Pelliciardi, Ferdinando - Grammatica del dialetto romagnolo (1977)

5/17/2018 Pelliciardi, Ferdinando - Grammatica del dialetto romagnolo (1977)

1/89


2/89

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3/89

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4/89

7= 73

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5/89

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14/89

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15/89

3> Y G] L Y ]HOG !b S\J Abkj s %kjvvj( }jsg %}jsg(kgs %k|schj( }jsg %}jssg(}ghg %}gkkhj( ~}lvg %~}lkkhg(}gvg %}gvvg( ~ }lvg %~}lcchg(blh %khkbhj( vjcg %v|ccg(vl h %vhj( vjcg %clyyj(

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79 Ng Yjls h l n h g bl ~ ~ gb h nh M ]\ CE HA % KH JT GA AH O JA G B H( " Clslag" S~hbhg"78;3!

SKG]G TBh!-+AN 3= YG] L SLCJANG6 OJ]DJBJKHG

Ogsce!

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20/89

>> YG] L SLCJANG6 OJ]DJBJKHGmhg~j hb s|jaj nlbbg tjcgbl ng agsgbl cjoybl~l g agsgbl yg}vhg/bl + !

Ls !6 c| sl a % c| kh aj(v |c ja % v| cc jal (y|fdha %yjhgag(

c|slag %c|khag(v|cjag %v|ccjag(y|fgag %syg}~haltl(

n( Ha gagbjkhg cja Hg bhak|g h~gbhgag" |a k}|yyj nh sjs~ga~hthdj}og hb dl}a}ahahbl gnj~~ganj |ag nlshalavg nhtl}sg ngbbg aj}/ogbl!

Ls!6 n| ~j } % nj~ ~j} l(y}|dlsj} %y}jdlssj}l(cja~ %cja~l(}l %}l(k gb % kg bb j(c ga %c gal(

n|~|}lsg %nj~~j}lssg(y}|dls|}lsg %y}jdlssj}lssg(c|a~lsg %cja~lssg(} lk h a g % }l kh ag (kgblag %kgbbhag(cgkag %cgkag(

l( Hadhal" nhtl}sh sjs~ga~hth nl}htgaj E dlo}ahahbl ng |ag }gnhclnhtl}sg ng w|lbbg nlb ogscehbl" Gacel ha w|ls~j cgsj b+gagbjkhg cgaF+h~gbhgaj l lthnla~l!

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A\OE]J NLB SJS^GAb+bTJ L NLCBbAGVHJAL >! Nlcbhagvhjal nlh sjs~ga~hth ogscehbh!Sh hbb|s~}gaj ha w|ls~g cgyh~jbj bl }lkjbl nh nlcbhagvhjal nlh sj/

s~ga~hth }agscehbh" yl} chgsc|ag cbgssl nlbbl chaw|l nlcbhagvhjah"g( Y}hog nlcbhagvhjal!

Th gyyg}~lakjaj hsjs~ga~hth bg c|h tjcgbl ~jahcg l -g- l cjo/


21/89

>4 YG] L SLCJhtFFG! OJ]DJBJKbGy}lanl ~}l c bgssh!

7g cbgssl6 cg}g~~l}hvvg~g ngb s|jaj gyl}~j -g-" cel gb yb|}gbl sh~ }g sd j} og h a- l- g yl }~ hss h} ag !

Ls!6 yg ~gcg" yg~lcg %mgmmlj"mgmmlh(c|cgh" c |celh %c}jccehg" c}jccehl(

=g 7gssl6 cg} g~ ~l} hv vg ~g ngb s |j a j agsgbl cjoybl~l -g-" cel gbyb|}gbl sh ~}gsdj}ogha -l-agsg'lcgoybl~g!

Ls!6 cga" cela % cg al " c ga h(bhhoy"bloy % Hgoyj!^g}ayh (

F3 cbgssl6 cg}g~~l}hvvg~g ng' s|jaj agsgbl yg}vhgbl - g-" cel gb yb|/} gb l sh ~ }g sdj}og ha -c- gyl }~ g!

L5!6 sgbgo" sgblo %sgbgol " sgb goh(}gka" }lka %}gkaj" }gkah(

m( Slcjang nlcbhagvhjal!Th gyyg}~lakjaj h sjs~ga~hth bg c|h tjcgbl ~jahcg l -l- l cj}a/y }l anl sc h c bg ss h!

7g cbgssl6 cg}g~~l}hvvg~g ngb s|j aj ceh|sj -l-" cel g' yb|}gbl S 7~}gsdj}}ag ha -h- gyl}~g!

Ls!6 cgbvlng}! cgbv hng} %cgbcln}j" cgbcln}h(t ln g} " th ng } %tl~}j" tl~}h(

=g cb gss l6 cg} g~ ~l} hv vg ~g n gb s|jaj sl}ahgyl}~j -l-" cel gb yb|/}gbl sh ~}gsdj}og ha -l- ceh|sj!

Ls!6 lsga" lsga %gshaj" gshah(ylngq ylng} %ygn}l"ygnn(

3g Hgssl6 cg}g~~l}hvvg~g ngb s|jaj gyl}~j -l-" l hanlcbhagmhbl =!= Dg lcclvhjal6 yl" yh %yhlnl" yhlnh("

NLCBbAGVHJAL NBb SJS GA HTH OGSCEHBb >;Ls!6 cgtls~g}" cgtls~g} %cgyls~}j" cgyls~}h(

cgtlb" cgtlb %cgylbbj" cgylbb h(>g cbgssl6 cg}}g~~l}hvvg~g ng} s|jaj gyl}~hsshoj -l-" cel gb yb|/

}gbl sh ~ }gsdj}og ha -l- gyl}~j!Ls!6 m|}nlb" m|}nlb %}gkgvvj" }gkgv vh(

cgylb" cgylb %cgyylbbj" cgyylbbh(sg cbgssl6 cg}g~~l}hvvg~g ngb s|jaj agsgbl cjoybl~l -l-" l hanl/

cbh|gmhbl!L5"6 mgmla" mgmla %mgomhaj" mgomhah(

cgagtla" cgagtla %cgagyh aj" cgagyhah(4g cbgssl6 cg}g~~l}hvvg~g ngb s|j aj agsgbl ! yg}vhgbl -l-0 aja th

gyyg}~h cal alss|a sjs~ga~htj }agsceh bl!c( ^l}vg nlcbhagvhjal!

Th gyyg}~lakjaj hsjs~ga~hth bg c|h tjcgbl ~jahcg l -h- l cjo/y}lanl |a+|ahcg cbgssl" cg}g~~l}hvvg~g ngb s|jaj gyl}~j -h- lnhanlcbhagmhbl!

Ls!6 mhceh}" mhceh} %mhccehl}l" mhccehl}h(v}hv" v}hv %chbhlkhj" chbhlkh(

n( W|g}~g nlcbhagvhjal!Th gyyg}~lakjaj h sjs~ga~hth bg c|h tjcgbl ~jahcg l -g- l cgo/

y }l anl sl h c bg ss h!7g cbgssl6 cg}g~~l}hvvg~g ng s|jaj ceh|sj -4-" celbg yb|}gbl

sh ~}gsdg}og ha -|- gyl}~g!Ls!6 dh4}" dh|} %dhj}l" dhj}h(

jf|o" |f|}a %jboj" jboh(=g cHgssl6 cg}g~~l}hvvg~g ngb s|jaj sl}ahgyl}~j -9-" cel gb yb|/

}gbl sh ~}gsdj}}ag ha -|- gyl}~g!


22/89

>5 YG] ^L SLCJANG6 OJ]DJBJKHG NLCBHAGVHJAL NLH SJS^GA^HTH DLOOHAHBb >8Ls!6 cj}" c|} %l|c}l" c|j}h(

oj}~" o|} ~ %oj}~j" oj}~h( Sylccehj }hlyhbjkg~htj!

3g cbgssl6 cg}g~~l}hvvg~g ngb s|jaj gyl}~j -9-" l hanlcbhag/mhbl!-!

Tjcg~l ~jahcgNlcbhagvhjal Chgssl

Ls!6 cgyj~" cgyj~ %cgyyj~~j" cgyyj~~h(schjy" schjy %scehjyyj" scehjyyh(

b g= g33H F=3HH 3g>3Sg4g

EH7g= g33HT >gS34g

T

Shakjbg}l Yb|}gbl

h~ l/ /g lg lll ll ll ll l

Ls !6 h ac jv ga " h acj vg a % hac |n ha l" h ac| nh ah (cbj}am" cbj}am %cjbjomj" cjbjomh(

>3 cbgssl6 cg}g~~l}hvvg~g ngb s|jaj gyl}~hsshoj -9-" cel gb yb|/}gbl sh ~}gsdj}}ag ha -9- gyl}~g!

S3 cbgssl6 cg}g~~l}hvvg~g ng s|jaj agsgbl cjoybl~l -4-" l hanl/cbhagmhbl!

Ls!6 mhsja" mh sj a % mh sc hj al " m hs ch ja h(c ga ja " c ga ja + %cgaajal" cgaajah( 4 \

%0 \%0 49 44 94 4\ \

4g cbgssl6 cg}g~~l}hvvg~g ngb s|jaj agsgbl yg}vhgbl -9-" l hanl/cbhagmhbl!

Ls!6 74a" H ja % b| al n h !F |a ln h(l( W|ha~g nlcbhagvhjal!

Th gyyg}~lakjaj hsjs~ga~hth bg c|h tjcgbl ~jahcg l -|- l cjo/y }l an l |a +| ah cg c bg ss l" c g} g~ ~l }h vv g~ g ngb s|jaj gyl}~j -|- ln ha/nlcbhagmhbl!

