Pearson Interactive Science Seriesassets.pearsonschool.com/correlations/NY... · standards 1, 2, 6,...

A Correlation of

Pearson Interactive Science Series

© 2011

To the

New York - Intermediate Level Science Core Curriculum

Grades 6-8

Pearson Interactive Science Series © 2011 Correlated to

New York - Intermediate Level Science Core Curriculum Grades 6-8

2 SE = Student Edition TE = Teacher’s Edition M1 = Module 1, etc

INTRODUCTION

This document demonstrates how Prentice Hall’s Interactive Science Series © 2011 meets the standards and performance indicators of the New York State Intermediate Level Science Core Curriculum for grades 6 through 8. The content alignments are to the twelve modules of the Student Edition and accompanying Teacher’s Editions and are cited at the page level. References also include a number of ancillary components such as Chapter Activities and Lab Resources.

Module 1 Science Technology Module 7 Cells and Heredity Module 2 Earth’s Structure Module 8 The Diversity of Life Module 3 Earth’s Surface Module 9 Human Body Systems Module 4 Water and the Atmosphere Module 10 Introduction to Chemistry Module 5 Astronomy and Space Science Module 11 Forces and Energy Module 6 Ecology and the Environment Module 12 Sound and Light

3 pathways for learning: Reading. Inquiry. Digital. Reading - Interactive Science’s innovative write-in student edition allows students to get all of the content, interactivity, and practice they need between the covers of a single book. Inquiry - Middle Grade Interactive Science features a variety of hands-on and minds-on inquiry options to keep all your students engaged. Look for the Lab Zone triangle, which indicates it’s time for hands-on inquiry in the Teacher’s Lab Resource. Inquiry Resources include: Material Kits; STEM Activity Handbook; Scenario-Based Investigations; Inquiry Skills Activities; Chapter Activities and Projects; Virtual Labs. Digital - Middle Grade Interactive Science features a complete online digital course at MyScienceOnline.com where teachers can set up and manage their class and where students can interact online with active art simulations, directed virtual labs, animated art, and get extra help with myReadingWeb and myScienceCoach features. MyScienceOnline.com for students and teachers Student Access - Deliver science lessons to your students where they live in the digital world at MyScienceOnline.com. This "go-to" site for unique online-only activities captures students' attention, keeps them engaged, and makes science relevant. Whether in the class, at home, or on the go, your students can support and extend their learning in a medium they know and enjoy. Engaging Technology includes: My Reading Web; Untamed Science Videos; My Science Coach; Interactive Art; Planet Diary Teacher Access - MyScienceOnline.com is the “one-stop-shop” for all your planning, teaching, and assessment needs. This easy-to-manage interface offers every thing you need to manage your class, track progress, customize to your own teaching style, and most of all—reach and teach your students in new and exciting ways. Online Classroom Management includes: Access your eTeacher’s Edition anytime; set up your class online; assign homework online; customize your labs and resources with editable documents; generate tests track student progress




Table of Contents

STANDARD 1—ANALYSIS, INQUIRY, AND DESIGN ................................................. 4

STANDARD 2—INFORMATION SYSTEMS............................................................... 29

STANDARD 6—INTERCONNECTEDNESS: COMMON THEMES .................................. 31

STANDARD 7—INTERDISCIPLINARY PROBLEM SOLVING..................................... 35

STANDARD 4: THE LIVING ENVIRONMENT ........................................................... 47

STANDARD 4: THE PHYSICAL SETTING................................................................. 64




NEW YORK - INTERMEDIATE LEVEL SCIENCE CORE CURRICULUM Interactive Science Series © 2011

MODULE NUMBERS AND TITLES: Module 1: Science and Technology Module 2: Earth’s Structure Module 3: Earth’s Surface Module 4: Water and the Atmosphere Module 5: Astronomy and Space Science Module 6: Ecology and the Environment Module 7: Cells and Heredity Module 8: The Diversity of Life Module 9: Human Body Systems Module 10: Introduction to Chemistry Module 11: Forces and Energy Module 12: Sound, and Light STANDARDS 1, 2, 6, AND 7: EXPANDED PROCESS SKILLS STANDARD 1—Analysis, Inquiry, and Design - Students will use mathematical analysis, scientific inquiry, and engineering design, as appropriate, to pose questions, seek answers, and develop solutions. MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS: Key Idea 1: Abstraction and symbolic representation are used to communicate mathematically. M1.1 Extend mathematical notation and symbolism to include variables and algebraic expressions in order to describe and compare quantities and express mathematical relationships. M1.1a identify independent and dependent variables

M 1 SE/TE: 21, 26, Apply it, 21, Explore the Big Question, 21, Interactive Art, 26, Lab Zone, 26, Assess Your Understanding, 26

M1.1b identify relationships among variables including: direct, indirect, cyclic, constant; identify non-related material

M 1 SE/TE: 21, Apply it, 21

M1.1c apply mathematical equations to describe relationships among variables in the natural world

M 1 SE/TE: 45, 55, 83, 85, 91, 107, 134, 148, Apply it, 45, 91, Figure, 83, 85, Review and Assessment, 107, 148, Assess Your Understanding, 83, Do the Math, 55, 134 M 2 SE/TE: 8, 15, 37, 89, 125, 126, Figure, 8, Do the Math, 15, 37, Review and Assessment, 125, 126 M 3 SE/TE: 5, 13, 42, 118, 141, Figure, 4, 42, Do the Math, 13, 118, Review and Assessment, 141





(Continued)

(Continued) M 4 SE/TE: 21, 32, 59, 87, 97, 109, 121, 123, 127, 129, 169, 188, 197, Do the Math, 21, 59, 87, 188, Figure, 97, 127, 169, Apply it, 43, 129, Review and Assessment, 109, 197, Assess Your Understanding, 121 M 5 SE/TE: 17, 31, 48, 83, 84, 104, 135, Do the Math, 17, 48, 134, Figure, 84, 95, 104, Assess Your Understanding, 135, Apply it, 31, 138 M 6 SE/TE: 14, 24, 49, 66, 96, 109, 111, Apply it, 14, 96, Figure, 109, 111, Do the Math, 24, 49, 66 M 7 SE/TE: 59, 81, 142, Apply it, 59, Do the Math, 81, Interactive Art, 142 M 8 SE/TE: 17, 99, 103, 160, 193, 261, Do the Math, 17, 99, 160, 193, 261, Apply it, 103 M 9 SE/TE: 55, 58, 70, 89, 93, 107, 120, 129, 145, 187, Do the Math, 55, 89, 107, 145, 187, Review and Assessment, 58, 93, 129, Apply it, 120, Figure, 70, 266 M 10 SE/TE: 16, 17, 18, 19, 27, 46, 93, 111, 135, 173, 174, 189, 203, 206, 207, 221, Figure, 16, 17, 174, Review and Assessment, 189, Apply it, 18, 135, Assess Your Understanding, 19, 173, 206, 207,221, Do the Math, 27, 46, 93, 111, 203, 206 M 11 SE/TE: 10, 13, 15, 19, 20, 35, 47, 53, 54, 66, 81, 95, 99, 111, 127, 149, 205, Figure, 10, 13, 20, 54, Apply it, 53, Do the Math, 19, 47, 81, 111, 205, Assess Your Understanding, 15, 35, 47, 66, 95, Review and Assessment, 99, 127, 149 M 12 SE/TE: 14, 25, 43, 47, 69, Do the Math, 14, 43, Review and Assessment, 25, Assess Your Understanding, 43, Apply it, 47, 56, Figure, 69





Key Idea 2: Deductive and inductive reasoning are used to reach mathematical conclusions. M2.1 Use inductive reasoning to construct, evaluate, and validate conjectures and arguments, recognizing that patterns and relationships can assist in explaining and extending mathematical phenomena. M2.1a interpolate and extrapolate from data

M 1 SE/TE: 13, 45, 55, 83, 91, 134, 148, Apply it, 45, 91, Do the Math, 55, 134, Assess Your Understandings, 83, Review and Assessment, 148 M 2 SE/TE: 15, 50, 125, 126, Do the Math, 15, Apply it, 50, Review and Assessment, 125, 126 M 4 SE/TE: 6, 21. 43, 87, 121, 188, 193, Do the Math, 6, 21. 87, 121, 188, Apply it, 43 M 5 SE/TE: 31, 48, 84, 95, 138, Do the Math, 48, Apply it, 31, 138, Figure, 84, 95 M 6 SE/TE: 13, 24, 33, 66, 99, 166, 185, 190, Interactive Art, 13, Do the Math, 24, 66, 99, 166, Review and Assessment, 33, Apply it, 190 M 7 SE/TE: 56, 63, 88, 149, 157, 174, My Planet Diary, 56, Do the Math, 63, 149, 174, Apply it, 88, Review and Assessment, 157 M 8 SE/TE: 160, 193, 261, Do the Math, 160, 193, 261 M 9 SE/TE: 58, 70, 93, 129, 187, Do the Math, 187, Review and Assessment, 58, 93, 129, Figure, 70 M 10 SE/TE: 64, 93, 135, 169, 173, 180, 190, 203, 221, 222, Do the Math, 93, 169, 203, Apply it, 135, Assess Your Understandings, 173, 221, Virtual Lab, 222, Review and Assessment, 64, 190 M 11 SE/TE: 56, 81, 149, 175, 205, My Planet Diary, 56, Do the Math, 81, 205, Review and Assessment, 149, Apply it, 17irtual Lab, 175 M 12 SE/TE: 17, 83, 112, Apply it, 17, Do the Math, 83, 112





M2.1b quantify patterns and trends

M 1 SE/TE: 13, 45, 55, 83, 91, 134, 148, Apply it, 45, 91, Do the Math, 55, 134, Assess Your Understandings, 83, Review and Assessment, 148 M 2 SE/TE: 15, 50, 125, 126, Do the Math, 15, Apply it, 50, Review and Assessment, 125, 126, M 4 SE/TE: 6, 21. 43, 87, 121, 188, 193, Do the Math, 6, 21. 87, 121, 188, Apply it, 43 M 5 SE/TE: 31, 48, 84, 95, 138, Do the Math, 48, Apply it, 31, 138, Figure, 84, 95 M 6 SE/TE: 13, 24, 33, 66, 99, 166, 185, 190, Interactive Art, 13, Do the Math, 24, 66, 99, 166, Review and Assessment, 33, Apply it, 190 M 7 SE/TE: 56, 63, 88, 149, 157, 174, My Planet Diary, 56, Do the Math, 63, 149, 174, Apply it, 88, Review and Assessment, 157, M 8 SE/TE: 160, 193, 261, Do the Math, 160, 193, 261 M 9 SE/TE: 58, 70, 93, 129, 187, Do the Math, 187, Review and Assessment, 58, 93, 129, Figure, 70 M 10 SE/TE: 64, 93, 135, 169, 173, 180, 190, 203, 221, 222, Do the Math, 93, 169, 203, Apply it, 135, Assess Your Understandings, 173, 221, Virtual Lab, 222, Review and Assessment, 64, 190 M 11 SE/TE: 56, 81, 149, 175, 205, My Planet Diary, 56, Do the Math, 81, 205, Review and Assessment, 149, Apply it, 17irtual Lab, 175 M 12 SE/TE: 17, 83, 112, Apply it, 17, Do the Math, 83, 112





Key Idea 3: Critical thinking skills are used in the solution of mathematical problems. M3.1 Apply mathematical knowledge to solve real-world problems and problems that arise from the investigation of mathematical ideas, using representations such as pictures, charts, and tables. M3.1a use appropriate scientific tools to solve problems about the natural world

M 1 SE/TE: 66-69, 70-79, 100-105, 152, The Big Question, 66, Untamed Science, 66, My Science Online, 67, 71, 73, 101, Check Your Understanding, 68, My Reading Web, 68, Vocab Flash Cards, 69, Unlock The Big Question, 70, 100, Explore the Big Question, Answer the Big Question, My Planet Diary, 70, 100, Lab Zone, 70, 71, 79, 100, 104, 105, Vocabulary, 71, 101, Assess Your Understanding, 71, 79, 104, 105, Figure, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 101, 102-103, 105, Apply it, 104, Do the Math, 76, Virtual Lab, 71, Appendix A, 152

SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY: Key Idea 1: The central purpose of scientific inquiry is to develop explanations of natural phenomena in a continuing, creative process. S1.1 Formulate questions independently with the aid of references appropriate for guiding the search for explanations of everyday observations. S1.1a formulate questions about natural phenomena

M 1 SE/TE: 19, 39, 41, 57, 61, Figure, 19, 39, 57, Apply it, 41, Review and Assessment, 61 M 3 SE/TE: 57, 107, Review and Assessment, 57, Apply it, 107 M 5 SE/TE: 109, Apply it, 109 M 7 SE/TE: 50, My Planet Diary, 50 M 8 SE/TE: 126, Apply it, 126 M 9 SE/TE: 176, Apply It, 176 M 10 SE/TE: 165, 217, Assess Your Understanding, 165, 217

S1.1b identify appropriate references to investigate a question

M 1 SE/TE: 23, Do the Math, 23

S1.1c refine and clarify questions so that they are subject to scientific investigation

M 1 SE/TE: 18-20, Unlock the Big Question, 18, My Science Online, 18, 19, Lab Zone, 18, 20, Assess Your Understanding, 18, 20, Figure, 19, 20





S1.2 Construct explanations independently for natural phenomena, especially by proposing preliminary visual models of phenomena. S1.2a independently formulate a hypothesis

M 1 SE/TE: 20, 66, 112, Assess Your Understanding, 20, The Big Question, 66, 112 M 2, SE/TE: 5, 24, 28, 43, 59, 85, 135, 144, Figure, 5, 59, 135, 144, Assess Your Understanding, 43, Review and Assessment, 24, 68, Apply it, 85 M 3 SE/TE: 79, 141, Apply it, 79, Review and Assessment, 141 M 4 SE/TE: 29, 36, 70, 82, 162, 85, The Big Question, 36, 70, 162, Assess Your Understanding, 29, Figure, 185, Apply it, 82 M 5 SE/TE: 35, 42, 74, 106, 122, 159, Assess Your Understanding, 35, 42, 74, Review and Assessment, 159 M 6 SE/TE: 1, 9, 11, 33, 53, 174, Do the Math, 9, 11, The Big Question, 1, 11, Review and Assessment, 33, Assess Your Understanding, 53 M 7 SE/TE: 40, 55, 130, 162, 170, 171, 186, The Big Question, 40, Assess Your Understanding, 55, 130, 162, 171, Apply it, 170 M 8 SE/TE: 8, 36, 95, 119, 130, 210, Figure, 8, 119, 210, Assess Your Understanding, 95, Review and Assessment, 130 M 9 SE/TE: 11, 88, 176, 193, 271, Figure, 11, 88, Apply it, 176, Assess Your Understanding, 193, 271 M 10 SE/TE: 209, Apply it, 209 M 11 SE/TE: 28, 66, 104, 203, The Big Question, 28, 66, 104, Apply it, 203 M 12 SE/TE: 39, Assess Your Understanding, 39

S1.2b propose a model of a natural phenomenon

M 1 SE/TE: 92-99, My Science Online, 93, 95, 97, Unlock The Big Question, 92, Explore the Big Question, Answer the Big Question, My Planet Diary, 92, Lab Zone, 92, 93, 95, 99, Vocabulary, 93, Assess Your Understanding, 93, 95, 99, Figure, 94, 96, 98, 99, Do the Math, 95, Interactive Art, 97





S1.2c differentiate among observations, inferences, predictions, and explanations

M 1 SE/TE: xxiii-3, 4-9, Big Ideas of Science, xxiii, The Big Question, xx, Untamed Science, xx, My Science Online, 1, 5, 11, 15, 19, 21, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2, Vocab Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 4, My Planet Diary, 4, Lab Zone, 4, 9, Vocabulary, 5, Assess Your Understanding, 9, Figure, 5, 6, 7, Do the Math, 7, 23, Virtual Lab, 8, Interactive Art, 9

S1.3 Represent, present, and defend their proposed explanations of everyday observations so that they can be understood and assessed by others.

M 1 SE/TE: 18-27, My Science Online, 19, 21, Unlock The Big Question, 18, Explore the Big Question, 26, Answer the Big Question, 26, My Planet Diary, 18, Lab Zone, 18, 20, 26, 27, Vocabulary, 19, Assess Your Understanding, 20, 26, 27, Figure, 19, 22, 25, 27, Apply it, 21, Do the Math, 23, Virtual Lab, 24

S1.4 Seek to clarify, to assess critically, and to reconcile with their own thinking the ideas presented by others, including peers, teachers, authors, and scientists.

M 1 SE/TE: 16-17, Interactive Art, 16, Apply it 17, Lab Zone, 17, Assess Your Understanding, 17

Key Idea 2: Beyond the use of reasoning and consensus, scientific inquiry involves the testing of proposed explanations involving the use of conventional techniques and procedures and usually requiring considerable ingenuity. S2.1 Use conventional techniques and those of their own design to make further observations and refine their explanations, guided by a need for more information. S2.1a demonstrate appropriate safety techniques

M 1 SE/TE: 100-105, 152, Unlock The Big Question, 100, My Science Online, 101, 105, My Planet Diary, 100, Lab Zone, 100, 104, 105, Vocabulary, 101, Assess Your Understanding, 104, 105, Figure, 101, 102, 105, Apply it, 104, Appendix A, 152





S2.1b conduct an experiment designed by others

M 1 SE/TE: Inquiry Warm-up, 4, 10, 18, 38, 442, 48, 52, 70, 80, 88, 92 Lab Investigation, 26, 57, 91, 123 Quick Lab, 9, 13, 17, 20, 27, 41, 43, 45, 47, 51, 55, 59, 71, 79, 83, 87, 89, 93, 95, 99, 104, 105, 1129, 121, 131, 133, 136, 139, 141, 143, 145 M 2 SE/TE: Inquiry Warm-up, 4, 10 18, 32, 44, 48, 52, 58, 62,, 76, 80, 86, 102, 110, 118, 134, 138, 146, Lab Investigation, 21, 57, 85, 117, 120, 143 Quick Lab, 7, 9, 11, 17, 19, 34, 39, 43, 47, 50, 53, 56, 61, 65, 79, 81, 83, 91, 103, 105, 109, 113, 115, 123, 137, 145, 149, 151 M 3 SE/TE: Inquiry Warm-up, 4, 10, 18, 24, 38, 46, 52, 66, 70, 89, 90, 104, 110, 116, 120, 123, 128 Lab Investigation, 27, 49, 69, 113, 120 Quick Lab, 5, 9, 13, 15, 17, 21, 23, 39, 43, 45, 51, 54, 55, 67, 72, 79, 82, 85, 89, 93, 105, 107, 109, 115, 117, 181, 123, 127, 132, 134, 139 M 4 SE/TE: Inquiry Warm-up, 4, 10, 18, 24, 40, 46, 54, 60, 74, 78, 84, 90, 96, 100, 118, 122, 126, 132, 140, 150, 166, 174, 184, 190 Lab Investigation, 9, 57, 95, 155, 171 Quick Lab, 5, 7, 13, 15, 17, 20, 23, 27, 29, 43, 45, 51, 53, 59, 63, 76, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 89, 91, 97, 99, 102, 107, 119, 121, 123, 125, 129, 131, 135, 147, 149, 157, 149, 152, 173, 175, 183, 186, 189, 195 M 5 SE/TE: Inquiry Warm-up, 4, 10, 18, 22, 28, 32, 46, 52, 62, 78, 82, 88, 94, 102, 110 126, 132, 136, 142, 148, 154 Lab Investigation, 17, 65, 85, 131 Quick Lab, 7, 9, 13, 19, 21,24, 27, 31, 35, 47, 49, 51,56, 58, 61, 63, 67, 79, 81, 93, 95, 101, 103, 109, 115, 127, 131, 133, 135, 139, 141, 144, 147, 151, 153, 157 M 6 SE/TE: Inquiry Warm-up, 4, 10, 18, 28, 42, 50, 58, 68, 72, 86, 92, 98, 102, 108, 128, 134, 142, 152, 160, 178, 186 Lab Investigation, 7, 49, 97, 137, 185 Quick Lab, 5, 9, 14, 17, 20, 24, 27, 31, 44, 51, 57, 67, 71, 75, 89, 91 94, 99, 101, 105, 107, 110, 113, 117, 129, 133, 139, 141, 146, 149, 153, 155, 159, 165, 167, 184, 193, 195, 197, 201





