off eastern Europe and the Berlin



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Air Lift had taken place, showing that the allies would not counte-nance Communist bullying. How-ever, the Soviets had exploded their first atomic bombs. To counter the growing Soviet menace NATO had been formed, and there was now an American-Canadian joint alliance called the Air Defense Command, designed to protect North America from a Soviet attack. From the latter would come the Strategic Air Com-mand and a proliferation of new air bases like Loring in Limestone. However, Loring was still on the drawing boards. For a time, then, Presque Isle Air Force Base and Dow Air Force Base were among the closest American bases to the Soviet Union, and for that reason, possibly the most important air bas-


es in the country. It was not a new role for them, however.

To understand why Maine would be the site of some of the most im-portant air bases in the United States like Dow Air Force Base, it is nec-essary to examine conditions and geography in Maine. Maine, at the northeastern corner of the United States, is the closest state to Europe. Therefore, for most of the twentieth century, it has been considered vital to the defense as well as offense of the country. When war threatened in Europe with the rise of the Nazis in Germany, the state and the nation as a whole had begun to take steps to gear up for the possibility of being drawn into a conflict.

On June 20, 1940, the Maine legislature created the Military

Defense Commission, which was charged with preparing the state for possible hostile developments. This commission gave its attention to two defense priorities: the building of armories and airport construction in those places that were consid-ered vital for national defense. In the latter instance, the commission provided engineering expertise, su-pervision and financial assistance in buying land for airport sites and expansion. All in all, over thirty airports like Dow Field in Bangor were either upgraded or created by the commission. All together, from 1940 and through World War II, over fifty million dollars in federal, state and local funds was expended in Maine for airport development, and Dow Air Base had its share of

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the funding.During the war, Dow Air Base

was one of the most important and largest bases of the Army Air Corps. Thousands of heavy bombers thun-dered out of Bangor, almost month-ly, heading for the war theater in Eu-rope. With the close of World War II, Dow Air Base, or as it would soon be known, Dow Air Force Base, as well as the entire State of Maine, continued to be regarded as vital to the nation’s defense. This was why fighter-intercept squadrons like the 75th of Flying Tiger fame were sta-tioned here.

The primary mission of the 75th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, while it was in Maine, was to fly its F-86’s with “a high degree of operational proficiency so that it might repel any possible air attack.”

The 75th was stationed at Presque

Isle twice in the 1950s. Its first stay ended in October of 1952, when the squadron was assigned to Suf-folk County Air Force Base in New York. It returned in 1955. That same year the squadron’s F-86’s were replaced by F-89’s. From Presque Isle, the 75th moved to Dow Air Force in Bangor where it remained until 1968, making its stay there the longest of its assignments. In 1959, while at Dow, the squadron convert-ed to flying F-101’s. The 75th was deactivated at Wurtsmith Air Force Base in Michigan in November of 1969. This was not the end of this legendary fighter group, however.

The 75th was reactivated in May of 1972 at England Air Force Base in Louisiana, this time as the 75th Tactical Fighter Squadron. The 75th remained at England Air Force Base until November, 1991, when it was

again deactivated. In April of 1992, it was again activated under the fa-mous Flying Tiger flag. The squad-ron is now stationed at Pope Air Force Base in North Carolina.

Over the years, hundreds of 75th pilots and support personnel helped to maintain the traditions of the first Flying Tigers who went as volun-teers to fight the Japanese in the Far East. This past fall, the men of 75th held a reunion in Bangor. The re-union was attended by Flying Tigers from across the United States who came to remember and pay tribute to the traditions of their squadron.

As for Dow Air Force Base, it is now Bangor International Airport. one of the premier airports on the east coast, as well as one with a his-tory that few other airports can rival.



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A Matter Of ConscienceBangor’s Norman Cahners and the 1936 Olympicsby Charles Francis

Norman Cahners qualified for the U.S. Olympic trials of 1936. He did not take part. Some have called that decision boycotting. Some have called it a protest. Oth-ers have suggested it was highly personal — a matter of conscience.