Ls!6 schgn|}" s ch gn |} %} ag ~~ l} lb bj " o g~ ~l }l bb h(!gf |~ " g f| ~ % gh |~j " g h|~ h(

7

tjcgbl dhagbl!3 D g l cc lv hj al 6 m j" m | % m| l" m |jh (! Ls !6 mh sg cg " m hsg ce %~ gs cg" ~ gsc el (


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24/89


25/89

YG] L SLCJANG6 OJ]DJBJKHGb+ls %b+gssl( f+ls %kbh gssh nlbbl oj~l(

g kb h l s % Hl gs sh(l v ajc %h b khajccehj( hhamc %kbh sajnh(

gb vajc hg %Hl khajccehg(l vg}tl b 97 cl }tl bbj( hvg}tl b %h cl}tlbbh(

gb vg}tlb %bl cl}tlbbg(c( Hslk|la~h sjs~ga~hth" hadhal" ogscehbh gb shakjbg}l" nhtla~gaj

dl}aohahbh gb yb|}gbl67+93 %b+jssj(b+jt %H+|jtj(l nhn %hb nh~j(l yl} %hb yghj(l vha~al} %hb cla~haghj(

gkbh js %Hl jssg(gkbh mt %Hl |jtg(gb nhng %Hl nh~g(gb yl}g %Hl yghg(gb vha~al}g %bl cla~haghg(

75! Sjs~ga~hth cjoyjs~h!H sjs~ga~hth cjoyjs~hcjasl}tgaj bg njyyhg gccla~gvhjal nl}h/

tga~l bj}j ng w|lbbg nlh tjcgmjbh cel bh cjoyjakjaj!Yl} bg dj}}agvhjal nlb yb|}gbl" lssh slk|jaj }lkjbl yg}~hcjbg}h

%gagbjkel g w|l\l nlbbg bhak|g h~gbhgag(" cel yjssjaj lssl}l cjsh}hgss|a~l g slcjang nlb ~hyj nh yg}jbl cel cjacj}}jaj gbbg bj}gdj}ogvhjal6

g( bg y}hog yg}~l nlb ajol }ls~g hatg}hg~g l bg slcjang slk|lbg y}jy}hg nlcbhagvhjal" w|ganj yl} s|g ag~|}g bg y}hog yg}~l lhatg}hgmhbl 9 l bg ~l}vg yl}sjag nh |a tl}mg l bg slcjang l |a sj/s~ga~htj |sg~j ha slasj nldhah~l!

Ls!6 cja~}gcjby %cja~}gccjbyj( cja~}gc|byyl}gdgake %yg}gdgakj( yl}gdlake

m( la~}goml bl yg~~h nlb ajol sj aj nlcbhagmhbh" w|g anj sh ~}g~~ gnh |a sjs~ga~htj l nh |a gkkl~~htj!

SJS^GA^HTd CJOYJS H


26/89

Yl} dgchbh~g}l bg }hcl}cg nlbbg }gnhcl j}hkhag}hg" sh y|j gddl}og}lcel lssg" albbg ogkkhj}gavg nlh cgsh" S7 hnla~hdhcg cja bg }gnhcl nlbsjs~ga~htj aj}ogbl" y|}cel bg tjcgbl ~jahcg nh w|ls~+ |b~hoj shgsjs~h~|h~g ngag cj}}hsyjanla~l g~jag" W|gbl gyyg}l ngbbg slk|la/~l ~gmlbbg!


27/89


28/89

49 YG] L SLCJANG6 OJ]DJBJKHGygbl %ygbg~j( %ygbbg~g( %ygbg~g(yg s %ygssl( %ygssgkkhj( %gyygssh~j(yh %yhltl( %yhlaj( % yhlnh(tla~ %tla~l( %tla~h" a|o!( %tha~j" y}~!(go4} %goj}l( %sgyj}l(mnjc %yhnjccehj( %thb|ccehj(m|bl~g %mjbbl~~g( %m|bbl~~g(m | s %m|cj( %mgcg~j" gkk!(cgyg %cgyyg( %njyyhg njvvhag(:cjc %c|cchg( %|}~j(cjce %c|c|bj( %cjccj(c4a~ %cja~l( %cga~j(cj} %l|c}l( %cj}g(CJb %cjcchj( %cjvvj(l|bl} %cjbbg}l( %cjbl}g(c|asjo %cjas|ol( %cjachol(cjatla~ %cjatla~j( % cj ath a~ j" y }~ !(c|slag %c|chag( %c|khag(dlbsg %Plbll( %}aj}mhbbj(dh l %dhg~j( %dl~j}l(kjmg %kjmmg( %cg}yg(k}ln %k}gnl( %y|vvj(bht}g %Hly}l( %bhm m}g(79 7 %b|kbhj( %bjkbhj(bjt %b|yj( %kjbjsj" gkk!(ogal %ogag~gf!"! !!! %}agaalbbj(og}cel %}al}cg~j( % }a g} cg ~j" y }~ !(ol} %og}l( %gog}j(olf %olkbhj( %ohkbhj(yls %ylscl( %j}hag(ajt %a|ltj" gkk!( % aj tl " a |o! (

; \ah~g nh }ahs|}g |sg~g sjbj yl} bg cja~g nlbbl |jtg"

JOJAHOH DJ] ^H 47yg}sja %y}hkhjal( %y}lsg k}ganl(ygs~|}l %ygs~|}g( %ygs~jhg(yl~l %ylccg~j( %homlccg~g(ylnkg %yl}~hcg( Cg}og( ~ Z 6 6 ylag %ylaag( %ylag(yl} %yl}j( %yghj(yl}g %yl}g( %yg}h(yl}~ %yg}~l( %yg}~j(}al}v %og}vj( %}ag}chj" gkk!( %Fyja~ %yja~l( %y|a~g(y}ls~ % y} ls~ h ~ j( %y }l s~ j" g tt !(y|bhvlhg %yjbhvhg( %y|bhvhg(}go %}goj( %}g}al(}gs~lb %}gs~}lbbj( %cgaclbbj(}g~g %}g~g( %sgbh~g(} l %}l( %}hj(}l}agb %c}|sl g( %7la ~hkkhah(^lV %}hcchj( %}hchaj(sgblag %sgbhag( %sgbhl}g(sgb| ~ %sgb|~j( %sgb| ~l(slbg %sgbg( %gssl(skaj} %shkaj}( %}hccj(sygs %ygsslkkhj( %gsyg}gkj(syhktgb %syhkjbj( %syhccehj(syh}h~ %syha~j( %gbcjjb(~gmgce %~gmgccj( %}gkgvvj (~ja %~jaaj( %~|jaj(~j}gb %~|j}bj( %~j}ahj(tg b %tgbbl( %c}htlbbj(tlag %tlag( %gtlag(thjbg %thjbg( %thj~~jbg(vlh %vhj( %chkbhg(v hke %|}bj( %chlcj(v|cg} h}g %v|ccel}hl}g( %v|ccel}hdhchj(


29/89

YG] L SLCJANG6 OJ]DJBJKdG

C|}h|sh~l!HBNLAG]J

Yg}bganj nh nlag}j" hb nhgbl~~j y}lsla~g |ag }hccelvvg nh ~l}ohahcel gb~}j aja l sl aja bg cjaslk|lavg nlbbl ~}gtgkbhg~l thclanl s~j/}hcel nlbbg ~l}}g nh ]jogkag" yl}laal}ala~l cja~lsg ~}g hk }j ss h y j/~la~g~h" bhoh~}jdh l aja! Sjy}g~~|~~j hb njohahc ~loyj}gbl nlbbgcehlsg" sylssj sj}}l~~j ngal ~}|yyl g|s~}hgcel" eg bgschg~j |ag ~}gc/c hg y} jd ja ng c el gy yl ag g cc laa g g c ga clb bg} sh!

+H}g H+gb~}j" l ha~l}lssga~l aj~g}l cjol" ~}g ~|~~h h ~l}ohah ha|sj" aja ch shg w|lbbj lw|htgbla~l gbb+g~~|gbl ojal~g" bg bh}g" ga/cel sl lshs~l 79! y g}jb g -Hht}g-" }hdl}h~g yl}c gbbg ohs|}g nh ylsj%bg bhmm}g( ha |sj dhaj g aja ojb~h nlclaah dg!

Hbb|s~}hg}aj j}g m}ltlola~l H+lblacj nlb ~l}ohah cel ch ha~l}ls/sgaj 0 ~}g th}kjbl~~l sjaj }hyj}~g~l bl nldhahvhjah }lyl}h~l s|h tjcg/mjbg}hj nlbb+L}cjbgah!

Ctg~}la %w|g~~}haj(6 -ga~hcgola~l hb w|g~~}haj l}g |ag yhc/cjbg ojal~g nh }g}al c el tg bla w| g~ ~} j mg fj cc eh -0 l | sg ~j k la l} gb /ola~l 3 7 yb|}gbl!

Ls!6 b+l yh n+ ctg~}la %l yhlaj nh w|g~~}hah(!} g dg~ nh ctg~}la %sh l g}}hcceh~j(// Sjbn %sjbnj(6 -ojal~g ng chaw|l cla~lshoh nhbh}g-!Ls!6 g a+j |a sjbn ce+l sml~g ha cb+l~g} %aja eg hb mlccj nh |a

w|g~~}haj(b+g ctg~g} s|bch %e g w| g~ ~} j s jb nh " l |a yjtl}gcchj(

Mgh jc e % mgh jcc j( 6 -oj al ~g ng c haw| l c la ~l sh oh -! G b ogs ce h/bl eg h~ shkahdhcg~l nh -ngag}j-" gb dloohahbl l |sg~j lja hb shkahdhcg/~j nh -ojal~g ol~gbbhcg-!

Ls!6 cb|cgbl f+ l y h n +m gh c( le %w |l bb j b h l }hcl g sdjang~j(b+g hacj}g bg mghjcg has l mhktgbb %eg galj}g Hg ojal~g nh

43

ol~gbbj s|bb+jomlbhcjb(/ Stgavh %stgavhcel(6 -ojal~g g|s~}hgcg nl' tgbj}l nh slnhch

mghjcceh yja~hdhch-0 l |sg~j sjbj gb }agscehbl yb|}gbl ln ha d}gsh yg} !!~hcjbg}}ala~l ladg~hcel!

