PEDRR Partnership for Environment and Disaster Risk Reduction Session 2: What is Eco-Disaster Risk...

PEDRRPEDRRPartnership for Environment and Disaster Risk ReductionPartnership for Environment and Disaster Risk Reduction

Session 2:Session 2:What is Eco-Disaster Risk Reduction?What is Eco-Disaster Risk Reduction?

Session 2.2 – Linking eco-DRR to climate change adaptation

Consultation Workshop on Ecosystem-based Disaster Risk Reduction for Sustainable Development


Where we are nowWhere we are now


OutlineOutline

PART I Managing climate risks

PART II Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA)


Climate change: rising temperaturesClimate change: rising temperatures

Source: IPCC, 2007


More climate-related disastersMore climate-related disasters

Source: GEO-4

Source: CRED/EM-DAT

More people affected by climate-related disasters, especially in developing countries

More extreme weather events


Climate change: increased vulnerability of communities to hazardsClimate change: increased vulnerability of communities to hazards

© A. Oswell/WWF-Canon

© S. Morola/IRIN

changes in livelihoods

© M. Deghati/IRIN

© M. Deghati/IRIN

ECOSYSTEM DEGRADATION

WATER AND FOOD SCARCITY

CHANGES IN LIVELIHOODS


Weather or climate?Weather or climate?

WEATHER= variability in atmospheric

conditions on a day-to-day basis

CLIMATE= long-term average weather;

global background conditions that determine weather patterns

Source: adapted from IPCC, 2007


Variability or change?Variability or change?

CLIMATE VARIABILITY= Variations in the mean state and

other statistics (i.e. occurrence of weather extremes) of the climate beyond that of individual weather events, arising from either natural causes, or human activity

CLIMATE CHANGE= change in the climate that

persists for decades or longer, arising from either natural causes or human activity

Source: adapted from IPCC, 2007; UNISDR, 2009

PEDRRPEDRRPartnership for Environment and Disaster Risk ReductionPartnership for Environment and Disaster Risk ReductionPEDRRPEDRRPartnership for Environment and Disaster Risk ReductionPartnership for Environment and Disaster Risk Reduction

PUBLIC HEALTH ECOSYSTEM SERVICESCOASTAL SYSTEMSWATER RESOURCESFORESTRYAGRICULTURE

Infectious, respiratory, water-borne, vector-bornediseases, heat

Less predictability, changing yields, changing irrigation demand, pest infestations

Forest composition,range, health &productivity

More variability in water supply, changes in waterquality/ distribution,competition

Erosion, inundation, salinisation, stress onmangroves, marshes, wetlands

Loss of habitat & species, migration

Changes in: • Precipitation• Soil evaporation, evapo-transpiration• Physical geography • Sea level• Frequency & intensity of extreme weather• Ecosystem distribution & composition

1. Managing climate risks: disasters and climate change1. Managing climate risks: disasters and climate changeClimate change impacts across sectorsClimate change impacts across sectors


Country example: Vietnam Country example: Vietnam (film screening)(film screening)

http://www.irinnews.org/film/?id=4136


Adapting to the impactsAdapting to the impacts

What climate adaptation means to you?What is climate adaptation in your daily work?


OutlineOutline

PART I Managing climate risks

PART II Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA)


Ecosystem-based AdaptationEcosystem-based Adaptation

“Integrates the use of biodiversity and ecosystem services into an overall strategy to help people adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change. It includes the sustainable management, conservation and restoration of ecosystems to provide services that help people adapt to both current climate variability and climate change.” Source: Colls et al, 2009

CLOSELY LINKED TO ECO-DRR• Reducing vulnerability and increasing resilience to both climate and non-

climate risks

• Providing additional multiple economic, social, and environmental benefits

• Recognising the role of healthy and well-managed ecosystems in supporting communities to prevent, prepare for, cope with and recover from disaster situations and the impacts of climate change


Multiple benefits from ecosystem-based adaptation Multiple benefits from ecosystem-based adaptation

Disaster risk reduction

Livelihoods and food security

Sustainable water management

Biodiversity conservation

Carbon sequestration

© M. Deghati/IRIN


EbA is an effective approach to climate change adaptationEbA is an effective approach to climate change adaptation

Readily available to the rural poor

Can be integrated into community-based adaptation

Ecosystems as natural buffers against hazard impacts are often more effective and cheaper to maintain than engineering structures, such as concrete walls

Healthy ecosystems have a greater potential to adapt to climate change themselves, and to recover more easily from extreme weather events


Principles for effective EbA strategiesPrinciples for effective EbA strategies

1. Address non-climate stresses to ecosystems (i.e. unsustainable harvests)

2. Involve local communities

3. Develop multi-partner, multi-sector strategies

4. Build upon existing good practices in natural resource management

5. Adopt adaptive management approaches

6. Integrate Ecosystem-based Adaptation with wider climate adaptation strategies (i.e. EWS, engineered infrastructure)

7. Communication and education (i.e. knowledge transfer, awareness raising)


Examples of Ecosystem-based AdaptationExamples of Ecosystem-based AdaptationSustainable river basin and wetland management: water provision and quality, water storage, flood regulation

Food security: indigenous knowledge on varieties, agrobiodiversity, agricultural

landscapes

Maintenance/restoration of mangroves and other coastal ecosystems to address coastal hazards

Management/restoration of forests and shrublands to stabilize slopes, regulate

water flows, and control wildfires

Sustainable management of grasslands and rangelands for pastoral livelihoods and resilience to drought and flooding

Protected area systems that ensure continued delivery of ecosystems services

© UNDP/SGP

© UNEP© UNEP

© UNDP/SGP

© K.Holt/IRIN

© M.Harvey/WWF-Canon

© ORMA/IUCN


Case Study analysisCase Study analysis

© Tamelander/IUCN

Sri Lanka

© apes_abroad/flickr

© IUCN/Water Programme

© TNC

Tsunami affected coasts

Papua New Guinea

Tanzania


KEY MESSAGES: Multiple benefits of ecosystem services for DRR and CCAKEY MESSAGES: Multiple benefits of ecosystem services for DRR and CCA

Ecosystems

Provide indispensable benefits: provisioning, regulating, supporting and cultural services

Reduce disaster risk in two important ways: – reduce physical exposure to hazards – increase resilience and reduce social-

economic vulnerability to hazard impacts (sustaining livelihoods, providing goods)

Provide multiple valuable services to urban settings

– water provision and treatment, hazard protection, noise reduction, climate regulation, etc.

Provide resources for local coping and recovery strategies

© M. Deghati/IRIN


KEY MESSAGES: Multiple benefits of ecosystem services for DRR and CCAKEY MESSAGES: Multiple benefits of ecosystem services for DRR and CCA

Climate change mitigation (carbon sequestration) and adaptation (hazard mitigation and livelihood resilience)

Environmental safeguards can and should be integrated in all phases of disaster management

Ecosystem-based DRR interventions, like all DRR activities, reduce but do not remove risk

EbA is closely related to ecosystem-based DRR: healthy and well-managed ecosystems in preventing, preparing for, coping with and recovering from disasters and the impacts of climate change

© M.al-Jabri/IRIN

PEDRR Partnership for Environment and Disaster Risk Reduction Session 2: What is Eco-Disaster Risk...

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