Norman Cahners was a very good track and field athlete. He was a standout in the sport at Har-vard, and before that at Phillips Academy. Before that he showed his athletic temperament on the fields and playgrounds of Bangor.

The 1936 Olympics were the Berlin Olympics. This fact pro-vides the context of Cahners’ deci-sion. The 1936 Olympics were the Nazi Olympics. Norman Cahners

was Jewish.From the perspective of today, it

seems clear to many — if not most — that the 1936 Olympics were a stepping stone to the Holocaust. Back in 1936, few Americans un-derstood what was going on in Nazi Germany as far as Jews were concerned. American Jews had the best insights. Those insights ex-tended to the fact that Jews in Ger-many were slowly being stripped of their rights and property. Rights included the freedom to participate in sport. 1933 saw Jewish athletes being dropped from German sports organizations and clubs. By 1935, Jews were denied membership in all German sport associations.

For much of the twentieth centu-ry qualifying for the Olympics was the amateur athlete’s dream. The statement is so worded because the attitude of some athletes regarding the Olympics has changed since the addition of professionals. This point aside, it must be noted that the United States as a country has boycotted only one of the Olym-pics — the Moscow Olympics. That boycott involved the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Many American athletes objected to the boycott. In part, the objection re-lated to politics. The Olympics was viewed as being — or intended to be — a hiatus from politics. That was part of the Olympic ideal. Of



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course, some American athletes objected to the boycott on personal grounds. The boycott put their ath-letic careers on hold. It had finan-cial implications. Athletes could lose endorsement opportunities, the chance for guest shots on tele-vision, and possible movie deals. Some saw it as the last chance for sport stardom.

Norman Cahners’ 1936 deci-sion is often linked to the self-same decision of Milton Greene. Greene, like Cahners, was Jewish. Both were track and field stars at Harvard. Both qualified for the Olympic trials. In 1936 Cahners and Greene combined to take six first place gold medals at the Har-vard/Yale track and field meet. This was at a time when there was no national NCAA track and field championship. The Harvard/Yale meet was ‘the’ meet of the colle-


giate season. Because of their Har-vard/Yale accomplishment there was a good deal of speculation as to how Cahners and Greene might fare at the Olympics.

Norman Cahners was the son of James Cahners of Bangor. James was the son of Samuel Cahners and Celia Kopit. He owned a fur-niture company, and depending on the source, either owned or man-aged the Bangor Gas Company. James married Katherine Louise Epstein. The couple had four chil-dren: Charlotte, Norman, Walter and Fulton.

Norman Cahners was a track and field weight and sprint man. His best event was the hammer. His distances in that event were routinely in the 160 foot range. There is little question of his not qualifying for the U.S. Olympic team in the event. Milton Greene

was a sprint man. His special-ty was high hurdles. Greene was co-holder of the 45-yard indoor high hurdle mark. He should have easily qualified for the Olympic team in the 110-high hurdles.

Based on subsequent inter-views, it seems clear that neither Cahners nor Greene had a thor-ough understanding of the situa-tion for the Jews in Nazi Germany. What, then, led to their decision to forego the U.S. Olympic trials?

It would appear that Cahners and Greene knew enough about what was going on in Germany to seek out the advice of someone whose opinion they valued. That individual was Rabbi Harry Levy of Temple Israel in Boston. Rab-bi Levy had seen the speculation regarding Cahners’ and Greene’s potential as Olympic athletes. The two Harvard men had great re-


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spect for Rabbi Levy. Greene later described the meeting with Levy as “a shocker to both Cahners and myself.” Rabbi Levy described Nazi book burning and depriving Jews of rights. The athletes found the acts repulsive.

Cahners and Greene were not the only Jewish athletes to boycott the U.S. Olympic trials. That is not the point. What is to the point, however, is that once they made their decision no one seemed to care. The decision generated little if any publicity.

