pengelolaan-agroekosistem-SAWAH

PENGELOLAAN AGROEKOSISTEM LAHAN SAWAH

Bahan kajian MK. Manajemen Agroekosistem FPUB Juli 2011Diabstraksikan olehProf Dr Ir Soemarno MSDosen Jur Tanah FPUB

SAWAH

Sawah adalah lahan usaha pertanian yang secara fisik permukaan BIDANG OLAHNYA rata, dibatasi oleh pematang, serta dapat ditanami padi, palawija atau tanaman budidaya lainnya.

Biasanya sawah digunakan untuk bercocok tanam padi. Untuk keperluan ini, sawah harus mampu menyangga genangan air karena padi memerlukan penggenangan pada periode tertentu dalam pertumbuhannya. Untuk mengairi sawah digunakan sistem irigasi dari mata air, sungai atau air hujan. Sawah yang airnya berasal dari hujan dikenal sebagai sawah tadah hujan, sementara yang lainnya adalah sawah irigasi. Padi yang ditanam di sawah dikenal sebagai padi lahan basah (lowland rice).

EKOSISTEM SWAHDalam usaha budidaya padi harus diketahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman secara ekologi, baik faktor biotik dan abiotik di lingkungan tumbuh tanaman tersebut.

Pertanaman padi sawah adalah monokultur, selain itu terdapat beberapa flora dan fauna di sekitar pertanaman yang akan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman padi.

Organisme yang ada di sekitar tanaman padi adalah mikrofauna dalam tanah, mesofauna, makrofauna dan vegetasi (gulma) yang ada di sekitar persawahan.

BUDIDAYA PADI SAWAH

Sawah merupakan suatu sistem budidaya tanaman yang khas dilihat dari sudut kekhususan pertanaman yaitu padi, penyiapan tanah, pengelolaan air dan dampaknya atas lingkungan. Lahan sawah perlu diperhatikan secara khusus dalam penatagunaan lahan. Meskipun di lahan sawah dapat diadakan pergiliran berbagai tanaman, namun pertanaman pokok selalu padi.

Jadi, kajian tentang sawah tentu berkaitan dengan produksi padi dan beras.

Interaction of the social system with agricultural ecosystems after the Industrial Revolution

Interaction, coevolution and coadaptation of the human social system with the ecosystem Source: Adapted from Rambo, A and Sajise, T (1985) An Introduction to Human Ecology Research on Agricultural Systems in Southeast Asia, University of the Philippines, Los Banos, Philippines

Coadaptation of modern social sytems and ecosystems

BUDIDAYA PADI

Budidaya padi sawah (Ing. paddy atau paddy field), diduga dimulai dari daerah lembah Sungai Yangtse di Tiongkok.

Budidaya padi lahan kering, dikenal manusia lebih dahulu daripada budidaya padi sawah.

Budidaya padi lahan rawa, dilakukan di beberapa tempat di Pulau Kalimantan.

Budidaya gogo rancah atau disingkat gora, yang merupakan modifikasi dari budidaya lahan kering. Sistem ini sukses diterapkan di Pulau Lombok, yang hanya memiliki musim hujan singkat.

Teknologi budidaya

Bercocok tanam padi mencakup persemaian, pemindahan atau penanaman, pemeliharaan (termasuk pengairan, penyiangan, perlindungan tanaman, serta pemupukan), dan panen.

Aspek lain yang penting namun bukan termasuk dalam rangkaian bercocok tanam padi adalah pemilihan kultivar, pemrosesan gabah dan penyimpanan beras.

BUDIDAYA PADI SECARA INTENSIF

S R I ( SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION)

Suatu cara budidaya tanaman padi yang efesien dengan proses manajemen sistem perakaran yang berbasis pada pengelolaan air, tanah, dan tanaman

SRI berasal dari Madagascar dikembangkan sejak sekitar 1980-an oleh Fr. Henri de Laulani, SJ (biarawan asal Perancis) dan berkembang ke sekitar 24 negara sejak sekitar 1993


PERMASALAHAN BUDIDAYA TANAMAN PADI

Penurunan kesehatan dan kesuburan tanah Kecenderungan potensi padi untuk berproduksi lebih tinggi mandeg Penggunaan unsur kimia anorganik dan pestisida sintesis meningkat Perilaku petani sudah jauh dari kearifan dalam memanfaatkan potensi lokal


DASAR PEMIKIRAN METODE SRI

Tanaman Padi mempunyai potensi yang besar untuk menghasilkan produksi dalam taraf tinggi Dapat dicapai dengan terpenuhinya kondisi yang optimal Dicapai melalui proses pengelolaan tanah, tanaman dan air serta unsur agroekosistemnya Terjadi kecenderungan penurunan produksiPadi bukan tanaman air, tetapi padi tanaman yang membutuhkan air Pada kondisi tanah tidak tergenang, akar akan tumbuh subur dan besar, sehingga dapat menyerap nutrisi yang banyak, sertra mendorong tumbuhnya ANAKAN yang optimal.


PENYEBAB TERJADINYA PENURUNAN PRODUKSI PADIPenurunan kesuburan tanah akibat penggunaan pupuk dan pestisida anorganik Mikroba dalam tanah tidak bisa berfungsi Aliran energi dari bawah ke atas permukaan tanah tidak seimbang Suplay nutrisi dari tanah sangat kurang Tanaman menunggu suplay makanan dari luar berupa pupuk sintesis Penggunaan pupuk dan pestisida sintesis yang berlebihan mengakibatkan rantai makanan terputus Musuh Alami hanya menunggu makanan dari keberadaan hama Jenjang hirerkis Musuh Alami lebih tinggi maka hama akan berkembang lebih pesat


CARA PANDANG KURANG ARIF

Orang beranggapan di sawah hanya ada tanaman dan hama Untuk memenangkan persaingan hama harus dibunuh Pestisida yang berkuasa untuk memusnahkan hama Pestisida tidak bisa mengentaskan masalah karena hama Hama menjadi kebal Terjadi peledakan hama Pencemaran lingkungan Terbunuhnya jasad non sasaran Pengurangan keragaman unsur hayati Gangguan terhadap kesehatan manusia .


SRI Di Indonesia antara lain oleh Pak Engkus Kuswara dan Pak Alik Sutaryat (Tahun 1999)

Yang mereka terapkan adalah :

Tanam Tunggal Dan Dangkal Umur Semai Kurang 15 Hari Penanaman cepat kurang 15 Menit Pupuk Organik


METODOLOGI SRI ADALAH :Tanaman Hemat Air (Max 2 Cm = Macak-macak dan juga ada periode pengeringan sampai tanah pecah-pecah) Hemat Biaya (butuh bibit 5 Kg/Ha, Tidak butuh biaya Pencabutan, Pemindahan, Irit tenaga tanam, dll)Hemat Waktu (bibit ditanam muda 3 - 10 HSS dengan jarak tanam lebar dan Panen lebih awal sekitar 10 14 hari)Produksi Bisa Mencapai 7 - 14 Ton/Ha.

PENGARUH PENGGENANGAN AIR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN PADI

Merangsang pertumbuhan memanjang tanaman, menghasilkan lebih banyak jeramiMenghambat pertumbuhan anakan/tunasTanaman kurang dapat mengambil unsur hara yang dibutuhkanPenggenangan yang terlalu dalam dan lama dapat merubah sifat-sifat kimia tanah sawah, antara lain : kandungan O2 yang sedikit, kandungan CO2 yang berlebihan, terjadi akumulasi H2S, yang dapat meracuni tanaman sehingga tanaman menjadi kerdil

PRINSIP SRI

Pengolahan tanah dan pemupukan kompos organikBenih bermutu dan ditanam mudaBenih ditanam tunggal dan langsungJarak tanam LebarPemupukan tidak dengan pupuk sintesisPengelolaan air yang macak-macak dan bersamaan dengan penyianganPHT tidak memakai pestisida sintesis

UJI BENIH BERMUTU DENGAN LARUTAN GARAM

Caranya :Siapkan ember atau panci atau wadah lain beriisi airMasukan garam aduk-aduk sampai larut, Masukan telur ayam mentah kedalam larutan garam tersebut, bila telur masih tenggelam maka perlu penambahan garam.Pemberian garam dianggap cukup apabila telur sudah mengapung.Masukan benih yang sudah disiapkan kedalam larutan tersebut.Benih yang tenggelam yang digunakan sebagai benih yang akan ditanam.

PERENDAMAN DAN PEMERAMAN BENIH

BENIH DIRENDAM, Setelah diuji, benih direndam dengan mempergunakan air bersih dengan tujuan mempercepat perkecambahan selama 24 48 jam.

BENIH DIPERAM, Benih yang telah direndam kemudian diangkat ke dalam tempat tertentu yang telah dilapisi dengan daun pisang dengan tujuan untuk memberikan udara masuk / penganginan / ngamut selama 24 jam.

CARA MEMBUAT PERSEMAIAN

Campurkan Tanah dan kompos 1 : 1Masukan campuran tanah dan kompos ke dalam baki atau pipiti yang dilapisi daun pisangTaburkan benih ke dalam nampanTutup dengan jerami atau kompos

Persemaian padi dengan Menggunakan Pupuk HOSC sebagai pupuk Semai , menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang bagus dan perkembangan akar yang sempurna pada usia 9 hari, dan pada usia 13 hari benih padi

CARA PENANAMAN BENIH

Tanam benih berusia muda antara 3 - 10 hari (maksimal berdaun 2), usahakan di bawah 8 hari setelah semai.

Tanam hanya 1 (satu) benih per lubang dengan jarak tanam 30x30 cm atau 35x35 cm

Bibit ditanam dangkal 1 1,5 cm dengan perakaran seperti huruf L.

Pindah tanam (transplanting) harus segera (kurang dari 15 menit) secara hati-hati

Petak sawah tidak selalu tergenang, kondisi air hanya macak-macak (1-2 cm) dan pada periode tertentu harus dikeringkan sampai retak (intermittent irrigation)

Penyiangan dilakukan lebih awal pada 10 hst diulang 3 s/d 4 kali dengan interval waktu setiap 10 hari ( mengunkan tenaga manusia/lalandak )

KETERBATASAN S R I

Membutuhkan tenaga kerja lebih banyak (pada awalnya)Perlu drainase untuk membuang kelebihan airLebih banyak waktu untuk untuk mengatur pengairanLebih banyak waktu dan tenaga kerja untuk penyianganPembuatan kompos

Hama-hama penting tanaman padi

Penggerek batang padi putih ("sundep", Scirpophaga innotata) Penggerek batang padi kuning (S. incertulas) Wereng batang punggung putih (Sogatella furcifera) Wereng coklat (Nilaparvata lugens) Wereng hijau (Nephotettix impicticeps) Lembing hijau (Nezara viridula) Walang sangit (Leptocorisa oratorius) Ganjur (Pachydiplosis oryzae) Lalat bibit (Arterigona exigua) Ulat tentara/Ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura dan S. exigua) Tikus sawah (Rattus argentiventer)

Penyakit-penyakit penting

Blas (Pyricularia oryzae, P. grisea) Hawar daun bakteri ("kresek", Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae)

Bercak coklat daun (Helmintosporium oryzae).Garis coklat daun (Cercospora oryzae)Busuk pelepah daun (Rhizoctonia sp)Penyakit fusarium (Fusarium moniliforme)Penyakit noda (Ustilaginoidea virens)Hawar daun (Xanthomonas campestris)Penyakit bakteri daun bergaris (Translucens)Penyakit kerdil (Nilaparvata lugens)Penyakit tungro (Nephotettix impicticeps)

PENGOLAHAN TANAH SAWAH SECARA TRADISIONALLahan sawah digarap untuk menanam padi.Musim tanam padi dalam setahun bisa dilakukan 3 kali tanam, hal ini dikarenakan pasokan air yang cukup untuk area pesawahan.