(Continued) (Continued) M 7 SE/TE: Inquiry Warm-up, 4, 12, 22, 28, 44, 50, 56, 74, 80, 86, 92, 108, 114, 118, 134, 140, 146, 152, 166, 176, 180 Lab Investigation, 11, 53, 85, 111, 139, 175, Quick Lab, 5, 7, 19, 21, 23, 27, 33, 46, 49, 55, 57, 63, 76, 79, 83, 88, 91, 95, 97, 113, 117, 120, 123, 136, 142, 145, 151, 155, 171, 179, 181, 183 M 8 SE/TE: Inquiry Warm-up, 4, 14, 22, 26, 40, 46, 56, 66, 84, 90, 100, 110, 118, 124, 138, 142, 148, 154, 158, 174, 180, 186, 206, 216, 224, 244, 252, 262, 270 Lab Investigation, 13, 52, 105, 153, 187, 215, 275 Quick Lab, 7, 10, 17, 19, 21, 25, 29, 43, 45, 48, 55, 60, 63, 65, 69, 73, 86, 89, 92, 95, 99, 107, 109, 111, 117, 120, 123, 127, 139, 141, 143, 147, 156, 157, 163, 178, 179, 182, 185, 195, 211, 218, 223, 227, 230, 233, 249, 251, 254, 258, 261, 263, 269, 271, 279 M 9 SE/TE: Inquiry Warm-up, 4, 10, 18, 36,44, 50, 66, 74, 80, 86, 102, 108, 114, 124, 138, 148, 154, 170, 178, 186, 190, 196, 214, 220, 228, 236, 240, 258, 264, 272, 278 Lab Investigation, 12, 55, 85, 105, 143, 180, 216, 263 Quick Lab, 9, 15, 17, 25, 38, 40, 43, 47, 49, 54, 67, 73, 77, 79, 81,89, 91, 103, 10, 112, 113, 117, 123, 126, 127, 141, 147, 150,153, 157, 159, 173, 177, 185, 188, 189, 193, 195, 200, 203, 218, 219, 223, 226, 227, 232, 235, 237, 239, 243, 245,247, 262, 269, 271, 273, 275, 277, 281 M 10 SE/TE: Inquiry Warm-up, 4, 8, 14, 20, 40, 48, 56, 72, 88, 96, 106, 124, 130, 138, 146, 162, 170, 182, 198, 204, 212, 218 Lab Investigation, 19, 50, 91, 137, 203 Quick Lab, 7, 11, 13, 17, 22, 25, 29, 42, 44, 47, 62, 55, 57, 61, 76, 79, 82, 85, 87, 95, 98, 105, 108, 113, 129, 133, 135, 140, 142, 145,147, 151, 165, 169, 173, 179, 181, 184, 187, 201, 206, 211, 214, 217, 221, 223





(Continued) (Continued) M 11 SE/TE: Inquiry Warm-up, 4, 8, 16, 32, 36, 44, 52, 56, 70, 76, 84, 92, 108, 114, 120, 136, 140, 144, 158, 166, 174, 182, 196, 200, 206, 212, 218 Lab Investigation, 11, 40, 87, 109, 137, 181, 197 Quick Lab, 7, 13, 15, 19, 21, 33, 35, 43, 45, 47, 51, 55, 57, 59, 73, 75, 79, 81, 83, 91, 95, 97, 113, 116, 119, 123, 125, 139, 143, 147, 160, 165, 168, 169, 173, 176, 184, 185, 199k 203, 205, 208 209, 211, 213, 215, 217, 221, 223, 225 M 12 SE/TE: Inquiry Warm-up, 4, 10, 16, 34, 40, 46, 50, 54, 68, 69, 72, 80, 98, 104, 110, 118, 122 Lab Investigation, 19, 41, 83, 103 Quick Lab, 6, 9, 13, 15, 21, 23, 36, 39, 43, 45, 49, 53, 57, 69, 71, 73, 79, 85, 87, 101,105, 109, 114, 117, 121, 125

S2.1c design and conduct an experiment to test a hypothesis

M 1 SE/TE: 20, 66, 112, Assess Your Understanding, 20, The Big Question, 66, 112 M 2 SE/TE: 5, 24, 28, 43, 59, 85, 135, 144, Figure, 5, 59, 135, 144, Assess Your Understanding, 43, Review and Assessment, 24, 68, Apply it, 85 M 3 SE/TE: 79, 141, Apply it, 79, Review and Assessment, 141 M 4 SE/TE: 29, 36, 70, 82, 162, 85, The Big Question, 36, 70, 162, Assess Your Understanding, 29, Figure, 185, Apply it, 82 M 5 SE/TE: 35, 42, 74, 106, 122, 159, Assess Your Understanding, 35, 42, 74, Review and Assessment, 159 M 6 SE/TE: 1, 9, 11, 33, 53, 174, Do the Math, 9, 11, The Big Question, 1, 11, Review and Assessment, 33, Assess Your Understanding, 53 M 7 SE/TE: 40, 55, 130, 162, 170, 171, 186, The Big Question, 40, Assess Your Understanding, 55, 130, 162, 171, Apply it, 170 M 8 SE/TE: 8, 36, 95, 119, 130, 210, Figure, 8, 119, 210, Assess Your Understanding, 95, Review and Assessment, 130





(Continued) (Continued) M 9 SE/TE: 11, 88, 176, 193, 271, Figure, 11, 88, Apply it, 176, Assess Your Understanding, 193, 271 M 10 SE/TE: 209, Apply it, 209 M 11 SE/TE: 28, 66, 104, 203, The Big Question, 28, 66, 104, Apply it, 203 M 12 SE/TE: 39, Assess Your Understanding, 39

S2.1d use appropriate tools and conventional techniques to solve problems about the natural world, including: - measuring - observing - describing - classifying - sequencing

M 1 SE/TE: 8, 9, 14, 17, 23, 49, 79, 118, 122, 147, Figure, 8, 23, 49, 118, Assess Your Understanding, 9, 17, 79, Apply it, 14, 122, Review and Assessment, 147 M 2 SE/TE: 7, 23, 33, 40, 47, 55, 60, 63, 93, 112, 114 148, Figure, 33, 40. 53, 55, 60, 63, 112, 114 148, Assess Your Understanding, 7, 47, Review and Assessment, 23, 93, 94 M 3 SE/TE: 7, 29, 38, 40, 57, 72, 84, 95, 106, 120, 123. 126, 127, 132, 133, 141, 142, Figure, 7, 38, 40, 84, 95, 106, 126, Assess Your Understanding, 43, 72, 123, 127, 132, Review and Assessment, 29, 57, 105, 141, 142, Apply it, 133 M 4 SE/TE: 7, 9. 16, 31, 63, 65, 95, 109, 119, 125, 133, 135, 137, 139, 172, 183, Figure, 7, 16, 95, 119, 133, 172, Assess Your Understanding, 9, 63, 125, 135, 137, 139, 183, Review and Assessment, 31, 65, 109, Apply it, 26 M 5 SE/TE: 11, 12, 69-70, 80, 85, 86, 114, 131, 159, 160, Figure, 11, 12, 80, Review and Assessment, 69-70, 159, 160, Assess Your Understanding, 85, 131, Art in Action, 86, Apply it, 114 M 6 SE/TE: 9, 29, 33, 34, 55, 147, 156, 203, Assess Your Understanding, 9, Art in Motion, 29, Review and Assessment, 33, 34, 203, Figure, 55, 147, 156 M 7 SE/TE: 7, 24, 27, 35, 46, 48, 63, 66, 89, 109, Figure, 7, 24, 48, 89, Assess Your Understanding, 27, 63, Review and Assessment, 35, 66, Apply it, 46, Art in Motion, 69





(Continued) (Continued) M 8 SE/TE: 24, 48, 52, 60, 63, 69, 75, 117, 129, 141, 150, 182, 197, 210, 212. 226, 230, 257, 281, Figure, 48, 52, 117, 150, 212, 210, 226, 230, 255, 257, Assess Your Understanding, 60, 63, 69, Review and Assessment, 75, 129, 197, 281, Apply it, 24, 141, 182 M 9 SE/TE: 14, 16, 20, 27, 39, 46, 73, 75, 84, 93, 105, 129, 130, 143, 161, 185, 188, 198, 205, 218, 225, 226, 231, 237, 250, 267, 276, 284, Figure, 14, 16, 20, 39, 46, 84, 75, 105, 143, 182, 188, 225, 231, 237, 267, 276, Assess Your Understanding, 218, Review and Assessment, 27, 93, 129, 130, 161, 205, 250, 284, Apply it, 71, 185, 198, 226, 238, Art in Motion, 219 M 10 SE/TE: 7, 22, 31, 63, 86, 103, 116, 150, 153, 154, 181, 180, 189, 202, 215, Figure, 86, 215, Assess Your Understanding, 7, 22, 150, 181, Review and Assessment, 31, 63, 116, 153, 154, 189, Apply it, 103, 180, Interactive Art, 202 M 11 SE/TE: 37, 214, Art in Motion, 37, Figure, 214 M 12 77, 79, 81, 109, 116, 120, 121, 125, Figure, 77, 79, 81, 116, Assess Your Understanding, 109, 121, 125, Review and Assessment, 25, 89, 127, Apply it, 109

S2.2 Develop, present, and defend formal research proposals for testing their own explanations of common phenomena, including ways of obtaining needed observations and ways of conducting simple controlled experiments. S2.2a include appropriate safety procedures


S2.2b design scientific investigations (e.g., observing, describing, and comparing; collecting samples; seeking more information, conducting a controlled experiment; discovering new objects or phenomena; making models)






S2.2c design a simple controlled experiment


S2.2d identify independent variables (manipulated), dependent variables (responding), and constants in a simple controlled experiment

M 1 SE/TE: 21, 22, 27, Apply it, 21, Assess Your Understanding, 22, 27, M 2 39, Assess Your Understanding, 39, M 3 45, Apply it, 45, M 7, 54, Figure, 54, M 10 61, 175, 211, 226, Do the Math, 61, Figure, 175, Assess Your Understanding, 211, Review and Assessment, 226, M 11 40, 62, 99, 188, 227, Apply it, 40, Review and Assessment, 62, 99, 188, 227

S2.2e choose appropriate sample size and number of trials


S2.3 Carry out their research proposals, recording observations and measurements (e.g., lab notes, audiotape, computer disk, videotape) to help assess the explanation. S2.3a use appropriate safety procedures


S2.3b conduct a scientific investigation






S2.3c collect quantitative and qualitative data

M 1 SE/TE: xxiii-3, 4-9, Big Ideas of Science, xxiii, The Big Question, xx, Untamed Science, xx, My Science Online, 1, 5, 11, 15, 19, 21, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2, Vocab Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 4, My Planet Diary, 4, Lab Zone, 4, 9, Vocabulary, 5, Assess Your Understanding, 9, Figure, 5, 6, 7, Do the Math, 7, 23, Virtual Lab, 8, Interactive Art, 9

Key Idea 3: The observations made while testing proposed explanations, when analyzed using conventional and invented methods, provide new insights into phenomena. S3.1 Design charts, tables, graphs, and other representations of observations in conventional and creative ways to help them address their research question or hypothesis. S3.1a organize results, using appropriate graphs, diagrams, data tables, and other models to show relationships

M 1 SE/TE: 7, 23, 88-91, 92-99, Unlock The Big Question, 88, My Planet Diary, 88, 93, 95, 97, Lab Zone, 88, 91, 92, 93, 95, 99, My Science Online, 89, Vocabulary, 89, 93, Assess Your Understanding, 91, 93, 95, 99, Figure, 90, 91, 94, 96, 98, 99, Do the Math, 7, 23, 95, Apply it, 91, Interactive Art, 89, 97 M 2 SE/TE: 13, 15, 126, 140, Figure, 13, Do the Math, 15, 140, Review and Assessment, 126 M 3 SE/TE: 44, 117, 147, Do the Math, 44, Figure, 117, 147 M 4 SE/TE: 6, 21, 41, 75, 87, 93, 175, 183, Figure, 75, 41, 175, Apply it, 93, 183, Do the Math, 6, 21, 87 M 5 SE/TE: 21, 79, Do the Math, 21, Review and Assessment, 79 M 6 SE/TE: 9, 24, 99, 135, 190, Do the Math, 9, 24, 66, 99, 185, Apply it, 135, 190, Figure, 148 M 7 SE/TE: 26, 85, Do the Math, 26, Apply it, 85 M 8 SE/TE: 65, 88, 99, 122, 152, 261, 268, Do the Math, 65, 99, 152, 261, 268, Apply it, 88, 122 M 9 SE/TE: 28, 55, 76, 83, 87, 107, 129, 149, 161, 185, 189, 222, 279, Do the Math, 55, 76, 87, 107, 222, 279, Figure, 149, 189, Review and Assessment, 28, 129, 161, Apply it, 83, 185





(Continued)

(Continued) M 10 SE/TE: 16, 17, 18, 19, 27, 93, 111, 135, 173, 174, 189, 203, 206, 207, 221, Do the Math, 27, 93, 111, 203, 206, Assess Your Understanding, 19, 173, 206, 207, 221, Figure, 16, 17, 174, Review and Assessment, 189, Apply it, 18, 135 M 11 SE/TE: 14-15, 20-21, 23, 215, Interactive Art, 14, My Science Online, 15, 21, Figure, 15, 21, Review and Assessment, 15, 21, Lab Zone, 15, 21, Virtual Lab, 20, Review and Assessment, 23, Do the Math, 21 M 12 SE/TE: 14, 25, 43, 47, 56, 69, 112, Do the Math, 14, 112, Review and Assessment, 25, Assess Your Understanding, 43, Apply it, 43, 47, 56, Figure, 69

S3.1b generate and use scales, create legends, and appropriately label axes

M 1 SE/TE: 92-99, My Science Online, 93, 95, 97, Unlock The Big Question, 92, My Planet Diary, 92, Lab Zone, 92, 93, 95, 99, Vocabulary, 93, Assess Your Understanding, 93, 95, 99, Figure, 94, 96, 98, 99, Do the Math, 95, Interactive Art, 97

S3.2 Interpret the organized data to answer the research question or hypothesis and to gain insight into the problem. S3.2a accurately describe the procedures used and the data gathered

M 1 SE/TE: 16-17, 23, 66-69, 70-79, 80-87, The Big Question, 66, Untamed Science, 66, My Science Online, 67, 71, 73, 81, 85, Check Your Understanding, 68, My Reading Web, 68, Vocab Flash Cards, 69, Unlock The Big Question, 70, 80, Explore the Big Question, 86, Answer the Big Question, 87, My Planet Diary, 70, Lab Zone, 17, 70, 71, 79, 80, 83, 87, Vocabulary, 71, Assess Your Understanding, 17, 71, 79, 83, 87, Figure, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 82, 83, 86, Apply it, 17, Do the Math, 23, 76, 81, 84, Virtual Lab, 71, Interactive Art, 16, 87





S3.2b identify sources of error and the limitations of data collected

M 1 SE/TE: 23, 66-69, 70-79, 80-87, The Big Question, 66, Untamed Science, 66, My Science Online, 67, 71, 73, 81, 85, Check Your Understanding, 68, My Reading Web, 68, Vocab Flash Cards, 69, Unlock The Big Question, 70, 80, Explore the Big Question, 86, Answer the Big Question, 87, My Planet Diary, 70, Lab Zone, 70, 71, 79, 80, 83, 87, Vocabulary, 71, Assess Your Understanding, 71, 79, 83, 87, Figure, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 82, 83, 86, Apply it, Do the Math, 23, 76, 81, 84, Virtual Lab, 71, Interactive Art, 87

S3.2c evaluate the original hypothesis in light of the data

M 1 SE/TE: 24, Interactive Art, 24

S3.2d formulate and defend explanations and conclusions as they relate to scientific phenomena


S3.2e form and defend a logical argument about cause-and-effect relationships in an investigation

M 1 SE/TE: 17, 141, 147, Your Understanding, 17, Review and Assessment, 147, Apply it, 141 M 2 SE/TE: 9, 23, 67, 85, 107, 127, 153, Figure, 107, Assess Your Understanding, 9, 85, Review and Assessment, 23, 67, 127, 153, M 3 SE/TE: 45, 54, 58, 69, 93, 95, Assess Your Understanding, 45, 54, 69, 93, Review and Assessment, 58, 95, M 4 SE/TE: 31, 65, 66, 102, 110, 173, 189, 197-198,Figure, 173, Assess Your Understanding, 102, 189, Review and Assessment, 31, 65, 66, 110, 197-198, M 5 SE/TE: 17, 31, 37, 38, 51, 93, 101, 115, 117, 159, Assess Your Understanding, 17, 31, 51, 93, 101, 115, Review and Assessment, 37, 38, 117, 159, M 6 SE/TE: Assess Your Understanding, 17, 49, Review and Assessment, 34, 119, 169, M 7 SE/TE: 7, 27, 53, 66, 79, 85, 100, 126, 157, 175, Assess Your Understanding, 7, 27, 53, 79, 85, 175, Review and Assessment, 66, 100, 126, 157, M 8 SE/TE: 43, 55, 117, 129, 156, 166, 197, 218, 235, 267, Figure, 267, Assess Your Understanding, 43, 55, 117, 156, 218, Review and Assessment, 129, 166, 197, 235,





(Continued) (Continued) M 9 SE/TE: 25, 40, 57, 89, 94, 126, 140, 150, 163,200, 203, 207, 227, 262, 269, 275, 283, Figure, 140, 227, Assess Your Understanding, 25, 40, 89, 126, 150, 200, 203, 207, 262, 269, 275, Review and Assessment, 57, 94, 163, 283, M 10 SE/TE: 64, 113, 115, 133, 137, Assess Your Understanding, 113, 133, 137, Review and Assessment, 64, 115, M 11 SE/TE: 43, 83, 99, Assess Your Understanding, 43, 83, Review and Assessment, 99 M 12 SE/TE: 25, 59, Review and Assessment, 25, 59

S3.2f make predictions based on experimental data

M 1 SE/TE: 7, 23, 29, 51, 76, 91, Figure, 7, Do the Math, 23, 76, Review and Assessment, 29, Apply it, 51, Figure, 91 M 2 SE/TE: 21, 24, 43, 79, 94, 98, 108, 113, 121, 145, 149, Assess Your Understanding, 21, 43, 79, 113, Review and Assessment, 24, 94, The Big Question, 98, Figure, 108, Apply it, 121, 149, Explore the Big Question, 145 M 3 SE/TE: 29, 39, 43, 57, 62, 93, Review and Assessment, 29, 57, Figure, 29, Assess Your Understanding, 43, The Big Question, 62, Apply it, 93 M 4 SE/TE: 21, 32, 45, 47, 58, 61, 83, 95, 125, 145, 153, 157, 171, Do the Math, 21, Review and Assessment, 32, 83, 95, 157, Figure, 47, 58, 145, 171, Apply it, 61, 125, 153 M 5 SE/TE: 8, 9, 17, 20, 37, 115, 118, 131, 144, 146, 147, Figure, 8, 20, 115, Assess Your Understanding, 9, 17, 144, 147, Review and Assessment, 37, 118, Apply it, 146 M 6 SE/TE: 21, 24, 57, 74, 78, 99, 120, 169, Figure, 21, Do the Math, 24, 99, Assess Your Understanding, 57, Apply it, 74, Review and Assessment, 78, 120, 169 M 7 SE/TE: 9, 30, 31, 33, 63, 65, 77, 79, 82, 86, 99, 136, 141, Virtual Lab, 9, Figure, 30, 77, 136, 141, Apply it, 31, 79, Assess Your Understanding, 33, 63, Review and Assessment, 65, 99, Interactive Art, 82





(Continued)

(Continued) M 8 SE/TE: 31, 53, 60, 68, 69, 75, 76, 88, 120 130, 202, 218, 236, 263, 264, 267, Review and Assessment, 31, 75, 76, 130, 236, Apply it, 53, 60, 88, 218, 264, Assess Your Understanding, 120, The Big Question, 202, Figure, 263, 267 M 9 SE/TE: 13, 38, 57, 94, 105, 123, 129, 150, 162, 198, 254, Art in Motion, 13, Interactive Art, 38, Review and Assessment, 57, 94, 129, 162, Assess Your Understanding, 105, 123, Apply it, 150, 198, The Big Question, 254 M 10 SE/TE: 21, 51, 55, 58, 59, 63, 73, 82, 83, 87, 110, 116, 127, 142, 145, 186, 214, 216, 217, 225, Figure, 21, 51, 58, 73, 214, 216, Assess Your Understanding, 55, 59, 82, 87, 110, 145, Review and Assessment, 63, 116, 225, Apply it, 83, 127, 186, 217, Do the Math, 142 M 11 SE/TE: 14, 18, 35, 43, 47, 59, 81, 82, 83, 147, 168, 176, 178, 188, 211, 214, 227, Interactive Art, 14, Figure, 18, 43, 147, 178, 214, Assess Your Understanding, 35, 47, 59, 83, 168, Do the Math, 81, 176, Apply it, 82, 211, Review and Assessment, 188, 227 M 12 SE/TE: 8, 9, 37, 49, 70, 94, 101, 112, 114, Apply it, 8, Assess Your Understanding, 9, 101, 114, Figure, 37, 49, Virtual Lab, 70, Explore the Big Question, 94, Do the Math, 112





S3.2g suggest improvements and recommendations for further studying

M 1 SE/TE: 105, 108, 145, 147, Figure, 105, Review and Assessment, 108, 147, Assess Your Understanding, 145 M 2 SE/TE: 93, 122, Review and Assessment, 93, Real World Judgment, 122 M 3 SE/TE: 17, 30, 55, 95, Assess Your Understanding, 17, Review and Assessment, 30, 95, Real World Judgment, 55 M 4 SE/TE: 7, 11, 22, 32, 131, 158, Assess Your Understanding, 7, 131, 158, Figure, 11, 22, Review and Assessment, 32, M 5 SE/TE: 61,106, 109, 112, Assess Your Understanding, 61, Figure, 106, Apply it, 109, Virtual Lab, 112 M 6 SE/TE: 116, 120, 137, 141, 146, 161, 184, Explore the Big Question, 116, Review and Assessment, 120, Assess Your Understanding, 137, 141, 184, Apply it, 161, M 7 SE/TE: 149, 185, Figure, 149, Review and Assessment, 185 M 8 SE/TE: 8, 127, 130, 188, Assess Your Understanding, 127, Review and Assessment, 130, Interactive Art, 188 M 9 SE/TE: 9, 130, 247, 250, Assess Your Understanding, 9, 247, Review and Assessment, 130, 250 M 10 SE/TE: 32, Review and Assessment, 32 M 11 SE/TE: 100, 149, Review and Assessment, 100, 149 M 12 SE/TE: 117, Assess Your Understanding, 117





S3.2h use and interpret graphs and data tables

M 1 SE/TE: 88-91, Unlock The Big Question, 88, My Planet Diary, 88, Lab Zone, 88, 91, My Science Online, 89, Vocabulary, 89, Assess Your Understanding, 91, Figure, 90, 91, Apply it, 91, Interactive Art, 89 M 2 SE/TE: 15, 50, 116, 140, Do the Math, 15, 116, 140, Apply it, 50 M 3 SE/TE: 44, 47, 57, 117, Do the Math, 44, Figure, 47, 117, Review and Assessment, 57 M 4 SE /TE: 6, 21, 33, 41, 75, 82, 87, 93, 175, 188, 192, 199, Do the Math, 6, 21, 87, 188, Standardized Test Prep, 33, Figure, 41, 75, 82, 175, 192, Apply it, 93, Standardized Test Prep, 199 M 5 SE/TE: 17, 21, 31, 34, 49, 70, 91, 95, 103, 119, 140, 159, 161, 164-165, Do the Math, 17, 21, 49, 91, Apply it, 31, Figure, 34, 140, Review and Assessment, 70, 159, Interactive Art, 95, 103, Standardized Test Prep, 119, 161, Appendix A, 164-165 M 6 SE/TE: 11, 13, 24, 33, 45, 66, 96, 99, 100, 135, 171, 185, 190, 205, Do the Math, 11, 24, 66, 99, 185, Figure, 13, 45, Review and Assessment, 33, Apply it, 96, 100, 135, 190, Standardized Test Prep, 171, 205 M 7 SE/TE: 26, 36, 63, 67, 85, 149, 174, 179, Do the Math, 26, 63, 149, 174, Review and Assessment, 36, Standardized Test Prep, 67, Apply it, 85, 179 M 8 SE/TE: 17, 42, 53, 65, 88, 99, 122, 152, 268, Do the Math, 17, 65, 99, 152, 268, Figure, 42, Apply it, 53, 88, 122 M 9 SE/TE: 18, 28, 55, 58, 59, 70, 76, 85, 93, 95, 107, 115, 120, 126, 129, 130, 149, 150, 155, 161, 163, 187, 189, 194, 201, 207, 233, 271, 275, 279, 285, My Planet Diary, 18, Review and Assessment, 28, 58, 93, 129, 161, Do the Math, 55, 76, 107, 155, 187, 201, 233, 271, 275, 279, Standardized Test Prep, 59, 95, 131, 163, 207, 285, Figure, 70, 85, 115, 189, Apply it, 120, 126, 150, 194, Real-World Inquiry, 149





(Continued)

(Continued) M 10 SE/TE: 27, 33, 59, 61, 65, 93, 142, 169, 184, 190, Do the Math, 27, 61, 93, 142, 169, Standardized Test Prep, 33, 65, Figure, 59, Art in Motion, 184, Review and Assessment, 190 M 11 SE/TE: 14, 15, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 57, 81, 127, 129, 205, 215, Figure, 14, 15, Virtual Lab, 20, 21, Review and Assessment, 23, 24, 127, Standardized Test Prep, 25, 129, Do the Math, 57, 81, 205, 215 M 12 SE/TE: 37, 61, 89, Figure, 37, Standardized Test Prep, 61, Review and Assessment, 89

S3.3 Modify their personal understanding of phenomena based on evaluation of their hypothesis.