Ls!6 | htj nh sthbahh7 %j cc j} }l oj b~ j n la g} j h(b+l j a c e+ H+ g nh s t g a v h % l |a j oj b~j ng ag }j sj (Yltg' %ygjbj(6 -ojal~g ng nhln mghjcceh" 9 nhln sjbnh" nlkbh

s~g~h nlbbg cehlsg-!Ls!6 | ht4 nh yltgbb %jccj}}l ojb~j ngag}j' (

}a+g nl~ ce+H+g dg~ lbh %}ah egaaj nl~~j cel sh l g}/}hcceh~j(

M|bla %mjbjkahaj( 36 -ga~hcs ojal~g mjbjkalsl ng slh w|g~/~}hah cjahg~g ngb 7787 gb 747

3!6 | a tl b |a m|bla' %aja tgbl a|bbgb(hm|bla ha+l }ag' gmgs~g 97 nlag}j aja mgs~g ogh(Ng|l} %nlag}j(6 thlal |sg~j sjb~ga~j yl} hanhcg~l |aj nlh

w|g ~~ }j s loh nl bkh jc j n lb bl c g} ~l!Ls!6 l sl~ n+ngal} 7+4 l sl~ ml b %h bsl ~~ l n h n ga g} h l hb sl~~l mlbbj(

g ol~ 7g c }lcg n+ngal} %nhcehg}j bg c}hccg g nlag}h(Yl} w|ga~g }hk|g}ng bl |ah~g nh ohs|}g nlbbg ojal~g ha ch}cjbg/

vhjal" al sgag g~~|gbola~l ha |sj n|l ln lsg~~g}ala~l6

5 Aja l n +g cc j} nj c ja 7 g ~ }g n|v hj al n g~ g n gb b+L }c jb gah " D ! M ! Y} g~ lb bg c elsj~~j hb ~h~jbj -~la~g~hth l~hojbckhch- gddl}og6 R%-M|blha- ? Sjbnj! SlcjanjYgjbj Mgbn}g~h ng -jmjbhaj-" Sl cja nj g b~ }h l c ja oh aj }l y }jm gm hb h~ g" n g -m jb /b ha j- % mh cc jb j mj bb g n gb bg d j} og }j ~j an g l c jol } al ~g bb j h oy }l ss g" m jb bg ~j( l~ ga ~j o laj ng -m jb jk ah aj- " oj al ~g t hb l n h M jb jk ag l nh t gb j} l g dd hal g b -m |/blha- }jogkajbj! h Yj lsh l" ag }}g vh jah l ~ }g nh vh jah y jy jb g}h h a ] jo gk ag "Yg}~l T" a" 73


30/89

4> YG] L SLCJANG6 OJ]DJBJKHG// L d }g ac e 9 7 d}gacj( cel cj}}hsyjanl gbbg bh}g h~gbhgag0

Ls!6 |a d}gace %|ag bh}g( olb d}lace %ohbbl bh}l(/ L sc|n %79 sc|nj( lel cj}}hsyjanl g chaw|l bh}l h~gbhgal!

Ls!6 tla~ sc|n %cla~j bh}l( v la~ sc |n % ch aw| lcl a~ j b h}l (

S^]GDJ^^LAVG 8G dg v nh 5~E shomla ce+g a sj y|bln}gg tjh thtg} l olan 2bsyl~nh l~g}6ng ml} l ng ogkal} hoha ng ~j~0

thtg 79 ojanj g nhsyl~~j nh ~j~'G c}hng~ ce+g oh tjfg ~4 nl ojany}+gtl} yg}n| b+goj} n+|a tgkgmjan0g c }h ng~ ce +g } ah t jf g nhs yl }l }y} +gt l} yg} n| b +g oj} n+| a sgk|}l!G tjh ganl} g s~l+ g Kl}|sgblo"yg} c|o ygkah g tjh bg bgag l l s470yg} c|oygkah g tjhbg bgag l l s47"c|a ceh ce+|o yl} g ol tjh dl} b+goj}!

C GT LF G C GOYGA LA G 79L dg ha~ l vhb l sylchg bg og~lagl v g h as b g m} jcg |s sl a~ ch }b l} b +| sl b"

8 K! AG]NH" Cga~h yjyjbg}h }jogkajbh" D gl av g" D }g ~l bb h B lk g L n! " 7 8;


31/89

44 YG] ^L SLCJANG6 OJ]DJBJKHG GKKL+ ^HTJ W\GBbDdCG HTJ 4;klal}l nhtl}sl0

E klal}l nlb ajol yhbh thchaj ln hb a|}al}j shakjbg}l" gmmg/s~gavg d}lw|la~l}al a~ l albbg bh ak|g yg}bg ~g"

== ! Nlcbhagvhjal nlbb+gkkl~~htj w|gbhdhcg~htj!Yl} bg dj}ogvhjal nlb dl}aohahbl l nlb yb|}gbl" H+gkkl~~htj w|gbh/

dhcg~htj slk|l }lkjbl ojb~j shohbh g w|lbbl nlh sjs~ga~hth!

=9 9 B+gkkl~~htj!B+gkkl~~htj l bg yg}~l nlb nhscj}sj cel sh gkkh|akl gb sjs~ga~htj

l y|j lssl }l 6

Dj}ogvhjal nlb dloohahbl!H H dl }a oh ah bl n lk bh g kk l~ ~h th w |g bh dh cg ~h th sh dj}og ngb ogscehbl sl/

cjanj bl slk|l a~ h }lkjbl6g( sl hb ogscehbl ~l}ohag yl} cjasjaga~l" gkkh|aklanj bg nlsh/

a ca vg - !!g - 'h!w|gbhdh cg~htj" sl hanhcg |ag w|gbh~g nlb sjs~ga~htj0

!qq n l~l}ohag~htl" sl al nl~l}ohag ha w|gbcel ojnj hb shkahdhcg~l! L

Gyyg}~lakjaj g w|l s~g sl cjang lg ~lkj}h g6/ kbh gkkl~~hth yjsslsshth0

kbh gkkl~~hth nhojs~}g~hth0! !! k bh g kk l~ ~h th a |ol }g bh 0

kbh gkkl~~hth hanldhah~h0k bh g kkl ~~ ht h h a~ l} }jk g~ hth l n l sc bg og ~h th !

m( sl hb }agscehbl ~l}o hag cja tjcgbl gccla~g~g" gkkh|aklanj bgn ls ha la vg -/ ng -!

L s! 6 d| }~ |a l %dj}~|ag~l(y| bh % y|b h~ j(

d |} ~| al ng % dj }~ |a g~ g(y| bh ng %y |b h~ g(

=7! Gkkl~~htj w|gbhdhcg~htj!B+gkkl~~htj w|gbhdhcg~htj cjacj}ng" ha klal}l l a|ol}j" cja E

s js~ ga ~h tj g b W| gb l sh } hd l} hs cl "Sl sh }hdl}hscl g yhbh aj}ah " b +gkkl~~h tj gss|ol6

Dj}ogvhjal nlb yb|}gbl!Gacel yl} kbh gkkl~~hth tgbl bg s|nnhthshjal ha chaw|l nlcbhag/

vhjah" cja bl }lbg~ htl cbgssh!Bg dj}ogvhjal nlb yb|}gbl gtthlal slcjanj bl slk|la~h }lkjbl6

// hb klal}l nlh ajoh ln hb a|ol}j yb|}gbl" sl haj}ah sjaj nlb bgs~lssj klal}l6

q hb klal}l ogscehbl ln HH a|ol}j yb|}gbl" sl hajoh sjaj nha Cjol yl} hsjs~ga~hth" gacel yl} kbh gkkl~~hth tgbkjaj bl }lkjbl yg}~hcjbg}hla|achg~l g ~ cg y! 7=" y|a~h g" m" c!L s! 6 l k| fl s~ g % lk jh s~ g(

gbhkg} %gbblk}j(vala %yhccjbj(

lk|fls~g %lkjhs~g(gbhk}g %gbblk}g(valag %yhccjbg(

K]GNH NLBB +GKKL^ HTJ W\GB7DHCG bTJ 48


32/89

45 YG] L SLCJANG"+ OJ]DJBJKHGg( hbogscehbl yb|}gbl sh j~~hlal ngb shakjbg}l slcjanj bl s~lssl

}l kg bl la| ac hg~ l yl } hsjs~ga~hth0m( hb dl}aohahbl yb|}gbl sh j~~hlal ngb dloohahbl shakjbg}l sjs~h/

~|lanj Hg nlshalavg -/g- cja bg nlshalavg -2h-!

L5!6 l cgtgb H+l yh g dj}~ cel l s|}ag} %hb cgtgbbj l yh| dj}~l nlb/b+gshaj(

~l ~+sh yhj bla~ n+|ag ~}lvg %~| sch yh| Hla~j nh |ag ~}lkkhg(

L5!6 lbh" hb~" lb~g" lb~h %gb~j(gol} " gol } " gol}g" g}al}h %gog}j(gdgmhb" gdlmhb" gdgmhbg" gdgmhbh %gddgmhbl(y}ja~" y}ja~" y}ja~g" y}ja~h %y}ja~j(m | s" m | s" m|sg" m|sh %mgcg~j(

HH cjoyg}g~htl nh }ahaj}gavg sh dj}og cja Hl cj}}lbg~htl -ogace! !! cel-" -ogace !!! c ~+ - !

L5!6 l m}jv H+l ogace Hjake cel l cg} %hb mh}}jcchj l olaj H|a/kj nlb ybg|s~}j(

l bjx b+l ogace dl}jv nbg ~hk}g %E b |yj l olaj dl}jcl nlbbg~hk}l(

=3! K}gnh nlbb+gkkl~~htj w|gbhdhcg~htj!H k}gnh nlbb+gkkl~~htj w|gbhdhcg~htj" lsg~~gola~l cjol albbg

b hak |g h ~gb hgag " sj a g ~ }l 6// yjsh~htl" sl lsy}hol sl}aybhcl}ala~l bg w|gbh~g0/ cjoyg}g~htl" sl lsy}h}al bg w|gbh~g cga yg}gkjal0 y|j lssl}l6

nh ogkkhj}gavg" nh ohaj}gavg nh |k|gkbhgavg0/ s|yl}bg~htl" sl lsy}hol bg w|gbh~g gb ogsshoj k}gnj0 Y\ W lssl/}l6 gssjb|~j" sl aja s~gmhbhscl gbc|a cjad}ja~j" 9 }l bg~ htl " sl h o/ybhcg |a+hnlg nh yg}gkjal!

Hb cjoyg}g~htl nh |k|gkbhgavg sh dj}og cja Hl yg}~hclbbl -cjog !!! -" - !!! l tga~ gn !!! - " - !!! c|o ygkag !!! - !