Sometime after the meeting with Rabbi Levy, Norman Cahners was chosen as one of two Harvard undergraduates to speak at the Harvard Tercentenary Ceremo-nies of 1936. He spoke before an alumni audience of 10,000. In ad-dition, the speech was broadcast over a worldwide radio hook-up. Today some see the honor as com-

pensation for the boycott decision. Cahners was also elected presi-dent of the Harvard Class of 1936. Much later he was inducted into the Harvard Varsity Athletic Hall of Fame.

Norman Cahners went on to be-come a major American publisher and philanthropist. The Cahners Publishing Company, which he founded in 1960, grew into the largest United States publisher of trade magazines. Norman Cahners died in 1986.

Looking back from the present- day, one may see the decisions made by Norman Cahners and Milton Greene as obvious and log-ical. We, however, have the advan-tage of present day knowledge and hindsight. Cahners and Greene and Rabbi Levy did not know what we do, facts such as the German people of Hitler’s Germany killed 1,000,000 children. What they did

know only involved book burning and depreciation of rights.

When Norman Cahners and Milton Greene visited Rabbi Levy they were young men, still in col-lege. They were young men wres-tling with moral dilemma. Cahners and Greene could have overlooked book burning and the deprivation of rights given their dreams of par-ticipating in the Olympics. They could have if they were possessed of sloppy morals. They weren’t, however. Norman Cahners and Milton Greene made hard ethical choices. They did so as a matter of conscience.


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Ellsworth’s Lady Candlepin ChampEleanor Patten crowned world champion in 1972by Charles Francis

Eleanor Patten took up candlepin bowling when she was in her mid-for-ties. The new interest became an en-gaging passion. In 1972, when she was sixty-one, Patten was crowned world champion candlepin bowler. There were a long string of championships in Ellsworth, the State of Maine, and New England preceding the world title.

Age and physical and mental health aren’t mutually exclusive. No matter how old we are, we will remain healthy so long as we seek out novel things to do. There is a caveat to this dictum, though. Once we find something that interests us, we must turn our full at-tention to it. That’s what’s necessary to bring healthy change into our lives.

Eleanor Patten was a serious com-petitive bowler. The attraction to com-petitive bowling lasted some twenty years. It began when Eleanor won her first Ellsworth City Championship in 1961. Altogether she won twelve city titles. After the twelfth, Eleanor gave up that competition to, as she said, “give others a chance.” It didn’t mean she gave up candlepin competition, though.

Candlepin bowling is sometimes described as being a New England pastime. This isn’t true, though. It’s at

least as popular in eastern Canada as it is in the region where it was born. In fact, if you ask a Canadian from New Brunswick or Nova Scotia, they will tell you the only sport that surpasses it in popularity, among adults, is hockey.

There are a number of different vari-eties of bowling. There is ten-pin, duck-pin, and candlepin. Curling sometimes is included as a variation. Then there is bowls, and/or boules. The latter, some-times lumped under the heading of lawn bowling, is related to the Italian game of bocce. Generally speaking, in bowls, you roll a ball as close as possi-ble to another ball. Ten-pin and duck-pin, and candlepin are alike in that the object is to knock down pins. Duckpin and ten-pin are similar in that the pins are rounded, with a bulbous base. They are dissimilar in that the duckpin ball is smaller than the ten-pin ball with its finger holes. Candlepin pins have the shape of a candle. They taper to the same circumference at each end. The candlepin ball is the smallest of the three. Passionate candlepin bowlers ar-gue that, because of the size of the can-dlepin ball, candlepin bowling requires the greatest dexterity and mind body coordination. If this is indeed the case, then Eleanor Patten was the master’s

bowling master.

Eleanor Patten was an Ellsworth na-tive. Her amateur, competitive bowling career began here. Her amateur career ended when she defeated perennial Massachusetts state champion Stasia Czernicki. That Patten’s amateur career would end with the defeat of the Bay State Champ is somehow fitting. Can-dlepin bowling is said to have originat-ed in Massachusetts — in Worcester.

Stasia Czernicki was defending world champ when Eleanor beat her. In fact, Czernicki had a string of eight straight world championships. Patten beat Czernicki 1,212 to 1,198.