M 1 SE/TE: 42-47, My Science Online, 43, 45, Unlock The Big Question, 42, Explore the Big Question, 47, Answer the Big Question, 47, My Planet Diary, 42, Lab Zone, 41, 42, 43, 45, 47, Vocabulary, 43, 49, Assess Your Understanding, 41, 43, 45, 47, Figure, 40, 46, Apply it, 41, 45, Real World Inquiry,47

ENGINEERING DESIGN: Key Idea 1: Engineering design is an iterative process involving modeling and optimization (finding the best solution within given constraints); this process is used to develop technological solutions to problems within given constraints. T1.1 Identify needs and opportunities for technical solutions from an investigation of situations of general or social interest. T1.1a identify a scientific or human need that is subject to a technological solution which applies scientific principles

M 1 SE/TE: 132-139, My Science Online, 133, 135, 137, Unlock The Big Question, 132, Explore the Big Question, 136, Answer the Big Question, 136, My Planet Diary, 132, Lab Zone, 132, 133, 139, Vocabulary, 133, Assess Your Understanding, 133, 139, Figure, 135, 138, Apply it, 137, Do the Math, 134

T1.2 Locate and utilize a range of printed, electronic, and human information resources to obtain ideas.

M 1- M 12 SE/TE: My Science Online, My Reading Web, Real-World Inquiry, Untamed Science. Big Science Reference

T1.2a use all available information systems for a preliminary search that addresses the need

M 1- M 12 SE/TE: My Science Online, My Reading Web, Real-World Inquiry, Big Science Reference





T1.3 Consider constraints and generate several ideas for alternative solutions, using group and individual ideation techniques (group discussion, brainstorming, forced connections, role play); defer judgment until a number of ideas have been generated; evaluate (critique) ideas; and explain why the chosen solution is optimal. T1.3a generate ideas for alternative solutions






T1.3b evaluate alternatives based on the constraints of design






T1.4 Develop plans, including drawings with measurements and details of construction, and construct a model of the solution, exhibiting a degree of craftsmanship. T1.4a design and construct a model of the product or process

M 1 SE/TE: 17, 96, 102, 92-99, Apply it, 17, Figure, 96, 102, Unlock the Big Question, 92, My Planet Diary, 92, Vocabulary, 93, My Science Online, 93, 95, 96, Apply It, 95, Interactive Art, 97, Lab Zone, 92, 93, 95, 99, Assess Your Understanding, 93, 95, 99 M 2 SE/TE: 106, 119, Figure, 106, 119 M 3 SE/TE: 20, 27, 75, 123, Figure, 20, 75, Assess Your Understanding, 27, Apply it, 123 M 4 SE/TE: 83, 194, Figure, 83, Apply it, 194 M 5 SE/TE: 24, 60, 80, 155, SE/TE: 24, Apply it, 24, 60, 155, Figure, 80 M 6 SE/TE: 22, Figure, 22 M 7 SE/TE: 18, 29, 99, 143, 154, 183, Apply it, 18, 143, 183, Figure, 29, 154, Review and Assessment, 99 M 8 SE/TE: 31, 42, 58, 59, 145, Review and Assessment, 31, Figure, 42, 58, 59, Apply it, 145, M 9 SE/TE: 7, 184, 245, 260, Apply it, 7, 245, 260, Figure, 184 M 10 SE/TE: 22, 76, 172, Figure, 22, 172, Apply it, 76 M 11 SE/TE: 34, 58, 167, 170, 177, 178, 179, 202, 224, 227, Figure, 34, 58, 167, 170, 177, 178, 179, 187, 202, 224, 227, Review and Assessment, 187, 22, 227 M 12 SE/TE: 41, 59, 90, Figure, 41, Review and Assessment, 59, 90





T1.4b construct a model of the product or process

M 1 SE/TE: 17, 96, 102, 92-99, Apply it, 17, Figure, 96, 102, Unlock the Big Question, 92, My Planet Diary, 92, Vocabulary, 93, My Science Online, 93, 95, 96, Apply It, 95, Interactive Art, 97, Lab Zone, 92, 93, 95, 99, Assess Your Understanding, 93, 95, 99 M 2 SE/TE: 106, 119, Figure, 106, 119 M 3 SE/TE: 20, 27, 75, 123, Figure, 20, 75, Assess Your Understanding, 27, Apply it, 123 M 4 SE/TE: 83, 194, Figure, 83, Apply it, 194 M 5 SE/TE: 24, 60, 80, 155, SE/TE: 24, Apply it, 24, 60, 155, Figure, 80 M 6 SE/TE: 22, Figure, 22 M 7 SE/TE: 18, 29, 99, 143, 154, 183, Apply it, 18, 143, 183, Figure, 29, 154, Review and Assessment, 99 M 8 SE/TE: 31, 42, 58, 59, 145, Review and Assessment, 31, Figure, 42, 58, 59, Apply it, 145, M 9 SE/TE: 7, 184, 245, 260, Apply it, 7, 245, 260, Figure, 184 M 10 SE/TE: 22, 76, 172, Figure, 22, 172, Apply it, 76 M 11 SE/TE: 34, 58, 167, 170, 177, 178, 179, 202, 224, 227, Figure, 34, 58, 167, 170, 177, 178, 179, 187, 202, 224, 227, Review and Assessment, 187, 22, 227 M 12 SE/TE: 41, 59, 90, Figure, 41, Review and Assessment, 59, 90

T1.5 In a group setting, test their solution against design specifications, present and evaluate results, describe how the solution might have been modified for different or better results, and discuss trade-offs that might have to be made. T1.5a test a design

M 1 SE/TE: 124-131, My Science Online, 125, Unlock The Big Question, 124, My Planet Diary, 124, Lab Zone, 124, 131, Vocabulary, 125, Assess Your Understanding, 131, Figure, 125, 127, 131, Apply it, 128, Interactive Art, 130





T1.5b evaluate a design


STANDARD 2—Information Systems - Students will access, generate, process, and transfer information, using appropriate technologies. Key Idea 1: Information technology is used to retrieve, process, and communicate information as a tool to enhance learning. 1.1 Use a range of equipment and software to integrate several forms of information in order to create good-quality audio, video, graphic, and text-based presentations.

M 1- M 12 SE/TE: My Planet Diary, My Science Online

1.2 Use spreadsheets and database software to collect, process, display, and analyze information. Students access needed information from electronic databases and on-line telecommunication services.

M 1- M 12 SE/TE: My Planet Diary, My Science Online, My Science Coach, Real-World Inquiry, Big Idea, Untamed Science

1.3 Systematically obtain accurate and relevant information pertaining to a particular topic from a range of sources, including local and national media, libraries, museums, governmental agencies, industries, and individuals.

M 1- M 12 SE/TE: My Planet Diary, My Science Online, My Science Coach, Real-World Inquiry, Big Idea, Untamed Science

1.4 Collect data from probes to measure events and phenomena. 1.4a collect the data, using the appropriate, available tool

M 1 SE/TE: 66-69, 70-79, The Big Question, 66, Untamed Science, 66, My Science Online, 67, 71, 73, Check Your Understanding, 68, My Reading Web, 68, Vocab Flash Cards, 69, Unlock The Big Question, 70, Explore the Big Question, Answer the Big Question, My Planet Diary, 70, Lab Zone, 70, 71, 79, Vocabulary, 71, Assess Your Understanding, 71, 79, Figure, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, Apply it, Do the Math, 76, Virtual Lab, 71

1.4b organize the data

M1 SE/TE: 88-91, Unlock The Big Question, 88, My Planet Diary, 88, Lab Zone, 88, 91, My Science Online, 89, Vocabulary, 89, Assess Your Understanding, 89, 91, Figure, 90, 91, Apply it, 91, Interactive Art, 89





1.4c use the collected data to communicate a scientific concept


1.5 Use simple modeling programs to make predictions.


Key Idea 2: Knowledge of the impacts and limitations of information systems is essential to its effectiveness and ethical use. 2.1 Understand the need to question the accuracy of information displayed on a computer because the results produced by a computer may be affected by incorrect data entry. 2.1a critically analyze data to exclude erroneous information

M 1 SE/TE: 16-17, Interactive Art, 16, Apply it, 17, Lab Zone, 17, Assess Your Understanding, 17

2.1b identify and explain sources of error in a data collection

M 1 SE/TE: 16-17, Interactive Art, 16, Apply it, 17, Lab Zone, 17, Assess Your Understanding, 17

2.2 Identify advantages and limitations of data-handling programs and graphics programs.


2.3 Understand why electronically stored personal information has greater potential for misuse than records kept in conventional form.

NA

Key Idea 3: Information technology can have positive and negative impacts on society, depending upon how it is used. 3.1 Use graphical, statistical, and presentation software to present projects to fellow classmates.

NA

3.2 Describe applications of information technology in mathematics, science, and other technologies that address needs and solve problems in the community.

M 1 SE/TE: 132-139, My Science Online, 133, 135, 137, Unlock The Big Question, 132, Explore the Big Question, 136, Answer the Big Question, 136, My Planet Diary, 132, Lab Zone, 132, 133, 139, Vocabulary, 133, Assess Your Understanding, 133, 139, Figure, 135, 138, Apply it, 137, Do the Math, 134





3.3 Explain the impact of the use and abuse of electronically generated information on individuals and families.

M 1 SE/TE: 120-121, Figure, 120-121, My Science Online, 121, Lab Zone, 121, Assess Your Understanding, 121

STANDARD 6—Interconnectedness: Common Themes - Students will understand the relationships and common themes that connect mathematics, science, and technology and apply the themes to these and other areas of learning. SYSTEMS THINKING: Key Idea 1: Through systems thinking, people can recognize the commonalities that exist among all systems and how parts of a system interrelate and combine to perform specific functions. 1.1 Describe the differences between dynamic systems and organizational systems.


1.2 Describe the differences and similarities among engineering systems, natural systems, and social systems.


1.3 Describe the differences between open- and closed-loop systems.


1.4 Describe how the output from one part of a system (which can include material, energy, or information) can become the input to other parts.

M 1 SE/TE: 94-95, Figure, 94, Apply it, 95, My Science Online, 95, Assess Your Understanding, 95, Lab Zone, 95





MODELS: Key Idea 2: Models are simplified representations of objects, structures, or systems used in analysis, explanation, interpretation, or design. 2.1 Select an appropriate model to begin the search for answers or solutions to a question or problem.

M 7 SE/TE: 18, 29, 99, 143, 154, 183, Apply it, 18, 143, 183, Figure, 29, Review and Assessment, 99, Interactive Art, 154 M 8 SE/TE: 31, 42, 58-59, 145, Review and Assessment, Figure, 42, Interactive Art, 58-59, Apply it, 145 M 9 SE/TE: 7, 184, 245, 260, Apply it, 7, 245, 260, Interactive Art, 184

2.2 Use models to study processes that cannot be studied directly (e.g., when the real process is too slow, too fast, or too dangerous for direct observation).


2.3 Demonstrate the effectiveness of different models to represent the same thing and the same model to represent different things.

M 1 SE/TE: 92-99, My Science Online, 93, 95, 97, Unlock The Big Question, 92, My Planet Diary, 92, Lab Zone, 92, 93, 95, 99, 119, Vocabulary, 93, Assess Your Understanding, 93, 95, 99, 119, Figure, 94, 96, 98, 99, Do the Math, 95, Interactive Art, 97

MAGNITUDE AND SCALE: Key Idea 3: The grouping of magnitudes of size, time, frequency, and pressures or other units of measurement into a series of relative order provides a useful way to deal with the immense range and the changes in scale that affect the behavior and design of systems. 3.1 Cite examples of how different aspects of natural and designed systems change at different rates with changes in scale.

M 1 SE/TE: 94-99, Figure, 94, 96, 98, 99, Apply it, 95, My Science Online, 95, 97, Lab Zone, 95, 99, Assess Your Understanding, 95, 99, Interactive Art, 97

3.2 Use powers of ten notation to represent very small and very large numbers.

M 5 SE/TE: 122, 134-135, The Big Question, 122, Do the Math, 134, My Science Online, 135, Lab Zone, 135, Assess Your Understanding, 135





EQUILIBRIUM AND STABILITY: Key Idea 4: Equilibrium is a state of stability due either to a lack of change (static equilibrium) or a balance between opposing forces (dynamic equilibrium). 4.1 Describe how feedback mechanisms are used in both designed and natural systems to keep changes within desired limits.


4.2 Describe changes within equilibrium cycles in terms of frequency or cycle length and determine the highest and lowest values and when they occur.

M 4 SE/TE: 46-53, 118-119, My Science Online, 47, 53, 119, Unlock The Big Question, 46, 54, 118, My Planet Diary, 46, 118, Lab Zone, 46, 51, 53, 118, Vocabulary, 47, Assess Your Understanding, 51, 53, Figure, 47, 50, 51, 52, Apply it, 48, Interactive Art, 49, 119

PATTERNS OF CHANGE: Key Idea 5: Identifying patterns of change is necessary for making predictions about future behavior and conditions. 5.1 Use simple linear equations to represent how a parameter changes with time.






5.2 Observe patterns of change in trends or cycles and make predictions on what might happen in the future.

M 1 SE/TE: 13, 45, 55, 83, 91, 134, 148, Apply it, 45, 91, Do the Math, 55, 134, Assess Your Understandings, 83, Review and Assessment, 148 M 2 SE/TE: 15, 50, 125, 126, Do the Math, 15, Apply it, 50, Review and Assessment, 125, 126, M 4 SE/TE: 6, 21. 43, 87, 121, 188, 193, Do the Math, 6, 21. 87, 121, 188, Apply it, 43 M 5 SE/TE: 31, 48, 84, 95, 138, Do the Math, 48, Apply it, 31, 138, Figure, 84, 95 M 6 SE/TE: 13, 24, 33, 66, 99, 166, 185, 190, Interactive Art, 13, Do the Math, 24, 66, 99, 166, Review and Assessment, 33, Apply it, 190 M 8 SE/TE: 160, 193, 261, Do the Math, 160, 193, 261 M 9 SE/TE: 58, 70, 93, 129, 187, Do the Math, 187, Review and Assessment, 58, 93, 129, Figure, 70 M 10 SE/TE: 64, 93, 135, 169, 173, 180, 190, 203, 221, 222, Do the Math, 93, 169, 203, Apply it, 135, Assess Your Understandings, 173, 221, Virtual Lab, 222, Review and Assessment, 64, 190 M 11 SE/TE: 56, 81, 149, 175, 205, My Planet Diary, 56, Do the Math, 81, 205, Review and Assessment, 149, Apply it, 17irtual Lab, 175 M 12 SE/TE: 17, 83, 112, Apply it, 17, Do the Math, 83, 112

OPTIMIZATION: Key Idea 6: In order to arrive at the best solution that meets criteria within constraints, it is often necessary to make trade-offs. 6.1 Determine the criteria and constraints and make trade-offs to determine the best decision.

M 1 SE/TE: 128, Apply it, 128, Figure, 128

6.2 Use graphs of information for a decision-making problem to determine the optimum solution.






STANDARD 7—Interdisciplinary Problem Solving - Students will apply the knowledge and thinking skills of mathematics, science, and technology to address real-life problems and make informed decisions. CONNECTIONS: Key Idea 1: The knowledge and skills of mathematics, science, and technology are used together to make informed decisions and solve problems, especially those relating to issues of science/technology/society, consumer decision making, design, and inquiry into phenomena. 1.1 Analyze science/technology/society problems and issues at the local level and plan and carry out a remedial course of action.

M 1 SE/TE: 65, 64, 150, 111, Science and Society, 65, Think Like a Scientist, 64, Museum of Science, 150, Science and History, 111 M 2 SE/TE: 27, 71, 128, Science and Society, 27, Everyday Science, 71, Technology and Society, 128, M 3 SE/TE: 32, 33, 60, Science and Society, 32, Science and History, 33, Museum of Science, 60 M 4 SE/TE: 161, 201, Frontiers of Technology, 201, Think Like a Scientist, 161 M 5 SE/TE: 40, Hot Science, 40 M 6 SE/TE: 80, 172, 206, 207, Museum of Science, 80, Technology and Society, 172, 206, Frontiers of Technology, 207 M 7 SE/TE: 38, 39, 69, 160, 161, Technology and History, 38, Science and Society, 39, Hot Science, 69, Technology and Society, 161, Museum of Science, 160 M 8 SE/TE: 34, 35, 79, 169, 285, Science and Society, 79, Hot Science, 169, Think Like a Scientist, 34, Everyday Science, 35, Kids and Science, 285 M 9 SE/TE: 30, 61, 97, 132, 164, 165, 209, 252, 253, 286, 287, Technology and Society, 61, Science and Society, 165, Hot Science, 253, Frontiers of Technology, 97, 132, 287, Science and History, 209, Everyday Science, 30, 164, 252, 286 M 10 SE/TE: 67, 157, 193, Hot Science, 67, Technology and Society, 157, Everyday Science, 157, Think Like a Scientist, 193 M 11 SE/TE: 64,103, 230, 231, Science and Society, 64, Technology and History, 231, Technology and Society, 103, 230





(Continued)

(Continued) M 12 SE/TE: 62, Science and Society, 62

1.2 Make informed consumer decisions by seeking answers to appropriate questions about products, services, and systems; determining the cost/benefit and risk/benefit tradeoffs; and applying this knowledge to a potential purchase.

M 1 SE/TE: 47, 64, Explore the Big Question, 47, Technology and Society, 64 M 2 SE/TE: 71, Everyday Science, 71 M 4 SE/TE: 34, 68, Science and Society, 34, 68 M 6 SE/TE: 173, 206, Think Like a Scientist, 173, 206 M 7 SE/TE: 68, 69, Careers, 68, Hot Science, 69 M 8 SE/TE: 35, 79, Everyday Science, 35, 79 M 9 SE/TE: 96, 208, Think Like a Scientist, 96, Museum of Science Tech and Design, 208 M 10 SE/TE: 192, Museum of Science Tech and Design, 192, M 11 SE/TE: 130, 153, Museum of Science Tech and Design, 130, Everyday Science, 153 M 12 SE/TE: 92, 93, Museum of Science Tech and Design, 92, Think Like a Scientist, 93





1.3 Design solutions to real-world problems of general social interest related to home, school, or community using scientific experimentation to inform the solution and applying mathematical concepts and reasoning to assist in developing a solution.