Ls!6 7g b ht}g 7+4 tlbjvg cjog l sd|boha %Hg bly}ll tlbjcl cjol hbd|b}ahal(

F|sld H+l d|}m ltga~ gn ~l %Kh|slyyl l d|}mj w|ga~g ~l(K}gnj s|yl}bg~htj!

Hb s|yl}bg~htl !gssjb|~j S 7 d j} og al h s lk|l a~ h ojn h6! ! gkkh|aklanj gbhg -}gnhcl j}hkhag}hg- nlbb+gkkl~~htj hb s|ddhs/

sj - / %qs|o- %}a! yh! -2ls|o" d!s! -2lsog-" d! yb! -2lsoh-(!

K}gnj cjoyg}g~htj!Hb cjoyg}g~htj nh ogkkhj}gavg sh dj}og cja Hl cj}}lbg~htl -yhj

!!! cel-" -yhj !!! n+- 7=!

Ls!6 m|als|o ng mja %m|jaj(c g~ htls |o n g c g~ ht % cg ~~ htj (gb~ls|o ng lb~ %gb~j(mbls|o ng ml b %mlbbj(vahals|o ng vala %yhccjbj(s ~| yh nl s|} a n g s~ jy hn %s ~|y hn j(

K}gnj yjsh~htj!Hanhcg bg w|gbh~g ln l }gyy}lsl}h~g~j ngbb+gkkl~~htj sloybhcl"

W|gbl sh ~}jtg s|b tjcgmjbg}hj!

ol~~lanj gccga~j gbb+gkkl~~htj gb k}gnj yjsh~htj |a gttl}mhjj b jc| vh jal gt tl }m hg bl" nh ohs |} g % -m ga gs l- " -| ag og sg- ("7= N|l sjbh gkkl~~hth yjssjaj dj}og}l hb cjoyg}g~htj nh ogkkhj}gavg ol/

nhga~l nlcbhagvhjal6o lh %ohkbhj}l_ ng mja %m|jaj( 9m}lt %m}gtj(yl~ %ylkkhj( ng cg~ht %cg~~htj(

Ls!6 mgagsl d|}~|al %ojb~j dj}~|ag~j(hka|}ga~ |ag ogsg %jb~}l}ajnj hkaj}ga~ l(

/ }hyl~lanj n|l tjb~l b+gkkl~~htj jyy|}l gkkh|aklanjth |a sl/


33/89

Ls!6 mlb mlb %mlbbj mlbbj(mgkal ol}v %mgkag~j d}gnhchj(

Hb s|yl}bg~htl }lbg~htl sh dj}og ga~lyjalanj gag dj}og cjoyg/}g~htg %nh ogkkhj}gavg 9 nh ohaj}gavg( H+g}~hcjbj nl~l}ohag~htl!

;9cjanj gkkl~~htj }gddj}vg~htj!

YG]^L SLCJANG6 OJ]DJB9 KHG ;7 !KKL ^HTJ YJSSLSSHTJLs!6 lo' cga J F ohj cgal(

bg oh yhk}g %bg ohg ylcj}g(hoh cela %h ohlh cgah(gb oh yhktg} %Hl ohl ylcj}l(

Ls!6 l yhj vjtga 97 yhbb khjtgal(l ohace mja 97olaj m|jaj(Yh}h b+l l y hg vjtga nbg dgolfg %Yhl}haj l h b yh | kh jt ga l

nlbbg dgohkbhg(

l ajs~g} cg} 97 ajs~}j cg}}j(b g aj s~ }g yh ka g~ g %H g aj s~ }g yla ~j bg (hajs~g} cel} %h ajs~}h cg}}h(g b aj s~ g} yh ka g~ % Hl a js ~} l y la~ jb l(

=>! Gkkl~~htj yjsslsshtl"B+ g kk l~ ~h tj yjs sl ss ht j cj ad l} hs cl b +h nl g nh yjs sl ss j s |b s js ~g a/

~htj g7W|gbl sh }hdl}hscl l cja hb W|gbl cjacj}ng!Bg nlcbhagvhjal nlbb+gkkl~~htj yjsslsshtj l bg slk|la~l6

Bl tjch nlb yjsslsshtj nh ~l}vg yl}sjag" shakjbg}l l yb|}gbl"sgag hnla~hcel"

Ls!6 l s| m}jv %hb s|j mh}}jcchj(l s| m}jv %hb bj}j mh}}jcchj(

Shakjbg}l Yb|}gbl

Bl tjch nh y}hog l slcjang yl}sjag yb|}gbl gool~~jaj" ha ~g/b|ah cgsh" dj}ol gmm}lthg~l l y}lchsgola~l6

/ |ag dj}og cja~}g~~g" ngtga~h g tjcgbl6 -ajs~}+++" -tjs~}+ -%ogscehbl shakjbg}l" dloohahbl shakjbg}l l yb|}gbl(" -ajs~}+ - l-tjs~}+ - %}agscehbl yb|}gbl("Yl}sjag

H shakjbg}lHH shakjbg}lEH s ha k jb g} lH yb|}gblHbyb| }g blHHH yb|}gbl

Ogscehbl Dloohahbll o h bg o hl ~| b g ~ |l s| bg s|l ajs~g} b g a j s~ }gl t js ~g } bg tjs~}gl s| bg s|

Ogsceh b l Dloohah b l

h}ah gb o hh| gb ~|hs| gb s|hajs~g} gb ajs~g}htjs~g} g b t j s~ g}hs| gb s|

Ls!6 l tjs~}+|sog}la %h~ tjs~}j }jsog}haj(b g tjs ~} +gaog %b g t js ~} g ga hog (htjs~}+ gat|n %h tjs~}h ahyj~h(gb tjs~}+|}lc %h tjs~}h j}lcceh(

|ag dj}og gyjcjyg~g ngtga~h g cjasjaga~l6 -ajs~-" -ajs~g-"-a js~ -" -a js ~h - l gag bj ke h yl} b g slc ja ng y l} sja g!

Ls!6 s~gsh g l tjs~ yjs~ %s~g~l gb tjs~}j yjs~j(Bl tjch }lbg~htl gbbl ~}l yl}sjal shakjbg}h ln gbbg ~l}vg yl}sjag

yb|}gbl gool~~jaj" jb~}l gbbg dj}og ~}jacg sjy}g }hyj}~g~g" |agdj}og yhgag yl} hb sjbj klal}l dl}aohahbl %shakjbg}l6 }alfg" ~jtg"sjtg0 yb|}gbl6 olb" ~jt" sjt( alh cgsh ha c|h b+gkkl~~htj yjsslsshtjslk|l hb sjs~ga~htj c|h sh }hdl}hscl"

Cj ol gy yg }l n gb bg ~ gml bbg " sg ag n lc bh ag mh bh s jb ~ga~ j kb h gk kl ~~ hthyjsslsshth nh y}hog l slcjan g yl}sjag yb|}gbl 0 kbh gb~}h %y}hog" sl/cjang l ~l}vg yl}sjag shakjbg}l" ~l}vg yl}sjag yb|}gbl( sjaj ha/nlcbhagmhbh"

;= YG] L SLCJANG6 OJ]DJBJKHG GKKL^ HTH NHOJS^]G HTH ;3


34/89

Ls!6 g cg olfg %g cgsg ohg(ha cg sjtg %ha cgsg s|g(

B+ gkk l~ ~h tj y jss ls sh tj a ja n lt l l ss l} l y} lc ln| ~j n gb b+g} ~hc jb jnl~l}ohag~htl w|ganj l }hdl}h~j gn |a sjs~ga~htj shakjbg}l nhyg}la~lbg6 o l " yl" vlh" dhjb" atjn" ojh" og}l" lcc! 73

B+hoyhlkj nlbb+gkkl~~htj nhojs~}g~htj l gagbjkj g w|lbbj nlbbgbhak|g h~gbhgag" Sh aj~h cel bg dj}og }hyj}~g~g ~}g yg}la~lsh tg |~h/bhvvg~g ngtga~h g tjcgbl!

Ls!6 oh ol %}ahg ogn}l(s | } aj h % s| g ojk bh l(a js ~} +g at jn % aj s~ }j ah yj~ l(

Ls!6 s~l yg}kel} %w|ls~j g}g~}j(s~g kgblag %w|ls~g kgbbhag(cb+jcg %w|lbb+jcg(ceh kt la~ % w| lh k |g a~ h(

Albbl d}gsh lscbgog~htl }gk kl~ ~ht j yj ss ls sh tl y }l cln l s l} ay }lhb ajol g c|h sh }hdl}hscl" gacel alh cgsh ha c|h b+h~gbhgaj 79 gool~~l !njyj!

Ls!6 l oh dhjb' %dhkbhj ohjb(

B+gkkl~~htj nhojs~}g~htj cj}}hsyjanla~l gbb+h~gbhgaj -w|lbbj-th lal cj }a |al ola ~l |~ hb hvv g~ j yl } } ht jb kl }l b g yg} jb g g sc ja js ch |/~h l" sylssj" ha b|jkj nlbb+g}~hcjbj nl~l}ohag~htl w|ganj }hdl}h~j gdgohkbhg}h!