Eleanor Patten had an amazing candlepin career. It included Eastern Maine championships, state singles, dual and team championships and be-ing voted Maine’s Top Woman’s Bowl-er four times. It included a year on the Pro-bowlers tour, which resulted in her being named professional Bowler of the Year. There is no question that Pat-ten was a remarkably successful bowl-er. If there is a question regarding her, it might be why she was so successful.

There is a good more to being a suc-cessful athlete than familiarity with the basics of diet, motivation, and training.



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Yet, these are the factors that are most often cited as being the most important components of winning as a competi-tor.

Most anyone can run, jump, or throw to some degree. The basic skills or abilities are in our genes. To do these things well — really well, one must strengthen neuronal connections in the brain. To throw well, to throw to, and reach or connect — with an intended and difficult target — the visual func-tions which process images, and the motor functions which move the hand and arm, require intense and long-term development. The superior athlete is one who has modified his or her brain. The process is sometimes described as cognitive fluidity. The superior ath-lete is one who has modified his or her brain, or a part of his or her brain, to a high degree. In a sense, it can be said that the brain is really like a muscle. The most common conceptual analogy is to describe the brain — or a portion of the brain — as plastic.

A good athlete knows ways of train-ing or modifying his or her brain. This helps explain why Eleanor Patten Web-ber was a great candlepin bowler.

Eleanor Patten starred on the bas-ketball team, track team, and baseball team while a student at Ellsworth High School. Baseball involved girls versus boys.


When Eleanor married Roland Web-ber, he introduced her to pool. Eleanor was sixty-eight at the time. Roland was the better player. Given Eleanor’s abil-ity develop her hand and eye coordina-tion, can anyone imagine that situation continuing?

Fittingly, Eleanor Patten’s achieve-ments in, and contributions to, candle-pin bowling have been marked with in-duction to the Candlepin Bowling Hall of Fame. She is also an inductee of the Maine Sports Hall of Fame.

Eleanor Patten serves as a role mod-el for all those who consider themselves as ‘too old’ to try new things. She also serves as an example that one need nev-er give up the things one loves, or the things that really keep one young and alive.

Eleanor Patten ‘retired’ from com-petitive bowling in 1975. She was six-ty-four then. Ten years later, in 1985, she came out of retirement to lead a candlepin team to the Maine Mixed Handicap Title. Clearly age was no handicap.

There is one last note on the remark-able candlepin bowling champ from Ellsworth. Seeking out novel ways of engaging one’s mental and physical self is just one of the marks of healthy

ageing. There was another side to El-eanor Patten. She had a sense of social responsibility — one that had nothing to do with the world of competitive ath-letics.

During her lifetime Eleanor Patten donated over six gallons of blood to lo-cal blood banks. And not only did she donate her blood to this worthy cause, but she was a tireless volunteer worker for the American Association of Blood Banks. She was recognized for her ser-vice to this latter organization, as well as others like the Grange, and Odd Fel-lows, with a number of achievement awards.


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The Penobscot: A Historic GraveyardUnderwater graveyard holds historic vesselsby Charles Francis

Some years ago I was contact-ed by two University of Maine engineering students who wanted to know if I had any information on old wrecks in the Penobscot River. It seems the two were scuba diving enthusiasts, and intended searching the bottom of the Pe-nobscot for sunken vessels and whatever else they might find. They were especially interested in discovering old cannons, espe-cially the rare ones, bearing Paul Revere’s distinctive markings and brass work. Their idea was to sell whatever they could find.

At the time, the most recent dive work in the Penobscot that I knew of had been conduct-ed by Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Maine Maritime Academy back in the early 1970s. Their search had concentrated on the Penobscot Expedition vessel Defence. The Defence had gone down in Devereaux Cove off San-dy Point.

