Pengantar Standardisasi (Bahasa)

8/11/2019 Pengantar Standardisasi (Bahasa)

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PENDAHULUAN

Presented by

National Standardization Agency of Indonesia

Badan Standardisasi Nasional

www. bsn.or.id


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Introduction

Standards are so much a part of our daily routine that we use them

without even being aware of doing so, and without giving thought tohow they are created or the benefits they provide.

Standards are among the most important management tools everdevised and need to be studied carefully by engineers whendesigning, testing or certifying products.

In todays world of instant global technologies, it is of criticalimportance that students have a fundamental understanding ofstandards and the process of international standardization

Recently many universities around the world are giving increased

attention to integration of engineering standards in their curriculums.


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Historical Significance of Standards

Standards have existed since theancient world

The earliest examples of standard:Calendar

Ancient civilization reliedupon the apparent motion ofthe sun, moon, and starsthrough the sky todetermine the appropriatetime to plant and harvestcrops, to celebrate theholidays, and to recordimportant events

5000 years ago The Tigris used calendarthat divided year into 30-day months.

Each day was divided into 12 hours andeach hour into 30 minutes

The Egyptian were the first develop the365-day calendar (4236 BC) based the

years measurement on the rising of thedog star or sirius every 365 days.


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Definition

Standardizationactivity of establishing, with regards to actual or potential problem,

provisions for common and repeated use,, aimed at the achievementof the optimum degree of order in a given context.

Note 1 In particular, the activity consists of processes of formulating, issuing andimplementingstandards.

Note 2 Important benefits of standardization are improvement of the suitability ofproducts, processes and services for their intended purposes, prevention of barrier totrade and facilitation of technological cooperation.

ISO/IEC Guide 2:2004


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Definition

Standardizationis the activity

of establishing and recording

a limited set of solutions

to actual or potential matching problems

directed at benefits for the party or parties involved

balancing their needs

and intending and expecting that these solutions will be repeatedly orcontinuously used

during a certain period

by a substantial number of the parties for whom they are meant

A Business Approach to the Role of National Standardization Organizations,

Henk J. de Vries


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Definition

Standard

document established by consensus and approved by a recognized

body, that provides, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelinesor characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at theachievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context.

Note:

Standards should be based on the consolidated results of science, technology andexperience, and aimed at the promotion of optimum community benefits.

ISO/IEC Guide 2:2004


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Pyramidal Multiplicity of points instandardization space

Source: Standardization a New DisciplineL. C. Verman


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Standardization Space-Diagrammatic representation

Engin

eering

Trans

port

Housing/Building

Food

Agriculture

Fores

try

Textiles

Chem

ical

Comm

erce

Scien

ce

Education

National

Association

Company

Individual

International

Level

Nomenclature, SymbolsSpecification

Sampling and InspectionTest and Analysis

Grading and ClassificationSimplification, Rationalization

Code of practicePackaging and Labeling

Form and Contracts

SubjectX

Z

YSource: Standardization a New Discipline

L. C. Verman


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Standardization Space

SubjectStandards cover almost all economic activity of man

EngineeringTransportHousing/BuildingFoodAgriculture

Forestry, etcEach of these field deals with a number of item and each item mayfurther subdivided into subjects suitable for being covered by astandard.Example:

EngineeringSteelMachinesFastener

Threads Bold and nuts Washer

Rivets, etc


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Aspect

Standards differ in form and type depending on particular aspect

that may be covered.

A set of nomenclatur or definitions

A specification for quality, composition or performance

A method of sampling or inspectionA method of test or analysis

A scheme of simplification

A code of practice, etc.


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Level

The third dimension is concerned with the operational levels of astandard.

Individual

Company

Association (API, ASME)

National (SNI, IS, JIS, BS, ANSI, DIN)Regional (EN)

International (ISO, IEC)


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Aims and Benefit ofStandardization


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Benefit of Standardization

For the producer, standards:

1. Provide short cuts to design procedures by furnishing ready. Made andgenerally accepted solutions to recurring problems;

2. Make possible longer production runs with fewer changes in production lineand reduce tooling and set-up time;

3. Streamline inspection and testing and enable quality control procedures to

reduce rejections and re-working:4. enable the procurement of raw materials, interchangeable parts and

components from ready stocks without loss of time;

5. reduce stocks and inventory of materials, parts and end-products;

6. simplify servicing and maintenance;

7. facilitate training of staff and operators;

8. reduce overheads on clerical and administrative work:

9. facilitate marketing and winning of consumer contldence; and

10. lead to higher productivity in every department, which means reduced

costs, lower prices. higher sales and greater profitability


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For the consumer or the user:

3. streamlining inspection and testing;

4. easy procurement;

5. reduced investment in inventory;

6. simplification of servicing;

7. facility in training:

8. low overheads;

10.reduced prices:

11.basis of transactions: and

12.reduction of disputes;


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For the technologist, standards:

13.furnish an authoritative basis of judement to facilitate comparableand reproducible results to be obtained in evaluating goods andservices;

14.assist in meeting difficult performance specifications and otherunusual requirements of special item;

15.provide accurately defined tools. apparatus and equipment andgenerally agreed procedures to be used and followed in technicalevaluations;

16.furnish generally agreed and acceptable solution of recurringproblems and enable him to concentrate more effectively on vitaland fundamental issues of original character concerning design,

development and research; and17.furnish starting-points for research and development for further

improvement of goods and services.;


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National InfrastructureArrangement


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National Standards Body(Statutory Bodyor Government Department)

National Infrastructure Arrangement

Government

Standards Metrology Testing Certification [Accreditation]

Integrated Approach


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National Standards Body(Statutory Bodyor Government Department)


Government

Standards Metrology Accreditation

Semi-integrated Approach

National Laboratory or

Laboratories

Inspection Testing Certification


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Government

National Standards Body

Standards Testing Certification

Traditional Statutory Approach

Private Laboratories

Private Certification Organizations

Testing Certification

National

Metrology

Laboratory

Metrology

Private Industry


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Government

Separation of Statutory and Commercial

SQAM activities



(Government Laboratories)


National

Metrology

Laboratory

Metrology

Private Industry

National

Standards

Body

Standard

National

Accreditation

Body

Accreditation


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Government

National Quality Mechanism




National

Metrology

Laboratory

Metrology

Private Industry

National

Standards

Body

Standard

National

Accreditation

Body

Accreditation

- Legal Metrology

- Calibration

Laboratories

Sector Standards

Organizations


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Pengantar Standardisasi (Bahasa)

Documents

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