=

L s!6 sh a~ h" cb +j} aga ' % sl a~ h~ l" sh ka j} l b(chg njag" gtht nh s~}lv ng tlang}: %Shkaj}g" gtl~l s~}gcch

ng tlanl}l-(cgb nja %bl njaal nlbbg dgohkbhg(ceh jo ga % kb h | joh ah nlb bg dg ohk bhg (ceh mgs~l}n %h }gkgvvh(

Shakjbg}l Yb|}gblH~gbhgaj

Ogscehbl Dloohahbl Ogscehbl Dloohahblw|ls~g s~l %s~+( s~g %s~+( s~h s~gb %s~gkbh(cjnls~j/ w|lbbj ce l %lb+( chg %cb+( leh c g b % cgk b h (s~lssj/ olnlshoj s~ls s~lsg s~ls s~lsh~gbl ~l b ~lbg ~l b [h

=4! Gkkl~~hth a|ol}gbh"Kbh gkkl~~hth a|ol}gbh cjadl}hscjaj |a+hnlg nh w|ga~h~g gb sj/

s~ga~htj gb w|gbl sh }hdl}hscjaj"Sh s|nnhthnjaj albbl slk|la~h cbgssh6/ cg }n hagb h" w|g an j h anh cg aj hb a |ol} j0

! !q j} nh ag bh" w |g anj ha nh cg aj |ag yj sh vh jal a| ol} hc g0ojb~hybhcg~hth" w|ganj hanhcgaj |ag w|ga~h~g o|b~hybg nh! |a+gb~}g"

73 C ja h a joh - og og - l -m gm - b +g }~ hc jb j t g ol ss j"Ls!6 l ~| mgm %hb ~|j mgmmj(

bg ajs~}g o go g %bg ajs~}g o go og(!g( A|ol}h cg}nhagbh

Sjaj hslk|la~h6

;> YG] L SLCJANG6 OJ]DJBJKHG GKKL^ HTH A\OL]GB' ;


35/89

7 ja =8 tha~ajt= nj 39 ~ }la~g3 ~}l 37 ~}la~ja> ctg~g} 3= ~}la~gnj< vlact !!!!!!!!!! -4 sh >9 ctg}ga~g; sl~ ctg~j}k %ctg~j}ns( 79= vla~lnj7< ctlak %ctlans( 9 q 974 s l k %slns( =9 9 n|sla~7; nhssl~ 399 ~g}sla~75 hnj~ >99 ctg~g}vla~78 vagt


36/89

m( A|ol}gbh j}nhagbh!Sgag6 cln|~ g l slk|h~ g ng a|}al}h cg}nhagbh 6

H Y}l}aHH skjanEH ~l}vHT ctlb nh ctg~g} %ltl}~(

T ctlb nh vlact %ltla~(TH ltl_ nh sh %sls~(THH ctlb nh sl~

Ls!6 ^}l yl}~ sj}g tha~ctg~g} %~}l tla~hw|g~~}lshoh" ~}l yg}~h s|tla~hw|g~~}j(

c( A|ol}gbh ojb~hybhcg~hth!SJNJ hslk|la~h6

C ctlb nh vla~ %vga~ls|o(O ltl} nh o lb % }ah b ls|o(

sloyh %sloybhcl(njyh %njyyhj(g' ~} l tjb~ %~}hybl(

Sjbj h y}hoh ~}l a|}al}gbh egaag |ag dj}og y}jy}hg yl} bgd| avhjal j} nhag bl l sj aj nlc bhagm hbh cj ol k bh gkk l~~hth nl bbg }hsy l~/~ha cbgssl!

/ Kbh j}nhagbh -w|g}~j-" -w|ha~j- l -sls~j- sh hanhcgaj cja bgdj}og sjy}g }hyj}~g~g0 Hg dj}og y}jy}hg %~}g yg}la~lsh( l |sg~g nhsjbh~j cjol sjs~ga~htj dl}aohahbl shakjbg}l" gn hanhcg~l bl cbgss_scjbgs~hcel 9 Hl }ag}cl nh |a g|~jtlhcjbj! !

/ Sjbj hy}hoh n|l a|ol}gbh egaaj |ag dj}og y}jy}hg yl} bgd| avhja l ojb~hybhc g~ht g l" gb yg }h n lh t jcg mjbh nl bbl }hsy l~~htl cbgs /sh" sjaj hanlcb hagmhb h "

!q! Ngbb+j}nhagbl -~}hybj+ ha yjh" sh nltl |sg}l bg bjc|vhjal nh c|hsjy}g! Yjs shgoj gcc jo|a g}l g h a |ol} gbh ojb~hybhc g~ht h gac el hcj/shnnl~~h -a|ol}gbh cjbbl~~hth- 9 -sjs~ga~hth a|ol}gbh-6

Ls !6 bg ct l} ~g %bg w| g}~ g cbgss l" jyy| }l bg w| g}~ g og} chg(bg c tla ~g" bg s ls ~g %bg w|ha~g" bg sls ~g (

/ -Vga~ls|o- aja l |sg~j cjol a|ol}j j}nhagbl mlash cjolsjs~ga~h tj yl} hanhcg}l h b sj~~ jo |b ~hybj Rnlbb l ojal~l

Ls !6 vl act v ga~hs|} a %c haw |l c la~ls hoh(/ -Oh bls|o- l |~h bhvvg~j sjb ~ga~ j yl} hanhcg}l b+gaaj nh agsch ~g"c jol shaj ahoj n h -cEHS- %cbgssl("

5!6 gn ce+}ahbls|o g sh~: %nh cel cbgssl slh-(/ / H a|ol} h d }g vhjag} h" nh c|h kbh j }nhag bh cj s~h~|hsc jaj h~ nlaj/

ohag~g}l" sh lsy}hojaj cja Hg bjc|vhjal - !!! yl}~ sj}g !!! - y}l/

vhactlag %chaw|hag(n|vlag %njvvhag(cthanklag %w|hanhchag(tha~lag %tla~hag(~}ha~lag %~}la~hag(vha~al} %cla~haghj(

cjo l y|}l hb sjs~ga~h tj a|o l}gbl6cgyg %njyyhg njvvhag(

cel s h | sg sj bj yl} hb c ja~lkk hj nlbbl |j tg!

;5 YG] ^L SLCJANG6 OJ]DJBJKHG GKKL^^HTHHANLDbAb^b ;8


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y j c e % y j c j (~}gy %~}jyyj(|a %|a(ctlbce %w|gbcel(vl}~ja %cl}~|ah(l~g} 7< %gb~}j(

ZZ B+gkkl~~htj -l~g}- nltl lssl}l slbbg y}l y}lcln|~j ngbb+gkkl~~h/tj nhojs~}g~htj cj}}hsyjanla~l gbb +b~gbhgaj -w|lEj-!

Ls!6 cb+l~g} n l l yh|tltg %b+gb~}j khj}aj yhjtltg(ceh l~g} yg}la~ hs+l}g d g ganl g cg %kbh gb~}h yg}la~h l}g aj

gang~h g cgsg(

=;! Gkkl~~hth hanldhah~h!Kbh gkkl~~hth hanldhah~h gkkh|akjaj gb sjs~ga~htj c|h < 7 }hdl}hscjaj

|a+hnlg lb h w |ga ~h ~g" } ag ha og ah l} g kla l} hc g" aJH7 nldhah~g! Sjaj6~ga~ %~ga~j(yg}lc %yg}lccehj(~j~ %~|~~j(hkag %jkah(gasja 7> %alss|aj(

%~gbl(vl}~ %cl}~j(

Yl } kb h g kkl ~~h th h an ld ha h~ h tgb kj aj bl } lkj bl nh nlc bha gvh ja l ls yj/s~ l y l} k bh g kk l~ ~h th w| gb hd hc g~ ht h!

lscbgog~hth!albbl d}gsh lbb ~hyj ha~l}}jkg~htl ln lscbg}ag~htj l

sjaj6gce: ce-: %w|gbl: celt( gce' dg~' %celb(

%w|ga~j-( ltga~' %w|ga~jb(! ! !- +- -ce - ! 7 b+ gmhbh6 -ltg/a~- l -d6E- ha/bh gkkl~~hth gca l c sgag ol lc|ag 77" !

tlcl slk|jaj bg nlcbhagvhjal nlbbg y}jy}hg cbgssl!Ls!6 gc~ chaj l~ tls~ gfh}: dhbo egh ths~g hl}h-(

ce +4 7- %9 7; % ce l j }l sj aj -(gce }gvg n +v|tga~j ce +| hl hac|nl ~% cel }gv vg nh khjtla~|

c+l jkkhkhj}aj h(ltla ~ ctg~}la s~}jshb %w|ga~g ngag}j sch|yg~jb(dg~h }jm' %cel }lmlb(dg~ havlka ce+H+g |a schga' %cel ha~lbbhklavg eg |a |j}ajb (

Ls!6 g f 9 ~ ga ~g ce l}g n+ gtl ~ tls~ % ej ~ ga~ j y hg cl }l nh gt l}~ h t hs ~g (| hlyjce ~loy ng yl}ng} %l+l yjcj ~loyj ng yl}nl}l(vl}~g v l a ~ b+l olh yl}nbg ce+a+l ~}|tlbg %cl}~g kla}l l ol/

kbhj yl}nl}bg cel ~}jtg}bg(H b t l} mj cel y }l cln l -gasja- nltl g s|g tjb~g lssl}l y}lcln|/

~ j ng bb g y g} ~h cl bb g al kg~ htg - a- %a ja( !Ls!6 | a+g gtb| sha~h} gasjag }gsja %aja eg tjb|~l sla~h}l als/

s|ag }gkhjal(B+gkkl~~htj -~j~- }hcehlnl aj}}agbola~l b+g}~hcjbj ngtga~h g7

ajol g c|h


38/89

b g s~ gs ja % 7g s~ gk hj al (l } a l s %hb olsl(bg s~ogag %b g sl~ ~hogag(l nl %\ khj}aj(b+j}g %b+j}g(l o ha|~ %hb oha|~l(l skjan %hb slcjanj(

o lvnl %olvvjkhj}aj(l mj~ %H +|ag" hb ~jccj(l njyolvnl %h~ yjol}hkkhj(bg sl}g %H g sl}g(bg aj~ %bg aj~~l(olvgaj~ %}alvvgaj~~l(

HH! H nl nm s~ }agag %h khj}ah nlbb g sl~ ~hogag(!l Hj a b|aln h( l tlag} %hb tlal}n h(l ol} ~ %hb og}~lnh( l s gmg~ %hb sgmg~j(l o h }c tg b %hb ol}cjblnh(7g ~|mg }a khjtlnh(

g~ H }ahs nb+ga %h olsh nlbb+gaaj("hal} %klaaghj(dgm}l} %dlmm}ghj(}al}v %}ag}vj(gm} hb %gy}hbl(ogh %ogkkhl(~gka %kh|kaj(

b g nolakg %b g nj}alahcg (

blh %b|kbhj(gkjs~ %gkjs~j(sl~lo mg} %sl~~l}am}l(| ~g m g} %j ~~ jm }l (a|tl}amg} %ajtlom}l(nhvlo mg} %nhcl}am}l(

