Pecutan Akhir Bio 151113

8/14/2019 Pecutan Akhir Bio 151113

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Pecutan Akhir Biology

SPM

15 November 2013


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Paper 2

Section A

5 structure

Answer all questions. 5 x 12 = 60 marks


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Q1(a)


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Q1(b)

(i) System : Reproductive system

Organ : Testis/Penis

(ii) Numerous mitochondriato generate energy to move tail

Or Have a long tail

to swim towards the ovum easily


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Q1(c)

Sperm cannot get energy

and cannot swim to reach ovum/

fertilisation cannot occur


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Q1(d)

Multicellular organisms consists ofmany cells but unicellular made up of

one cell only

Multicellular need specialised cells tocarry out different functions but

unicellular can do life function in its

own cell

The cells in multicellular is far from

environment and difficult for diffusion

but unicellular cell is nearest to

environment and easy diffusion.


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Q2(a)

(i) P: Lactase

Q: Lactose

R: Lactase-lactose complex(ii)


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Q2(b)

(i) Enzyme is highly specific. It has

specific active site to bind to specific

substrate.

Enzyme is not destroyed by the

reaction they catalysed. It can reused.


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Q2(b)

(ii) The substratemolecule representsthe key and the enzymemolecule

represents the lock

The substrate molecule binds to theactive site to form enzyme substrate

complex.

The enzyme catalyses the substrateto formproducts.

The enzyme molecule is now free to

bind to more substrate molecules


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Q2(c)

At Q, enzyme reaction is at maximumrate.

The concentration of substrate is

high.The active site of enzyme molecules

is fully occupied by substrate

molecules.The limiting factor is concentration of

enzymes.


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Q3(a)

(i) Villus

(ii) The epithelial lining is only one cell

thick.Epithelial cell have numerous

microvillus.

Each villus has a network of bloodcapillaries.


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Q3(b)

X: absorb fatty acids and glycerol/

vitamins A, D, E, K

Y: absorb glucose/ amino acids/minerals/ vitamin B, C


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Q3(c)

(i) Acts as a check pointsto control the amount of nutrients

released into blood circulatory system

(ii) P is glucose which is converted toglycogen and stored in the liver.

When blood glucose decrease,

glycogen is converted to glucose.Glucose is transported to cells to

produce energy.


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Q3(c)

(iii) Lipids are not transported to liver.

Lipids are absorbed into lacteal.

From lacteal, lipids is transportedthrough lymphatic system to blood

circulatory system.

Excess lipids stored in adipose tissue.


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Q4(a)

(i) Lymph

(ii) X does not have erythrocyte/protein

plasma compare to blood plasma


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Q4(b)

Fatty acids and glycerol diffuse into

lacteal of villi

It is transported by lymphatic systemand returned to blood circulatory

system through left and right

subclavian vein.


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Q4(c)

(i) X: Artificial active immunity

Y: Artificial passive immunity

(ii) X: To stimulate lymphocytes toproduce more antibodies to prevent

future infection

Y: To supply enough antibodies toreach the level of immunity and

destroy pathogen quickly


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Q4(c) & (d)

(iii) 1. X obtained permanent protection

but Y obtained temporary protection.

2. X does not have immediateimmunity against disease but Y has

immediate immunity against disease.

(d) HIV destroy the lymphocytes


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Q5(a) & (b)

(a) (i) Negative feedback mechanism

(ii) X: Physical

Y: Metabolic process(b) Erector muscle relax

Hair follicle lie down to trap thin air

Blood capillary expand/vasodilation

More heat release through radiation


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Q5(b) & (c)

Sweat gland secrete more sweat.Evaporation of sweat release heat.

(c) Hypothalamus stimulate adrenal

gland.

Adrenal gland secrete adrenaline to

increase metabolic rate.

More heat produced.

Body temperature increase to normal

level.


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Paper 2

Section B

4 essays

Answer any TWOquestions 2 x 20 = 40 marks


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Paper 3

Question 1

Structure question

11 constructs Answer all questions

11 x 3 = 33 marks


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Q1(a) Measuring using

numbers

Day Body length/cm

8 11

16 17

24 24

32 30


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Q1(b)(i) Observation

At MV, the RV is data(w ith un it).