M 1 SE/TE: 64, Technology and Society, 64 M 2 SE/TE: 27, 70, 128, Science and Society, 27, 70, Technology and Society, 128 M 3 SE/TE: 60, Museum of Science, 60 M 4 SE/TE: 34, 68, 113, Science and Society, 34, 68, Hot Science, 113 M 5 SE/TE: 121, Science and History, 121 M 6 SE/TE: 80, 122, 134-141, 172, 173, Museum of Science, 80, Think Like a Scientist, 122, 173, Technology and Society, 172 M 7 SE/TE: 4, 38, 39, 74, 108, 129, 160, 161, My Planet Diary, 4, 74, 108, Technology and History, 38, Science and Society, 39, Kids Doing Science, 129, Museum of Science, 160, Technology and Society, 161 M 8 SE/TE: 78, 132, 133, 201, Careers, 78, Everyday Science, 132, Frontiers of Technology, 133, 201 M 9 SE/TE: 31, 61, 96, 97, 132, 133, 208, 209, Hot Science, 31, Technology and Society, 61, Think Like a Scientist, 96, Frontiers of Technology, 97, 132, Think Like a Scientist, 133, Museum of Science, 208, Science and History, 209 M 10 SE/TE: 72, 156, 157, 193, My Planet Diary, 72, Careers, 156, Everyday Scientist, 157, Think Like a Scientist, 193 M 11 SE/TE: 4, 44, 64, 65,102, 103, 130, 152, 153,190, 191, My Planet Diary, 4, 44, Science and Society, 64, Hot Science, 65, Frontiers of Technology, 102, 152, Technology and Society, 103, Museum of Science, 130, Everyday Science, 153, Think Like a Scientist, 190, 191 M 12 SE/TE: 62, 63, 92, 93, Science and Society, 62, Careers, 63, Museum of Science, 92, Think Like a Scientist, 93





1.4 Describe and explain phenomena by designing and conducting investigations involving systematic observations, accurate measurements, and the identification and control of variables; by inquiring into relevant mathematical ideas; and by using mathematical and technological tools and procedures to assist in the investigation.

M 1 SE/TE: 18-27,77, My Science Online, 19, 21, Unlock The Big Question, 18, Explore the Big Question, 26, Answer the Big Question, 26, My Planet Diary, 18, Lab Zone, 18, 20, 26, 27, Vocabulary, 19, Assess Your Understanding, 20, 26, 27, Figure, 19, 22, 25, 27, 77, Apply it, 21, Do the Math, 23, Virtual Lab, 24, M 2, 39, Assess Your Understanding, 39, M 10, 23, 175, 189, 210, 226, Figure, 175, 210, Review and Assessment, 189, 226, Apply it, 23, M 11, 173, Figure, 173

STRATEGIES: Key Idea 2: Solving interdisciplinary problems involves a variety of skills and strategies, including effective work habits; gathering and processing information; generating and analyzing ideas; realizing ideas; making connections among the common themes of mathematics, science, and technology; and presenting results. 2.1 Students participate in an extended, culminating mathematics, science, and technology project. The project would require students to: - Working Effectively: Contributing to the work of a brainstorming group, laboratory partnership, cooperative learning group, or project team; planning procedures; identify and managing responsibilities of team members; and staying on task, whether working alone or as part of a group.

M 1- M 12 Chapter Activities and Projects, Interdisciplinary Activities, Scenario-Based Investigations

- Gathering and Processing Information: Accessing information from printed media, electronic data bases, and community resources and using the information to develop a definition of the problem and to research possible solutions.


- Generating and Analyzing Ideas: Developing ideas for proposed solutions, investigating ideas, collecting data, and showing relationships and patterns in the data.


- Common Themes: Observing examples of common unifying themes, applying them to the problem, and using them to better understand the dimensions of the problem.


- Realizing Ideas: Constructing components or models, arriving at a solution, and evaluating the result.


- Presenting Results: Using a variety of media to present the solution and to communicate the results.






PROCESS SKILLS BASED ON STANDARD 4 General Skills 1. follow safety procedures in the classroom and laboratory

M 1 SE/TE: 100-105, Unlock The Big Question, 100, My Science Online, 101, 105, My Planet Diary, 100, Lab Zone, 100, 104, 105, Vocabulary, 101, Assess Your Understanding, 104, 105, Figure, 101, 102, 105, Apply it, 104

2. safely and accurately use the following measurement tools: - metric ruler - balance - stopwatch - graduated cylinder - thermometer - spring scale - voltmeter


3. use appropriate units for measured or calculated values






4. recognize and analyze patterns and trends

M 1 SE/TE: 13, 45, 55, 83, 91, 134, 148, Apply it, 45, 91, Do the Math, 55, 134, Assess Your Understandings, 83, Review and Assessment, 148 M 2 SE/TE: 15, 50, 125, 126, Do the Math, 15, Apply it, 50, Review and Assessment, 125, 126, M 4 SE/TE: 6, 21. 43, 87, 121, 188, 193, Do the Math, 6, 21. 87, 121, 188, Apply it, 43 M 5 SE/TE: 31, 48, 84, 95, 138, Do the Math, 48, Apply it, 31, 138, Figure, 84, 95 M 6 SE/TE: 13, 24, 33, 66, 99, 166, 185, 190, Interactive Art, 13, Do the Math, 24, 66, 99, 166, Review and Assessment, 33, Apply it, 190 M 7 SE/TE: 56, 63, 88, 149, 157, 174, My Planet Diary, 56, Do the Math, 63, 149, 174, Apply it, 88, Review and Assessment, 157, M 8 SE/TE: 160, 193, 261, Do the Math, 160, 193, 261 M 9 SE/TE: 58, 70, 93, 129, 187, Do the Math, 187, Review and Assessment, 58, 93, 129, Figure, 70 M 10 SE/TE: 64, 93, 135, 169, 173, 180, 190, 203, 221, 222, Do the Math, 93, 169, 203, Apply it, 135, Assess Your Understandings, 173, 221, Virtual Lab, 222, Review and Assessment, 64, 190 M 11 SE/TE: 56, 81, 149, 175, 205, My Planet Diary, 56, Do the Math, 81, 205, Review and Assessment, 149, Apply it, 17irtual Lab, 175 M 12 SE/TE: 17, 83, 112, Apply it, 17, Do the Math, 83, 112

5. classify objects according to an established scheme and a student-generated scheme

M 8 SE/TE: xxiii-3, 14-21, 31-33, The Big Ideas of Science, xxiii The Big Question, xxiv, Untamed science, xxiv, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2, Vocab Flash Cards, 3, Unlock the Big Question, 14, My Planet Diary, 14, 19, Lab Zone, 14, 17, 19, 21, My Science On-Line, 1, 10, 15, Vocabulary, 15, Assess Your Understanding, 17, 19, 21, Figure, 15, 16, 17, Apply it, 21, Do the Math, 17, Interactive Art, 20, Virtual Lab, 18, Review and Assessment, 31-32, Standardized Test Prep, 33





6. develop and use a dichotomous key

M 8 SE/TE: 20-21, Interactive Art, 20-21, Lab Zone, 21, Assess Your Understanding, 21, My Science Online, 21

7. sequence events

M 1 SE/TE: 23, 49, 79, 122, 147, Figure, 23, 49, Assess Your Understanding, 79, Apply it, 122, Review and Assessment, 147 M 2 SE/TE: 23, 40, 53, 55, 63, 93, 112, Review and Assessment, 23, 93, Figure, 40, 53, 55, 63, 112 M 3 SE/TE: 7, 72, 95, 105, 120, 123, 126, 127, 132, 142, Figure, 7, 95, 126, Assess Your Understanding, 72, 123, 127, 132, Review and Assessment, 105, 142, My Planet Diary, 120 M 4 SE/TE: 9, 16, 31, 63, 65, 95, 109, 119, 172, 183, Assess Your Understanding, 9, 63, 183, Figure, 16, 95, 119, 172, Review and Assessment, 31, 65, 109 M 5 SE/TE: 11, 12, 80, 85, 86, 131, 159, Figure, 11, 12, 80, Assess Your Understanding, 85, 131, Art in Action, 86, Review and Assessment, 159 M 6 SE/TE: 29, 33, 55, 147, 156, 203, Art in Motion, 29, Review and Assessment, 33, 203, Figure, 55, 147, 156 M 7 SE/TE: 7, 35, 46, 48, 63, 66, 109, Figure, 7, 48, Review and Assessment, 35, 66, Apply it, 46, Assess Your Understanding, 63, Art in Motion, 69 M 8 SE/TE: 52, 69, 117, 129, 197, 212. 226, 255, 257, 281, Figure, 52, 117, 212, 226, 255, 257, Assess Your Understanding, 69, Review and Assessment, 129, 197, 281 M 9 SE/TE: 14, 16, 20, 27, 73, 84, 105, 130, 143, 161, 182, 185, 188, 198, 219, 225, 226, 231, 237, 250, 267, 276, 284, Figure, 14, 16, 20, 84, 105, 143, 182, 188, 225, 231, 237, 267, 276, Review and Assessment, 27, 130, 161, 250, 284, Interactive Art, 73, Apply it, 185, 198, 226, Art in Motion, 219 M 10 SE/TE: 202, Interactive Art, 202 M 11 SE/TE: 37, 214, Art in Motion, 37, Figure, 214 M 12 SE/TE: 77, 81, 120, 121 Figure, 77, 81, 120, Assess Your Understanding, 121





8. identify cause-and-effect relationships

M 1 SE/TE: 17, 141, 147, Your Understanding, 17, Review and Assessment, 147, Apply it, 141 M 2 SE/TE: 9, 23, 67, 85, 107, 127, 153, Figure, 107, Assess Your Understanding, 9, 85, Review and Assessment, 23, 67, 127, 153, M 3 SE/TE: 45, 54, 58, 69, 93, 95, Assess Your Understanding, 45, 54, 69, 93, Review and Assessment, 58, 95, M 4 SE/TE: 31, 65, 66, 102, 110, 173, 189, 197-198,Figure, 173, Assess Your Understanding, 102, 189, Review and Assessment, 31, 65, 66, 110, 197-198, M 5 SE/TE: 17, 31, 37, 38, 51, 93, 101, 115, 117, 159, Assess Your Understanding, 17, 31, 51, 93, 101, 115, Review and Assessment, 37, 38, 117, 159, M 6 SE/TE: Assess Your Understanding, 17, 49, Review and Assessment, 34, 119, 169, M 7 SE/TE: 7, 27, 53, 66, 79, 85, 100, 126, 157, 175, Assess Your Understanding, 7, 27, 53, 79, 85, 175, Review and Assessment, 66, 100, 126, 157, M 8 SE/TE: 43, 55, 117, 129, 156, 166, 197, 218, 235, 267, Figure, 267, Assess Your Understanding, 43, 55, 117, 156, 218, Review and Assessment, 129, 166, 197, 235, M 9 SE/TE: 25, 40, 57, 89, 94, 126, 140, 150, 163,200, 203, 207, 227, 262, 269, 275, 283, Figure, 140, 227, Assess Your Understanding, 25, 40, 89, 126, 150, 200, 203, 207, 262, 269, 275, Review and Assessment, 57, 94, 163, 283, M 10 SE/TE: 64, 113, 115, 133, 137, Assess Your Understanding, 113, 133, 137, Review and Assessment, 64, 115, M 11 SE/TE: 43, 83, 99, Assess Your Understanding, 43, 83, Review and Assessment, 99 M 12 SE/TE: 25, 59, Review and Assessment, 25, 59





9. use indicators and interpret results

M 1 SE/TE: 13, 45, 55, 83, 91, 134, 148, Apply it, 45, 91, Do the Math, 55, 134, Assess Your Understandings, 83, Review and Assessment, 148 M 2 SE/TE: 15, 50, 125, 126, Do the Math, 15, Apply it, 50, Review and Assessment, 125, 126, M 4 SE/TE: 6, 21. 43, 87, 121, 188, 193, Do the Math, 6, 21. 87, 121, 188, Apply it, 43 M 5 SE/TE: 31, 48, 84, 95, 138, Do the Math, 48, Apply it, 31, 138, Figure, 84, 95 M 6 SE/TE: 13, 24, 33, 66, 99, 166, 185, 190, Interactive Art, 13, Do the Math, 24, 66, 99, 166, Review and Assessment, 33, Apply it, 190 M 8 SE/TE: 160, 193, 261, Do the Math, 160, 193, 261 M 9 SE/TE: 58, 70, 93, 129, 187, Do the Math, 187, Review and Assessment, 58, 93, 129, Figure, 70 M 10 SE/TE: 64, 93, 135, 169, 173, 180, 190, 203, 221, 222, Do the Math, 93, 169, 203, Apply it, 135, Assess Your Understandings, 173, 221, Virtual Lab, 222, Review and Assessment, 64, 190 M 11 SE/TE: 56, 81, 149, 175, 205, My Planet Diary, 56, Do the Math, 81, 205, Review and Assessment, 149, Apply it, 17irtual Lab, 175 M 12 SE/TE: 17, 83, 112, Apply it, 17, Do the Math, 83, 112

Living Environment Skills 1. manipulate a compound microscope to view microscopic objects

M 7 SE/TE: 190-191, Appendix A, 190-191

2. determine the size of a microscopic object, using a compound microscope

M 7 SE/TE: 9, 11, Virtual Lab, 9, My Science Online, 9, Lab Zone, 11, Assess Your Understanding, 11

3. prepare a wet mount slide

M 7 SE/TE: 190-191, Appendix A, 190-191

4. use appropriate staining techniques

NA





5. design and use a Punnett square or a pedigree chart to predict the probability of certain traits

M 7 SE/TE: 82-83, 87, 99, 101, 141, 142, Interactive Art, 82, 142, Lab Zone, 83, Assess Your Understanding, 83, Figure, 82-83, 87, 99, 141, Review Assessment, 101, Standardized Test Prep, 139

6. classify living things according to a student-generated scheme and an established scheme

M 8 SE/TE: 20-21, Interactive Art, 20-21, Lab Zone, 21, Assess Your Understanding, 21, My Science Online, 21

7. interpret and/or illustrate the energy flow in a food chain, energy pyramid, or food web

M 6 SE/TE: 38-41, 42-49, The Big Question, 38, Untamed Science, 38, My Science Online, 39, 43, 47, Check Your Understanding, 40, My Reading Web, 40, Vocab Flash Cards, 41, Unlock The Big Question, 42, My Planet Diary, 42, Lab Zone, 42, 45, 49, Vocabulary, 43, Assess Your Understanding, 45, 49, Figure, 43, 44, Apply it, 46, Do the Math, 49, Virtual Lab, 48, Interactive Art, 47

8. identify pulse points and pulse rates

M 9 SE/TE: 110-111, Interactive Art, 110, Figure, 110

9. identify structure and function relationships in organisms

M 9 SE/TE: xxii-3, 10-17, Big Ideas of Science, xxii, The Big Question, xxiv, Untamed Science, xxii, My Science Online, 1, 11, 12, 17, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2, Vocab Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 4, 10, 18, My Planet Diary, 10, Lab Zone, 10, 12, 15, 17, Vocabulary, 11, Assess Your Understanding, 12, 15, 17, Figure, 11, Apply it, 7, 12, Art in Motion, 13

Physical Setting Skills 1. given the latitude and longitude of a location, indicate its position on a map and determine the latitude and longitude of a given location on a map

M 3 SE/TE: 14-17, Apply it, 14, 16, My Science Online, 15, 17, Lab Zone, 15, 17, Assess Your Understanding, 15, 17

2. using identification tests and a flow chart, identify mineral samples

M 2 SE/TE: 35-39, My Science Online, 35, Figure, 35, 36, 39, Do the Math, 37, Interactive Art, 38, Lab Zone, 39, Assess Your Understanding, 39

3. use a diagram of the rock cycle to determine geological processes that led to the formation of a specific rock type






4. plot the location of recent earthquake and volcanic activity on a map and identify patterns of distribution

M 2 SE/TE: 117, 135, Figure, 117, 135, My Science Online, 117, Lab Zone, 117, Assess Your Understanding, 117

5. use a magnetic compass to find cardinal directions

M 2 SE/TE: 33, Science and History, 33

6. measure the angular elevation of an object, using appropriate instruments

M 3 SE/TE: 24-27, My Science Online, 25, Unlock The Big Question, 24, Explore the Big Question, 26, Answer the Big Question, 27, My Planet Diary, 24, Lab Zone, 24, 27, Vocabulary, 25, Assess Your Understanding, 27, Apply it, 9, 14, 16, 21, 27, Real World Inquiry, 25

7. generate and interpret field maps including topographic and weather maps

M 3 SE/TE: 24-27, My Science Online, 25, Unlock The Big Question, 24, Explore the Big Question, 26, Answer the Big Question, 27, My Planet Diary, 24, Lab Zone, 24, 27, Vocabulary, 25, Assess Your Understanding, 27, Apply it, 9, 14, 16, 21, 27, Real World Inquiry, 25 M 4 SE/TE: 160-161, Kids Doing Science, 160, Think Like a Scientist, 161

8. predict the characteristics of an air mass based on the origin of the air mass

M 4 SE/TE: 132-139, My Science Online, 133, 137, 139, Unlock The Big Question, 132, My Planet Diary, 132, Lab Zone, 132, 135, 137, 139, Vocabulary, 133, Assess Your Understanding, 135, 137, 139, Figure, 133, 135, 137, 139, Apply it, 133, 134, 135, 138, 139, Interactive Art, 136

9. measure weather variables such as wind speed and direction, relative humidity, barometric pressure, etc.

M 4 SE/TE: 80-81, 102, 120-121, Interactive Art, 80, Figure, 81, 102, 120, Do the Math, 121, My Science Online, 81, Lab Zone, 81, 102, 121, Assess Your Understanding, 81, 102, 121

10. determine the density of liquids, and regular- and irregular-shaped solids

M 10 SE/TE: 14, 18-19, Unlock the Big Question, 14, My Planet Diary, 14, Lab Zone, 14, 19, Assess Your Understanding, 19, Apply it, 18, My Science Online, 19

11. determine the volume of a regular- and an irregular-shaped solid, using water displacement

M 10 SE/TE: 17, Virtual Lab, 17, Lab Zone, 17, Assess Your Understanding, 17





12. using the periodic table, identify an element as a metal, nonmetal, or noble gas

M 10 SE/TE: 80-87, My Science Online, 81, 83, 87, 107, 109, 111, Unlock The Big Question, 80, My Planet Diary, 80, Lab Zone, 80, 82, 85, 87, Vocabulary, 81, Assess Your Understanding, 82, 85, 87, Figure, 86, Apply it, 83, Interactive Art, 85

13. determine the identity of an unknown element, using physical and chemical properties

M 10 SE/TE: 80-87, My Science Online, 81, 83, 87, 107, 109, 111, Unlock The Big Question, 80, My Planet Diary, 80, Lab Zone, 80, 82, 85, 87, Vocabulary, 81, Assess Your Understanding, 82, 85, 87, Figure, 86, Apply it, 83, Interactive Art, 85

14. using appropriate resources, separate the parts of a mixture

M 10 SE/TE: 12-13, Figure, 12, 13, My Science Online, 13, Lab Zone, 13, Assess Your Understanding, 13

15. determine the electrical conductivity of a material, using a simple circuit

M 11 SE/TE: 166-173, My Science Online, 167, 169, 171, Unlock The Big Question, 166, My Planet Diary, 166, Lab Zone, 166, 168, 169, 173, Vocabulary, 167, Assess Your Understanding, 168, 169, 173, Figure, 167, 171, 172, 173

16. determine the speed and acceleration of a moving object

M 11 SE/TE: 8-15, 16-21, My Science Online, 9, 13, 15, 17, 21, Unlock The Big Question, 8, 16, My Planet Diary, 8, 16, Lab Zone, 8, 11, 13, 15, 16, 19, 21, Vocabulary, 9, 17, Assess Your Understanding, 11, 13, 15, 19, 21, Figure, 10, 12, 17, 18, Apply it, 9, 11, Do the Math, 19, Virtual Lab, 20, Interactive Art, 14, 21





STANDARD 4: The Living Environment - Students will understand and apply scientific concepts, principles, and theories pertaining to the physical setting and living environment and recognize the historical development of ideas in science. Key Idea 1: Living things are both similar to and different from each other and from nonliving things. Introduction: Living things are similar to each other yet different from nonliving things. The cell is a basic unit of structure and function of living things (cell theory). For all living things, life activities are accomplished at the cellular level. Human beings are an interactive organization of cells, tissues, organs, and systems. Viruses lack cellular organization. PERFORMANCE INDICATOR 1.1 - Compare and contrast the parts of plants, animals, and one-celled organisms. Major Understandings: 1.1a Living things are composed of cells. Cells provide structure and carry on major functions to sustain life. Cells are usually microscopic in size.

M 7 SE/TE: xx-3, 4-11, Big Idea of Science, xx, The Big Question, xxii, Untamed Science, xxii, My Science Online, 1, 5, 7, 8, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2 Vocab Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 4, My Planet Diary, 4, Lab Zone, 4, 5, 7, 11, Vocabulary, 5, Assess Your Understanding, 5, 7, 11, Figure, 6, 8, 10, 11, Apply it, 10, Virtual Lab, 8

1.1b The way in which cells function is similar in all living things. Cells grow and divide, producing more cells. Cells take in nutrients, which they use to provide energy for the work that cells do and to make the materials that a cell or an organism needs.

M 7 SE/TE: 56-63, My Science Online, 57, 59, Unlock The Big Question, 56, My Planet Diary, 56, Lab Zone, 56, 63, Vocabulary, 57, Assess Your Understanding, 56, 63, Figure, 59, 62, Apply it, 59, Do the Math, 63, , Interactive Art, 60-61

1.1c Most cells have cell membranes, genetic material, and cytoplasm. Some cells have a cell wall and/or chloroplasts. Many cells have a nucleus.