HUBUNGAN AIR-TANAH-TANAMAN

PEMBUATAN & PEMELIHARAAN PESEMAIAN

Cara pengolahan sawah hampir tak berubah dari abad ke abad. Peralatan yang dipakai hampir sama dengan peralatan yang dipakai nenek moyang mereka. Ada beberapa proses pengolahan sawah, seperti menyemai, membajak, meratakan dan menanam.

PENYIANGAN TANAMAN PADI MUDA

Apa tujuan penyiangan tanaman padi sawah ini?

PENGELOLAAN AIR PADA TANAH SAWAH

Produksi padi sawah akan menurun jika tanaman padi menderita cekaman air (water stress). Gejala umum akibat kekurangan air antara lain daun padi menggulung, daun terbakar (leaf scorching), anakan padi berkurang, tanaman kerdil, pembungaan tertunda, dan biji hampa. Tanaman padi membutuhkan air yang volumenya berbeda untuk setiap fase pertumbuhannya. Variasi kebutuhan air tergantung juga pada varietas padi dan sistem pengelolaan lahan sawah. Pengaturan air untuk sistem mina-padi berbeda dengan sistem sawah tanpa ikan. Ini berarti bahwa pengelolaan air di lahan sawah tidak hanya menyangkut sistem irigasi, tetapi juga sistem drainase pada saat tertentu dibutuhkan, baik untuk mengurangi kuantitas air maupun untuk mengganti air yang lama dengan air irigasi baru sehingga memberikan peluang terjadinya sirkulasi oksigen dan hara.

Di Indonesia, sawah sering dikategorikan menjadi tiga yaitu sawah beririgasi; sawah tadah hujan; dan sawah rawa (lebak dan pasang surut). Sistem pengelolaan air pada ketiga macam sawah tersebut sangat berbeda, karena perbedaan kondisi hidrologi dan kebutuhan air.

Teknik pengelolaan air lahan sawah yang diuraikan dalam bab ini selain didasarkan pada kebutuhan air untuk tanaman (baik padi maupun palawija) juga didasarkan pada sistem pengelolaan lahan sawah.

Hidrologi lahan sawah Pengetahuan tentang hidrologi lahan sawah sangat diperlukan dalam merancang strategi pengelolaan air. Karakteristik hidrologi lahan sawah sangat ditentukan oleh kondisi biofisik lahan. Hidrologi sawah beririgasi berbeda dengan sawah tadah hujan maupun sawah rawa. Oleh karena itu strategi pengelolaan air pada lahan sawah beririgasi akan berbeda dengan pada lahan sawah tadah hujan maupun sawah rawa.

Karakteristik hidrologi lahan sawah Lahan sawah Pluvial Sumber air berasal dari air hujan Kelebihan air hilang melalui perkolasi dan aliran permukaan Terdapat di daerah landai sampai lereng curam Air tanah dalam, drainase baik, tidak ada gejala jenuh air dalam profil tanah Padi ditanam sebagai padi gogo

Karakteristik hidrologi lahan sawahLahan sawah Phreatik Sumber air berasal dari air hujan dan air tanah Air tanah (phreatic) dangkal, paling tidak pada waktu musim tanam Kelebihan air hilang melalui aliran permukaan Tidak pernah tergenang lebih dari beberapa jam Dalam profil tanah ada gejala jenuh air (gley motting)Bila tanpa perataan (leveling) dan pembuatan pematang, akan lebih baik ditanami padi gogo Bila dengan perataan dan pembuatan pematang dapat dikembangkan untuk padi sawah

Karakteristik hidrologi lahan sawah Lahan sawah fluxial Sumber air seluruhnya atau sebagian berasal dari aliran permukaan, air sungai dan air hujan langsung Dalam keadaan alami tergenang air selama beberapa bulan yaitu selama padi ditanamTerdapat di daerah lembah, dataran aluvial sungai dan sebagainya Drainase permukaan dan drainase dalam (perkolasi) lambat sehingga genangan air mudah terjadi Padi ditanam sebagai padi sawah

IRIGASI

Irigasi merupakan upaya yang dilakukan manusia untuk mengairi lahan pertanian. Ada banyak model irigasi yang dapat dilakukan manusia.

Pada zaman dahulu, jika persediaan air melimpah karena tempat yang dekat dengan sungai atau sumber mata air, maka irigasi dilakukan dengan mengalirkan air tersebut ke lahan pertanian. Irigasi juga dilakukan dengan membawa air dengan menggunakan wadah kemudian menuangkan pada tanaman satu per satu. Untuk irigasi dengan model seperti ini di Indonesia biasa disebut menyiram.

Irigasi Permukaan

Irigasi Permukaan merupakan sistem irigasi yang menyadap air langsung di sungai melalui bangunan bendung maupun melalui bangunan pengambilan bebas (free intake) kemudian air irigasi dialirkan secara gravitasi melalui saluran sampai ke lahan pertanian.

Dalam irigasi dikenal saluran primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Pengaturan air ini dilakukan dengan pintu air.

Prosesnya adalah gravitasi, tanah yang tinggi akan mendapat air lebih dulu.

Bangunan irigasi untuk menyalurkan air irigasi ke swah intensif di Kab. Jember

Irigasi Lokal

Sistem ini air distribusikan dengan cara pipanisasi. Di sini juga berlaku gravitasi, di mana lahan yang tinggi mendapat air lebih dahulu. Namun air yang disebar hanya terbatas sekali atau secara lokal.

Irigasi dengan Penyemprotan(irigasi curah)Penyemprotan biasanya dipakai penyemprot air atau sprinkle. Air yang disemprot akan seperti kabut, sehingga tanaman mendapat air dari atas, daun akan basah lebih dahulu, kemudian diteruskan sampai ke akar.Full range of 40 mm to 140 mm Sprinkler Pipe Nozzle Materials - Brass and Plastic Different types of Nozzle available suitable for crops like sugarcane etc Uniform water distribution to every corner of field Creating Rainy atmosphere

Irigasi Tradisional dengan Ember

Di sini diperlukan tenaga kerja secara perorangan yang banyak sekali.

Di samping itu juga pemborosan tenaga kerja yang harus menenteng ember.

Irigasi Pompa Air

Air diambil dari sumur dalam dan dinaikkan melalui pompa air, kemudian dialirkan dengan berbagai cara, misalnya dengan pipa atau saluran. Pada musim kemarau irigasi ini dapat terus mengairi sawah.

Sistem irigasi dengan pompa untuk mendistribusikan air

Irigasi Pasang-Surut di Sumatera, Kalimantan, dan Papua

Dengan memanfaatkan pasang-surut air di wilayah Sumatera, Kalimantan, dan Papua dikenal apa yang dinamakan Irigasi Pasang-Surat (Tidal Irrigation).

Teknologi yang diterapkan di sini adalah: pemanfaatan lahan pertanian di dataran rendah dan daerah rawa-rawa, di mana air diperoleh dari sungai pasang-surut di mana pada waktu pasang air dimanfaatkan.

Di sini dalam dua minggu diperoleh 4 sampai 5 waktu pada air pasang.

Irigasi Tanah Kering atau Irigasi Tetes

Di lahan kering, air sangat langka dan pemanfaatannya harus efisien. Jumlah air irigasi yang diberikan ditetapkan berdasarkan kebutuhan tanaman, kemampuan tanah memegang air, serta sarana irigasi yang tersedia.Ada beberapa sistem irigasi untuk tanah kering, yaitu:(1) irigasi tetes (drip irrigation), (2) irigasi curah (sprinkler irrigation), (3) irigasi saluran terbuka (open ditch irrigation), dan (4) irigasi bawah permukaan (subsurface irrigation).

Untuk penggunaan air yang efisien, irigasi tetes [3] merupakan salah satu alternatif. Misal sistem irigasi tetes adalah pada tanaman cabai.

SISTEM TANAH-AIR-TANAMAN

PADI SAWAH

TRANSPOR AIR: Tanah Tanaman - AtmosfirAir bergerak dari tanah, melalui akar, batang, daun, memasuki atmosferLaju aliran air ini merupakan fungsiF (selisih potensial, resistensi)

Potential unit nameCorresponding valueWater height (cm)110100100015850pF (-)01234.2Bar (bar)0.0010.010.1115.85Pascal (Pa)100100010000100001585000Kilo Pascal (kPa)0.11101001585Mega Pascal (MPa)0.00010.0010.010.11.585

Potential air bernilai positif dalam kondisi free liquid water

Potential dalam sistem tanah-tanaman-atmosfir bernilai negatif(dalam tanah sawah tergenang, potential air positif)

Air bergerak dari potential tinggi (top of hill) menuju ke potential rendah (bottom of hill)

Tegangan adalah potential: air bergerak dari tegangan rendah menuju tegangan tinggi

Water potential in the flooded rice soilThe unsaturated soilpulls at the water andpotential is negative

When a paddy rice field falls dry, the soil water potential becomes negative and decreasesPositive water potential Negative water potential

Potential during the growing season in an aerobic soil(aerobic rice, Changping, China, 2002)

Each soil type has a specific relationship between the content and the potential of water: the pF curve

Tanah liat mampu menyimpan banyak air, tetapi dengan tegangan yang tinggi, sehingga akar tanaman sulit menyerapnya

Tanah berpasir menyimpan sedikit air , tetapi dengan tegangan rendah , sehingga akar tanaman mudah menyerapnya

A medium-textured, loamy soil, holds intermediate levels of water at intermediate tensions, so there is relatively much water for extraction by roots

Tidak ada masalah pada tanah sawah tergenang, tetapi menjadi masalah serius kalau tanah mengering selama periode kering

Example of potentials in soil-plant-atmosphere systemPotentials drop with each added resistance

Potential air di atmosphere (di atas tajuk daun) mendorong laju transpirasi potensial, yang merupakan fungsi dari: F (radiation, wind speed, vapor pressure, temperature).