Sample answer:

1. At day 8, the body length ofcockroachis 11mm.

2. At day 32, the body length of

cockcroachis 30mm.


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Q1(b)(ii)Making inference

2 criteria: Time; Growth rate

Sample answer:

1. When time is short, the growth rateis low.

2. When time is long, the growth rate is

high.


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Q1(c) Controlling variables

Variables Handle the variablesMV

Time/Day

Useintervals of eight days

beginning from the day of hatching

RV

Body length of

cockroach/

Growth rate

Measureand recordthe body

length of cockroach using a ruler/

Calculate the growth rate using

formula:

Change in body length

TimeCV

Type of insect/

Amount of food

supply

Use the same cockroach

Fix the amount of food supply


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Q1(d) Making hypothesis

When the MVincrease, the RV

increase.

The longer the MV, the longer the RV.Sample answer:

When the time increase, the body

length of cockroach increase.The longerthe time, the higherthe

growth rate of cockroach.


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Q1(e) (i) Communicating

data(Titles/Data/Calculations)

Time/day Body

length/mm

Changes in

the body

length/mm

Growth

rate/mmday-1

8 11 4 0.50

16 17 10 0.63

24 24 17 0.71

32 30 23 0.72


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Q1(e)(ii) Space, time &

relationship (Axis/Points/Shape)


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Q1(f) Interpreting data

The shape of growth curve of insect is

staircase shape.

Horizontal lines indicates zero growthwhen the insect stop growing and

vertical lines indicate the nymphs

undergo ecdysis and increase rapidly

in size during ecdysis


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Q1(g) Operation definition

Growth of cockroach is the irreversible

increasesin body length of

cockroach.

When the time increase, the body

length of cockroach increase.


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Q1(h) Predicting

The body length of cockroach is

24mm. The body length does not

changebecause the growth of insect

occur during ecdysis.


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Q1(i) Classifying

Sigmoid curve Staircase shape

FrogSnake

CricketDragon fly

Ant

Crab


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Question 2

Planning experiment

6 aspect 5 x 3 = 15

1 x 2 = 2

Total = 17 marks


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Problem statement

MV, RV, question form

Does MV affect the RV?

What is the effect of MV on the RV?Sample answer:

What is the effect of water sample

from station P, Q and R on the timetaken for the methylene blue solution

to decolourise?


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Hypothesis

MV, RV, relationship

Sample answer:

Time taken for methylene blue todecolourise in water sample from

station P is longest compare to water

sample from station Q and R.


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VariablesManipulated variable:

Water sample from different station

Responding variable:

Time taken for methylene blue solutionto decolourise

Fixed variable:

Volume of water sample/ methyleneblue solution//

Concentration of methylene blue

solution

Li t f t &


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List of apparatus &

materials

(List together )

Water sample, methylene blue

solution, reagent bottle withstopper, beaker, syringe,

stopwatch


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Procedure

1. Water samples are collected from

three different station P, Q and R.

2. The reagent bottles are labelled P, Q

and R.

3. The reagent bottles are fully filled

with 200mlof water sample.

4. Each reagent bottle is closed with

stopper.


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5. 1 ml 0.01% methylene blue solution

is measured using a syringe.

6. 1ml of methylene blue solution is

added to the base of each water

sample by using the syringe.

7. The reagent bottles are closed

quickly with the stopper. The content

of the bottles cannot be shaken.


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8. All the bottles are placed inside a

dark cupboard.

9. The stopwatch is activated.

10. The time taken for the methylene

blue solution to decolourise in water

sample is measured and recorded by

stopwatch.


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11. The experiment is repeatedagain

and the average time taken for the

methylene blue solution to

decolourise in water sample is

calculated.

12. The results is recorded in a table.


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Presentation of dataWater sample

from Station

Time taken for

methylene bluesolution to

decolourise/

minute

Level of water

pollution

P

Q

R

Pecutan Akhir Bio 151113

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