I told the two would-be marine archaeologists that there were any number of Revolutionary War era vessels sunk in the river, and that there were all sort of rules and reg-ulations — including the interna-tional Law of the Sea Convention — governing diving on military wrecks, and that divers had been prevented from exploring a World War II German submarine sunk in Penobscot Bay because the sub was viewed as a grave site. I sug-gested that they contact a former professor of mine at the Univer-sity, John Battick, to find out just

what sort of problems they might encounter. Battick is an acknowl-edged authority on maritime his-tory in general, and that history as it relates to the State of Maine in particular. I later found out that the two students decided on just div-ing for the fun of exploring. Their dive sites were off Frankfort, the Winterport docks, and Oak Point in Winterport, where ill-fated Pe-nobscot expedition vessels were thought to have gone down back in 1779.

Paul Revere’s ship, the Spring Bird, is believed to lie off Frank-fort. Revere was the expedition’s colonel of artillery. The artillery brig, Samuel, is thought to have been scuttled at Winterport. Com-modore Dudley Saltonstall’s flag-ship, the Continental Navy frigate Warren, is also believed to lie off Winterport. Saltonstall, the expe-dition’s Navy commander, would be subjected to court martial, and dismissed from the service for fail-ure to engage the British.

I suspect that the two student divers discovered that while it is perfectly legal to dive on old mili-tary wrecks, it is illegal to remove anything associated with them. This caveat extends to debris from sunken military vessels, and even to debris fields that cover a wide area, though no vessels have been found for evidence.

The Penobscot River is rife with history — be it in the form of wrecks — whether ships, or at least one airplane. In the 1980s a private airplane carrying two peo-

ple disappeared between Bangor International Airport and Belfast Airport. After a wide and long-go-ing search, it was found in the river. There are tunnels running from the river bank to buildings hundreds of yards inland. Some date back to the days of the Un-derground Railroad. One of the latter is well-known in Winterport. There is another further upriver in Hampden. However, historically the Penobscot is best known as the last resting place for a large num-ber of vessels from the Penobscot Expedition.

In the summer of 2007 the Penobscot Expedition’s watery graveyard became front page news, as local newspapers blared headlines like “Remnants of major naval defeat found,” and Penob-scot’s Hidden History Uncovered.” News stories included photos of Dominic Serres’s famous painting Destruction of the American Fleet at Penobscot Bay.

Actually there were only a few details in the news stories on the Penobscot Expedition that were new. Having taught history for a good number of years at Searsport District High School, I was well aware of the expedition, and its significance in American history. After all, it was the greatest naval disaster in the country’s long naval history until Pearl Harbor. Then, too, Searsport’s DAR chapter is the Penobscot Expedition chapter. It was formed in 1972.

The impetus for the news sto-ries on the last resting place of Ex-



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pedition vessels had to do with the fact that recent dredging work in the Penobscot had run into sites of the long-sunken vessels. The arti-cles’ major point seemed to be that nothing would be done to disturb the integrity of largely mud-ob-scured timbers.

What was new in the way of news involving the Penobscot Ex-pedition was the Navy’s interest in the sites. The Navy’s interest came in the form of Robert Neyland. Neyland is head of the Underwa-ter Archaeology Branch, Naval Historical Center. Among other things, Neyland headed up the re-covery of the H. L. Hunley. The H. L. Hunley was a Confederate sub-marine that went down off North Carolina.

Referencing Robert Neyland and the Naval Historic Center served to place the Penobscot Ex-


pedition in a new, and more im-portant context. Suddenly Maine in general, and the Penobscot in particular, had a place in main-stream national and world history.

According to Robert Neyland, nothing of the remains of the Ex-pedition are to be considered as salvageable under traditional Ad-miralty salvage laws: “none of it,” he said, “is abandoned property.” Neyland went on to say that there are “civil penalties for unautho-rized taking of materials from fed-erally recognized wrecks,” like those of the Penobscot Expedition. That means that those timbers seen off Frankfort, the Winter-port docks, Oak Point, Devereaux Cove, and elsewhere on the Penob-scot at low tide, and long known to any number of local residents, are protected under law by the proper-ty clause of the Constitution.