Siang hari yang cerah dan panas => menarik dengan kuat air dari tubuh tanaman

Potential air dalam tanah dipengaruhi oleh sifat-sifat tanah dan kadar air tanah: Tanah liat mengikat kuat air Tanah pasir mengikat longgar air Banyak air tanah : Potensial tinggi Air sedikit : Potensial rendah

Tanah liat yang kering mengikat kuat air (Air tanah sulit diserap akartanaman)

When the soil is too dry (high soil water tension), it becomes too difficult for roots to take up water and water flow in the plant gets reduced:

Reduksi transpirasi Reduksi photosynthesis Reduksi luas daun Daun menggulung Percepatan kematian daun Gabah hampa

Dampak KEKERINGAN

Reduksi transpirasi sbg fungsi tegangan lengas tanah (IR72)

Hubungan antara transpirasi dan photosynthesis

Rolled leaves => less canopy photosynthesisLeaf rolling

Chart2

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0.48369.94637470650.0340.2

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0.10.620.08467.564696641

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0

Leaf rolling factor (-)

Soil water tension (kPa)

IR20 DS1992

IR20 WS1992

ir72 ds 1992

ir72 ws 1992

Line

F 3.11

F 3.11

0.0030.0030.0030.0030.0030.0030.0030.0030.00340.00290.00360.00320.0030.00240.0030.00280.0030000.0130.0130.0140.0140.0140.0140.0140.014000000000000.00450.0045

0.00240.00240.00240.00240.00240.00240.00240.00260.00250.00190.0020.00160.00280.00310.00270.00270.00220.0050.0050.0050.1890.1890.2020.2020.2020.2020.1950.1950.00310.00310.00310.00270.00270.00270.00270.00270.00270.00270.00270.00450.0045

0.00260.00260.00260.00260.00260.00240.00240.00240.00240.00240.00290.00260.00290.00230.00280.00280.00290.00290.00310.00330.00260.00260.00250.00250.00260.00260.00240.00240.00290.0040.00410.00270.00270.00270.00260.00270.00270.00270.00260.00330.0045

0.00210.00210.00210.00210.00210.00220.00220.00220.00220.00210.00170.00250.0020.00220.00160.00210.00240.00220.00220.00280.0020.0020.00220.00220.00240.00210.00230.00220.00240.00230.00220.00170.00220.00230.00220.00170.00220.00230.00220.00280.0045

0.00160.00170.00170.00210.00210.00220.00220.00230.00180.00230.00230.00230.00210.0020.00210.00220.0020.00130.00210.00210.00180.00180.00220.00220.00250.00220.00240.00220.00270.00290.00270.00150.00190.00140.00190.00150.00190.00140.00190.00240.0045

0.00150.00180.00180.00210.00210.00170.00170.00180.00190.00190.00220.0020.00190.00190.00180.00190.00190.00150.00190.00190.00150.00150.00210.00190.00160.00160.00180.00170.0020.00220.0020.00250.00180.00190.00190.00250.00180.00190.00190.00230.0045

0.00160.00260.00260.00120.0010.00130.00110.00180.00160.00130.00180.00220.00180.00180.00170.00170.00160.00160.00180.00170.00150.00190.00190.00210.00170.00190.00250.00190.00190.00220.00220.00160.0020.00190.0020.00160.00190.00190.00190.0044881755

0.00130.00160.00170.00140.00170.00160.00170.00180.00160.00150.00150.00190.00230.00210.00140.00170.00170.00190.00180.00230.00190.00190.0042244722

0.0020.00230.00220.0039940704

0.00170.00190.0020.0037927647

0.0036168806

0.003463208

0.0033289417

0.0032116312

0.0031091351

0.0030195826

0.0029413392

0.0028729766

0.0028132472

0.0027610607

0.0027154645

0.0026756263

0.0026408191

0.0026104075

0.0025838364

0.0025606208

0.0025403369

0.0025226146

0.0025071303

0.0024936015

0.0024817811

0.0024714534

0.00246243

0.0024545461

0.0024476578

0.0024416394

0.002436381

0.0024317866

0.0024277725

0.0024242653

0.002421201

0.0024185236

0.0024161844

0.0024141405

0.0024123548

0.0024107946

0.0024094314

0.0024082404

0.0024071997

0.0024062905

0.0024054961

0.0024048021

0.0024041956

0.0024036658

0.0024032029

0.0024027984

0.002402445

0.0024021362

0.0024018665

0.0024016308

0.0024014248

0.0024012449

0.0024010877

0.0024009503

0.0024008303

0.0024007255

0.0024006338

0.0024005538

Specific leaf area (m2 leaf kg-1 leaf)

Development stage (-)

MWDST0

MWDST1P

MWDST1M

MWDST2P

MWDST2M

MWDST3P

MWDST3M

MWDST4

MWDST5

MWDST6

MWDST7

MWDST8

MWDST9

MWDST910

MWDST911

MWDST912

MWDST913

IR72DS92N0

IR72DS92N1

IR72DS92N2

IR72DS93N10

IR72DS93N11

IR72DS93N20

IR72DS93N21

IR72DS93N30

IR72DS93N31

IR72DS93N40

IR72DS93N41

IR72WS91N0

IR72WS91N1

IR72WS91N2

IR72WS92N1

IR72WS92N2

IR72WS92N3

IR72WS92N4

IR72WS92N5

IR72WS92N6

IR72WS92N7

IR72WS92N8

Line

Function

F4.1

F4.1

0.840.960.850.921

0.720.820.680.661

0.520.580.380.640

0.340.4800.46

0.140.280.95600.0304631094

0.98622.89555139930.86633.1331375496

0.42666.14291069570.70.38

0.220.20.560.14

0.080.060.520.08

0.440.060.140.02

0.320.040.650

0.10.020.2120.92

0.93400.050.7

0.040.9200.6

00.840.8660.46

0.850.780.666602.336441212

0.050.640.366640.4608116776

0.96347.59129644220.0660.42

0.48369.94637470650.0340.2

0.260.620.920.1

00.320.8380.06

0.480.140.180

0.240.040.040.98

0.0600.850.86

00.880.750.74

0.40.860.2840.52

0.10.620.08467.564696641

0.04517.2433573928510.9333338756

0.96560.0942054610.3

0.340.18

0.120.1

00.04

00.92

0.980.84

0.840.7

0.76545.3384841772

0.62608.3346525768

499.20904031640.44

544.20661596260.22

0.420.08

0.20.02

0.040

00.76

0.80.5

0.58396.6604211857

0.540.28

0.40.1

0.140.08

0.060.04

0.040

0.020.88

0.920.64

359.6948270376369.9463747065

0.820.36

0.660.2

0.660.18

0.60.14

0.380.08

0.140.04

0.020

00.94

0.98284.4706636621

0.940.66

0.820.32

0.780.08

0.580.04

0.30

0.140.9

0.060.6

0.980.32

0.960.26

0.940.08

175.9472506190

0.90.92

0.853.9931670218

0.7286.3988943709

0.620.62

0.36192.0521353306

0.120.42

0.080.34

0.060.24

0.020

0.98

0.9

0.8

0.6

355.1156624029

417.9920111806

482.1925334916

0



IR20 DS1992

IR20 WS1992

ir72 ds 1992

ir72 ws 1992

Line

F4.2

F4.2

171817170

2014232325

13181313

18111717

8131010

13111212

131016

12

Delay in flowering (d)

Number of days (d)

IR20 DS

IR20 WS

IR72 DS

IR72 WS

Line

F4.3

F4.3

0.980.990.980.9791

0.950.980.680.9771

0.450.970.610.9710

0.30.940.45600.0304631094

0.25622.89555139930.1633.1331375496

0666.14291069570.930.951

0.970.90.870.948

0.920.890.950.942

0.810.8700.9

0.020.850.810.897

0.680.80.870.897

0.850.770.650.979

0.8540.590.977

0.7670.990.40.971

0.70.980.02602.336441212

0.350.960.95640.4608116776

0.72347.59129644220.950.951

0.1369.94637470650.880.948

00.940.950.942

0.8840.920.950.9

0.8750.890.840.897

0.7940.890.80.91

0.7060.840.730.86

0.9040.820.450.825

0.887538.49634535910.251199.6800997684

0.80.7600.612

0.670.690.5

0.660.670.175

0.20.590.1

00.650.05

0.80.650

0.52616.95094237070.979

0.420.550.977

0.320.4750.971

0.250.375467.564696641

0.225510.9333338756

0.1750.951

0.10.948

0.0750.942

0.050.9

0.9730.98

0.9620.979

0.9370.963

517.2433573928545.3384841772

560.094205461608.3346525768

0.8750.942

0.8290.936

0.7830.895

0.7750.886

0.980.845

0.950.791

0.941051.1469198443

0.930.668

499.20904031640.575

544.20661596260.475

0.870.35

0.841257.9987555881

0.790.225

0.780.175

774.37547123250.025

0.610.025

858.8735708050

0.430.99

0.1250.98

0.125396.6604211857

0.0250.95

0.0250.93

00.9

0.9790.87

187.70513954050.84

234.47406978570.84

0.9170.979

0.8870.946

0.850.929

0.8120.908

0.7790.9

0.7580.879

0.70.825

0.6170.692

0.946714.5023732213

282.07308632310.421

359.69482703760.233

0.9330.7

0.9120.7

0.8870.6

0.8581040.9489100407

0.8250.325

0.80.225

0.7620.075

0.6920.05

0.5920.05

0.4670

0.70.994

0.7284.4706636621

0.5250.959

910.61181819490.916

0.40.872

0.30.853

0.10.769

0.050.975

00.933

0.9940.904

0.9870.892

0.9590.85

0.9470.796

0.8940.717

0.8660.6

0.8190.5

0.7530.925

0.979465.3840248305

0.9580.85

0.9040.75

0.8750.35

0.8330.2

0.7670.075

0.6920

0.60.95

0.508192.0521353306

0.4170.9

0.950.887

369.00157217350.869

0.840.837

0.75442.5877536403

0.5478.7944314364

0.425517.9630608597

0.350.45

0.250.95

0.20.9

0.9540.887

0.9250.887

0.90.85

0.8560.475

355.1156624029578.5592347266

417.9920111806602.914319114

482.19253349160

0.387

0.2

0

0.89

0.84

0.775

0.725

0.425

0.42

0.375

0

Drought-induced leaf death factor (-)