HT! Gb s~gsja nb+ga %Hl s~gkhjah nlbb +gaaj(bg y}logth}g %bg y}hogtl}g( b+gt~ja %b+g|~|aaj(7has~l %H+ls~g~l( b+hatl}ga %b+hatloj(

T! Bg s~gsja 97 cbhog(l s }l a 97 sl}laj(gb a|tgb %hl a|tjbl(ltla~ %hb tla~l(b +gctg %bg yhjkkhg(l ~hoy|}lb %h~ ~l}ayj}gbl(bg th a~ l %bg }gddhcg(b+gctgvja %H+gcw|gvvjal(

bg alt %bg altl(l kh gv %h~ kehgcchj(bg almhg %bg almmhg(b+l}cmgbla %b+g}cjmgblaj(l slce %bg shcch~g(bg ktgvg % bg }|khgng(bg m}lag J g m}hag(

l s~}lbke %hb d|bohal(l ~ja 97 ~|jaj(l sthng} %Hg klbg~g(

b+|onh~l %b+|ohnh~g(bg kgbgtl}ag %bg kgb gtl}ag(bg ~hoyls~g %b g k}ganhal(

TH! H tla~ %7 tla~h(l Ltga~ %hb bltga~l" tla~j nlbb+ls~(l sg}al} %hb }gssl}laga~l" tla~j nlbb+jtls~(!7g c |}lag %bg cj}hag" tla~j nlb s|n(bg m|}g %bg mj}g" tla~l nl' aj}n(

THH! Y}|tl}mh %y}jtl}mhj(Bg c|}lag H+l |ag mjag dhjbg"ce+bg bgsg l ~loy c|oygkag ce+H+gb ~}jtg"

Hogkal!DL]CGVHJA

Ng b y |a ~j nh t hs~ gl ~h oj bj kh cj l lthnla~l cel -cgv hja- %9 -cbg/vhja-" cjol ~}jtl s|b tjcgmjbg}hj nlbb+L}cjbgah0 }ag hj cjs} ajab+ej ogh nl~~j( l -cjbgvhjal- sjaj 7g s~lssg cjsg!

Sl hatlcl ygsshgoj gbb+gsyl~~j sloga~hcj" chjl gb sh kahd+hcg~j l ngb }lbg~htl hoyhlkj" gbbj}g b+h~gbhgaj lnhb nhgbl~~j homjccgaj n|ls~}gnl nhs~ha~l!

L+ ha|~hbl syhlkg}l cjsg sh ha~lang ha h~gbhgaj cja hb ~l}ohal -cj/bgvhjal-" 9 -y}hog cjbgvhjal- cel nh} sh tjkbhg6 ~}g~~gsh klal}hcg/ola~l nlb y}hoj ygs~j nlbbg khj}ag~g" goolssj cel ch shg w|gbc|/aj cel gacj}g cjas|og |a ygs~j }ag~~|~haj ~}g cjb j}j cel |sgajbg bhak|g h~gbhgag! H yh| hak|}kh~gaj }gyhng}ala~l |a cgddl" aja shsg mlal sl y}hog nh |sch}l nh cgsg 9 gnnh}h~~|}g gb mg}" cja H+ha~la/vhjal nh -dg} cjbgvhjal- g ol~g og~~hag~g0 ag~|}gbqla~l g mgslnh |a gb~}j cgddl %gehol" cel }hccelvvg nh dga~gshgb( l" ~|~~+gb yh|"|ag djcg cchg njbcl!

5= YG] L SLCJANG6 OJ]DJBJKHG" HOGKAbf+ 53


39/89

Og |ag cjsg l c l} ~g6 ce h g ac j} g y} jtg hby hg cl }l nh yg }bg }l h b n hg /bl~~j g~~}hm|hscl gb ~l}ohal -cgvhja- mla gb~}g shkahdhcg~l" yla/sganj gb ojola~j ha c|h -b+gvnj}g-" sla~h~j hb dhscehj -nl m|tl}-cel gaa|achg b+|b~hogvhjal nlh bgtj}h og~~|~hah albbg s~gbbg ln gc/c l} ~g~ gs h c el ~ |~ ~h hm gom ha h s hg aj ~ j} ag~ h -n g b+ lm h-" n gb b+g mm lt l/} g~ jhj n lb bl o| cc el " c ja kb h j cc eh l~ ~h l b l j} lcc eh l bg tg ~h" \ g sc h|k g}gyhngola~l l cehg}ag ~|~~h g }gccjb~g yl} hb y} ho j h oyj }~ ga~ l gy /y|a~g}ala~j nlbbg khj}ag~g!

G w|ls~g y|a~j" l w|h eg j}hkhal hb mhthj njanl H~gbhgaj l nhg/bl~~j nhtl}kjaj" ch sjaj n|l yjsshmhbh~g6 bg y}hog l w | lbb g nh -~hal cgdlbg~-" bg slcjang l w|lbb g nh -dl} cgvhja-!

Hb cgddlbg~~l thlal -mlt|~j-" sl sjbj" jyy|}l -ogakhg~j-" sl gs/"sj}mh~j ng |ag gmmjanga~l w|ga~h~g nh ygal ~gkbhg~j g dl~~l" ha |agcgyhla~l ~gvvg nh ~l}}gcj~~g! L+ }hsl}tg~j gh mgomhah" }ag sylssj ga !!cel bl njaal 79 y}ldl}hscjaj yl}cell njbcl l aja s~hojbg yg}~h/cjbg}ola~l bl ygyhbbl k|s~g~htl!

Bj s~lssj aja S 7 y|j nh}l yl} -bg cgvhja-" cel cjoy}lanl ~|~/~j chg cel y|m lssl}l ogakhg~j nh og~~hag" cga bg sjbg lscb|shjalnlb cgddlbg~~l" ~ga~+l tl}g lel njtlanj olscl}l ng ml}l g w|gbc|ajy}hog nh olvvjkhj}aj l m|jag aj}og cehlnl}l6 -gtht d g ~ cgvhja ggtht nm| l cgd+lbg~:-!

Bg -cgvhja- aj}ogbola~l cjashs~l ha |ag m|lag -m}gs|bgn+yj}ce-" bg m}gchjbg nh oghgbl" cel aja l gddg~~j bg yg }~ l b j} a/mg}l nlb s|haj cjol sh yj~}lmml l}}jalgola~l ha~lanl}l al ~ga~j !!olaj nh cg}al d}lscg" mlash l |a mlb bhs~lbbj nlbbg sylssj}l nh ch} !!cg |a nh~j }h~gkbhg~j" g slcjang nlbbl s~gkhjah" chg -l yg}sj~-" ng-bg ygavl~g- jyy|}l ng -bg cjyg n+has~l-! N|}ga~l bg cj~~|}g s|bbg-kg}nlbg-" bg k}g~hcjbg" kbh |j}ahah" sln|~h ha cl}cehj g~~j}aj -gb/b+h}jbg-" cja~}jbbgaj b+jyl}g nlbbg m}gcl ~la|~g cjs~ga~l}ala~l }gt/thtg~g cja -l vg}ayla-! Bg -m}gs|bg- thlal }htjb~g~g yh| tjb~l yl}d g} bg c |j cl }l |a hd j}ol ol a~ l s | la ~} go mh h7g \ l n j ka h tjb ~g s y} l/o|~g ~}g n|l Fl~~l nh ygal SN c |h b gs ch g kb h |o j} h k }g ss h l sg yh nh c elhb d|jcj bl dg njbj}jsg}ala~l slcl}al}l"

Bl yg}~h k}gssl sjaj yg}~hcjbg}}ala~l gyy}lvvg~l yl}cel ~l}a/

yl}gaj ha yg}~l hb sgyj}l yhccga~l nh w|lbbl ogk}l" cel ogkkhj}/ola~l egaag gssj}mh~j hb sgbl nh cjasl}tgvhjal! Gacel bg cj~laag"y}lsla~l albbl m}gchjbl nh y}jsch|~~j l nh ygacl~~g" l k}gnh~hssh}aggb ygbg~j y|}cel sh gmmhg gt|~g b+gccj}~lvvg nh ~lal}bg }htjb~g" n|/}ga~l bg cj~~|}g" ha gtga~h chjl ngbbg yg}~l nlb chjccj ha dhgool6ha ~gb ojnj 7g ogkkhj} ~loyl}g~|}g dg < 7 lel bg -cjnkg- nhtla~hslccg l c}jccga~l yl}nlanj bg s|g ~lagch~g cg}g~~l}hs~hcg!

Ha|~hbl nh}l cel Hl olvvl~~l nh ~}lmmhgaj" nh cgahag 9 n+|tg n+j}jsh st|j~gaj }gyhng}ala~l yl} ng}l |a m}ltl" ~l}ayj}galj sjbbhltj gbygbg~l ln gbbj s~jog cj yhgcltjbola~l s~hojbg~h ngag sgyhnh~g nlbchmj!