Perhaps the most important re-cent aspect of renewed interest in the Penobscot Expedition is active involvement of the Navy with lo-cal organizations. A partnership has been created with the Navy, the Maine Historical Preservation Commission, and the University of Maine, for purposes of explora-tion and site mapping. Given the identity of the vessels lying in the depths of the murky river, the part-nership is important to keep atten-tion focused on preserving the in-tegrity of the Penobscot’s historic graveyard.

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DIRECTORY OF ADVERTISERSBusiness Business BusinessPage Page

ABM Mechanical ........................................................................33A.E. Robinson Oil Company .......................................................25Al Benner Homes ........................................................................37Albert Fitzpatrick ..........................................................................9Al’s Diner ......................................................................................8Ames Construction ......................................................................24Aroostook Milling Co. .................................................................21Auto Radiator Service .................................................................35B&L Auto Body Inc. ...................................................................65Bagel Central ...............................................................................54Bangor Area Visiting Nurses .........................................................3Bangor Frameworks ....................................................................53Bangor Letter Shop & Color Copy Center...................................35Bangor Motor Inn & Conference Center .....................................52Bangor Pipe & Supply, Inc. .........................................................53Bangor Region Chamber of Commerce ......................................51Bangor Tire Company .................................................................33Bangor Truck & Trailer Sales, Inc. .............................................56Bangor Window Shade & Drapery Co. .......................................34Bartlett Chapel ...............................................................................5Beal’s Garage ..............................................................................58

Bear Point Marina .......................................................................20Behavioral Health Center ............................................................51Big House Sound, LLC ...............................................................38Bowman Constructors .................................................................42Bowman Mini Storage .................................................................42Bradley Redemption Center ........................................................48Bragdon’s Woodworking .............................................................47Brookings-Smith Funeral Home .................................................54Brooks Tire & Auto .....................................................................44Brownlee Builders .......................................................................11Bruce’s Tractor Sales ...................................................................49Bucksport Monuments & Sandblasting .......................................64Bucksport Motor Inn ...................................................................64Budge Heating .............................................................................48Bud’s Shop N’ Save Supermarkets ..............................................28Bugaboo Creek ............................................................................31C & I Custom Builders, LLC ......................................................19Canaan Motel ..............................................................................29Carmel Oil ...................................................................................44Caron & Son Screening Co. ..........................................................4Carousel Diversified Services .....................................................30Carter’s Citgo ..............................................................................61Center Theatre .............................................................................39Chloe’s Collections Florist & Gift Shoppe .................................27Clay Funeral Home .......................................................................5Coach House Restaurant .............................................................56Coastal Car Care, Inc. .................................................................57Coburn Family Restaurant ..........................................................24Cold Stream Storage ...................................................................19Cole Land Transportation Museum ..............................................7Colin Bartlett & Sons, Inc. ......................................................... 16Colonial Health Care ....................................................................7Colonial Inn .................................................................................38Complete Tire Service, Inc. .........................................................58Corinna Auto Body ......................................................................44Country Junction Greenhouse & Garden .....................................23Cox Law Offices ..........................................................................43Cozy Corner ..................................................................................9Crandall’s Hardware ....................................................................14Cummings Health Care Facility, Inc. ..........................................19Cunningham Brothers, Inc. ..........................................................11Currie Roofing .............................................................................15Custom Sled & Cycle ..................................................................16D.L.C. 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Gateway Inn ................................................................................ 13Gazebo Sports and Gifts ..............................................................54General Rental Center .................................................................48Gerald Pelletier, Inc. ....................................................................22Global Self Storage .....................................................................30Grassroots Catering & Cafe ........................................................ 12Gray’s Custom Builders .............................................................. 22Green Door Framing ................................................................... 40H.C. 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Page Farm Home & Museum ......................................................30Pamola Motor Lodge ...................................................................15Pat’s Pizza Orono ........................................................................30Patten Drug Co. ...........................................................................10Peete’s Neat Sweep ......................................................................42Pelletier Loggers Family Restaurant ........................................... 22Penobscot Energy Recovery Co. ...................................................7Penobscot Marine Museum .......................................... Back CoverPenobscot Nation Cultural & Historical Preservation...................50Perkco Supply, Inc. ......................................................................47Perry O’Brian, Attorney At Law ..................................................52Peter’s Truck & Trailer Repair .................................................... 21Pine Grove Crematorium .............................................................54Piper’s Auto Body and Sales, LLC ..............................................61Piscataquis Chamber of Commerce .............................................20Pleasant River Lumber ................................................................39Plumbline Carpentry ................................................................... 24Precision Auto Body ....................................................................60Pri Steen Builders ........................................................................38Pushaw Lake Campground ..........................................................30R&B Realty .................................................................................43R.A. Thomas Logging .................................................................41R.H. Auto Sales and Rentals ........................................................11R.J. Morin, Inc. ............................................................................49Rawcliffe’s Service Center ..........................................................57Raymond James Financial Services, Inc. ......................................6Raymond’s Variety & Diner ........................................................16Rick’s Market ..............................................................................12Rideout’s Market .........................................................................14Rideout’s Seasonal Services ........................................................39Rioux Electric ..............................................................................14River’s Edge Motel ......................................................................23Rockwell Properties .................................................................... 22Rockwell Tires Plus .....................................................................21Rocky Ridge Motel ......................................................................32Rooster Brother ...........................................................................37Rustic Rail Fence Co. ..................................................................23S.F. Eastman, LLC .......................................................................38Sam’s Trucking & Excavation .....................................................47Sandman Painting ........................................................................54Scotties Bookhouse .....................................................................61Sebasticook Family Doctors ........................................................28Sebasticook Valley Chamber .......................................................43Sewing Machine Sales & Service ................................................46Shorey Oil Inc. ............................................................................28Sign Services Inc. ........................................................................44Simpson’s Small Engine Repair ..................................................49Snow’s Saw Shop ........................................................................40Soucy’s Auto Repair & Auto Electronics ......................................8Spring Break Sugarhouse & Gift Shop ........................................21Stairs Welding R.L., Inc. ............................................................. 16