IR20DS1992

IR20WS1992

IR72 DS1992

IR72 WS1992

Line

F4.4

F4.4

0.82554596771.04314888010.87106017190.8772935781

0.72596553850.92543859650.65958316310.78185933150.9908292571

0.68337483930.87104430380.65376344090.68401611820.9831880842

0.7989759630.85245901640.66427432220.84210526320.9755488745

0.73652693140.85245901640.64835047270.84210526320.9679125193

0.76208723120.85245901640.6926572580.84122678910.9602799084

0.67831194970.79718640090.65613932550.75410628020.9526519299

0.74414853230.69782299030.73232542760.62784863060.9450294698

0.80943941430.60077091360.7891900960.56993128580.9374134115

0.72450559090.65223203150.73797519310.60741608680.9298046354

0.67662506380.64328227670.77295629690.71919240070.9222040184

0.71281925410.62025572820.68389881370.56387159870.9146124339

0.66456316470.66966809520.71909817530.60242271150.9070307508

0.52945338310.54002558930.60235487480.43946098110.8994598338

0.54423340880.45538806140.68526752360.34539950650.8919005422

0.61686246450.49242067780.78647924340.36786301840.8843537303

0.65862629660.21786435990.44106644430.36069834320.8768202465

0.58034496570.46385886330.51390848960.26878830340.8693009332

0.69203303490.49893844520.63960040820.29609663370.8617966262

0.57283586370.54290634110.5837303530.31861550180.8543081545

0.68422293910.59299089830.67430543140.34452872910.8468363401

0.82554596770.36812624050.85959885390.25141003090.8393819971

0.65884728530.36740325990.6930935840.32418547330.8319459321

0.65389592470.46820199620.66752688170.31158692850.8245289434

0.77658919690.52706664770.67145135570.34503002070.8171318205

0.7126580030.79666227490.63609488510.86773700310.8097553443

0.75279348450.69956140350.67805932010.77089136490.8024002866

0.66938679240.67958860760.61461389850.89254533240.7950674095

0.73435710430.70491803280.68597837160.73684210530.7877574655

0.79878889570.70491803280.73924421640.73684210530.780471197

0.76748321220.70491803280.67489305070.73607344040.7732093362

0.70183667240.67213755370.79842191130.75942028990.7659726045

0.71169922380.59922348890.55455273380.63014844240.7587617127

0.62933214730.54163654410.60647339170.56993128580.7515773604

0.57527050130.6532339240.51354956450.63286693430.7444202358

0.59132954070.69249094870.57477557250.81682151910.7372910157

0.66987889750.67973230490.64579402290.66160934250.7301903652

0.59771435040.72396550830.34936536380.70684264820.7231189372

0.62954464690.60063147630.3866590470.50794251680.7160773726

0.74958729440.51478650420.45163890220.42799504070.7090662999

0.63414212690.55664946190.55507474380.45583026190.7020863352

0.74089595030.57734960890.67851312670.39429460650.6951380817

0.67026010110.43072608740.46274672260.30718663250.6882221298

0.68572711550.46329998480.45161160230.33839615280.6813390571

0.5060720760.50412731680.33375420540.3641320020.6744894279

0.95005693670.55063440550.83273789670.3937471190.6676737934

0.77884882810.43737771150.81845642770.30169203710.6608926912

0.75763194150.44283041920.57056214480.36172273860.6541466456

0.52984792960.49374028690.62064585280.31158692850.6474361674

0.53777948370.55581573760.43955944070.34503002070.6407617537

0.60792202620.44397788650.50487048180.27465621420.6341238879

0.69533023140.48235762780.58953173470.31151052370.6275230395

0.44342035420.32691278860.45360860130.42840148850.6209596644

0.46982744560.36105953660.29363125340.2687675370.6144342046

0.58075409080.61140336720.39989355040.41904671340.6079470879

0.49909843961.06360909770.66824207420.50473436650.6014987286

0.69439018540.86509715990.89717594820.80821256040.5950895269

0.69723606971.05423507730.94784476010.89284967590.5887198689

0.68470565941.03326094560.73662127640.80754098360.582390127

0.5703529771.09663637080.83327452460.89180050720.5761006595

0.45699034081.16799937550.6390400620.90334033710.5698518111

0.51661197620.8555650760.73399052340.89487645860.5636439122

0.59091585980.71897941820.85707269910.93898544830.5574772798

0.46762273280.77377327960.44570791090.77189309680.5513522168

0.48433499740.65165840040.4889859240.62371515290.5452690127

0.59875976530.45216517760.66594517770.66350589580.5392279429

0.4766441130.4834713490.67777326060.57689129020.5332292697

0.44972768060.52264870120.59172142730.39739402930.5272732416

0.44891350840.56674245870.81508670870.43736993530.5213600938

0.46129928410.37955831350.83961524840.47026583690.5154900481

0.94356593650.43077259181.04657167450.50819982190.5096633133

0.86147623861.06173456640.92241379310.3629994380.5038800847

0.7743470050.86846038860.95258620690.32208527570.498140545

0.71283967391.04357564760.90455978660.80064412240.4924448637

0.71283967391.02903629350.90455978660.9320510140.4867931979

0.71283967391.11145578120.92498904040.87606557380.4811856917

0.566157021.18378315080.56475264230.96759650610.475622477

0.58488740270.85253115730.48133969871.07274044250.4701036733

0.58733204450.75945705450.51458853341.07385175030.4646293877

0.37194417530.81630040670.31733462851.12678253790.4591997156

0.37890529750.70509112950.28344111370.97433077160.4538147402

0.27092731770.48760806670.23266131070.67390563320.4484745333

0.30170663050.52035843570.2870501640.71613016110.4431791549

0.23246148920.56125572750.91804532850.68841668380.4379286536

0.25243114140.60699518010.77298850570.47130042220.4327230669

0.94356593650.40839370040.87471264370.51801623170.4275624212

0.86804853390.42098253160.85681946810.55616242950.4224467322

0.77682357550.39737830610.85681946810.60005461690.4173760046

0.69467670010.43922257010.87617051890.38917910810.4123502328

0.69467670010.40267475680.57999111430.37013334420.407369401

0.69467670010.45261190320.53933114950.30899641970.402433483

0.54573990331.13580246910.54473657320.34155884010.3975424429

0.56548355531.13580246910.37132915370.27296685570.392696235

0.56784709520.83579881660.34103557980.31001063470.387894804

0.377943274910.2496295731.17857142860.3831380852

0.388359765410.25888407221.20.378426005

0.26272651081.12177436550.18178519450.89362957140.3737584806

0.26977872460.9747023810.12284796170.94472361810.3691354205

0.18305083320.9747023810.11228188760.94365666960.3645567248

0.14816400980.968750.12887835251.06578276390.360022285

0.12824285510.9747023810.91818181820.96891191710.3555319846

0.08771512580.88485767620.81677045870.96891191710.3510856992

0.07986000560.98794326240.81677045870.96891191710.3466832964

0.08572396270.89310852270.81677045870.96891191710.3423246365

0.09350546840.94356843730.69459741850.88412867080.3380095724

0.84507042250.65058362520.64353304040.79655602290.3337379497

0.73382616490.69196638070.62736753750.6754289710.3295096073

0.73382616490.40923943840.68012179950.71658547460.325324377

0.73382616490.50050989460.37148797830.41615324340.3211820843

0.77802690230.26172810750.38755266370.44965015590.3170825483

0.72122414620.46042468420.40946078850.4392441960.3130255818

0.63277435250.50675423650.16883865870.36827969270.3090109919

0.57696561340.53737759310.90909090910.49655841370.3050385795

0.51998257850.68457869680.79829254750.41598100280.3011081403

0.41359383961.13580246910.79829254750.59168389260.2972194643

0.29376092951.13014403290.79829254751.15476190480.2933723366

0.22945719270.82991958730.58461949391.16969696970.2895665369

0.24876986591.01136363640.65344574890.8356272120.2858018404

0.17577364931.01089015150.66790012590.94472361810.2820780173

0.82253521131.07627781330.58938077370.94407495710.2783948336

0.72150537630.98214285710.38742241381.01110544510.2747520509

0.72150537630.98214285710.40346080870.9326424870.2711494265

0.72150537630.98214285710.42510910340.9326424870.267586714

0.80688110890.98214285710.15918754460.9326424870.2640636631

0.74421687270.81583449990.21488752760.93221070810.2605800198

0.65868281811.14042553190.12837792910.85490726430.2571355268

0.56173168310.91260525720.84691370950.2537299234

0.44854156520.60731620090.73238115360.2503629457

0.35228087770.68544537740.77733314660.247034327

0.25258160180.3438040630.46369946260.2437437978

0.17176148780.35963113270.49967812020.2404910857

0.15010226080.25362004650.49011911450.237275916

0.13151876570.37063097440.43326437020.2340980116

0.11140652470.62072810250.50671947450.230957093

0.10700139040.49455462670.44000716590.227852879

0.93036765950.58053029140.45765604960.2247850861

1.03555575930.57383802530.31830748330.2217534292

0.83317541540.51770829460.34152255440.2187576214

0.87375846410.41396767950.1809128140.2157973744

0.74769437061.00354609930.25102688210.2128723985

0.3811106511.12249443210.28538633370.2099824025

0.3963598551.12249443210.95223145290.2071270944

0.19537797680.95961995251.00202670480.2043061808

0.17094522880.95961995251.02310231020.2015193677

0.08477697870.71189458691.02389887830.19876636

0.08214692431.01881188120.80412371130.1960468622

0.04363621921.17965023850.80652099110.193360578

0.96576032230.92897358160.1907072107

0.80345394740.86890729210.1880864633

0.93117077520.97273216790.1854980385

0.94359236930.70027130640.1829416387

0.88781902490.66975024060.1804169663

0.73290805070.69762746210.1779237239

0.77538441860.72684167240.1754616139

0.47366326690.62444649760.1730303392

0.53156281680.45432775660.1706296028

0.58160310970.48873529360.168259108

0.65214884230.50171928980.1659185588

0.39758999450.28160502280.1636076595

0.4535579220.32743134130.1613261151

1.22494432070.94764296750.1590736313

0.96437054630.87744396760.1568499145

0.96437054630.87788778880.154654672

0.85944919280.87869789950.1524876117

0.98679867990.73883161510.1503484429

1.24854266030.73951881170.1482368755

1.05001678420.84827486650.1461526207

0.79934210530.79088732620.1440953908

0.90877147820.81026149040.1420648991

0.92089427110.60165557470.1400608604

0.7589537860.71097276580.1380829907

0.64889882750.67044717140.1361310072

0.68091979780.67354866330.1342046285

0.37137130270.59719043220.1323035749

0.37358859670.43921549280.1304275679

0.39921731120.47297474230.1285763306

0.43245600250.44445415530.1267495877

0.23550330380.31586612850.1249470653

0.26438214010.38564135760.1231684913

0.26411473050.39960797150.1214135954

0.25704542150.22325753730.1196821086

1.0300196850.2830033410.117973764

0.9990157480.1621351940.1162882962

1.10849349040.89852941180.1146254418

1.16360655740.99117647060.112984939

1.07703488371.04166666670.111366528

0.99705282270.91208932240.1097699508

0.76602087080.90994557150.1081949513

0.67942474630.97258741260.1066412752

0.67973793930.87171585680.1051086703

0.72664967590.57484294470.1035968862