Ha ~log nh chmh yl} bg c|h cjasl}tgvhjal hb sgbl khjcg |a }|jbj ho/yj}~ga~l" aja tg nhola~hcg~j |a gb~}j ~hyj nh -cgvhja- gmmgs~gavgd} lw |l a~ l al bbl }h khn l og~ ~h ag~ l h atl }a gb h" S h ~ }g~ ~g n lb bg s gy j} h~ hss h ! !}ag g}hakg" gcw|hs~g~g alb khj}aj nh ol}cg~j l cjasl}tg~g albbg-og~}g- gttjb~g albbg cg}~g jblg~g! Y}hog nlbbg cjas|ogvhjal bg-}lakg- thlal bhml}g~g gag }alkbhj nlb sgbl }lshn|l l olssg g c|jcl/}l s|bbg k}g~hcjbg cjol sh dg cja bg cgol0 gh }gkgvvh l cjasla~h~jb+gssgkkhj ln hb yhgcl}l nh m|~~g}l ~}g Hl Egool |ag yhccjbg yg}~lnlbbl ltla~|gbh |jtg }hatla|~l alb tl a~ }l n lb bl dl ooh al y l} s la~ h} /

al hb yhgcltjbl c}lyh~hj!Tg ng sl cel cga -bg }lakg- bl olsch~l nh thaj" khd~ gmmjanga~h !

yl} cj}amg~~l}l h}hkj}h nlbbg ~loyl}g~|}g ls~l}ag" nhtla~gaj aj/~ lt jb ola ~l yh bb d} lw |l a~ h y l} sy lk al }l s| h a gs cl }l lt la ~| gb h y} hac h/yh n+haclanhj !! ! ha~l}ah"

Hb }h~|gbl gyylag nlsc}h~~j" cel sh stjbkl gbb+ha~loj nlbbg cgsg g~/~ j} aj g bHg cg yy g nl b c goh aj " s |m hsc l w |g bc el h a~ l} }|v hj al s jb ~g a~ jn|}ga~l bg s~gkhjal ls~ h tg w|ganj kbh |j}ahah" jcc|yg~h alh bgtj}hnh g}g~|}g" aja ~j}agaj g cgsg ngh cgoyh" }ag ha~l}}joyjaj hb Hgtj/}j sjbj yl} w|lb ~ga~j cel mgs~g yl} }hdjchbbg}sh l bgschg}l }hyjsg}l|a yj+ Hl mls~hl gashoga~h l k}janga~h dhbgola~jsl mgtl ngbblag}hch"

Ha ~gbh jccgshjah" l -b+gvnj}g- cel g~~j}aj gbbl sl~~l" chjl njyj~}l/w|g~~}j j}l nh g}g~|}g" sh hacgo}ahag b|akj -bg cg}l}g- cja bg

5> YG] L SLCJANG6 OJ]DJBJKHG 5


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cls~g sj~~j hb m}gcchj" w|lbbg s~lssg cls~g nh thohah cel alb khj}ajnh ol}cg~j |sg yl} yj}~g}l ha yglsl kbh gag~}jccjbh" hy|bchah 9w|gbcel -cgyg- nh |jtg0 nla~}j bg cls~g l sj~~j |a tg}hjyha~j-d gv| bl ~ n gk b| yl - sj aj ml a s hs~ l} ag~ h hyhg~~h" hmhccehl}h" bl -~hl}l-nh ygal" bg cjyyg g hb y}jsch|~~j ng gddl~~g}l" hb dj}ogkkhj gy/ygssh~j" bg mj~~hkbhg nlb thaj!

L b g" ~ }g htgyj}h og~~|~hah cel sgbkjaj yhga yhgaj tl}sj hb chlbjln hb|cla~h -c|ngb- gyylag }htjb~g~h ng -l yg}kel}-" -b+gvnj}- cjakls~j sjblaal cj}ahachg gn gdd+l~~g}l ln g nhs~}hm|h}l bg -cgvhja- ghcj}a}alasgbh sln|~h s|bb+l}mg |ohng" ola~}l bl mls~hl" gacj}g gk/khjkg~l }ag skgachg~l l bhml}g~l nlh ~ho gah ojmhbh %-g7 vl}gb-(" g~/~ lan jaj cj a y gv hlav g b g }h y} lsg nl bb g d g~ hc g!Skg}gtblan!

SH]HALNG 74

G yl yg} cga~l} |ag cga~gg f 9 ygsl hyja~ has hsc|bce+h skelabg ngcga~ g bg aj~!G tlka g bg bjakg nh th|b"g b+j}g nh cjcb+ l nh o|}"g b+ j} g n +f g mn jb "ce+h H|s ha~ bg djfg y}l bj}an bg b ja g ce +H +l s }la g"M |} nl bg " n gy | c e+ g t +j tl s~ "g o+h schg}l l cj}"c|oygkag ce+dg b+gctg nb+hs~lce+H+ haktgvg has gb djshh J7h ~ go g } h s g so g bt h!

%KH\SLYYL MLBBJS'(

74K! MLBBJS'" N+ha~ gb ~l}" B|kl" Ln! [gbml}~h" 78;3!

H ]GCELb NH C\A^ G NLA 7;%ng -Bg \sg nh }gkelv-(

H }gkelv nh c|a~gnlag ~j} }ajh hdg m la+ylag g cg n+ha~ hs|bnls+g f gtnls ~j~ og}hnll cel gasja ygkels bg ~gsgg f g}lm yhgsl | ag o gsg !S+h s+gkbjyg n+}gkgv|bf+g n bg d lt g" n h d gs |b "ngb yg~l~" nl yga" nl tl}h"n l d |} og h s lc e l ~ |}a la 0l y}l bg~ dg 7g m|}lbg"s+| hh a ms jk ag | ag sc |n lb ghb ~j d}lsce n+sj~g g bg tgcgl ha s+tg ogh g bg mhsgcg!7+6+~ ng kb h jt ha ~ b g c gb vl ag "ngb mj~ n+tla ha~ bg cga~lag"nh y|}ce k}ls ha~ l y|}v hbngkbh gagn}+ ha~ l c|}~hb"nh l~g} yjb n+nhtl}sh dg~gce+h s+h ogkag ha~ bg yhkag~gj g s~|dl y g} ln t jb ~l ng l ycel} ha sylan |a sjbn !!!

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7; Ng Yjlshl nhgbl~~gbh nh Ogsshoj Mg}~jbh0 g c|}g nlbbg Gssjchgvhjal -Y}jBjcj+0 Mgkagcgtgbbj 78;=!

54 YG] L SLCJANG6 OJ]DJBJKbG Db[AJOH YL]SJAGB' 5;


41/89

3 B Y}jajol yl}sjagblsjkkl~~j!W|ganj eg d|avhjal nh sjkkl~~j" hb y}jajol yl}sjagbl" cel yjs/

shlnl n|l dj}ol" |ag nlmjbl ln |ag dj}~l" sh nlcbhag slcjanj Eslk|la~l y}jsyl~~j!

=8! | y}jajol"77 y}jajol l bg yg}~l tg}hg m hbl nlb nhscj}sj cel sjs~h~|hscl hb

ajol!Cjoy}lanl bl slk|la~h cg~lkj}hc6

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Dj}og Dj}og Dj}og Dj}ognlmjbl dj}~l nlmjbl dj}~l

b g g ol g aj 75=g ~l g t4 78

3g ogsce" l" | %7+( 79 h\ ( 74 =9dloo! bg %7+( hh gb %gkbh(y}jajoh yl}sjagbh0y}jaj}ah yjsslsshth0y}jajoh nhojs~}g~hth0y}jajoh hanldhah~h0y}jajoh }lbg~hth0y}jaj}ah ha~l}}jkg~hth ln lscbgog~hth!

g( Dj}og nlmjbl!Bg dj}og nlmjbl" lel l g~ jo l y} jcb h~h cg " y }l cl nl sl oy}l " s gb tjhyjceh cgsh lcclvhjagbh lblacg~h yhbh gtga~h" hbtl} mj h a ojnj dh ah ~j "

ga cel ha y }l sl avg nh | a s jk kl~ ~j l sy bh ch~ j!Yl} lssg" tgaaj }hcj}ng~l bl slk|la~h yg}~hcjbg}h~g6

39! Y}jajoh yl}sjagbh"H y}jaj}ah yl}sjagbh sjs~h~|hscjaj E ajol nlbbl yl}sjal CJbN/

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q w|ganj hb y}jajol nh H g yl}sjag shakjbg}l l nh 7g l =g yl}sj/ag yb|}gbl sjaj slk|h~h ng |a tl}mg cel hahvhg yl} -g-" sh nltl ha~l}/y j}} l | ag -f- l|djahcg0

/ w|lbbj ha c|h hb y}jajol yl}sjagbl eg d|avhjal nh sjk/kl~~j"

qw|lbb9 ha c|h lssj eg d|avhjal nh cjoyblola~j!75Gacel albbg dj}og -a|fl~g}" a|fl~}h- %ajhgb~}h / ajhgb~}l(78 Gacelalbbg dj}og -t|fl~g}" t|fl~}h- %tjhgb~}h /tjhgb~}l(=9 Gacel albbg dj}og -b|fl~g}" b|fl~}h- %bj}j(

55 YG] L SLCJANG6 OJ]DJBJKHG Y]JAJOL YL]SJAGBL SJKKL^ J 58


42/89

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q hb y}jaj}al nh 3g yl}sjag shakjbg}l ogscehbl y|j gss|ol}l ng/tga~h g cjasjaga~l Hl n|l dj}ol6

-l - w|ganj y}lclnl nh}l~~gol a~ l hbtl}mg0-|- w|ganj l slk|h~j ng |a yg}~hclbbg g ng |a gb~}j y}j}hj}al!

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m( Dj}og dj}~l!ltla~ b+g}n|s gb a|tgb %hb tla~j }gccjkbhl bl a|tjbl(g f gtla |ag dgo ce+g b+gtnla %gmmhgoj |ag dgol cel Hg tl/

nhgoj(

Sh |sg bg dj}og dj}~l ~|~~l bl tjb~l cel jccj}}l sj~~jbhalg}l b+ho/yj}~gavg nlb sjkkl~~j" }gyy}lsla~g~j ngb y}jaj}al yl}sjagbl 9w|ganj tl al shg yhbh nh |aj!

Bg y}lslavg nlb y}jajol yl}sjag~l ha dj}og dj}~l aja lsholngbb+jmmbhkj nh ol~~l}l gacel w|lbbj ha dj}og nlmjbl!P cgsh yh| d}lw|la~' ha c|h Hg dj}og dj}~l thlal |sg~g sjaj hsl/k|la~h6

!!!!! yl} lthnlavhg}l h7 sjkkl~~j6Ls!6 ol" cj}g} ha g|~j}ajmhbg: %hj" cj}}l}l Ha g|~jojmhbl:(

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w|ganj h~ y }j aj ol sj kk l~ ~j l slk|h~j ng |a y}jajol }lbg~h

g c|} h" g c|}h l g S7 sl}a yg} ha cel yjs~ %cj}}l~l" cj}}l~l lshl~l sloy}l gbbj s~lssj y|a~j(hm| h~h}g ha~ l cg} %h m| jh ~} gh aga j h b c g} }j (gb tgce gb ~h}g ha~ l yg}kel} %Hl }a|ccel ~}ghagaj b+g}g~}j(

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d|avhjal nh sjkkl~~j 0

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h~ gb hga g s h sl a~ l sc o y} l y h| d} lw |l a~ lol a~ l |~ hbh vvg }l hb -blh- yl}}h tj bk l} sh gh bl yl }sj al c| h sh nl tl }h sy l~ ~j" hb n hg bl ~~j cj a j sc l s jb j b ldj}ol -~|- l -tjh-!