M 7 SE/TE: xx-3, 12-21, Big Idea of Science, xx, The Big Question, xxii, Untamed Science, xxii, My Science Online, 1, 8, 13, 21, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2 Vocab Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 4, 12, Explore the Big Question, 16-17, Answer the Big Question, 19, My Planet Diary, 12, 22, Lab Zone, 12, 19, 21, Vocabulary, 13, Assess Your Understanding, 19, 21, Figure, 12, 13, Apply it, 18, 31, Interactive Art, 16, 20

1.1d Some organisms are single cells; others, including humans, are multicellular.

M 7 SE/TE: 20-21, Interactive Art, 20, Figure, 20, 21, My Science Online, 21, Lab Zone, 21, Assess Your Understanding, 21 M 8 SE/TE: 6, Figure, 6





1.1e Cells are organized for more effective functioning in multicellular organisms. Levels of organization for structure and function of a multicellular organism include cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.

M 7 SE/TE: 20-21, Interactive Art, 20, Figure, 20, 21, My Science Online, 21, Lab Zone, 21, Assess Your Understanding, 21 M 9 SE/TE: xxii-3, 4-9, Big Ideas of Science, xxii, The Big Question, xxiv, Untamed Science, xxii, My Science Online, 1, 5, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2, Vocab Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 4, My Planet Diary, 4, Lab Zone, 4, 9, Vocabulary, 5, Assess Your Understanding, 9, Figure, 5, 6, Apply it, 7, Interactive Art, 8

1.1f Many plants have roots, stems, leaves, and reproductive structures. These organized groups of tissues are responsible for a plant’s life activities.

M 8 SE/TE: 80, 84-89, 90-99, 100-109, 110-117, The Big Question, 80, Untamed science, 80, Check Your Understanding, 82, My Reading Web, 82, Explore the Big Question, Unlock the Big Question, 84, 90, 100, My Planet Diary, 94, 90, 100, Lab Zone, 84, 86, 89, 90, 92, 95, 99, 100, 105, My Science On-Line, 91, 93, 97, 101, Vocabulary, 91, 101, Assess Your Understanding, 86, 89, 92, 95, 99, 105, 107, Figure, 87, 88, 89, 91, 93, 95, 96, 97, 98, 101, 102, 104, 105, Apply it, 88, 94, 103, Do the Math, 99, Virtual Lab, 98, Interactive Art, 86, 106

1.1g Multicellular animals often have similar organs and specialized systems for carrying out major life activities.

M 7 SE/TE: 20-21, Interactive Art, 20, My Science Online, 21, Figure, 21, Lab Zone, 21, Assess Your Understanding, 21 M 9 SE/TE: xxii-3, 4-9, Big Ideas of Science, xxii, The Big Question, xxiv, Untamed Science, xxii, My Science Online, 1, 5, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2, Vocab Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 4, My Planet Diary, 4, Lab Zone, 4, 9, Vocabulary, 5, Assess Your Understanding, 9, Figure, 5, 6, Apply it, 7, Interactive Art, 8

1.1h Living things are classified by shared characteristics on the cellular and organism level. In classifying organisms, biologists consider details of internal and external structures. Biological classification systems are arranged from general (kingdom) to specific (species).

M 8 SE/TE: 22-25, Unlock the Big Question, 22, My Planet Diary, 22, Lab Zone, 22, 25, My Science On-Line, 23, Vocabulary, 23, Assess Your Understanding, 25, Apply it, 24





PERFORMANCE INDICATOR 1.2 - Explain the functioning of the major human organ systems and their interactions. Major Understandings: 1.2a Each system is composed of organs and tissues which perform specific functions and interact with each other, e.g., digestion, gas exchange, excretion, circulation, locomotion, control, coordination, reproduction, and protection from disease.

M 9 SE/TE: xxii-3, 10-17, Big Ideas of Science, xxii, The Big Question, xxiv, Untamed Science, xxii, My Science Online, 1, 11, 12, 17, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2, Vocab Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 4, 10, 18, My Planet Diary, 10, Lab Zone, 10, 12, 15, 17, Vocabulary, 11, Assess Your Understanding, 12, 15, 17, Figure, 11, Apply it, 7, 12, Art in Motion, 13

1.2b Tissues, organs, and organ systems help to provide all cells with nutrients, oxygen, and waste removal.

M 7 SE/TE: xx-3, 12-21, Big Idea of Science, xx, The Big Question, xxii, Untamed Science, xxii, My Science Online, 1, 8, 13, 21, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2 Vocab Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 4, 12, 22, 28, Explore the Big Question, 16-17, Answer the Big Question, 19, My Planet Diary, 12, 22, Lab Zone, 12, 19, 21, Vocabulary, 13, Assess Your Understanding, 19, 21, Figure, 12, 13, Apply it, 18, 31, Interactive Art, 16, 20 M 9 SE/TE: xxii-3, 4-9, Big Ideas of Science, xxii, The Big Question, xxiv, Untamed Science, xxii, My Science Online, 1, 5, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2, Vocab Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 4, My Planet Diary, 4, Lab Zone, 4, 9, Vocabulary, 5, Assess Your Understanding, 9, Figure, 5, 6, Apply it, 7, Interactive Art, 8

1.2c The digestive system consists of organs that are responsible for the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food. The breakdown process results in molecules that can be absorbed and transported to cells.

M 9 SE/TE: 80-85, 86-91, My Science Online, 81, 83, 91, Unlock The Big Question, 80, 86, Explore the Big Question, 90, Answer the Big Question, 91, My Planet Diary, 80, 86, Lab Zone, 80, 81, 85, 86, 89, 91, Vocabulary, 81, 86, Assess Your Understanding, 81, 85, 89, 91, Figure, 82, 84, 85, 88, Apply it, 83, Do the Math, 89, Real World Inquiry, 90





1.2d During respiration, cells use oxygen to release the energy stored in food. The respiratory system supplies oxygen and removes carbon dioxide (gas exchange).

M 9 SE/TE: 134-137, 138-147, The Big Question, 134, Untamed Science, 134, My Science Online, 135, 139, 143, 145, Check Your Understanding, 136, My Reading Web, 136, Vocab Flash Cards, 137, Unlock The Big Question, 138, Explore the Big Question, 147, Answer the Big Question, 147, My Planet Diary, 138, Lab Zone, 138, 141, 143, 147, Vocabulary, 139, Assess Your Understanding, 141, 143, 147, Figure, 139, 140, 142, 156, Do the Math, 145, Art in Motion, 144

1.2e The excretory system functions in the disposal of dissolved waste molecules, the elimination of liquid and gaseous wastes, and the removal of excess heat energy.

M 9 SE/TE: 154-159, My Science Online, 155, 159, Unlock The Big Question, 154, My Planet Diary, 154, Lab Zone, 112, 147, 154, 157, 159, Vocabulary, 155, Assess Your Understanding, 157, 159, Figure, 156, Do the Math, 155, Interactive Art, 157

1.2f The circulatory system moves substances to and from cells, where they are needed or produced, responding to changing demands.

M 9 SE/TE: 98-101, 102-107, 108-113, The Big Question, 98, Untamed Science, 98, My Science Online, 99, 103, 105, 107, 109, 113, Check Your Understanding, 100, My Reading Web, 100, Vocab Flash Cards, 101, Unlock The Big Question, 102, 108, My Planet Diary, 102, 108, Lab Zone, 102, 103, 105, 107, 108, 112, 113, Vocabulary, 103, 109, Assess Your Understanding, 103, 105, 107, 112, 113, Figure, 103, 106, Do the Math, 107, 111, Interactive Art, 104, 110

1.2g Locomotion, necessary to escape danger, obtain food and shelter, and reproduce, is accomplished by the interaction of the skeletal and muscular systems, and coordinated by the nervous system.

M 9 SE/TE: 32-35, 36-43, 44-49, 214-219, 258-263, 264-271, The Big Question, 32, 210, Untamed Science, 32, 210, My Science Online, 33, 37, 39, 41, 45, 51, 215, 212, 217, 218, 259, 263, 265, 271 Check Your Understanding, 34, 256, My Reading Web. 34, 212, Vocab Flash Cards, 35, 213, Unlock The Big Question, 36, 44, 50, 258, 214, 264, Explore the Big Question, 44, Answer the Big Question, 281, My Planet Diary, 36, 44, 214, 258, 264, Lab Zone, 36, 38, 40, 43, 44, 47, 49, 258, 262, 263, 264, 269, 271, Vocabulary, 37, 45, 215, 259, 265, Assess Your Understanding, 38, 40, 43, 47, 49, 218, 219, 262, 263, 269, 270, 271, Figure, 37, 41, 43, 44, 46, 49, 217,265, Apply it, 40, 219, 260, Do the Math, 271, Interactive Art, 38, 39, 263, 266, 268, Art in Motion, 48





1.2h The nervous and endocrine systems interact to control and coordinate the body's responses to changes in the environment, and to regulate growth, development, and reproduction. Hormones are chemicals produced by the endocrine system; hormones regulate many body functions.

M 9 SE/TE: 258-263, Unlock the Big Question, 258, My Planet Diary, 258, Lab Zone, 258, 260, 263, My Science Online, 259, Vocabulary, 259, Figure, 261, Interactive Art, 110, 263, Assess Your Understanding, 262, 263, Apply it, 260

1.2i The male and female reproductive systems are responsible for producing sex cells necessary for the production of offspring.

M 9 SE/TE: 264-271, Unlock the Big Question, 264, My Planet Diary, 264, Lab Zone, 264, 269, 271, My Science Online, 265, Vocabulary, 109, 259, 265, 273, Figure, 265, 267, 270, Interactive Art, 266, 268, Do the Math, 271, 275, Assess Your Understanding, 269, 271

1.2j Disease breaks down the structures or functions of an organism. Some diseases are the result of failures of the system. Other diseases are the result of damage by infection from other organisms (germ theory). Specialized cells protect the body from infectious disease. The chemicals they produce identify and destroy microbes that enter the body.

M 9 SE/TE: 166-169, 170-177, 178-185, 186-189, 190-195, The Big Question, 166, Untamed Science, 166, My Science Online, 167, 175, 179, 181, 187, 189, 191, 195, Check Your Understanding, 168. My Reading Web, 168, Vocab Flash Cards, 169, Unlock The Big Question, 170, 178, 186, 190, My Planet Diary, 170, 178, 186, 190, Lab Zone, 170, 173, 177, 178, 180, 185, 186, 188, 189, 190, 193, 195, Vocabulary, 171, 179, 187, 191, Assess Your Understanding, 173, 177, 180, 185, 188, 189, 193, 195, Figure, 172, 179, 182, 183, 188, Apply it, 176, 185, 194, Do the Math, 187, Virtual Lab, 174, Interactive Art, 184, Art in Motion, 192

Key Idea 2: Organisms inherit genetic information in a variety of ways that result in continuity of structure and function between parents and offspring. Introduction: Every organism requires a set of instructions for specifying its traits. This information is found in the genes of cells. As organisms reproduce, these instructions are passed from one generation to the next. PERFORMANCE INDICATOR 2.1 - Describe sexual and asexual mechanisms for passing genetic materials from generation to generation. Major Understandings: 2.1a Hereditary information is contained in genes. Genes are composed of DNA that makes up the chromosomes of cells.

M 7 SE/TE: 74-79, 92-97, My Science Online, 75, 77, 93, 97, Unlock The Big Question, 74, 92, My Planet Diary, 74, 92, Lab Zone, 74, 76, 79, 92, 95, 97, Vocabulary, 75, 93, Assess Your Understanding, 76, 79, 95, 97, Figure, 96-97, Apply it, 79, Virtual Lab, 78, Interactive Art, 96





2.1b Each gene carries a single unit of information. A single inherited trait of an individual can be determined by one pair or by many pairs of genes. A human cell contains thousands of different genes.

M 7 SE/TE: 80-85, 92-97, My Science Online, 81, 85, 93, 97, Unlock The Big Question, 80, 92, Answer the Big Question, 92, My Planet Diary, 80, 92, Lab Zone, 80, 83, 85, 92, 95, 97, Vocabulary, 81, 93, Assess Your Understanding, 83, 85, 95, 97, Figure, 84, 96-97, Apply it, 85, Do the Math, 81, Interactive Art, 82, 96

2.1c Each human cell contains a copy of all the genes needed to produce a human being.

M 7 SE/TE: 92-97, 134-139, My Science Online, 93, 97, Unlock The Big Question, 92, 134, Answer the Big Question, 92, My Planet Diary, 92, 134, Lab Zone, 92, 95, 97, 134, 136, 139, 142, My Science Online, 135, 137, Vocabulary, 93, 135, Assess Your Understanding, 95, 97, 136, Figure, 96-97, Interactive Art, 96

2.1d In asexual reproduction, all the genes come from a single parent. Asexually produced offspring are genetically identical to the parent.

M 8 SE/TE: 51, Figure, 51

2.1e In sexual reproduction typically half of the genes come from each parent. Sexually produced offspring are not identical to either parent.

M 7 SE/TE: 130-133, 134-139, The Big Question, 130, Untamed Science, 130, My Science Online, 131, 135, 137, Check Your Understanding, 132, My Reading Web, 132, Vocab Flash Cards, 133, Unlock The Big Question, 134, My Planet Diary, 134, Lab Zone, 134, 136, 139, Vocabulary, 135, Assess Your Understanding, 136, 139, Figure, 136, 137, 139, Apply it, 135, Virtual Lab, 138 M 8 SE/TE: 51, Figure, 51

PERFORMANCE INDICATOR 2.2 - Describe simple mechanisms related to the inheritance of some physical traits in offspring. Major Understandings: 2.2a In all organisms, genetic traits are passed on from generation to generation.

M 7 SE/TE: 86-91, My Science Online, 87, 89, Check Your Unlock The Big Question, 86, 88, Explore the Big Question, 91, Answer the Big Question, 92, My Planet Diary, 74, 80, 86, 92, Lab Zone, 86, 88, Vocabulary, 87, Assess Your Understanding, , 88, 88, Figure, 87, Apply it, 88, Study Guide, 98

2.2b Some genes are dominant and some are recessive. Some traits are inherited by mechanisms other than dominance and recessiveness.

M 7 SE/TE: 74-79, My Science Online, 75, 77, Unlock The Big Question, 74, My Planet Diary, 74, Lab Zone, 74, 76, 79, Vocabulary, 75, Assess Your Understanding, 76, 79, Apply it, 79, Virtual Lab, 78





2.2c The probability of traits being expressed can be determined using models of genetic inheritance. Some models of prediction are pedigree charts and Punnett squares.

M 7 SE/TE: 80-85, My Science Online, 81, 85, Unlock The Big Question, 80, My Planet Diary, 80, Lab Zone, 80, 83, 85, Vocabulary, 81, Assess Your Understanding, 83, 85, Figure, 84, Apply it, 85, Do the Math, 81, Interactive Art, 82

Key Idea 3: Individual organisms and species change over time. Introduction: Evolution is the change in a species over time. Millions of diverse species are alive today. Generally this diversity of species developed through gradual processes of change occurring over many generations. Species acquire many of their unique characteristics through biological adaptation, which involves the selection of naturally occurring variations in populations (natural selection). Biological adaptations are differences in structures, behaviors, or physiology that enhance survival and reproductive success in a particular environment. PERFORMANCE INDICATOR 3.1 - Describe sources of variation in organisms and their structures and relate the variations to survival. Major Understandings: 3.1a The processes of sexual reproduction and mutation have given rise to a variety of traits within a species.

M 7 SE/TE: 118-123, My Science Online, 119, 121Unlock The Big Question, 118, My Planet Diary, 118, Lab Zone, 118, 120, 123, Vocabulary, 119, Assess Your Understanding, 120, 123, Figure, 119, Apply it, 123, Do the Math, 121

3.1b Changes in environmental conditions can affect the survival of individual organisms with a particular trait. Small differences between parents and offspring can accumulate in successive generations so that descendants are very different from their ancestors. Individual organisms with certain traits are more likely to survive and have offspring than individuals without those traits.

M 7 SE/TE: 89-91, My Science Online, 89, Figure, 89, Explore the Big Question, 90, Interactive Art, 90, Lab Zone, 91, Ass Your Understanding, 91, Answer the Big Question, 91

3.1c Human activities such as selective breeding and advances in genetic engineering may affect the variations of species.

M 7 SE/TE: 146-151, Unlock The Big Question, 146, My Planet Diary, 146, Lab Zone, 146, 151, My Science Online, 147, Assess Your Understanding, 151,155, Art in Motion, 151, Figure, 148

PERFORMANCE INDICATOR 3.2 - Describe factors responsible for competition within species and the significance of that competition. Major Understandings: 3.2a In all environments, organisms with similar needs may compete with one another for resources.

M 6 SE/TE: 21-24, Figure, 21, 22, 23, Interactive Art, 23, Do the Math, 24, Lab Zone, 24, Assess Your Understanding, 24





3.2b Extinction of a species occurs when the environment changes and the adaptive characteristics of a species are insufficient to permit its survival. Extinction of species is common. Fossils are evidence that a great variety of species existed in the past.

M 3 SE/TE: 109, 128-139, My Science Online, 109, 129, Unlock The Big Question, 128, Explore the Big Question, 136, 138, My Planet Diary, 128, Lab Zone, 109, 128, 132, 134, 139, Vocabulary, 129, Assess Your Understanding, 109, 132, 134, 139, Figure, 129, 130, Apply it, 133 M 6 SE/TE: 19, 74, 113, 116, Figure, 19, 113, Lab Zone, 113, Assess Your Understanding, 113 M 8 SE/TE: 78-79, Interactive Art, 78, Apply it, 79, Lab Zone, 79, Assess Your Understanding, 79 Fossils

3.2c Many thousands of layers of sedimentary rock provide evidence for the long history of Earth and for the long history of changing life forms whose remains are found in the rocks. Recently deposited rock layers are more likely to contain fossils resembling existing species.

M 3 SE/TE: 100-103, 104-109, 110-115, The Big Question, 100, Untamed Science, 100, My Science Online, 105, 109,111, 114, 117, Check Your Understanding, 102, My Reading Web. 102, Vocab Flash Cards, 103, Unlock The Big Question, 110, My Planet Diary, 110, Lab Zone, 104, 105, 107, 109, 110, 113, 115, Vocabulary, 111, 117, Assess Your Understanding, 105, 107, 109, 113, 115, Figure, 106, 114, Apply it, 107, 112, 115, Interactive Art, 105, 108, 113

3.2d Although the time needed for change in a species is usually great, some species of insects and bacteria have undergone significant change in just a few years.

M 8 SE/TE: 26-29, Unlock the Big Question, 26, Explore the Big Question, 28, My Planet Diary, 26, Lab Zone, 26, 29, My Science On-Line, 27, Vocabulary, 27, Assess Your Understanding, 29, Apply it, 28, Do the Art in Motion, 27

Key Idea 4: The continuity of life is sustained through reproduction and development. Introduction: The survival of a species depends on the ability of a living organism to produce offspring. Living things go through a life cycle involving both reproductive and developmental stages. Development follows an orderly sequence of events. PERFORMANCE INDICATOR 4.1 - Observe and describe the variations in reproductive patterns of organisms, including asexual and sexual reproduction. Major Understandings: 4.1a Some organisms reproduce asexually. Other organisms reproduce sexually. Some organisms can reproduce both sexually and asexually.

M 8 SE/TE: 7, 142, 245-249, Unlock the Big Question, 142, My Planet Diary, 142, Lab Zone, 142, 249, Assess Your Understanding, 142, 249, Figure, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, My Science Online, 245, Vocabulary, 245





4.1b There are many methods of asexual reproduction, including division of a cell into two cells, or separation of part of an animal or plant from the parent, resulting in the growth of another individual.

M 8 SE/TE: 245, My Science Online, 245, Figure, 245

4.1c Methods of sexual reproduction depend upon the species. All methods involve the merging of sex cells to begin the development of a new individual. In many species, including plants and humans, eggs and sperm are produced.

M 8 SE/TE: 245-251, Lab Zone, 249, 251, Assess Your Understanding, 249, 251, Figure, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, My Science Online, 245, 251, Vocabulary, 245, Do the Math, 251,

4.1d Fertilization and/or development in organisms may be internal or external.

M 8 SE/TE: 250-251, Figure, 250, My Science Online, 245, Do the Math, 251, Lab Zone, 251, Assess Your Understanding, 251

PERFORMANCE INDICATOR 4.2 - Explain the role of sperm and egg cells in sexual reproduction. Major Understandings: 4.2a The male sex cell is the sperm. The female sex cell is the egg. The fertilization of an egg by a sperm results in a fertilized egg.

M 8 SE/TE: 246

4.2b In sexual reproduction, sperm and egg each carry one-half of the genetic information for the new individual. Therefore, the fertilized egg contains genetic information from each parent.

M 7 SE/TE: 74-79, My Science Online, 75, 77, Unlock The Big Question, 74, My Planet Diary, 74, Lab Zone, 74, 76, 79, Vocabulary, 75, Assess Your Understanding, 76, 79, Apply it, 79, Virtual Lab, 78 M 8 SE/TE: 250-251, Figure, 250, My Science Online, 245, Do the Math, 251, Lab Zone, 251, Assess Your Understanding, 251

PERFORMANCE INDICATOR 4.3 - Observe and describe developmental patterns in selected plants and animals (e.g., insects, frogs, humans, seed-bearing plants). Major Understandings: 4.3a Multicellular organisms exhibit complex changes in development, which begin after fertilization. The fertilized egg undergoes numerous cellular divisions that will result in a multicellular organism, with each cell having identical genetic information.

M 8 SE/TE: 252-261, Unlock the Big Question, 252, My Planet Diary, 252, Lab Zone, 252, 254, 258, 261, My Science On-Line, 253, 255, 259, Vocabulary, 253, Assess Your Understanding, 254, 258, 261, Figure, 253, 255, 256-257, 258, 260, Apply it, Do the Math, 261





4.3b In humans, the fertilized egg grows into tissue which develops into organs and organ systems before birth.