0.63221359160.55376307730.1021056744

0.69473321540.57180354840.1006347887

0.49008645580.56635586680.0991839845

0.4754954120.41561213910.0977530194

0.51602137780.39184974320.0963416531

0.40882086950.1985601850.094949647

0.22017220.0935767648

0.25419279110.0922227723

0.31546180830.0908874371

0.0895705291

0.0882718201

0.086991084

0.0857280968

0.0844826366

0.0832544835

0.0820434198

0.0808492298

0.0796716999

0.0785106186

0.0773657763

0.0762369658

0.0751239817

0.0740266209

0.0729446821

0.0718779663

0.0708262764

0.0697894175

0.0687671965

0.0677594226

0.066765907

0.0657864626

0.0648209048

0.0638690507

0.0629307194

0.0620057321

0.061093912

0.060195084

0.0593090753

0.0584357149

0.0575748337

0.0567262645

0.0558898421

0.0550654033

0.0542527864

0.053451832

0.0526623824

0.0518842817

0.0511173758

0.0503615125

0.0496165416

0.0488823143

0.0481586838

0.0474455051

0.0467426349

0.0460499317

0.0453672555

0.0446944683

0.0440314337

0.0433780168

0.0427340847

0.0420995058

0.0414741504

0.0408578904

0.0402505991

0.0396521516

0.0390624244

0.0384812959

0.0379086456

0.0373443548

0.0367883063

0.0362403843

0.0357004747

0.0351684646

0.0346442427

0.0341276991

0.0336187254

0.0331172146

0.032623061

0.0321361604

0.0316564098

0.0311837079

0.0307179542

0.0302590501

0.0298068979

0.0293614013

0.0289224654

0.0284899965

0.0280639022

0.0276440911

0.0272304732

0.0268229599

0.0264214635

0.0260258975

0.0256361768

0.0252522173

0.0248739359

0.024501251

0.0241340817

0.0237723486

0.023415973

0.0230648775

0.0227189858

0.0223782226

0.0220425135

0.0217117852

0.0213859656

0.0210649834

0.0207487683

0.020437251

0.0201303632

0.0198280375

0.0195302074

0.0192368075

0.0189477731

0.0186630406

0.0183825471

0.0181062307

0.0178340304

0.0175658859

0.0173017379

0.017041528

0.0167851983

0.0165326921

0.0162839532

0.0160389264

0.0157975572

0.0155597919

0.0153255774

0.0150948617

0.0148675932

0.0146437213

0.0144231958

0.0142059676

0.013991988

0.0137812091

0.0135735838

0.0133690654

0.0131676082

0.0129691669

0.0127736969

0.0125811544

0.0123914961

0.0122046793

0.0120206619

0.0118394025

0.0116608604

0.0114849951

0.0113117671

0.0111411373

0.010973067

0.0108075185

0.0106444541

0.0104838372

0.0103256312

0.0101698004

0.0100163096

0.0098651238

0.0097162089

0.0095695311

0.0094250571

0.0092827541

0.0091425897

0.0090045322

0.0088685501

0.0087346126

0.0086026891

0.0084727496

0.0083447646

0.0082187049

0.0080945417

0.0079722469

0.0078517924

0.0077331508

0.0076162951

0.0075011985

0.0073878348

0.0072761781

0.0071662028

0.0070578839

0.0069511965

0.0068461163

0.0067426192

0.0066406815

0.0065402799

0.0064413914

0.0063439933

0.0062480633

0.0061535794

0.00606052

0.0059688636

0.0058785894

0.0057896765

0.0057021046

0.0056158535

0.0055309035

0.0054472349

0.0053648287

0.0052836658

0.0052037275

0.0051249956

0.0050474519

0.0049710785

0.0048958579

0.0048217728

0.0047488061

0.0046769409

0.0046061609

0.0045364495

0.0044677908

0.004400169

0.0043335684

0.0042679738

0.0042033699

0.0041397419

0.0040770751

0.004015355

0.0039545674

0.0038946983

0.0038357338

0.0037776603

0.0037204644

0.0036641329

0.0036086528

0.0035540112

0.0035001955

0.0034471933

0.0033949924

0.0033435806

0.0032929461

0.0032430771

0.0031939622

0.0031455899

0.003097949

0.0030510286

0.0030048178

0.0029593058

0.0029144822

0.0028703365

0.0028268585

0.0027840382

0.0027418657

0.0027003311

0.0026594248

0.0026191374

0.0025794595

0.002540382

0.0025018957

0.0024639918

0.0024266614

0.0023898959

0.0023536867

0.0023180256

0.0022829041

0.0022483142

0.0022142477

0.0021806969

0.0021476539

0.0021151111

0.0020830609

0.0020514958

0.0020204086

0.0019897919

0.0019596388

0.0019299421

0.0019006951

0.0018718909

0.0018435227

0.0018155841

0.0017880686

0.0017609696

0.001734281

0.0017079966

0.0016821102

0.0016566157

0.0016315074

0.0016067793

0.0015824257

0.001558441

0.0015348195

0.0015115557

0.0014886443

0.00146608

0.0014438574

0.0014219714

0.0014004169

0.001379189

0.0013582826

0.0013376929

0.0013174151

0.0012974445

0.0012777764

0.0012584063

0.0012393296

0.001220542

0.001202039

0.0011838163

0.0011658697

0.0011481951

0.0011307882

0.0011136451

0.0010967617

0.0010801342

0.0010637586

0.0010476311

0.001031748

0.0010161056

0.0010007002

0.0009855283

0.0009705863

Relative transpiration (-)


IR20 DS1992

IR20 WS1992

ir72 ds1992

ir72 ws1992

fit def

F5.1

F5.1

000000000000000.0130.0130.0140.0140.0140.0140.0140.0140.0410.0410.0410.0410.0410.0410.0410.0410.0410.0410.0410.0420.0420.0410.0390.040.040.0530.04

0.030.030.030.0290.0290.0290.0290.0290.0290.0290.0290.0270.0270.0270.0210.0210.0210.0210.0210.0210.0210.0210.0410.0410.0410.0410.0410.0410.0410.040.0450.0420.0440.0450.0440.040.0420.0450.0450.0530.04

0.0410.0470.0430.0440.050.050.0470.0440.050.050.0470.050.0520.0510.0480.0480.0520.0520.0520.0520.0490.0490.030.030.030.030.030.0290.0290.0360.0350.0350.0380.0420.0360.0260.0330.0310.0390.040.023

0.0390.040.040.0250.030.0280.0280.0250.030.0280.0280.0240.0350.0340.0250.0250.0380.0370.0370.0360.0340.0350.0240.0240.0240.0240.0240.0340.0340.0360.0360.0330.0350.0390.0340.0260.0320.0330.0370.02750.015

0.0370.0420.0390.0220.0230.0230.0270.0220.0230.0230.0270.020.0320.0330.0220.0210.0370.0340.0290.0290.0360.0350.0160.0160.0160.0250.0250.0280.0280.0260.0240.0220.0210.0220.0250.0160.0190.020.0270.0220.01

0.0230.0290.0270.0180.0210.020.0220.0180.0210.020.0220.0170.0260.0250.0180.0270.0270.030.0220.0260.0240.030.0150.0220.0220.0260.0260.0260.0260.0260.0250.0240.0210.0220.0250.0160.0190.0190.025

0.0170.020.0210.0170.0180.0190.020.0150.0160.0160.0170.0130.020.0230.0150.0210.0230.0250.0190.0230.0210.0250.0110.020.020.0180.0120.0140.0170.010.0140.0150.0170.0160.0170.0150.0120.020.023

0.0170.020.0210.0150.0140.0150.0150.0130.0140.0140.0130.010.0120.0140.0120.0160.0170.0190.0130.0170.0140.017

0.0140.0160.019

0.010.0110.013

Fraction N in leaves (kg N kg-1 dry matter)


seedbed

NMAXL

NMINL

IR72WS91N0

IR72WS91N1

IR72WS91N2

IR72WS92N1

IR72WS92N2

IR72WS92N3

IR72WS92N4

IR72WS92N5

IR72WS92N6

IR72WS92N7

IR72WS92N8

IR72DS92N0

IR72DS92N1

IR72DS92N2

IR72DS93N10

IR72DS93N11

IR72DS93N20

IR72DS93N21

IR72DS93N30

IR72DS93N31

IR72DS93N40

IR72DS93N41

MWDST0

MWDST1P

MWDST1M

MWDST2P

MWDST2M

MWDST3P

MWDST3M

MWDST4

MWDST5

MWDST6

MWDST7

MWDST8

MWDST9

MWDST10

MWDST11

MWDST12

MWDST13

Nmax

Nmin

F7.1

F7.1

0.610.59610.49910.57910.51810.55310.51210.52710.61910.610.42910.610.54510.610.54510.52910.61

0.610.40510.55610.53810.5210.42910.46110.47610.49310.610.60610.610.56410.610.57910.62510.61

0.310.31610.44510.52710.45510.3310.35810.45210.47910.310.36410.310.45810.310.5410.59510.31

00.40.1480.6870.20.7310.1240.6910.1280.6210.0690.6090.0980.6360.1020.6450.1830.62800.40.326100.40.361100.40.42910.545100.4

0000-0.0610.323-0.0130.040.043-0.024000.016-0.0120.0590.208000.2380.951000.1650.649000.340.5280.451100

000.59610000000.512100000000000000000.268100

0.40510.57910.51810.55310.46110.52710.61910.42910.5451000.1080.486

0.0780.31610.53810.5210.42910.35810.47610.49310.0780.60610.0780.5710.0710000

0.2510.1480.6870.52710.45510.3310.0980.6360.45210.47910.2510.39910.2510.54310.2490.54510.5291

0.504000.1240.6910.1280.6210.0690.6090.016-0.0120.1020.6450.1830.6280.5040.34410.5040.43210.5080.58310.5361

0.7310.5961-0.0130.040.043-0.02400000.0590.2080.7310.2360.9730.7310.1510.5530.730.47510.661

0.9060.405100000.51210.5271000.906000.906000.9050.56610.5281

0.31610.51810.55310.46110.47610.61910.42910.54511.2680.330.6450.5161

0.0780.2490.6770.5210.42910.35810.45210.49310.0780.60710.0780.5591000.3071

0.250.1710.4770.45510.3310.0980.6360.1020.6450.47910.250.48610.250.54810.071000.020.128

0.503000.1280.6210.0690.6090.016-0.0120.0590.2080.1830.6280.5030.52610.5030.46510.2490.545100

0.730.59610.043-0.0240000000.730.2710.9240.730.1520.6140.5080.577100

0.9050.4051000.51210.52710.61910.905000.9050.730.499100

0.31610.55310.46110.47610.49310.42910.9050.57610.5291

0.1010.2490.6770.42910.35810.45210.47910.1010.60711.2680.350.60.7651

0.2870.1710.4770.3310.0980.6360.1020.6450.1830.6280.2870.531000.5761

0.522000.0690.6090.016-0.0120.0590.2080.5220.47110.071000.5281

0.7210.59610000000.7210.3280.940.2490.54510.4961

0.8960.39710.51210.52710.61910.896000.5080.55210.2941

0.47310.46110.47610.49310.42910.730.48510.2010.515

0.1080.3170.7550.35810.45210.47910.1080.59310.9050.6191

0.308000.0980.6360.1020.6450.1830.6280.3080.49911.2680.3690.598

0.5360.50810.016-0.0120.0590.2080.5360.34100

0.7260.507100000.7260.340.9630.06900

0.9010.41910.52710.61910.901000.2410.5451

0.2160.6390.47610.49310.42910.5030.5791

0.1080.0980.1630.45210.47910.1080.59310.7350.541

0.308000.1020.6450.1830.6280.3080.55510.910.4291

0.5360.65810.0590.2080.5360.33611.3010.340.528

0.7260.5021000.7260.3150.96900

0.9010.42110.61910.901000.07100

0.290.6930.49310.42910.2490.5451

0.108000.47910.1080.60810.5080.5831

0.3080.55810.1830.6280.3080.44210.730.4751

0.5360.50510.5360.46410.9050.5661

0.7260.4310.7260.3150.9541.2680.330.645

0.9010.20.6660.9010000

000.42910.07100

0.1080.49910.1080.60810.2490.5451

0.3080.55610.3080.51310.5080.5771

0.5360.44510.5360.43710.730.4991

0.7260.20.7310.7260.3220.9650.9050.5761

0.901-0.0610.3230.9011.2680.350.6

0000

0.1050.57910.1050.07100

0.2970.53810.2970.2490.5451

0.5290.52710.5290.5080.5521

0.7190.1240.6910.7190.730.4851

0.894-0.0130.040.8940.9050.6191

001.2680.3690.598

0.1050.51810.10500

0.2970.5210.297

0.5290.45510.529

0.7190.1280.6210.719

0.8940.043-0.0240.894

00

0.3890.5531

0.5610.4291

0.730.331

0.8910.0690.609

00

0.3890.5121

0.5610.4611

0.7270.3581

0.8830.0980.636

1.0690.016-0.012

00

0.3890.5271

0.5610.4761

0.7270.4521

0.8830.1020.645

1.0690.0590.208

00

0.3890.6191

0.5610.4931

0.7220.4791

0.8680.1830.628

DVS

Partitioning factor (-)

leaves

stems

storage organs(panicles)

FSH

FST+FLV

MWDST1P

MWDST1P

MWDST7

MWDST7

MWDST8

MWDST8

MWDST9

MWDST9

MWDST10

MWDST10

MWDST11

MWDST11

MWDST12

MWDST12

MWDST13

MWDST13

FSH

FST+FLV

IR72DS93N10

IR72DS93N10

FSH

FST+FLV

IR72DS92N0

IR72DS92N0

FSH

FST+FLV

IR72WS92N1

IR72WS92N1

IR72WS91N0

IR72WS91N0

FSH

FST+FLV

Sterilitas GabahTurner (1986): relationship between leaf rolling increased canopy temperatureSpikelet sterilityLess grainsLess yield