S h ng nl b - ~| - gh d g}a hk bh g}h %j kk h g ac el g kb h gs cl anl a~ _6 k l} hh ~j} hvhh" ajaah" !!! '( l n gk bh go hc h" S7ng nlb -t jh - gk bh g b~} h" c hj l g bbl yl }sjal nh }hk|g}nj 9 cja c|h aja sh l ha }gyyj}~j nh gohchvhg!

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Ha w|ls~g cgsj Hg dj}og nlmjbl gss|ol b+gsyl~~j }hyj}~g~j ha ~g/mlbbg!

Yl}sjag Shakjbg}l Yb|}gblbg /g %/hg( /g %/kag(=g /~ ! /t

3g ogsce" 7 % /g b ( /hd lo}a! /bg / |q ?/ !+ q / q

Alkbh lsl}ayh cel slk|jaj sh l ha nh cg ~g g ac el b g dj }og yj sh ~ht g"jb ~}l g w |l bb g ha ~l} }j kg ~h tg " yl } ol kb hj hb b|s ~}g ~l b g ~ }g sd j} }ag vh ja ls|mh~g ngag d}gsl! Tg gkkh|a~j cel" cjol sh gt}g jccgshjal lbh }hmg/nh }l" al bbl d }g sh ha ~l }}j kg~ htl t g s l} ay }l ol ss g bg yg} ~hc lb bg ha ~l }}j /kg~htg -g- y}hog nlb tl}mj" w|gb|aw|l shg bg Zyl}sjag sjkkl~~j!

L5!6 o l g tlka o l g tlkag: %hj tlakj-(~l ~ tl a ~ lg tl a~ : %~| thlah-(74 l xl a 74 g tlab: %b|h thlal-(bhbg tla bh g tlabg: %blh thlal-(a j g ta la a j g talkag: =7 %ajh tlahgoj-(t j g tah t j g t ah t: %tjh tlah~l-(74 hxla 7 4 g tlah: %lssh tlakjaj-(7 4 g b t la 74 g tlabh: %lssl tlakjaj-(

3= 9 Y}jajol yl}sjagbl cjoyblola~j!Gacel w|ganj eg d|avhjal nh cjoyblola~j hb y}jajol yl}/

sjagbl yjsshlnl |ag dj}og nlmjbl ln |ag dj}~l0 w|lbbg nlm jbl hajb/~}l" yl} 7g ~l}vg yl}sjag shg shakjbg}l shg yb|}gbl" l nhtl}sg g slcja/ng cel sh ~} g~ ~h n h c joy bl ol a~ j n h} l~~ j %j kk l~ ~j( 9 nh cjoybl}ala/~j hanh}l~~j %nh ~l}}ahal(!

Bg }lbg~htg nlcbhagvhjal l }hyj}~g~g alb y}jsyl~~j nh ygkhag sl/k|la~l"g( Dj}og nlmjbl!

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=7 Cjo l sh y|m jssl}tg}l" bg nlshalavg tl}mgbl nlbbg y}hog yl}sjag yb|}gblyl} lddl~~j nlbbg y}lslavg nlb y}jajol yl}sjagbl lacbh~hcj sho jnhdhcg ng -la-ha -lka-!

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vhjal l bh sjkkl~~j" sh |sg ha cgs| nh cj}aybl}ala~j hanh}l~~j }l~~jchg |ag y}lyjshvhjal!

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FLs!6 n hogb g o l %nhbbl g ol " b l~ ~! 6 n ho} al bj g ol(gbm tls~ 74 %ej ths~j b|h" bl~~!6 b+ej ths~j b|h(

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84 YG]^L SLCJFHhNG6OJ]DJBJKbG Y]JAJOH ]LBG HTH 8;


46/89

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tgbhng yl} la~}gomh hklal}h ln la~}g}amh ha|ol }h " sh g h a d| av hj /al nh sjkkl~~j shg nh cjoybl}ala~j!

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=> Bl~~l}gbo la~l6 -cel kbh mgs~g yjcj-!

85 YG] L SLCJ*H*NG6 OJ]DJBJKHG Y]JAJOH HA^L]]JKG HTH LN LSCBGOG *TH 88


47/89

~h yg}b gtj y}hog =


48/89

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l sgakt %hb sgak|l(hah}|t %h al}th(hojsc| b %h o|scjbh(

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y}lchsl! ^ga~+l tl}j cel -H+gvnj}g-" w|ganj g olvvjkhj}aj %aja|a oha|~l njyj( cehgog g }gccjb~g hcjoyjala~h nlbbg dgohkbhg"|sg bl d}gsh6 -vla~ gtaha g ogkal~- jyy|}l-gtaha g ~ltbg- jyy|}lgacj}g - v l a ~ | s ogkag'-!

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Hb nhgbl~~j aja dg gbc|ag nhs~havhjal ~}g bg -ohals~}g- %ha m}jnj(l bg -ygs~g- %gsch|~~g(" yl} c|h w|ganj S 7 t|jb lssl}l y}lchsh sh nj/t}g ubh}l yh| cj}}l~~gola~l -oals~}g ha m}gn- alb y}hoj cgsj l-oals~}g sl~g- alb slcjanj"

Tjhlanj s~gmhbh}l |ag cbgsshdhcg ha j}nhal nh hoyj}~gavg l nhcjashnl}gvhjal kjn|~g" h~ y }h ol y hg ~~j y l} l cc lb bl av g l slav+gb~}jbg}+oals~}g ha m}gn-" ha m}jnj dg~~j cga cg}al nh tjbg~hbl nh cj}/~h bl % kgb bha g" cg yy jal " kg bb j" gag ~} g" ~g cc eh aj" d g} gja g( hb yh| nlbbltjb~l" jyy|}l nh w|gn}|ylns %}agavj" cgtgbbj( }ag yh| }g}gola~lyl}cel cjoyj}~g |a lsmj}sj nh nlag}j" Thlal sl}th~g ha ~gtjbg alhkhj}ah -m|jah- l chjl og}~lnh" khjtlnh l njolahcg "

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\b~hog ha j}nhal nh hoyj}~gavg l nh w|gbh~g l Hg -oals~}g ha~ lm}gn og~-" cel l bg ohals~}g nh ogk}j ng ogakhg}l nh tlal}nh! Bgygs~g l cj~~g ha gcw|g l aja scjbg~g0 g cj~~|}g cjoybl~g~g th shtl}sg |a cjanhola~j cjs~h~|h~j ng |a sjdd}h~~j" -l s|d}l~ og~-" nhsjbh jnj}h n+j}~j" chyjbbg slngaj l cg}j~g" dg~~h mjbbh}l cja yj}aj/nj}j 9 c jas l} tg nh yj ojn j} j! ^ gb tjb ~g h b ~| ~~ j t hl al cj} ay bl ~g ~jc ja w |g bc el c| cce hgh g~ g nh !d gk bh jbh bl ss g~ h g yg} ~l l sc jb g~ h" alb w| gbcgsj sh yg}bg nh -oals~}g c|a hdgs|b-!

Gacel sl jtthj" tg }hcj}ng~j cel bg -oals~}g- nh w|gb|aw|l ~hyj

79= YG] ^L SLCJANG6 OJ]DJBJKHG 793


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thlal y}jnj~~g ha cgsg ngbbl ogah nlbb+ -gvnj}g-! G ~gbl scjyj" jb~}lcel yl} bg y}jn|vhjal nlb ygal" s| nh |a gyyjsh~l gssl yjsg~jalbbg -cgom}g n+bg- %l njl albbg slcjan g s~gavg nlbbg cgsg" sh~|g~gs|b bg~g nlbb+hak}lssj jyyjs~j gEg c|chag/y}gavj" ~el l -bg cgom}gn+ha cg-( c+l -l sgce nl dhj}-" hb sgccj nlbbg dg}hag mhgacg mla gb/b ha lg ~j c ga f s |j h s ho hb h" cj a~ lala ~h - }log b- " - }h o| bl ~g- " - dg }l agn+d|}oha~ja-" -d|}}aha~ja ogcel- lcc! yl} b+gbhola~gvhjal nlkbhgahogbh!

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dg~~g gnl}h}l cja yhbh ygssg~l nh -schgn|}-! Sh ~gkbhg yjh g yhccjbl 79 /sgakel cga bg -sy}|albg-" cel gbs|j ygssgkkhj lslk|l 7g sgb ng~|}g~}g hn|l s~}g~h nh -syjhg-" h}aylnlanj cjsh" gacel ha dgsl nh cj~~|/}g" bg d|j}h|sch~g nlb }hyhlaj!

/ / - H yg sg nla - %h yg ss g~ lb bh (6 s ja j |a g oh al s~ }g ga j} ag bg yl }c elaja }hcehlnjaj b+|sj nh dg}hag! 57 hoygs~gaj hadg~~h ygal k}g~~|/khg~j" yg}ohkhgaj l |jtg l njyj gtl} j~~la|~j |a +gogbkg}ag joj/klalg sh ls~}|njaj cja H+gyyjsh~j s~g}ayj" -l s~goy nh ygsgnla-"kg}kgalb- %h kg}kgalbbh(6 bg -syjhg- l ~gkbhg~g g w|gn}l~~h!+cel tlakjaj yjh y}ls' yl} |ag y|a~g" yjsg~h s| |a -yl~ ga chg El}-ln gttjb~h g~~j}aj g |a -cgag}lb- ha ojnj ng j~~lal}l |ag ygs~g~|mjbg}l }hkg~g ~}gstl}sgbola~l!

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q -F |}chja- 9 -cgybl~ sj~- %kbh j}lccehjah 9 cgyylbbl~~h gsch|~/

79> YG] L SLCJAN!>6 OJ]DJBJKHG SKG]GTBLAN 79


50/89

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Skg}gtblan!B G A GS H+P G N +] JO G =5

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Pelliciardi, Ferdinando - Grammatica del dialetto romagnolo (1977)

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Transcript of Pelliciardi, Ferdinando - Grammatica del dialetto romagnolo (1977)