M 8 SE/TE: 142-143, My Science Online, 143, Lab Zone, 143, Assess Your Understanding, 143 M 9 SE/TE: xxii-3, 4-9, Big Ideas of Science, xxii, The Big Question, xxiv, Untamed Science, xxii, My Science Online, 1, 5, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2, Vocab Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 4, My Planet Diary, 4, Lab Zone, 4, 9, Vocabulary, 5, Assess Your Understanding, 9, Figure, 5, 6, Apply it, 7, Interactive Art, 8

4.3c Various body structures and functions change as an organism goes through its life cycle.


4.3d Patterns of development vary among animals. In some species the young resemble the adult, while in others they do not. Some insects and amphibians undergo metamorphosis as they mature.


4.3e Patterns of development vary among plants. In seed-bearing plants, seeds contain stored food for early development. Their later development into adulthood is characterized by varying patterns of growth from species to species.

M 8 SE/TE: 110-117, Unlock the Big Question, 110, Explore the Big Question, Unlock the Big Question, My Planet Diary, 110, Lab Zone, 110, 111, 117, My Science On-Line, 111, 113, Vocabulary, 111, Assess Your Understanding, 111, 117, Figure, 111, 112, 114, 115, 116, Apply it, 113

4.3f As an individual organism ages, various body structures and functions change.






PERFORMANCE INDICATOR 4.4 - Observe and describe cell division at the microscopic level and its macroscopic effects. Major Understandings: 4.4a In multicellular organisms, cell division is responsible for growth, maintenance, and repair. In some one-celled organisms, cell division is a method of asexual reproduction.

M 7 SE/TE: 56-63, My Science Online, 57, 59, Unlock The Big Question, 56, My Planet Diary, 56, Lab Zone, 56, 63, Vocabulary, 57, Assess Your Understanding, 56, 63, Figure, 59, 62, Apply it, 59, Do the Math, 63, Interactive Art, 60-61

4.4b In one type of cell division, chromosomes are duplicated and then separated into two identical and complete sets to be passed to each of the two resulting cells. In this type of cell division, the hereditary information is identical in all the cells that result.

M 7 SE/TE: 56-63, My Science Online, 57, 59, Unlock The Big Question, 56, My Planet Diary, 56, Lab Zone, 56, 63, Vocabulary, 57, Assess Your Understanding, 56, 63, Figure, 59, 62, Apply it, 59, Do the Math, 63, Interactive Art, 60-61

4.4c Another type of cell division accounts for the production of egg and sperm cells in sexually reproducing organisms. The eggs and sperm resulting from this type of cell division contain one-half of the hereditary information.

M 7 SE/TE: 96-97, Art in Motion, 96, My Science Online, 97, Lab Zone, 97, Assess Your Understanding, 97

4.4d Cancers are a result of abnormal cell division.

M 7 SE/TE: 69, 121-122, Figure, 121, My Science Online, 121, Do the Math, 121

Key Idea 5: Organisms maintain a dynamic equilibrium that sustains life. Introduction: All organisms must be able to obtain and use resources, grow, reproduce, and maintain stable internal conditions while living in a constantly changing external environment. Organisms respond to internal or environmental stimuli. PERFORMANCE INDICATOR 5.1 - Compare the way a variety of living specimens carry out basic life functions and maintain dynamic equilibrium. Major Understandings: 5.1a Animals and plants have a great variety of body plans and internal structures that contribute to their ability to maintain a balanced condition.

M 8 SE/TE: 13, 139, Figure, 13, 139 M 9 SE/TE: 18-25, My Science Online, 19, Unlock The Big Question, 18, Explore the Big Question, 24, Answer the Big Question, 25, My Planet Diary, 18, Lab Zone, 18, 25, Vocabulary, 19, Assess Your Understanding, 25, Figure, 19, 20, 21, 22, Apply it, 23, Real World Inquiry, 24





5.1b An organism's overall body plan and its environment determine the way that the organism carries out the life processes.

M 7 SE/TE: 89-91, My Science Online, 89, Figure, 89, 90, Explore the Big Question, 90, Interactive Art, 90, Lab Zone, 91, Assess Your Understanding, 91, Answer the Big Question, 91

5.1c All organisms require energy to survive. The amount of energy needed and the method for obtaining this energy vary among cells. Some cells use oxygen to release the energy stored in food.

M 8 SE/TE: 6, 11, 67, 85, 206-215, 216-223, Unlock the Big Question, 206, 216, My Planet Diary, 206, 216, Lab Zone, 206, 211, 215, 216, 218, 223, My Science On-Line, 85, 213, 217, 219, Vocabulary, 217, Assess Your Understanding, 215, 218, 223, Figure, 207, 212, 213, 214,215, 220, 221, 222, 223, Apply it, 208, 218, Do the Math, 209, Interactive Art, 210, Art in Motion, 219

5.1d The methods for obtaining nutrients vary among organisms. Producers, such as green plants, use light energy to make their food. Consumers, such as animals, take in energy-rich foods.

M 6 SE/TE: 42-45, Unlock the Big Question, 42, My Planet Diary, 42, Lab Zone, 42, My Science Online, 43, Figure, 43, 44-45, Lab Zone, 45, Assess Your Understanding, 45

5.1e Herbivores obtain energy from plants. Carnivores obtain energy from animals. Omnivores obtain energy from both plants and animals. Decomposers, such as bacteria and fungi, obtain energy by consuming wastes and/or dead organisms.

M 6 SE/TE: 42-45, Unlock the Big Question, 42, My Planet Diary, 42, Lab Zone, 42, My Science Online, 43, Figure, 43, 44-45, Lab Zone, 45, Assess Your Understanding, 45 M 8 SE/TE: 55, 126, 207, Apply it, 126, Figure, 207

5.1f Regulation of an organism’s internal environment involves sensing the internal environment and changing physiological activities to keep conditions within the range required for survival. Regulation includes a variety of nervous and hormonal feedback systems.

M 8 SE/TE: 13, 139, Figure, 13, 139 M 9 SE/TE: 18-25, My Science Online, 19, Unlock The Big Question, 18, Explore the Big Question, 24, Answer the Big Question, 25, My Planet Diary, 18, Lab Zone, 18, 25, Vocabulary, 19, Assess Your Understanding, 25, Figure, 19, 20, 21, 22, Apply it, 23, Real World Inquiry, 24

5.1g The survival of an organism depends on its ability to sense and respond to its external environment.






PERFORMANCE INDICATOR 5.2 - Describe the importance of major nutrients, vitamins, and minerals in maintaining health and promoting growth, and explain the need for a constant input of energy for living organisms. Major Understandings: 5.2a Food provides molecules that serve as fuel and building material for all organisms. All living things, including plants, must release energy from their food, using it to carry on their life processes.

M 9 SE/TE: 62-65, 66-73, The Big Question, 62, Untamed Science, 62, My Science Online, 63, 67, 69, Check Your Understanding, 64, My Reading Web, 64, Vocab Flash Cards, 65, Unlock The Big Question, 66, My Planet Diary, 66, Lab Zone, 66, 67, 73, Vocabulary, 67, Assess Your Understanding, 67, 73, Figure, 70, 72, Apply it, 71, 77, 83, Interactive Art, 73

5.2b Foods contain a variety of substances, which include carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, proteins, minerals, and water. Each substance is vital to the survival of the organism.


5.2c Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions in an organism. Metabolism can be influenced by hormones, exercise, diet, and aging.

M 9 SE/TE: 18-25, My Science Online, 19, Unlock The Big Question, 18, Explore the Big Question, 24, Answer the Big Question, 25, My Planet Diary, 18, Lab Zone, 18, 25, Vocabulary, 19, Assess Your Understanding, 25, Figure, 19, 20, 21, 22, Apply it, 23, Real World Inquiry, 24

5.2d Energy in foods is measured in Calories. The total caloric value of each type of food varies. The number of Calories a person requires varies from person to person.

M 9 SE/TE: 62-65, 66-73, The Big Question, 62, Untamed Science, 62, My Science Online, 63, 67, 69, Check Your Understanding, 64, My Reading Web, 64, Vocab Flash Cards, 65, Unlock The Big Question, 66, My Planet Diary, 66, Lab Zone, 66, 67, 73, Vocabulary, 67, Assess Your Understanding, 67, 73, Figure, 70, 72, Apply it, 71, 77, 83, Interactive Art, 73

5.2e In order to maintain a balanced state, all organisms have a minimum daily intake of each type of nutrient based on species, size, age, sex, activity, etc. An imbalance in any of the nutrients might result in weight gain, weight loss, or a diseased state.






5.2f Contraction of infectious disease, and personal behaviors such as use of toxic substances and some dietary habits, may interfere with one’s dynamic equilibrium. During pregnancy these conditions may also affect the development of the child. Some effects of these conditions are immediate; others may not appear for many years.

M 9 SE/TE: 166-169, 170-177, 178-185, 186-189, 190-195, The Big Question, 166, Untamed Science, 166, My Science Online, 167, 175, 179, 181, 187, 189, 191, 195, Check Your Understanding, 168. My Reading Web, 168, Vocab Flash Cards, 169, Unlock The Big Question, 170, 178, 186, 190, My Planet Diary, 170, 178, 186, 190, Lab Zone, 170, 173, 177, 178, 180, 185, 186, 188, 189, 190, 193, 195, Vocabulary, 171, 179, 187, 191, Assess Your Understanding, 173, 177, 180, 185, 188, 189, 193, 195, Figure, 172, 179, 182, 183, 188, Apply it, 176, 185, 194, Do the Math, 187, Virtual Lab, 174, Interactive Art, 184, Art in Motion, 192

Key Idea 6: Plants and animals depend on each other and their physical environment. Introduction: An environmentally aware citizen should have an understanding of the natural world. All organisms interact with one another and are dependent upon their physical environment. Energy and matter flow from one organism to another. Matter is recycled in ecosystems. Energy enters ecosystems as sunlight, and is eventually lost from the community to the environment, mostly as heat. PERFORMANCE INDICATOR 6.1 - Describe the flow of energy and matter through food chains and food webs. Major Understandings: 6.1a Energy flows through ecosystems in one direction, usually from the Sun, through producers to consumers and then to decomposers. This process may be visualized with food chains or energy pyramids.


6.1b Food webs identify feeding relationships among producers, consumers, and decomposers in an ecosystem.






6.1c Matter is transferred from one organism to another and between organisms and their physical environment. Water, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and oxygen are examples of substances cycled between the living and nonliving environment.

M 6 SE/TE: 50-57, My Science Online, 51, 53, 54, Unlock The Big Question, 50, Explore the Big Question, 56, Answer the Big Question, 57, My Planet Diary, 50, Lab Zone, 50, 51, 53, 57, Vocabulary, 51, Assess Your Understanding, 51, 53, 57, Apply it, 52, Interactive Art, 51

PERFORMANCE INDICATOR 6.2 - Provide evidence that green plants make food and explain the significance of this process to other organisms. Major Understandings: 6.2a Photosynthesis is carried on by green plants and other organisms containing chlorophyll. In this process, the Sun’s energy is converted into and stored as chemical energy in the form of a sugar. The quantity of sugar molecules increases in green plants during photosynthesis in the presence of sunlight.

M 6 SE/TE: 43, 52, 68 M 7 SE/TE: 40-43, 44-49, The Big Question, 40, Untamed Science, 40, My Science Online, 41, 45, 47, 59, 65, Check Your Understanding, 42, My Reading Web, 42, Vocab Flash Cards, 43, My Planet Diary, 44, , Lab Zone, 44, 46, 49, Vocabulary, 45, Assess Your Understanding, 46, 49, Figure, 49, Apply it, 46, 54, 59, Do the Math, 63, Virtual Lab, 47, Interactive Art, 48 M 8 SE/TE: 85, 105

6.2b The major source of atmospheric oxygen is photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere and oxygen is released during photosynthesis.

M 6 SE/TE: 43, 52, 68 M 7 SE/TE: 40-43, 44-49, The Big Question, 40, Untamed Science, 40, My Science Online, 41, 45, 47, 59, 65, Check Your Understanding, 42, My Reading Web, 42, Vocab Flash Cards, 43, My Planet Diary, 44, , Lab Zone, 44, 46, 49, Vocabulary, 45, Assess Your Understanding, 46, 49, Figure, 49, Apply it, 46, 54, 59, Do the Math, 63, Virtual Lab, 47, Interactive Art, 48 M 8 SE/TE: 85, 105

6.2c Green plants are the producers of food which is used directly or indirectly by consumers.






Key Idea 7: Human decisions and activities have had a profound impact on the physical and living environment. Introduction: The number of organisms an ecosystem can support depends on the resources available and physical factors: quantity of light, air, and water; range of temperatures; soil composition. To ensure the survival of our planet, people have a responsibility to consider the impact of their actions on the environment. PERFORMANCE INDICATOR 7.1 - Describe how living things, including humans, depend upon the living and nonliving environment for their survival. Major Understandings: 7.1a A population consists of all individuals of a species that are found together at a given place and time. Populations living in one place form a community. The community and the physical factors with which it interacts compose an ecosystem.

M 6 SE/TE: 8-9, Explore the Big Question, 8, My Science Online, 9 Lab Zone, 9, Assess Your Understanding, 9

7.1b Given adequate resources and no disease or predators, populations (including humans) increase. Lack of resources, habitat destruction, and other factors such as predation and climate limit the growth of certain populations in the ecosystem.

M 6 SE/TE: 15-17, Figure, 15, 16, My Science Online, 15, Apply it, 17, Lab Zone, 17, Assess Your Understanding, 17

7.1c In all environments, organisms interact with one another in many ways. Relationships among organisms may be competitive, harmful, or beneficial. Some species have adapted to be dependent upon each other with the result that neither could survive without the other.

M 6 SE/TE: xx-3, 18-27, Big Ideas of Science, xx, The Big Question, xxii, Untamed Science, xxii, My Science Online, 1, 19, 21, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2, Vocab Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 18, My Planet Diary, 18, Lab Zone, 18, Vocabulary, 19, 20, 27, Assess Your Understanding, 20, 24, 27, Figure, 19, 21, 25, Apply it, 20, 27, Interactive Art, 23

7.1d Some microorganisms are essential to the survival of other living things.

M 8 SE/TE: 53-55, 63, 64-65, 70-73. My Science Online, 53, 71, Figure, 53, 63, 64,, 70, Apply it, 53, 71, Art in Motion, 54, Lab Zone, 55, 63, 65, 73, Assess Your Understanding, 55, 63, 65, 73, Do the Math, 65, Explore the Big Question, 72

7.1e The environment may contain dangerous levels of substances (pollutants) that are harmful to organisms. Therefore, the good health of environments and individuals requires the monitoring of soil, air, and water, and taking steps to keep them safe.

M 6 SE/TE: 82-85, 86-91, 142-151, Unlock The Big Question, 82, 142, Untamed Science, 82, My Science Online, 83, 87, Check Your Understanding, 84, My Reading Web, 84, Vocab Flash Cards, 85, Unlock The Big Question, 86, My Planet Diary, 86, 142, Lab Zone, 86, 89, 91, 142, Vocabulary, 87, 143, Assess Your Understanding, 89, 91, 146, 149, 151, Figure, 87, 88, 143, 144, 146, 147, 148, Apply it, 90, 145, Interactive Art, 91, 150, 151





PERFORMANCE INDICATOR 7.2 - Describe the effects of environmental changes on humans and other populations. Major Understandings: 7.2a In ecosystems, balance is the result of interactions between community members and their environment.

M 6 SE/TE: xx-3, 18-27, Big Ideas of Science, xx, The Big Question, xxii, Untamed Science, xxii, My Science Online, 1, 19, 21, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2, Vocab Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 18, My Planet Diary, 18, Lab Zone, 18, Vocabulary, 19, 20, 27, Assess Your Understanding, 20, 24, 27, Figure, 19, 21, 25, Apply it, 20, 27, Interactive Art, 23

7.2b The environment may be altered through the activities of organisms. Alterations are sometimes abrupt. Some species may replace others over time, resulting in long-term gradual changes (ecological succession).

M 6 SE/TE: 28-31, My Science Online, 29, Unlock The Big Question, 28, My Planet Diary, 28, Lab Zone, 18, 24, 27, 28, 31, Vocabulary, 29, Assess Your Understanding, 27, 31, Apply it, 27, 30

7.2c Overpopulation by any species impacts the environment due to the increased use of resources. Human activities can bring about environmental degradation through resource acquisition, urban growth, land-use decisions, waste disposal, etc.

M 6 SE/TE: 128-133, My Science Online, 129, 131, Unlock The Big Question, 128, My Planet Diary, 128, Lab Zone, 128, 129, 133, Vocabulary, 129, Assess Your Understanding, 129, 133, Figure, 130, 131, 133, Apply it, 132

7.2d Since the Industrial Revolution, human activities have resulted in major pollution of air, water, and soil. Pollution has cumulative ecological effects such as acid rain, global warming, or ozone depletion. The survival of living things on our planet depends on the conservation and protection of Earth’s resources.

M 6 SE/TE: 124-127, 128-133, The Big Question, 124, Untamed Science, 124, My Science Online, 125, 129, 131, Check Your Understanding, 126, My Reading Web, 126, Vocab Flash Cards, 127, Unlock The Big Question, 128, My Planet Diary, 128, Lab Zone, 128, 129, 133, Vocabulary, 129, Assess Your Understanding, 129, 133, Figure, 130, 131, 133, Apply it, 112, 132





STANDARD 4: The Physical Setting - Students will understand and apply scientific concepts, principles, and theories pertaining to the physical setting and living environment and recognize the historical development of ideas in science. Key Idea 1: The Earth and celestial phenomena can be described by principles of relative motion and perspective. Introduction: The universe is comprised of a wide array of objects, a few of which can be seen by the unaided eye. Others can only be observed with scientific instruments. These celestial objects, distinct from Earth, are in motion relative to Earth and each other. Measurements of these motions vary with the perspective of the observer. Cyclical changes on Earth are caused by interactions among objects in the universe. PERFORMANCE INDICATOR 1.1 - Explain daily, monthly, and seasonal changes on Earth. Major Understandings: 1.1a Earth's Sun is an average-sized star. The Sun is more than a million times greater in volume than Earth.

M 5 SE/TE: 88-93, Unlock the Big Question, 88, Explore the Big Question, 88, My Planet Diary, 88, Lab Zone, 88, 91, 93, My Science On-Line, 89, 93, Vocabulary, 89, Assess Your Understanding, 91, 93, Figure, 89, Do the Math, 91, Interactive Art, 95

1.1b Other stars are like the Sun but are so far away that they look like points of light. Distances between stars are vast compared to distances within our solar system.

M 5 SE/TE: 132-135, Unlock the Big Question, 132, 136, My Planet Diary, 132, Lab Zone, 132, 133, 135, My Science On-Line, 133, 135, Vocabulary, 133, Assess Your Understanding, 132, 133, 135, Figure, 133, 135, Do the Math, 134

1.1c The Sun and the planets that revolve around it are the major bodies in the solar system. Other members include comets, moons, and asteroids. Earth’s orbit is nearly circular.

M 5 SE/TE: 74-77, 78-81, 82-87, The Big Question, 74, Untamed science, 74, Check Your Understanding, 76, My Reading Web, 76, Vocab Flash Cards, 77, Unlock the Big Question, 78, 82, Explore the Big Question, 78, 82, Lab Zone, 78, 81, 82, 85, 87, My Science On-Line, 75, 79, 81, 83, 86, Vocabulary, 79, Assess Your Understanding, 81, 85, 87, Art in Motion, 86, Apply it, 79

1.1d Gravity is the force that keeps planets in orbit around the Sun and the Moon in orbit around the Earth.

M 5 SE/TE: 18-21, Unlock the Big Question, 18, Unlock the Big Question, 18, My Planet Diary, 18, Lab Zone, 18, 19, My Science On-Line, 19, 20, 21, Vocabulary, 19, 20, Assess Your Understanding, 19, 21, Do the Math, 20, Virtual Lab, 19





1.1e Most objects in the solar system have a regular and predictable motion. These motions explain such phenomena as a day, a year, phases of the Moon, eclipses, tides, meteor showers, and comets.

M 5 SE/TE: 10-17, Unlock the Big Question, 10, My Planet Diary, 10, Lab Zone, 10, 13, 17, Vocabulary, 11, Assess Your Understanding, 13, 17, Figure, 10, 14, 17, Do the Math, 17, Interactive Art, 15

1.1f The latitude/longitude coordinate system and our system of time are based on celestial observations.

M 3 SE/TE: 10-17, 18-23, My Science Online, 11, 15, 16, 17, 25, Unlock The Big Question, 10, 18, My Planet Diary,10, 18, Lab Zone, 10, 13, 15, 17, 18, 21, 23, Vocabulary, 11, 17, 25, Assess Your Understanding, 13, 15, 17, 21, 23, Figure, 11, 14, 19, 20, Apply it, 14, 16, 21, Art in Motion, 22, Real World Inquiry, 23

1.1g Moons are seen by reflected light. Our Moon orbits Earth, while Earth orbits the Sun. The Moon’s phases as observed from Earth are the result of seeing different portions of the lighted area of the Moon’s surface. The phases repeat in a cyclic pattern in about one month.

M 5 SE/TE: 24, Apply it, 24, Lab Zone, 24, Assess Your Understanding, 24

1.1h The apparent motions of the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars across the sky can be explained by Earth’s rotation and revolution. Earth’s rotation causes the length of one day to be approximately 24 hours. This rotation also causes the Sun and Moon to appear to rise along the eastern horizon and to set along the western horizon. Earth’s revolution around the Sun defines the length of the year as 365 1/4 days.