Mempercepat kematian daunDaun mati => fotosintesis berkurang

Chart3

0.980.990.980.9791

0.950.980.680.9771

0.450.970.610.9710

0.30.940.45600.0304631094

0.25622.89555139930.1633.1331375496

0666.14291069570.930.951

0.970.90.870.948

0.920.890.950.942

0.810.8700.9

0.020.850.810.897

0.680.80.870.897

0.850.770.650.979

0.8540.590.977

0.7670.990.40.971

0.70.980.02602.336441212

0.350.960.95640.4608116776

0.72347.59129644220.950.951

0.1369.94637470650.880.948

00.940.950.942

0.8840.920.950.9

0.8750.890.840.897

0.7940.890.80.91

0.7060.840.730.86

0.9040.820.450.825

0.887538.49634535910.251199.6800997684

0.80.7600.612

0.670.690.5

0.660.670.175

0.20.590.1

00.650.05

0.80.650

0.52616.95094237070.979

0.420.550.977

0.320.4750.971

0.250.375467.564696641

0.225510.9333338756

0.1750.951

0.10.948

0.0750.942

0.050.9

0.9730.98

0.9620.979

0.9370.963

517.2433573928545.3384841772

560.094205461608.3346525768

0.8750.942

0.8290.936

0.7830.895

0.7750.886

0.980.845

0.950.791

0.941051.1469198443

0.930.668

499.20904031640.575

544.20661596260.475

0.870.35

0.841257.9987555881

0.790.225

0.780.175

774.37547123250.025

0.610.025

858.8735708050

0.430.99

0.1250.98

0.125396.6604211857

0.0250.95

0.0250.93

00.9

0.9790.87

187.70513954050.84

234.47406978570.84

0.9170.979

0.8870.946

0.850.929

0.8120.908

0.7790.9

0.7580.879

0.70.825

0.6170.692

0.946714.5023732213

282.07308632310.421

359.69482703760.233

0.9330.7

0.9120.7

0.8870.6

0.8581040.9489100407

0.8250.325

0.80.225

0.7620.075

0.6920.05

0.5920.05

0.4670

0.70.994

0.7284.4706636621

0.5250.959

910.61181819490.916

0.40.872

0.30.853

0.10.769

0.050.975

00.933

0.9940.904

0.9870.892

0.9590.85

0.9470.796

0.8940.717

0.8660.6

0.8190.5

0.7530.925

0.979465.3840248305

0.9580.85

0.9040.75

0.8750.35

0.8330.2

0.7670.075

0.6920

0.60.95

0.508192.0521353306

0.4170.9

0.950.887

369.00157217350.869

0.840.837

0.75442.5877536403

0.5478.7944314364

0.425517.9630608597

0.350.45

0.250.95

0.20.9

0.9540.887

0.9250.887

0.90.85

0.8560.475

355.1156624029578.5592347266

417.9920111806602.914319114

482.19253349160

0.387

0.2

0

0.89

0.84

0.775

0.725

0.425

0.42

0.375

0

Drought-induced leaf death factor factor (-)


IR20DS1992

IR20WS1992

IR72 DS1992

IR72 WS1992

Line

F 3.11

F 3.11

0.0030.0030.0030.0030.0030.0030.0030.0030.00340.00290.00360.00320.0030.00240.0030.00280.0030000.0130.0130.0140.0140.0140.0140.0140.014000000000000.00450.0045

0.00240.00240.00240.00240.00240.00240.00240.00260.00250.00190.0020.00160.00280.00310.00270.00270.00220.0050.0050.0050.1890.1890.2020.2020.2020.2020.1950.1950.00310.00310.00310.00270.00270.00270.00270.00270.00270.00270.00270.00450.0045

0.00260.00260.00260.00260.00260.00240.00240.00240.00240.00240.00290.00260.00290.00230.00280.00280.00290.00290.00310.00330.00260.00260.00250.00250.00260.00260.00240.00240.00290.0040.00410.00270.00270.00270.00260.00270.00270.00270.00260.00330.0045

0.00210.00210.00210.00210.00210.00220.00220.00220.00220.00210.00170.00250.0020.00220.00160.00210.00240.00220.00220.00280.0020.0020.00220.00220.00240.00210.00230.00220.00240.00230.00220.00170.00220.00230.00220.00170.00220.00230.00220.00280.0045

0.00160.00170.00170.00210.00210.00220.00220.00230.00180.00230.00230.00230.00210.0020.00210.00220.0020.00130.00210.00210.00180.00180.00220.00220.00250.00220.00240.00220.00270.00290.00270.00150.00190.00140.00190.00150.00190.00140.00190.00240.0045

0.00150.00180.00180.00210.00210.00170.00170.00180.00190.00190.00220.0020.00190.00190.00180.00190.00190.00150.00190.00190.00150.00150.00210.00190.00160.00160.00180.00170.0020.00220.0020.00250.00180.00190.00190.00250.00180.00190.00190.00230.0045

0.00160.00260.00260.00120.0010.00130.00110.00180.00160.00130.00180.00220.00180.00180.00170.00170.00160.00160.00180.00170.00150.00190.00190.00210.00170.00190.00250.00190.00190.00220.00220.00160.0020.00190.0020.00160.00190.00190.00190.0044881755

0.00130.00160.00170.00140.00170.00160.00170.00180.00160.00150.00150.00190.00230.00210.00140.00170.00170.00190.00180.00230.00190.00190.0042244722

0.0020.00230.00220.0039940704

0.00170.00190.0020.0037927647

0.0036168806

0.003463208

0.0033289417

0.0032116312

0.0031091351

0.0030195826

0.0029413392

0.0028729766

0.0028132472

0.0027610607

0.0027154645

0.0026756263

0.0026408191

0.0026104075

0.0025838364

0.0025606208

0.0025403369

0.0025226146

0.0025071303

0.0024936015

0.0024817811

0.0024714534

0.00246243

0.0024545461

0.0024476578

0.0024416394

0.002436381

0.0024317866

0.0024277725

0.0024242653

0.002421201

0.0024185236

0.0024161844

0.0024141405

0.0024123548

0.0024107946

0.0024094314

0.0024082404

0.0024071997

0.0024062905

0.0024054961

0.0024048021

0.0024041956

0.0024036658

0.0024032029

0.0024027984

0.002402445

0.0024021362

0.0024018665

0.0024016308

0.0024014248

0.0024012449

0.0024010877

0.0024009503

0.0024008303

0.0024007255

0.0024006338

0.0024005538

Specific leaf area (m2 leaf kg-1 leaf)


MWDST0

MWDST1P

MWDST1M

MWDST2P

MWDST2M

MWDST3P

MWDST3M

MWDST4

MWDST5

MWDST6

MWDST7

MWDST8

MWDST9

MWDST910

MWDST911

MWDST912

MWDST913

IR72DS92N0

IR72DS92N1

IR72DS92N2

IR72DS93N10

IR72DS93N11

IR72DS93N20

IR72DS93N21

IR72DS93N30

IR72DS93N31

IR72DS93N40

IR72DS93N41

IR72WS91N0

IR72WS91N1

IR72WS91N2

IR72WS92N1

IR72WS92N2

IR72WS92N3

IR72WS92N4

IR72WS92N5

IR72WS92N6

IR72WS92N7

IR72WS92N8

Line

Function

F4.1

F4.1

0.840.960.850.921

0.720.820.680.661

0.520.580.380.640

0.340.4800.46

0.140.280.95600.0304631094

0.98622.89555139930.86633.1331375496

0.42666.14291069570.70.38

0.220.20.560.14

0.080.060.520.08

0.440.060.140.02

0.320.040.650

0.10.020.2120.92

0.93400.050.7

0.040.9200.6

00.840.8660.46

0.850.780.666602.336441212

0.050.640.366640.4608116776

0.96347.59129644220.0660.42

0.48369.94637470650.0340.2

0.260.620.920.1

00.320.8380.06

0.480.140.180

0.240.040.040.98

0.0600.850.86

00.880.750.74

0.40.860.2840.52

0.10.620.08467.564696641

0.04517.2433573928510.9333338756

0.96560.0942054610.3

0.340.18

0.120.1

00.04

00.92

0.980.84

0.840.7

0.76545.3384841772

0.62608.3346525768

499.20904031640.44

544.20661596260.22

0.420.08

0.20.02

0.040

00.76

0.80.5

0.58396.6604211857

0.540.28

0.40.1

0.140.08

0.060.04

0.040

0.020.88

0.920.64

359.6948270376369.9463747065

0.820.36

0.660.2

0.660.18

0.60.14

0.380.08

0.140.04

0.020

00.94

0.98284.4706636621

0.940.66

0.820.32

0.780.08

0.580.04

0.30

0.140.9

0.060.6

0.980.32

0.960.26

0.940.08

175.9472506190

0.90.92

0.853.9931670218

0.7286.3988943709

0.620.62

0.36192.0521353306

0.120.42

0.080.34

0.060.24

0.020

0.98

0.9

0.8

0.6

355.1156624029

417.9920111806

482.1925334916

0



IR20 DS1992

IR20 WS1992

ir72 ds 1992

ir72 ws 1992

Line

F4.2

F4.2

171817170

2014232325

13181313

18111717

8131010

13111212

131016

12

Delay in flowering (d)

Number of days (d)

IR20 DS

IR20 WS

IR72 DS

IR72 WS

Line

F4.3

F4.3

0.980.990.980.9791

0.950.980.680.9771

0.450.970.610.9710

0.30.940.45600.0304631094

0.25622.89555139930.1633.1331375496

0666.14291069570.930.951

0.970.90.870.948

0.920.890.950.942

0.810.8700.9

0.020.850.810.897

0.680.80.870.897

0.850.770.650.979

0.8540.590.977

0.7670.990.40.971

0.70.980.02602.336441212

0.350.960.95640.4608116776

0.72347.59129644220.950.951

0.1369.94637470650.880.948

00.940.950.942

0.8840.920.950.9

0.8750.890.840.897

0.7940.890.80.91

0.7060.840.730.86

0.9040.820.450.825

0.887538.49634535910.251199.6800997684

0.80.7600.612

0.670.690.5

0.660.670.175

0.20.590.1

00.650.05

0.80.650

0.52616.95094237070.979

0.420.550.977

0.320.4750.971

0.250.375467.564696641

0.225510.9333338756

0.1750.951

0.10.948

0.0750.942

0.050.9

0.9730.98

0.9620.979

0.9370.963

517.2433573928545.3384841772

560.094205461608.3346525768

0.8750.942

0.8290.936

0.7830.895

0.7750.886

0.980.845

0.950.791

0.941051.1469198443

0.930.668

499.20904031640.575

544.20661596260.475

0.870.35

0.841257.9987555881

0.790.225

0.780.175

774.37547123250.025

0.610.025

858.8735708050

0.430.99

0.1250.98

0.125396.6604211857

0.0250.95

0.0250.93

00.9

0.9790.87

187.70513954050.84

234.47406978570.84

0.9170.979

0.8870.946

0.850.929

0.8120.908

0.7790.9

0.7580.879

0.70.825

0.6170.692

0.946714.5023732213

282.07308632310.421

359.69482703760.233

0.9330.7

0.9120.7

0.8870.6

0.8581040.9489100407

0.8250.325

0.80.225

0.7620.075

0.6920.05

0.5920.05

0.4670

0.70.994

0.7284.4706636621

0.5250.959

910.61181819490.916

0.40.872

0.30.853

0.10.769

0.050.975

00.933

0.9940.904

0.9870.892

0.9590.85

0.9470.796

0.8940.717

0.8660.6

0.8190.5

0.7530.925

0.979465.3840248305

0.9580.85

0.9040.75

0.8750.35

0.8330.2

0.7670.075

0.6920

0.60.95

0.508192.0521353306

0.4170.9

0.950.887

369.00157217350.869

0.840.837

0.75442.5877536403

0.5478.7944314364

0.425517.9630608597

0.350.45

0.250.95

0.20.9

0.9540.887

0.9250.887

0.90.85

0.8560.475

355.1156624029578.5592347266

417.9920111806602.914319114

482.19253349160

0.387

0.2

0

0.89

0.84

0.775

0.725

0.425

0.42

0.375

0

Drought-induced leaf death factor factor (-)