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STEaD Timberlands, LLC ...........................................................16Steinke & Caruso Dental Care .....................................................39Stepping Stone Farm ...................................................................44Stewart’s Wrecker Service .............................................................5Stone’s Earthwork .......................................................................64Stucco Lodge ...............................................................................51Sturdi-Bilt Storage Buildings, LLC............................................... 4Sullivan’s Wrecker Service ..........................................................49Sweet Seniors Guest House .........................................................13Swett’s Tire and Auto ..................................................................53T&S Market .................................................................................10T&W Garage ...............................................................................29The Chimney Man .......................................................................21The General Store and More .......................................................20The Hair Razor ............................................................................12The Maine Store ..........................................................................44The Old Creamery Antique Mall .................................................58The Pioneer Place, USA ..............................................................10The Rock & Art Shop ..................................................................32The Tax Clinic, Inc. .....................................................................49Thomas School Of Dance ............................................................34Thomas Tax & Financial Services ...............................................54Thomas W. Duff ............................................................................6Thompson’s Hardware, Inc. ........................................................19Tim Merrill & Co., Inc. ...............................................................26Tim’s Plumbing ...........................................................................23Tradewinds Market ......................................................................24Tri-City Pizza ..............................................................................52Tucker Auto Repair .....................................................................52Two Rivers Canoe & Tackle .......................................................14United Insurance .........................................................................29Vacationland Estates Resort ..........................................................3Whitten’s 2 Way Service, Inc. .....................................................36Willard S. Hanington & Son, Inc. .................................................8Wing Wah ..................................................................................... 5Winn Equipment & Parts .............................................................17Winn Service Center ....................................................................17Withams’s Garage ....................................................................... 20WKIT/WZON .............................................................................33Yates Lumber, Inc. .......................................................................17Yates Trucking, Inc ......................................................................17York’s of Houlton ..........................................................................9Young Funeral Home ...................................................................64


2013 Penobscot-Piscataquis-Greater Bangor Region

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Penobscot Piscataquis Bangor Edition

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