M 5 SE/TE: 10-17, Unlock the Big Question, 10, My Planet Diary, 10, Lab Zone, 10, 13, 17, Vocabulary, 11, Assess Your Understanding, 13, 17, Figure, 10, 14, 17, Do the Math, 17, Interactive Art, 15

1.1i The tilt of Earth’s axis of rotation and the revolution of Earth around the Sun cause seasons on Earth. The length of daylight varies depending on latitude and season.

M 5 SE/TE: 14-17, Interactive Art, 15, My Science Online, 15, Figure, 16, Do the Math, 17, Lab Zone, 17, Assess Your Understanding, 17

1.1j The shape of Earth, the other planets, and stars is nearly spherical.

M 5 SE/TE: 84-85, 94-101, 102-109, Unlock the Big Question, 94 102, Explore the Big Question, 94 102, My Planet Diary, 94 102, 105, Lab Zone, 94, 95, 101, 102, 103, 109, My Science On-Line, 95, 96, 103, Vocabulary, 95 103, Assess Your Understanding, 95, 101, 103, 109, Figure, 96, 98, 99, 100, 105, 106, 107, Apply it, 101, 109, Interactive Art, 84-85, 95, 103





Key Idea 2: Many of the phenomena that we observe on Earth involve interactions among components of air, water, and land. Introduction: Students should develop an understanding of Earth as a set of closely coupled systems. The concept of systems provides a framework in which students can investigate three major interacting components: lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. Processes act within and among the three components on a wide range of time scales to bring about continuous change in Earth’s crust, oceans, and atmosphere. PERFORMANCE INDICATOR 2.1 - Explain how the atmosphere (air), hydrosphere (water), and lithosphere (land) interact, evolve, and change. Major Understandings: 2.1a Nearly all the atmosphere is confined to a thin shell surrounding Earth. The atmosphere is a mixture of gases, including nitrogen and oxygen with small amounts of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other trace gases. The atmosphere is stratified into layers, each having distinct properties. Nearly all weather occurs in the lowest layer of the atmosphere.

M 4 SE/TE: 84-89, My Science Online, 85, 87, Unlock The Big Question, 84, My Planet Diary, 84, Lab Zone, 784, 85, 89, Vocabulary, 85, Assess Your Understanding, 85, 89, Figure, 86, Do the Math, 87

2.1b As altitude increases, air pressure decreases.

M 4 SE/TE: 82-83, Apply it, 82, My Science Online, 83, Virtual Lab, 83, Lab Zone, 83, Assess Your Understanding, 83

2.1c The rock at Earth’s surface forms a nearly continuous shell around Earth called the lithosphere.


2.1d The majority of the lithosphere is covered by a relatively thin layer of water called the hydrosphere.


2.1e Rocks are composed of minerals. Only a few rock-forming minerals make up most of the rocks of Earth. Minerals are identified on the basis of physical properties such as streak, hardness, and reaction to acid.

M 2 SE/TE: 28-31, 32-43, 44-47, The Big Question, 28, Untamed Science, 28, My Science Online, 29, 45, Check Your Understanding, 30, My Reading Web. 30, Vocab Flash Cards, 31, Unlock The Big Question, 44, My Planet Diary, 32, 44, Lab Zone, 32, 34, 39, 43, 44, 46, 47, Vocabulary, 33, 45, Assess Your Understanding, 34, 39, 43, 46, 47, Figure, 35, 36-37, 40, 42, 44, 45, 47, Do the Math, 37, Interactive Art, 38, Apply it, 46





2.1f Fossils are usually found in sedimentary rocks. Fossils can be used to study past climates and environments.

M 3 SE/TE: 100-103, 110-115, The Big Question, 100, Untamed Science, 100, My Science Online, 111, 114, 117, Check Your Understanding, 102, My Reading Web. 102, Vocab Flash Cards, 103, Unlock The Big Question, 110, My Planet Diary, 110, Lab Zone, 110, 113, 115, Vocabulary, 111, 117, Assess Your Understanding, 113, 115, Figure, 114, Apply it, 112, 115, Interactive Art, 113

2.1g The dynamic processes that wear away Earth’s surface include weathering and erosion.

M 3 SE/TE: 34-37, 38-45, 62-65, 66-69, 70-79, 80-85, 86-89, 90-93, 94-97, 98, The Big Question, 34, 62, Untamed Science, 34, 62, My Science Online, 35, 39, 41, 45, 63, 67, 71, 73, 81, 83, 87, 91, Check Your Understanding, 36, 64, My Reading Web, 36, 64, Vocab Flash Cards, 37, 65, Unlock The Big Question, 38, 66, 70, 80, 86, 90, Explore the Big Question, 77, Answer the Big Question, My Planet Diary, 66, 70, 80, 86, 90, Lab Zone, 38, 39, 43, 45, 66, 67, 69, 70, 79, 80, 82, 85, 86, 89, 90, 93, Vocabulary, 39, 67, 71, 81, 87, 91, Assess Your Understanding, 39, 43, 45, 67, 69, 79, 82, 85, 89, 93, Figure, 74, 75, 78, 81, 91, 92, Apply it, 69, 71, 79, 82, 89, 93, Do the Math, Virtual Lab, Interactive Art, 45, 68, 88, Art in Motion, 43, 84, Do the Math, 44, Interactive Art, 40, Real World Inquiry, 77, Study Guide, 94, Review and Assessment, 95-96, Standardized Test Prep, 97

2.1h The process of weathering breaks down rocks to form sediment. Soil consists of sediment, organic material, water, and air.

M 3 SE/TE: 34-37, 38-45, 46-51, 52-55, 56-59, 60 The Big Question, 34, Untamed Science, 34, My Science Online, 35, 39, 41, 45, 47, Check Your Understanding, 36, My Reading Web. 36, Vocab Flash Cards, 37, Unlock The Big Question, 38, 46, Explore the Big Question, 51, My Planet Diary, 38, 46, Lab Zone, 38, 39, 43, 45, 46, 49, 51, Vocabulary, 39, 47, Assess Your Understanding, 39, 43, 45, 49, 51, Figure, 42, 47, 49, Apply it, 45, 48, Do the Math, 44, Interactive Art, 40, 51, Art in Motion, 43





2.1i Erosion is the transport of sediment. Gravity is the driving force behind erosion. Gravity can act directly or through agents such as moving water, wind, and glaciers.

M 3 SE/TE: 34-37, 38-45, 62-65, 66-69, 70-79, 80-85, 86-89, 90-93, 94-97, 98, The Big Question, 34, 62, Untamed Science, 34, 62, My Science Online, 35, 39, 41, 45, 63, 67, 71, 73, 81, 83, 87, 91, Check Your Understanding, 36, 64, My Reading Web, 36, 64, Vocab Flash Cards, 37, 65, Unlock The Big Question, 38, 66, 70, 80, 86, 90, Explore the Big Question, 77, Answer the Big Question, My Planet Diary, 66, 70, 80, 86, 90, Lab Zone, 38, 39, 43, 45, 66, 67, 69, 70, 79, 80, 82, 85, 86, 89, 90, 93, Vocabulary, 39, 67, 71, 81, 87, 91, Assess Your Understanding, 39, 43, 45, 67, 69, 79, 82, 85, 89, 93, Figure, 74, 75, 78, 81, 91, 92, Apply it, 69, 71, 79, 82, 89, 93, Do the Math, Virtual Lab, Interactive Art, 45, 68, 88, Art in Motion, 43, 84, Do the Math, 44, Interactive Art, 40, Real World Inquiry, 77, Study Guide, 94, Review and Assessment, 95-96, Standardized Test Prep, 97

2.1j Water circulates through the atmosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere in what is known as the water cycle.

M 4 SE/TE: 8-9. 17, 118-119, Unlock the Big Question, 118, My Planet Diary, 118, Interactive Art, 8, My Science Online, 9, 17, 119, Apply it, 9, Lab Zone, 9, 17, 118, 119, Assess Your Understanding, 9, 17, 119, Explore the Big Question, 17

PERFORMANCE INDICATOR 2.2 - Describe volcano and earthquake patterns, the rock cycle, and weather and climate changes. Major Understandings: 2.2a The interior of Earth is hot. Heat flow and movement of material within Earth cause sections of Earth’s crust to move. This may result in earthquakes, volcanic eruption, and the creation of mountains and ocean basins.

M 2 SE/TE: 18-21, 22-25, 26, Unlock The Big Question, 18, My Planet Diary, 18, Lab Zone, 18, 19, 21, Vocabulary, 19, Assess Your Understanding, 19, 21, Apply it, 20, Art in Motion, 21, Study Guide, 22, Review and Assessment, 23-24, Standardized Test Prep, 25

2.2b Analysis of earthquake wave data (vibrational disturbances) leads to the conclusion that there are layers within Earth. These layers - the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core - have distinct properties.

M 2 SE/TE: xx-3, 10-17, 110-117, Bit Ideas of Science, xx, The Big Question, xxii, Untamed Science, xxii, My Science Online, 1, 5, 9, 11, 13, 19, 21, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2, Vocab Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 10, 110, My Planet Diary, 10, 110, Lab Zone, 10, 11, 17, 115, 117, Vocabulary, 5, 11, 19, 111, Assess Your Understanding, 711, 17, 115, 117, Figure, 12, 14, 15, 112, Do the Math, 15, 116, Interactive Art, 114





2.2c Folded, tilted, faulted, and displaced rock layers suggest past crustal movement.

M 2 SE/TE: 98-101, 102-109, The Big Question, 98, Untamed Science, 98, My Science Online, 99, 103, 105, 107, Check Your Understanding, 100, My Reading Web. 100, Vocab Flash Cards, 101, Unlock The Big Question, 102, My Planet Diary, 102, Lab Zone, 102, 103, 105, 109, Vocabulary, 103, Assess Your Understanding, 103, 105, 109, Figure, 106, 108, 109, Apply it, 105, Art in Motion, 104

2.2d Continents fitting together like puzzle parts and fossil correlations provided initial evidence that continents were once together.

M 2 SE/TE: 72-75, 76-79, The Big Question, 72, Untamed Science, 72, My Science Online, 73, 77, Check Your Understanding, 74, My Reading Web. 74, Vocab Flash Cards, 75, Unlock The Big Question, 76, My Planet Diary, 76, Lab Zone, 76, 79, Vocabulary, 77, Assess Your Understanding, 79, Figure, 77, Apply it, 79, Interactive Art, 78

2.2e The Theory of Plate Tectonics explains how the ‘solid’ lithosphere consists of a series of plates that ‘float’ on the partially molten section of the mantle. Convection cells within the mantle may be the driving force for the movement of the plates.

M 2 SE/TE: 86-91, Unlock The Big Question, 86, Explore the Big Question, 90, Answer the Big Question, My Planet Diary, 86, Lab Zone, 86, 91, Vocabulary, 87, Assess Your Understanding, 85, 91, Figure, 89, 90, 91, Apply it, 85, Do the Math, 89, Virtual Lab, Interactive Art, 88

2.2f Plates may collide, move apart, or slide past one another. Most volcanic activity and mountain building occur at the boundaries of these plates, often resulting in earthquakes.

M 2 SE/TE: 130-133, 134-137, The Big Question, 130, Untamed Science, 130. My Science Online, 131, 135, Check Your Understanding, 132, My Reading Web. 132, Vocab Flash Cards, 133, Unlock The Big Question, 134, My Planet Diary, 134, Lab Zone, 134, 137, Vocabulary, 135, Assess Your Understanding, 137, Figure, 135, Apply it, 137

2.2g Rocks are classified according to their method of formation. The three classes of rocks are sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous. Most rocks show characteristics that give clues to their formation conditions.

M 2 SE/TE: 28-31, 44-47, The Big Question, 28, Untamed Science, 28, My Science Online, 29, 45, Check Your Understanding, 30, My Reading Web. 30, Vocab Flash Cards, 31, Unlock The Big Question, 44, My Planet Diary, 44, Lab Zone, 43, 44, 46, 47, Vocabulary, 45, Assess Your Understanding, 46, 47, Figure, 44, 45, 47, Apply it, 46

2.2h The rock cycle model shows how types of rock or rock material may be transformed from one type of rock to another.

M 2 SE/TE: 62-65, Unlock The Big Question, 62, Explore the Big Question, 64, My Planet Diary, 62, Lab Zone, 62, 65, Vocabulary, 33, 45, 49, 53, 57, 59, 63, Assess Your Understanding, 65, Figure, 63, Apply it, 61





2.2i Weather describes the conditions of the atmosphere at a given location for a short period of time.

M 4 SE/TE: 74

2.2j Climate is the characteristic weather that prevails from season to season and year to year.

M4 SE/TE: 56, 162-165, 166-173, The Big Question, 162, Untamed Science, 162, My Science Online, 163, 67, 173, Check Your Understanding, 164, My Reading Web, 164, Vocab Flash Cards, 165, Unlock The Big Question, 166, My Planet Diary, 166, Lab Zone, 166, 171, 173, Vocabulary, 167, Assess Your Understanding, 171, 173, Figure, 167, 168, 171, 172, 173, Apply it, 56, 170, Virtual Lab, 169

2.2k The uneven heating of Earth’s surface is the cause of weather.

M 4 SE/TE: 103-107, My Science Online, 103, Figure, 103, 104, Apply it, 105, Interactive Art, 106, Explore the Big Question, 107, Lab Zone, 107, Assess Your Understanding, 107

2.2l Air masses form when air remains nearly stationary over a large section of Earth's surface and takes on the conditions of temperature and humidity from that location. Weather conditions at a location are determined primarily by temperature, humidity, and pressure of air masses over that location.


2.2m Most local weather condition changes are caused by movement of air masses.


2.2n The movement of air masses is determined by prevailing winds and upper air currents.

M 4 SE/TE: 135, Figure, 135, Lab Zone, 135, Assess Your Understanding, 135

2.2o Fronts are boundaries between air masses. Precipitation is likely to occur at these boundaries.

M 4 SE/TE: 135-137, Interactive Art, 136, My Science Online, 137, Lab Zone, 137, Assess Your Understanding, 137

2.2p High-pressure systems generally bring fair weather. Low-pressure systems usually bring cloudy, unstable conditions. The general movement of highs and lows is from west to east across the United States.






2.2q Hazardous weather conditions include thunderstorms, tornadoes, hurricanes, ice storms, and blizzards. Humans can prepare for and respond to these conditions if given sufficient warning.

M 4 SE/TE: 140-149, My Science Online, 141, 149, Unlock The Big Question, 140, My Planet Diary, 140, Lab Zone, 140, 147, 149, Assess Your Understanding, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 147, 148, 149, Figure, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 147, 148, Apply it, 149

2.2r Substances enter the atmosphere naturally and from human activity. Some of these substances include dust from volcanic eruptions and greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor. These substances can affect weather, climate, and living things.

M 4 SE/TE: 184-189, 190-195, My Science Online, 185, 187, 191, Unlock The Big Question, 184, 190, Explore the Big Question, 195, Answer the Big Question, 195, My Planet Diary, 184, 190, Lab Zone, 184, 186, 189, 190, 195, Vocabulary, 185, 191, Assess Your Understanding, 186, 189, 195, Figure, 185, 188, Apply it, 194, Do the Math, 188, Interactive Art, 187, Art in Motion, 191

Key Idea 3: Matter is made up of particles whose properties determine the observable characteristics of matter and its reactivity. Introduction: Objects in the universe are composed of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. Matter is classified as a substance or a mixture of substances. Knowledge of the structure of matter is essential to students’ understanding of the living and physical environments. Matter is composed of elements which are made of small particles called atoms. All living and nonliving material is composed of these elements or combinations of these elements. PERFORMANCE INDICATOR 3.1 - Observe and describe properties of materials, such as density, conductivity, and solubility. Major Understandings: 3.1a Substances have characteristic properties. Some of these properties include color, odor, phase at room temperature, density, solubility, heat and electrical conductivity, hardness, and boiling and freezing points.

M 10 SE/TE: xx-3, 4-7, 204-211, 213-216, Big Ideas of Science, xx, The Big Question, xxii, Untamed Science, xxii, Unlock The Big Question, 204, My Science Online, 1, 5, 205, 207, 213, 215, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2, Vocab Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 4, 8, Explore the Big Question, 210, Answer the Big Question, 211,My Planet Diary, 4, 204, Lab Zone, 4, 7, 204, 206, 211, 214, 217, Vocabulary, 5, 9, 205, 213, Assess Your Understanding, 7, 214, 217, Apply it, 7, Figure, 205, 207, 208, 215, 216, Apply it, 209, 217, Do the Math, 206





3.1b Solubility can be affected by the nature of the solute and solvent, temperature, and pressure. The rate of solution can be affected by the size of the particles, stirring, temperature, and the amount of solute already dissolved.

M 10 SE/TE: 204-211, My Science Online, 205, 207, Unlock The Big Question, 204, Explore the Big Question, 210, Answer the Big Question, 211, My Planet Diary, 204, Lab Zone, 204, 206, 211, Vocabulary, 205, Assess Your Understanding, 206, 211, Figure, 205, 207, 208, Apply it, 209, Do the Math, 206

3.1c The motion of particles helps to explain the phases (states) of matter as well as changes from one phase to another. The phase in which matter exists depends on the attractive forces among its particles.

M10 SE/TE: 36-39, 40-47, 48-55, The Big Question, 36, Untamed Science, 36, My Science Online, 37, 41, 43, 45, 49, 51, 53, Check Your Understanding, 38, My Reading Web, 38, Vocab Flash Cards, 39, Unlock The Big Question, 40, 48, Explore the Big Question, 54, Answer the Big Question, 55, My Planet Diary, 40, 48, Lab Zone, 40, 42, 44, 47, 48, 50, 52, 55, Vocabulary, 41, 49, Assess Your Understanding, 42, 44, 47, 50, 52, 55, Figure, 41, 43, 47, 51, Apply it, 50, Do the Math, 46, Virtual Lab, Interactive Art, 45

3.1d Gases have neither a determined shape nor a definite volume. Gases assume the shape and volume of a closed container.

M 10 SE/TE: 45-47, 48-55, My Science Online, 45, 49, 51, 53, Unlock The Big Question, 48, Explore the Big Question, 54, Answer the Big Question, 55, My Planet Diary, 48, Interactive Art, 45, Do the Math, 46, Lab Zone, 47, 48, 50, 52, 55, Vocabulary, 49, 47, 50, 52, 55, Figure, 51, Apply it, 50

3.1e A liquid has definite volume, but takes the shape of a container.

M 10 SE/TE: 43-44, My Science Online, 43, Figure, 43, Lab Zone, 44, Assess Your Understanding, 44

3.1f A solid has definite shape and volume. Particles resist a change in position.

M 10 SE/TE: 41-42, My Science Online,41, Figure, 41, Lab Zone, 42, Assess Your Understanding, 42

3.1g Characteristic properties can be used to identify different materials, and separate a mixture of substances into its components. For example, iron can be removed from a mixture by means of a magnet. An insoluble substance can be separated from a soluble substance by such processes as filtration, settling, and evaporation.

M 10 SE/TE: 12-13, My Science Online, 13, Lab Zone, 13, Assess Your Understanding, 13

3.1h Density can be described as the amount of matter that is in a given amount of space. If two objects have equal volume, but one has more mass, the one with more mass is denser.

M 10 SE/TE: 18-19, Lab Zone, 18, Apply it, 18, Assess Your Understanding, 19





3.1i Buoyancy is determined by comparative densities.

M 10 SE/TE: 14, 18-19, Unlock the Big Question, 14, My Planet Diary, 14, Lab Zone, 14, 18, Apply it, 18, Assess Your Understanding, 19

PERFORMANCE INDICATOR 3.2 - Distinguish between chemical and physical changes. Major Understandings: 3.2a During a physical change a substance keeps its chemical composition and properties. Examples of physical changes include freezing, melting, condensation, boiling, evaporation, tearing, and crushing.

M 10 SE/TE: 20-22, 164, 166-167, Unlock the Big Question, 20, My Planet Diary, 20, Lab Zone, 20, My Science Online, 21, 167, Vocabulary, 21, Figure, 22, 166-167, Lab Zone, 22, Assess Your Understanding, 22

3.2b Mixtures are physical combinations of materials and can be separated by physical means.

M 10 SE/TE: 12-13, My Science Online, 13, Lab Zone, 13, Assess Your Understanding, 13

3.2c During a chemical change, substances react in characteristic ways to form new substances with different physical and chemical properties. Examples of chemical changes include burning of wood, cooking of an egg, rusting of iron, and souring of milk.

M 10 SE/TE: 158-161, 162-169, The Big Question, 158, Untamed Science, 158, My Science Online, 159, 163, 167, Check Your Understanding, 160, My Reading Web, 160, Vocab Flash Cards, 161, Unlock The Big Question, 162, 170, 182, Explore the Big Question, 178, Answer the Big Question, 179, My Planet Diary, 162, Lab Zone, 162, 165, 169, Vocabulary, 163, Assess Your Understanding, 165, 169, Apply it, 164, Do the Math, 169, Virtual Lab, 168, Interactive Art, 164

3.2d Substances are often placed in categories if they react in similar ways. Examples include metals, nonmetals, and noble gases.

M 10 SE/TE: 88-95, 96-105, My Science Online, 89, 97, 99, Unlock The Big Question, 88, 96, Explore the Big Question, 104, Answer the Big Question, 105, My Planet Diary, 88, 96, Lab Zone, 87, 88, 91, 95, 96, 98, 105, Vocabulary, 89, 97, Assess Your Understanding, 91, 95, 98, 105, Figure, 89, 90, 93, 97, Apply it, 91, 98, Do the Math, 93

3.2e The Law of Conservation of Mass states that during an ordinary chemical reaction matter cannot be created or destroyed. In chemical reactions, the total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products.