IR20DS1992

IR20WS1992

IR72 DS1992

IR72 WS1992

Line

F4.4

F4.4

0.82554596771.04314888010.87106017190.8772935781

0.72596553850.92543859650.65958316310.78185933150.9908292571

0.68337483930.87104430380.65376344090.68401611820.9831880842

0.7989759630.85245901640.66427432220.84210526320.9755488745

0.73652693140.85245901640.64835047270.84210526320.9679125193

0.76208723120.85245901640.6926572580.84122678910.9602799084

0.67831194970.79718640090.65613932550.75410628020.9526519299

0.74414853230.69782299030.73232542760.62784863060.9450294698

0.80943941430.60077091360.7891900960.56993128580.9374134115

0.72450559090.65223203150.73797519310.60741608680.9298046354

0.67662506380.64328227670.77295629690.71919240070.9222040184

0.71281925410.62025572820.68389881370.56387159870.9146124339

0.66456316470.66966809520.71909817530.60242271150.9070307508

0.52945338310.54002558930.60235487480.43946098110.8994598338

0.54423340880.45538806140.68526752360.34539950650.8919005422

0.61686246450.49242067780.78647924340.36786301840.8843537303

0.65862629660.21786435990.44106644430.36069834320.8768202465

0.58034496570.46385886330.51390848960.26878830340.8693009332

0.69203303490.49893844520.63960040820.29609663370.8617966262

0.57283586370.54290634110.5837303530.31861550180.8543081545

0.68422293910.59299089830.67430543140.34452872910.8468363401

0.82554596770.36812624050.85959885390.25141003090.8393819971

0.65884728530.36740325990.6930935840.32418547330.8319459321

0.65389592470.46820199620.66752688170.31158692850.8245289434

0.77658919690.52706664770.67145135570.34503002070.8171318205

0.7126580030.79666227490.63609488510.86773700310.8097553443

0.75279348450.69956140350.67805932010.77089136490.8024002866

0.66938679240.67958860760.61461389850.89254533240.7950674095

0.73435710430.70491803280.68597837160.73684210530.7877574655

0.79878889570.70491803280.73924421640.73684210530.780471197

0.76748321220.70491803280.67489305070.73607344040.7732093362

0.70183667240.67213755370.79842191130.75942028990.7659726045

0.71169922380.59922348890.55455273380.63014844240.7587617127

0.62933214730.54163654410.60647339170.56993128580.7515773604

0.57527050130.6532339240.51354956450.63286693430.7444202358

0.59132954070.69249094870.57477557250.81682151910.7372910157

0.66987889750.67973230490.64579402290.66160934250.7301903652

0.59771435040.72396550830.34936536380.70684264820.7231189372

0.62954464690.60063147630.3866590470.50794251680.7160773726

0.74958729440.51478650420.45163890220.42799504070.7090662999

0.63414212690.55664946190.55507474380.45583026190.7020863352

0.74089595030.57734960890.67851312670.39429460650.6951380817

0.67026010110.43072608740.46274672260.30718663250.6882221298

0.68572711550.46329998480.45161160230.33839615280.6813390571

0.5060720760.50412731680.33375420540.3641320020.6744894279

0.95005693670.55063440550.83273789670.3937471190.6676737934

0.77884882810.43737771150.81845642770.30169203710.6608926912

0.75763194150.44283041920.57056214480.36172273860.6541466456

0.52984792960.49374028690.62064585280.31158692850.6474361674

0.53777948370.55581573760.43955944070.34503002070.6407617537

0.60792202620.44397788650.50487048180.27465621420.6341238879

0.69533023140.48235762780.58953173470.31151052370.6275230395

0.44342035420.32691278860.45360860130.42840148850.6209596644

0.46982744560.36105953660.29363125340.2687675370.6144342046

0.58075409080.61140336720.39989355040.41904671340.6079470879

0.49909843961.06360909770.66824207420.50473436650.6014987286

0.69439018540.86509715990.89717594820.80821256040.5950895269

0.69723606971.05423507730.94784476010.89284967590.5887198689

0.68470565941.03326094560.73662127640.80754098360.582390127

0.5703529771.09663637080.83327452460.89180050720.5761006595

0.45699034081.16799937550.6390400620.90334033710.5698518111

0.51661197620.8555650760.73399052340.89487645860.5636439122

0.59091585980.71897941820.85707269910.93898544830.5574772798

0.46762273280.77377327960.44570791090.77189309680.5513522168

0.48433499740.65165840040.4889859240.62371515290.5452690127

0.59875976530.45216517760.66594517770.66350589580.5392279429

0.4766441130.4834713490.67777326060.57689129020.5332292697

0.44972768060.52264870120.59172142730.39739402930.5272732416

0.44891350840.56674245870.81508670870.43736993530.5213600938

0.46129928410.37955831350.83961524840.47026583690.5154900481

0.94356593650.43077259181.04657167450.50819982190.5096633133

0.86147623861.06173456640.92241379310.3629994380.5038800847

0.7743470050.86846038860.95258620690.32208527570.498140545

0.71283967391.04357564760.90455978660.80064412240.4924448637

0.71283967391.02903629350.90455978660.9320510140.4867931979

0.71283967391.11145578120.92498904040.87606557380.4811856917

0.566157021.18378315080.56475264230.96759650610.475622477

0.58488740270.85253115730.48133969871.07274044250.4701036733

0.58733204450.75945705450.51458853341.07385175030.4646293877

0.37194417530.81630040670.31733462851.12678253790.4591997156

0.37890529750.70509112950.28344111370.97433077160.4538147402

0.27092731770.48760806670.23266131070.67390563320.4484745333

0.30170663050.52035843570.2870501640.71613016110.4431791549

0.23246148920.56125572750.91804532850.68841668380.4379286536

0.25243114140.60699518010.77298850570.47130042220.4327230669

0.94356593650.40839370040.87471264370.51801623170.4275624212

0.86804853390.42098253160.85681946810.55616242950.4224467322

0.77682357550.39737830610.85681946810.60005461690.4173760046

0.69467670010.43922257010.87617051890.38917910810.4123502328

0.69467670010.40267475680.57999111430.37013334420.407369401

0.69467670010.45261190320.53933114950.30899641970.402433483

0.54573990331.13580246910.54473657320.34155884010.3975424429

0.56548355531.13580246910.37132915370.27296685570.392696235

0.56784709520.83579881660.34103557980.31001063470.387894804

0.377943274910.2496295731.17857142860.3831380852

0.388359765410.25888407221.20.378426005

0.26272651081.12177436550.18178519450.89362957140.3737584806

0.26977872460.9747023810.12284796170.94472361810.3691354205

0.18305083320.9747023810.11228188760.94365666960.3645567248

0.14816400980.968750.12887835251.06578276390.360022285

0.12824285510.9747023810.91818181820.96891191710.3555319846

0.08771512580.88485767620.81677045870.96891191710.3510856992

0.07986000560.98794326240.81677045870.96891191710.3466832964

0.08572396270.89310852270.81677045870.96891191710.3423246365

0.09350546840.94356843730.69459741850.88412867080.3380095724

0.84507042250.65058362520.64353304040.79655602290.3337379497

0.73382616490.69196638070.62736753750.6754289710.3295096073

0.73382616490.40923943840.68012179950.71658547460.325324377

0.73382616490.50050989460.37148797830.41615324340.3211820843

0.77802690230.26172810750.38755266370.44965015590.3170825483

0.72122414620.46042468420.40946078850.4392441960.3130255818

0.63277435250.50675423650.16883865870.36827969270.3090109919

0.57696561340.53737759310.90909090910.49655841370.3050385795

0.51998257850.68457869680.79829254750.41598100280.3011081403

0.41359383961.13580246910.79829254750.59168389260.2972194643

0.29376092951.13014403290.79829254751.15476190480.2933723366

0.22945719270.82991958730.58461949391.16969696970.2895665369

0.24876986591.01136363640.65344574890.8356272120.2858018404

0.17577364931.01089015150.66790012590.94472361810.2820780173

0.82253521131.07627781330.58938077370.94407495710.2783948336

0.72150537630.98214285710.38742241381.01110544510.2747520509

0.72150537630.98214285710.40346080870.9326424870.2711494265

0.72150537630.98214285710.42510910340.9326424870.267586714

0.80688110890.98214285710.15918754460.9326424870.2640636631

0.74421687270.81583449990.21488752760.93221070810.2605800198

0.65868281811.14042553190.12837792910.85490726430.2571355268

0.56173168310.91260525720.84691370950.2537299234

0.44854156520.60731620090.73238115360.2503629457

0.35228087770.68544537740.77733314660.247034327

0.25258160180.3438040630.46369946260.2437437978

0.17176148780.35963113270.49967812020.2404910857

0.15010226080.25362004650.49011911450.237275916

0.13151876570.37063097440.43326437020.2340980116

0.11140652470.62072810250.50671947450.230957093

0.10700139040.49455462670.44000716590.227852879

0.93036765950.58053029140.45765604960.2247850861

1.03555575930.57383802530.31830748330.2217534292

0.83317541540.51770829460.34152255440.2187576214

0.87375846410.41396767950.1809128140.2157973744

0.74769437061.00354609930.25102688210.2128723985

0.3811106511.12249443210.28538633370.2099824025

0.3963598551.12249443210.95223145290.2071270944

0.19537797680.95961995251.00202670480.2043061808

0.17094522880.95961995251.02310231020.2015193677

0.08477697870.71189458691.02389887830.19876636

0.08214692431.01881188120.80412371130.1960468622

0.04363621921.17965023850.80652099110.193360578

0.96576032230.92897358160.1907072107

0.80345394740.86890729210.1880864633

0.93117077520.97273216790.1854980385

0.94359236930.70027130640.1829416387

0.88781902490.66975024060.1804169663

0.73290805070.69762746210.1779237239

0.77538441860.72684167240.1754616139

0.47366326690.62444649760.1730303392

0.53156281680.45432775660.1706296028

0.58160310970.48873529360.168259108

0.65214884230.50171928980.1659185588

0.39758999450.28160502280.1636076595

0.4535579220.32743134130.1613261151

1.22494432070.94764296750.1590736313

0.96437054630.87744396760.1568499145

0.96437054630.87788778880.154654672

0.85944919280.87869789950.1524876117

0.98679867990.73883161510.1503484429

1.24854266030.73951881170.1482368755

1.05001678420.84827486650.1461526207

0.79934210530.79088732620.1440953908

0.90877147820.81026149040.1420648991

0.92089427110.60165557470.1400608604

0.7589537860.71097276580.1380829907

0.64889882750.67044717140.1361310072

0.68091979780.67354866330.1342046285

0.37137130270.59719043220.1323035749

0.37358859670.43921549280.1304275679

0.39921731120.47297474230.1285763306

0.43245600250.44445415530.1267495877

0.23550330380.31586612850.1249470653

0.26438214010.38564135760.1231684913

0.26411473050.39960797150.1214135954

0.25704542150.22325753730.1196821086

1.0300196850.2830033410.117973764

0.9990157480.1621351940.1162882962

1.10849349040.89852941180.1146254418

1.16360655740.99117647060.112984939

1.07703488371.04166666670.111366528

0.99705282270.91208932240.1097699508

0.76602087080.90994557150.1081949513

0.67942474630.97258741260.1066412752

0.67973793930.87171585680.1051086703

0.72664967590.57484294470.1035968862

0.63221359160.55376307730.1021056744

0.69473321540.57180354840.1006347887

0.49008645580.56635586680.0991839845

0.4754954120.41561213910.0977530194

0.51602137780.39184974320.0963416531

0.40882086950.1985601850.094949647

0.22017220.0935767648

0.25419279110.0922227723

0.31546180830.0908874371

0.0895705291

0.0882718201

0.086991084

0.0857280968

0.0844826366

0.0832544835

0.0820434198

0.0808492298

0.0796716999

0.0785106186

0.0773657763

0.0762369658

0.0751239817

0.0740266209

0.0729446821

0.0718779663

0.0708262764

0.0697894175

0.0687671965

0.0677594226

0.066765907

0.0657864626

0.0648209048

0.0638690507

0.0629307194

0.0620057321

0.061093912

0.060195084

0.0593090753

0.0584357149

0.0575748337

0.0567262645

0.0558898421

0.0550654033

0.0542527864

0.053451832

0.0526623824

0.0518842817

0.0511173758

0.0503615125

0.0496165416

0.0488823143

0.0481586838

0.0474455051

0.0467426349

0.0460499317

0.0453672555

0.0446944683

0.0440314337

0.0433780168

0.0427340847

0.0420995058

0.0414741504

0.0408578904

0.0402505991

0.0396521516

0.0390624244

0.0384812959

0.0379086456

0.0373443548

0.0367883063

0.0362403843

0.0357004747

0.0351684646

0.0346442427

0.0341276991

0.0336187254

0.0331172146

0.032623061

0.0321361604

0.0316564098

0.0311837079

0.0307179542

0.0302590501

0.0298068979

0.0293614013

0.0289224654

0.0284899965

0.0280639022

0.0276440911

0.0272304732

0.0268229599

0.0264214635

0.0260258975

0.0256361768

0.0252522173

0.0248739359

0.024501251

0.0241340817

0.0237723486

0.023415973

0.0230648775

0.0227189858

0.0223782226

0.0220425135

0.0217117852

0.0213859656

0.0210649834

0.0207487683

0.020437251

0.0201303632

0.0198280375

0.0195302074

0.0192368075

0.0189477731

0.0186630406

0.0183825471

0.0181062307

0.0178340304

0.0175658859

0.0173017379

0.017041528

0.0167851983

0.0165326921

0.0162839532

0.0160389264

0.0157975572

0.0155597919

0.0153255774

0.0150948617

0.0148675932

0.0146437213

0.0144231958

0.0142059676

0.013991988

0.0137812091

0.0135735838

0.0133690654

0.0131676082

0.0129691669

0.0127736969

0.0125811544

0.0123914961

0.0122046793

0.0120206619

0.0118394025

0.0116608604

0.0114849951

0.0113117671

0.0111411373

0.010973067

0.0108075185

0.0106444541

0.0104838372

0.0103256312

0.0101698004

0.0100163096

0.0098651238

0.0097162089

0.0095695311

0.0094250571

0.0092827541

0.0091425897

0.0090045322

0.0088685501

0.0087346126

0.0086026891

0.0084727496

0.0083447646

0.0082187049

0.0080945417

0.0079722469

0.0078517924

0.0077331508

0.0076162951

0.0075011985

0.0073878348

0.0072761781

0.0071662028

0.0070578839

0.0069511965

0.0068461163

0.0067426192

0.0066406815

0.0065402799

0.0064413914

0.0063439933

0.0062480633

0.0061535794

0.00606052

0.0059688636

0.0058785894

0.0057896765

0.0057021046

0.0056158535

0.0055309035

0.0054472349

0.0053648287

0.0052836658

0.0052037275

0.0051249956

0.0050474519

0.0049710785

0.0048958579

0.0048217728

0.0047488061

0.0046769409

0.0046061609

0.0045364495

0.0044677908

0.004400169

0.0043335684

0.0042679738

0.0042033699

0.0041397419

0.0040770751

0.004015355

0.0039545674

0.0038946983

0.0038357338

0.0037776603

0.0037204644

0.0036641329

0.0036086528

0.0035540112

0.0035001955

0.0034471933

0.0033949924

0.0033435806

0.0032929461

0.0032430771

0.0031939622

0.0031455899

0.003097949

0.0030510286

0.0030048178

0.0029593058

0.0029144822

0.0028703365

0.0028268585

0.0027840382

0.0027418657

0.0027003311

0.0026594248

0.0026191374

0.0025794595

0.002540382

0.0025018957

0.0024639918

0.0024266614

0.0023898959

0.0023536867

0.0023180256

0.0022829041

0.0022483142

0.0022142477

0.0021806969

0.0021476539

0.0021151111

0.0020830609

0.0020514958

0.0020204086

0.0019897919

0.0019596388

0.0019299421

0.0019006951

0.0018718909

0.0018435227

0.0018155841

0.0017880686

0.0017609696

0.001734281

0.0017079966

0.0016821102

0.0016566157

0.0016315074

0.0016067793

0.0015824257

0.001558441

0.0015348195

0.0015115557

0.0014886443

0.00146608

0.0014438574

0.0014219714

0.0014004169

0.001379189

0.0013582826

0.0013376929

0.0013174151

0.0012974445

0.0012777764

0.0012584063

0.0012393296

0.001220542

0.001202039

0.0011838163

0.0011658697

0.0011481951

0.0011307882

0.0011136451

0.0010967617

0.0010801342

0.0010637586

0.0010476311

0.001031748

0.0010161056

0.0010007002

0.0009855283

0.0009705863

Relative transpiration (-)


IR20 DS1992

IR20 WS1992

ir72 ds1992

ir72 ws1992

fit def

F5.1

F5.1

000000000000000.0130.0130.0140.0140.0140.0140.0140.0140.0410.0410.0410.0410.0410.0410.0410.0410.0410.0410.0410.0420.0420.0410.0390.040.040.0530.04

0.030.030.030.0290.0290.0290.0290.0290.0290.0290.0290.0270.0270.0270.0210.0210.0210.0210.0210.0210.0210.0210.0410.0410.0410.0410.0410.0410.0410.040.0450.0420.0440.0450.0440.040.0420.0450.0450.0530.04

0.0410.0470.0430.0440.050.050.0470.0440.050.050.0470.050.0520.0510.0480.0480.0520.0520.0520.0520.0490.0490.030.030.030.030.030.0290.0290.0360.0350.0350.0380.0420.0360.0260.0330.0310.0390.040.023

0.0390.040.040.0250.030.0280.0280.0250.030.0280.0280.0240.0350.0340.0250.0250.0380.0370.0370.0360.0340.0350.0240.0240.0240.0240.0240.0340.0340.0360.0360.0330.0350.0390.0340.0260.0320.0330.0370.02750.015

0.0370.0420.0390.0220.0230.0230.0270.0220.0230.0230.0270.020.0320.0330.0220.0210.0370.0340.0290.0290.0360.0350.0160.0160.0160.0250.0250.0280.0280.0260.0240.0220.0210.0220.0250.0160.0190.020.0270.0220.01

0.0230.0290.0270.0180.0210.020.0220.0180.0210.020.0220.0170.0260.0250.0180.0270.0270.030.0220.0260.0240.030.0150.0220.0220.0260.0260.0260.0260.0260.0250.0240.0210.0220.0250.0160.0190.0190.025

0.0170.020.0210.0170.0180.0190.020.0150.0160.0160.0170.0130.020.0230.0150.0210.0230.0250.0190.0230.0210.0250.0110.020.020.0180.0120.0140.0170.010.0140.0150.0170.0160.0170.0150.0120.020.023

0.0170.020.0210.0150.0140.0150.0150.0130.0140.0140.0130.010.0120.0140.0120.0160.0170.0190.0130.0170.0140.017

0.0140.0160.019

0.010.0110.013

Fraction N in leaves (kg N kg-1 dry matter)


seedbed

NMAXL

NMINL

IR72WS91N0

IR72WS91N1

IR72WS91N2

IR72WS92N1

IR72WS92N2

IR72WS92N3

IR72WS92N4

IR72WS92N5

IR72WS92N6

IR72WS92N7

IR72WS92N8

IR72DS92N0

IR72DS92N1

IR72DS92N2

IR72DS93N10

IR72DS93N11

IR72DS93N20

IR72DS93N21

IR72DS93N30

IR72DS93N31

IR72DS93N40

IR72DS93N41

MWDST0

MWDST1P

MWDST1M

MWDST2P

MWDST2M

MWDST3P

MWDST3M

MWDST4

MWDST5

MWDST6

MWDST7

MWDST8

MWDST9

MWDST10

MWDST11

MWDST12

MWDST13

Nmax

Nmin

F7.1

F7.1

0.610.59610.49910.57910.51810.55310.51210.52710.61910.610.42910.610.54510.610.54510.52910.61

0.610.40510.55610.53810.5210.42910.46110.47610.49310.610.60610.610.56410.610.57910.62510.61

0.310.31610.44510.52710.45510.3310.35810.45210.47910.310.36410.310.45810.310.5410.59510.31

00.40.1480.6870.20.7310.1240.6910.1280.6210.0690.6090.0980.6360.1020.6450.1830.62800.40.326100.40.361100.40.42910.545100.4

0000-0.0610.323-0.0130.040.043-0.024000.016-0.0120.0590.208000.2380.951000.1650.649000.340.5280.451100

000.59610000000.512100000000000000000.268100

0.40510.57910.51810.55310.46110.52710.61910.42910.5451000.1080.486

0.0780.31610.53810.5210.42910.35810.47610.49310.0780.60610.0780.5710.0710000

0.2510.1480.6870.52710.45510.3310.0980.6360.45210.47910.2510.39910.2510.54310.2490.54510.5291

0.504000.1240.6910.1280.6210.0690.6090.016-0.0120.1020.6450.1830.6280.5040.34410.5040.43210.5080.58310.5361

0.7310.5961-0.0130.040.043-0.02400000.0590.2080.7310.2360.9730.7310.1510.5530.730.47510.661

0.9060.405100000.51210.5271000.906000.906000.9050.56610.5281

0.31610.51810.55310.46110.47610.61910.42910.54511.2680.330.6450.5161

0.0780.2490.6770.5210.42910.35810.45210.49310.0780.60710.0780.5591000.3071

0.250.1710.4770.45510.3310.0980.6360.1020.6450.47910.250.48610.250.54810.071000.020.128

0.503000.1280.6210.0690.6090.016-0.0120.0590.2080.1830.6280.5030.52610.5030.46510.2490.545100

0.730.59610.043-0.0240000000.730.2710.9240.730.1520.6140.5080.577100

0.9050.4051000.51210.52710.61910.905000.9050.730.499100

0.31610.55310.46110.47610.49310.42910.9050.57610.5291

0.1010.2490.6770.42910.35810.45210.47910.1010.60711.2680.350.60.7651

0.2870.1710.4770.3310.0980.6360.1020.6450.1830.6280.2870.531000.5761

0.522000.0690.6090.016-0.0120.0590.2080.5220.47110.071000.5281

0.7210.59610000000.7210.3280.940.2490.54510.4961

0.8960.39710.51210.52710.61910.896000.5080.55210.2941

0.47310.46110.47610.49310.42910.730.485

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