M 10 SE/TE: 174-179, Interactive Art, 25,174, Lab Zone, 25, 179, Assess Your Understanding, 25, 179, Figure, 175, My Science Online, 175, Do the Math, 177, Explore the Big Question, 178-179





PERFORMANCE INDICATOR 3.3 - Develop mental models to explain common chemical reactions and changes in states of matter. Major Understandings: 3.3a All matter is made up of atoms. Atoms are far too small to see with a light microscope.

M 10 SE/TE: xx-3, 8-13, Big Ideas of Science, xx, The Big Question, xxii, Untamed Science, xxii, My Science Online, 1, 5, 9, 13, 15, 19, 21, 27, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2, Vocab Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 8, , My Planet Diary, 8, Lab Zone, 8, 11, 13, Vocabulary, 9, Assess Your Understanding, 11, 13, 30, Figure, 10, 12, Apply it, 9, Art in Motion, 11

3.3b Atoms and molecules are perpetually in motion. The greater the temperature, the greater the motion.

M 10 SE/TE: 48-55, My Science Online, 49, 51, 53, Unlock The Big Question, 48, Explore the Big Question, 54, Answer the Big Question, 55, My Planet Diary, 48, Lab Zone, 48, 50, 52, 55, Vocabulary, 49, Assess Your Understanding50, 52, 55, Figure, 51, Apply it, 50

3.3c Atoms may join together in well-defined molecules or may be arranged in regular geometric patterns.

M 10 SE/TE: 41-44, 49-50, My Science Online,41, 43, 49, Figure, 41, 43, 49, Apply it, 50, Lab Zone, 42, 44, 50, Assess Your Understanding, 42, 44, 50

3.3d Interactions among atoms and/or molecules result in chemical reactions.

M 10 SE/TE: 158-161, 170-181, The Big Question, 158, Untamed Science, 158, My Science Online, 159, 171, 175, 181, Check Your Understanding, 160, My Reading Web, 160, Vocab Flash Cards, 161, Unlock The Big Question, 162, 170, Explore the Big Question, 178, Answer the Big Question, 179, My Planet Diary, 170, Lab Zone, 165, 169, 170, 173, 179, 181, Vocabulary, 171, Assess Your Understanding, 181, Figure, 171, 175, Apply it, 173, 180, Do the Math, 177, Interactive Art, 174

3.3e The atoms of any one element are different from the atoms of other elements.

M 10 SE/TE: 120-123, 124-129, The Big Question, 120, Untamed Science, 120, My Science Online, 121, 125, Check Your Understanding, 122, My Reading Web, 122, Vocab Flash Cards, 123, Unlock The Big Question, 124, My Planet Diary, 124, Lab Zone, 124, 129, Vocabulary, 125, Assess Your Understanding, 129, Apply it, 127, Virtual Lab, 128, Interactive Art, 126





3.3f There are more than 100 elements. Elements combine in a multitude of ways to produce compounds that account for all living and nonliving substances. Few elements are found in their pure form.

M 10 SE/TE: 120-123, 124-129, The Big Question, 120, Untamed Science, 120, My Science Online, 121, 125, Check Your Understanding, 122, My Reading Web, 122, Vocab Flash Cards, 123, Unlock The Big Question, 124, My Planet Diary, 124, Lab Zone, 124, 129, Vocabulary, 125, Assess Your Understanding, 129, Apply it, 127, Virtual Lab, 128, Interactive Art, 126

3.3g The periodic table is one useful model for classifying elements. The periodic table can be used to predict properties of elements (metals, nonmetals, noble gases).

M 10 SE/TE: 120-123, 124-129, 232-233, The Big Question, 120, Untamed Science, 120, My Science Online, 121, 125, Check Your Understanding, 122, My Reading Web, 122, Vocab Flash Cards, 123, Unlock The Big Question, 124, My Planet Diary, 124, Lab Zone, 124, 129, Vocabulary, 125, Assess Your Understanding, 129, Apply it, 127, Virtual Lab, 128, Interactive Art, 126, Appendix C, 232-233

Key Idea 4: Energy exists in many forms, and when these forms change energy is conserved. Introduction: An underlying principle of all energy use is the Law of Conservation of Energy. Simply stated, energy cannot be created or destroyed. Energy can be transformed, one form to another. These transformations produce heat energy. Heat is a calculated value which includes the temperature of the material, the mass of the material, and the type of the material. Temperature is a direct measurement of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of material. It should be noted that temperature is not a measurement of heat. PERFORMANCE INDICATOR 4.1 - Describe the sources and identify the transformations of energy observed in everyday life. Major Understandings: 4.1a The Sun is a major source of energy for Earth. Other sources of energy include nuclear and geothermal energy.

M 5 SE/TE: 88-93, Unlock the Big Question, 88, Explore the Big Question, 88, My Planet Diary, 88, Lab Zone, 88, 91, 93, My Science On-Line, 89, 93, Vocabulary, 89, Assess Your Understanding, 91, 93, Figure, 89, Do the Math, 91, Interactive Art, 95

4.1b Fossil fuels contain stored solar energy and are considered nonrenewable resources. They are a major source of energy in the United States. Solar energy, wind, moving water, and biomass are some examples of renewable energy resources.

M 11 SE/TE: 108, 130, Lab Zone, 108, Assess Your Understanding, 108, Museum of Science, 130





4.1c Most activities in everyday life involve one form of energy being transformed into another. For example, the chemical energy in gasoline is transformed into mechanical energy in an automobile engine. Energy, in the form of heat, is almost always one of the products of energy transformations.

M 11 SE/TE: 120-125, 130-131, Unlock The Big Question, 120, Explore the Big Question, 124, Answer the Big Question, 125, My Planet Diary, 120, Lab Zone, 120, 123, 125, Vocabulary, 121, Assess Your Understanding, 123, 125, Figure, 122, 123, Apply it, 121, Interactive Art, 121, Museum of Science, 130, Everyday Science, 131

4.1d Different forms of energy include heat, light, electrical, mechanical, sound, nuclear, and chemical. Energy is transformed in many ways.

M 11 SE/TE: 114-119, 127-129, Unlock The Big Question, 114, My Science Online, 115, My Planet Diary, 114, Lab Zone, 114, 116, 119, Vocabulary, 115, Assess Your Understanding, 116, 119, Figure, 115, 117, Apply it, 116, 121, Interactive Art, 118, Review and Assessment, 127-128, Standardized Test Prep, 129

4.1e Energy can be considered to be either kinetic energy, which is the energy of motion, or potential energy, which depends on relative position.

M 11 SE/TE: 104-107, 108-113, 120-125, 127-129, The Big Question, 104, Untamed Science, 104, My Science Online, 105, 109, 111, 121, 125, Check Your Understanding, 106, My Reading Web, 106, Vocab Flash Cards, 107, Unlock The Big Question, 108, 120, Explore the Big Question, 124, Answer the Big Question, 125, My Planet Diary, 114, 120, Lab Zone, 108, 109, 113, 114, 116, 119, 120, 123, 125, Vocabulary, 109, 121, Assess Your Understanding, 109, 113, 123, 125, Figure, 112, 113, 122, 123, Apply it, 121, Do the Math, 111, Interactive Art, 122, Art in Motion, 110, Review and Assessment, 127-128, Standardized Test Prep, 129

PERFORMANCE INDICATOR 4.2 - Observe and describe heating and cooling events. Major Understandings: 4.2a Heat moves in predictable ways, flowing from warmer objects to cooler ones, until both reach the same temperature.

M 11 SE/TE: 139, My Science Online, 139, Lab Zone, 139, Assess Your Understanding, 139, Virtual Lab, 139

4.2b Heat can be transferred through matter by the collisions of atoms and/or molecules (conduction) or through space (radiation). In a liquid or gas, currents will facilitate the transfer of heat (convection).

M 11 SE/TE: 140-143, 152, 153, Unlock The Big Question, 140, Explore the Big Question, 142, Answer the Big Question, 143, My Planet Diary, 140, Lab Zone, 140, 143, Vocabulary, 141, Assess Your Understanding, 143, Figure, 141, Apply it, 143, Frontiers of Technology, 152, Everyday Science, 153





4.2c During a phase change, heat energy is absorbed or released. Energy is absorbed when a solid changes to a liquid and when a liquid changes to a gas. Energy is released when a gas changes to a liquid and when a liquid changes to a solid.

M 10 SE/TE: 48-55, My Science Online, 49, 51, 53, Unlock The Big Question, 48, Explore the Big Question, 54, Answer the Big Question, 55, My Planet Diary, 48, Lab Zone, 48, 50, 52, 55, Vocabulary, 49, Assess Your Understanding, 50, 52, 55, Figure, 51, Apply it, 50

4.2d Most substances expand when heated and contract when cooled. Water is an exception, expanding when changing to ice.

M 10 SE/TE: 6, 49-50, 54-55, 203, My Science Online, 49, 203, Figure, 49, Apply it, 50, Lab Zone, 50, 55, 203, Assess Your Understanding, 50, 55, Explore the Big Question, 54-55, Answer the Big Question, 55, 203, Do the Math, 203

4.2e Temperature affects the solubility of some substances in water.

M 10 SE/TE: 204-211, My Science Online, 205, 207, Unlock The Big Question, 204, Explore the Big Question, 210, Answer the Big Question, 211, My Planet Diary, 204, Lab Zone, 204, 206, 211, Vocabulary, 205, Assess Your Understanding, 206, 211, Figure, 205, 207, 208, Apply it, 209, Do the Math, 206

PERFORMANCE INDICATOR 4.3 - Observe and describe energy changes as related to chemical reactions. Major Understandings: 4.3a In chemical reactions, energy is transferred into or out of a system. Light, electricity, or mechanical motion may be involved in such transfers in addition to heat.

M 10 SE/TE: 168-169, 178-179, Virtual Lab, 168, Do the Math, 169, Lab Zone, 169, Assess Your Understanding, 178-179, Figure, 175, Explore the Big Question, 178-179, Answer the Big Question, 179

PERFORMANCE INDICATOR 4.4 - Observe and describe the properties of sound, light, magnetism, and electricity. Major Understandings: 4.4a Different forms of electromagnetic energy have different wavelengths. Some examples of electromagnetic energy are microwaves, infrared light, visible light, ultraviolet light, X-rays, and gamma rays.

M 12 SE/TE: 64-67, 72-79, The Big Question, 64, Untamed science, 64, Check Your Understanding, 66, My Reading Web, 66,, Vocab Flash Cards, 67, Unlock the Big Question, 68, 72, Explore the Big Question, 79, My Planet Diary, Lab Zone, 73, 79, My Science On-Line, 64, 73, 75, Vocabulary, 73, Assess Your Understanding, 71, 73, Figure, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, Apply it, 75, Interactive Art, 79





4.4b Light passes through some materials, sometimes refracting in the process. Materials absorb and reflect light, and may transmit light. To see an object, light from that object, emitted by or reflected from it, must enter the eye.

M 12 SE/TE: 104-109, 110-117, 118-121, Explore the Big Question, 113, Unlock the Big Question, 118, Lab Zone, 105, 109, 114, 117, 118, My Science On-Line, 105, 107, 111, 115, 119, 123, Vocabulary, 105, 111, 119, 123, Assess Your Understanding, 105, 109, 114, 117, 121, Figure, 105, 106, 107, 111, 115, 116, 120, Apply it, 109, 117, 119, Do the Math, 112, Interactive Art, 108, 116, Art in Motion, 113

4.4c Vibrations in materials set up wave-like disturbances that spread away from the source. Sound waves are an example. Vibrational waves move at different speeds in different materials. Sound cannot travel in a vacuum.

M 12 SE/TE: 30-33, 34-39, 40-45, The Big Question, 30, Untamed science, 30, Check Your Understanding, 32, My Reading Web, 32, Vocab Flash Cards, 33, Unlock the Big Question, 34, My Planet Diary, 34, Lab Zone, 34, 36, 39, 41, 43, 45, My Science On-Line, 30, 35, 43, 45, Vocabulary, 30, 35, 43, 45, Assess Your Understanding, 36, 39, 41, 43, 45, Figure, 35, 36, 37, 41, 42, Do the Math, 38, Interactive Art, 39

4.4d Electrical energy can be produced from a variety of energy sources and can be transformed into almost any other form of energy.

M 11 SE/TE: 118, 212-217, My Science Online, 213, 215, 217, Unlock The Big Question, 212, My Planet Diary, 212, Lab Zone, 212, 213, 215, 217, Vocabulary, 213, Assess Your Understanding, 213, 215, 217, Figure, 213, 214, 217, Do the Math, 215, Virtual Lab, Interactive Art, 217

4.4e Electrical circuits provide a means of transferring electrical energy.

M 11 SE/TE: 174-181, My Science Online, 175, 177, Unlock The Big Question, 174, Explore the Big Question, 180-181,My Planet Diary, 174, Lab Zone, 174, 181, Vocabulary, 159, 167, 175, 183, Assess Your Understanding, 181, Figure, 177, 178, 179, Do the Math, 176

4.4f Without touching them, material that has been electrically charged attracts uncharged material, and may either attract or repel other charged material.

M 11 SE/TE: 154-157, 158-165, The Big Question, 154, Untamed Science, 154, My Science Online, 155, Check Your Understanding, 156, My Reading Web, 156, Vocab Flash Cards, 157, Unlock The Big Question, 158, My Planet Diary, 158, Lab Zone, 158, Vocabulary, 159, Assess Your Understanding, 160, 165, Figure, 159, 160, 161, 165, Art in Motion, 163





4.4g Without direct contact, a magnet attracts certain materials and either attracts or repels other magnets. The attractive force of a magnet is greatest at its poles.

M 11 SE/TE: 196-199, 200-205, My Science Online, 197, 199, 201, 205, Unlock The Big Question, 196, 200, My Planet Diary, 196, 200, Lab Zone, 196, 199, 200, 203, 205, Vocabulary, 197, 201, Assess Your Understanding, 199, 203, 205, Figure, 201, 204, Apply it, 199, 203, Do the Math, 205, Interactive Art, 202, Art in Motion, 198

PERFORMANCE INDICATOR 4.5 - Describe situations that support the principle of conservation of energy. Major Understandings: 4.5a Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only changed from one form into another.

M 11 SE/TE: 124-125, Explore the Big Question, 124-125, Lab Zone, 125, Assess Your Understanding, 125, My Science Online, 125

4.5b Energy can change from one form to another, although in the process some energy is always converted to heat. Some systems transform energy with less loss of heat than others.

M 11 SE/TE: 114-119, 120-125, Unlock The Big Question, 114, 120, My Science Online, 115, 121, My Planet Diary, 114, 120, Explore the Big Question, 124, Answer the Big Question, 125, Lab Zone, 114, 116, 119, 120, Vocabulary, 115, 121, Assess Your Understanding, 116, 119, Figure, 115, 117, 122, 123,Apply it, 116, 121, Interactive Art, 118, 121

Key Idea 5: Energy and matter interact through forces that result in changes in motion. Introduction: Examples of objects in motion can be seen all around us. These motions result from an interaction of energy and matter. This interaction creates forces (pushes and pulls) that produce predictable patterns of change. Common forces would include gravity, magnetism, and electricity. Friction is a force that should always be considered in a discussion of motion. When the forces acting on an object are unbalanced, changes in that object’s motion occur. The changes could include a change in speed or a change in direction. When the forces are balanced, the motion of that object will remain unchanged. Understanding the laws that govern motion allows us to predict these changes in motion. PERFORMANCE INDICATOR 5.1 - Describe different patterns of motion of objects. Major Understandings: 5.1a The motion of an object is always judged with respect to some other object or point. The idea of absolute motion or rest is misleading.

M 11 SE/TE: xx-3, 4-7, The Big Question, xx, Untamed Science, xx, My Science Online, 1, 5, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2, Vocab Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 4, My Planet Diary, 4, Lab Zone, 4, 7, Vocabulary, 5, Assess Your Understanding, 7, Figure, 7, Apply it, 6, Art in Motion, 5





5.1b The motion of an object can be described by its position, direction of motion, and speed.

M 11 SE/TE: xx-3, 4-7, The Big Question, xx, Untamed Science, xx, My Science Online, 1, 5, Check Your Understanding, 2, My Reading Web, 2, Vocab Flash Cards, 3, Unlock The Big Question, 4, My Planet Diary, 4, Lab Zone, 4, 7, Vocabulary, 5, Assess Your Understanding, 7, Figure, 7, Apply it, 6, Art in Motion, 5

5.1c An object’s motion is the result of the combined effect of all forces acting on the object. A moving object that is not subjected to a force will continue to move at a constant speed in a straight line. An object at rest will remain at rest.

M 11 SE/TE: 44-45, My Science Online, 45, Unlock The Big Question, 44, My Planet Diary, 44, Lab Zone, 44, 45, Vocabulary, 45, Assess Your Understanding, 45, Figure, 45

5.1d Force is directly related to an object’s mass and acceleration. The greater the force, the greater the change in motion.

M 11 SE/TE: 46-47, My Science Online, 47, My Planet Diary, 44, Lab Zone, 47, Assess Your Understanding, 47, Figure, 46

5.1e For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

M 11 SE/TE: 48-49, My Science Online, 49, Figure, 48, 49

PERFORMANCE INDICATOR 5.2 - Observe, describe, and compare effects of forces (gravity, electric current, and magnetism) on the motion of objects. Major Understandings: 5.2a Every object exerts gravitational force on every other object. Gravitational force depends on how much mass the objects have and on how far apart they are. Gravity is one of the forces acting on orbiting objects and projectiles.

M 11 SE/TE: 36-43, My Science Online, 37, 41, Unlock The Big Question, 36, My Planet Diary, 36, Lab Zone, 36, 41, 43, Vocabulary, 37, Assess Your Understanding, 41, 43, Figure, 38-39, 41, 42, Apply it, 40, Art in Motion, 37

5.2b Electric currents and magnets can exert a force on each other.

M 11 SE/TE: 218-225, My Science Online, 225, Unlock The Big Question, 218, Answer the Big Question, 223, My Planet Diary, 218, Lab Zone, 218, 221, 223, 225, Vocabulary, 219, Assess Your Understanding, 221, 223, 225, Figure, 221, 224, Apply it, Do the Math, 225

5.2c Machines transfer mechanical energy from one object to another.

M 11 SE/TE: 114-119, Unlock The Big Question, 114, My Science Online, 115, My Planet Diary, 114, Lab Zone, 114, 116, 119, Vocabulary, 115, , Assess Your Understanding, 116, 119, Figure, 115, 117, Apply it, 116, 121, Interactive Art, 118





5.2d Friction is a force that opposes motion.

M 11 SE/TE: 36-43, My Science Online, 37, 41, Unlock The Big Question, 36, My Planet Diary, 36, Lab Zone, 36, 41, 43, Vocabulary, 37, Assess Your Understanding, 41, 43, Figure, 38-39, 41, 42, Apply it, 40, Art in Motion, 37

5.2e A machine can be made more efficient by reducing friction. Some common ways of reducing friction include lubricating or waxing surfaces.

M 11 SE/TE: 36-40, My Science Online, 37, Unlock The Big Question, 36, My Planet Diary, 36, Lab Zone, 36, Vocabulary, 37, Assess Your Understanding, 41, Figure, 38-39, Apply it, 40, Art in Motion, 37

5.2f Machines can change the direction or amount of force, or the distance or speed of force required to do work.

M 11 SE/TE: 76-81, Unlock The Big Question, 76, My Planet Diary, 76, Lab Zone, 76, 79, 80, 83, Vocabulary, 77, 85, Assess Your Understanding, 79, 80, Figure, 77, 78, 80, Art in Motion, 90 TE: Engage, 76, Explore, 76. Explain, 77, 78, 80, Elaborate, 77, 81, Evaluate, 79, 81, ELL Support, 77, 78, 21th Century Learning, 77, 78, Differentiated Instruction, 79, 81, Build Inquiry, 79, RTI, 79, 81, Assess Your Understanding, 83D, Key Concept Summaries, 83E, Teach with Visuals, 77, 80, Review and Reinforce, 83E, Enrich, 83F, Address Misconceptions, 81

5.2g Simple machines include a lever, a pulley, a wheel and axle, and an inclined plane. A complex machine uses a combination of interacting simple machines, e.g., a bicycle.

M11 SE/TE: 84-91, 92-97, My Science Online, 85, 89, 93, 97, Unlock The Big Question, 84, 92, Explore the Big Question, 97, Answer the Big Question, 97, My Planet Diary, 84, 92, Lab Zone, 84, 87, 91, 92, 95, 97, Vocabulary, 85, 93, Assess Your Understanding, 87, 91, 95, Figure, 87, 91, 93, 95, 97, Apply it, 85, 89, 94, Interactive Art, 94, Art in Motion, 90 TE: Engage, Explore, 84, 92, Explain, 85, 86, 88, 90, 91, 94, 96, Elaborate, 85, 86, 89, 90, 91, 95, 97, Evaluate, 87, 91, 95, 97, ELL Support, 85, 93, 21st Century Learning, 85, 88, 89, 94, Professional Development Note, 86, Differentiated Instruction, 87, 89, 90,95, 97, RTI, 87, 91, 95, 97, Teacher Demo, 90, Lab Zone, 91A, 97A, Assess Your Understanding, 91B, 97B, Key Concept Summaries, 91C, 97C, Review and Reinforce, 91D, 97D, Enrich, 91E, 97E, Lesson Quiz, 91F, 97F, Teach with Visuals, 93, Teach Key Concept, 93, Address Misconceptions, 95, Make Analogies, 96

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