Pearson correlation table

  One Tailed Probabilities

  0.05 0.025 0.005 0.0005

  Two-Tailed Probabilities

N 0.1 0.05 0.01 0.001

4 0.900 0.950 0.990 0.999

5 0.805 0.878 0.959 0.991

6 0.729 0.811 0.917 0.974

7 0.669 0.754 0.875 0.951

8 0.621 0.707 0.834 0.925

9 0.582 0.666 0.798 0.898

10 0.549 0.632 0.765 0.872

11 0.521 0.602 0.735 0.847

12 0.497 0.576 0.708 0.823

13 0.476 0.553 0.684 0.801

14 0.458 0.532 0.661 0.780

15 0.441 0.514 0.641 0.760

16 0.426 0.497 0.623 0.742

17 0.412 0.482 0.606 0.725

18 0.400 0.468 0.590 0.708

19 0.389 0.456 0.575 0.693

20 0.378 0.444 0.561 0.679

21 0.369 0.433 0.549 0.665

22 0.360 0.423 0.537 0.652

23 0.352 0.413 0.526 0.640

24 0.344 0.404 0.515 0.629

25 0.337 0.396 0.505 0.618

26 0.330 0.388 0.496 0.607

27 0.323 0.381 0.487 0.597

28 0.317 0.374 0.479 0.588

29 0.311 0.367 0.471 0.579

Modern Technologies that help in the Control of Disease

A, Modern Treatment

AcupunctureHeart bypassEndorphinFibrinCobalt 60ChemotherapyRadiationLiquid nitrogenTransplant

B. Modern Apparatusx-raylaserkeycell bioenergizerelectrocardiographyelectroencephalogra

phyultrasoundscanner

Noncommunicable Diseases Noncommunicable diseases are not caused by pathogens but rather, by how people live, by conditions with which they are born or by the hazards around them. It also includes diseases caused by a breakdown of the body tissues (degenerative disease), poor diet, environmental and occupational hazards, stress and tension.

Common Noncommunicable Diseases Cardivascular disease. This refers to the disease of the heart and blood vessels. These include arteriosclerosis, hypertension, heart attack and stroke.

Arteriosclerosis – is the hardening of the arteries. It occurs when a fatty substance such as cholesterol are deposited on the walls of the arteries, making the vessels become hard, narrow and less elastic.Heart Attack – occurs when the heart muscle tissue dies from lack oxygen because of reduced blood flow. Heart attack is fatal when a large part of the heart is affected.Hypertension or high blood pressure – occurs when blood pressure is higher than normal. Blood pressure is the force of the blood on the inside walls of the blood vessels.Stroke – occurs when a clot blocks a small blood vessel in the brain, thus brain cells die from lack of oxygen. It can cause a person inability to move (paralysis). A serious stroke can cause death.

Cancer. This is caused by abnormal cells growing without control. As this normal cells grow, they form in masses called tumors. Tumors can either be:Benign – masses of cells that are not cancerous and do not spread.Malignant – masses of cells that are cancerous. They may spread to other parts of the body by moving along the blood vessels or through the lymph system. This spreading is called metastasis.

MOST COMMON CANCERS

Warning Signs of Cancer:1. Change in bowel or bladder habits2. A sore that does not heal3. Unusual bleeding or discharge4. Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere5. Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing6. Obvious change in a wart or mole7. Nagging cough or hoarseness

Cancer may be diagnosed in many different ways:

1. Biopsy the doctor may take a piece of tissue for examination under the microscope

2. Curettage tissue from within the body is removed for analysis3. X-ray is invaluable in detecting cancer

Where It Occurs How Common It Is How Curable It Is1. Skin Most common 95% of treated

persons recovered2. Colon and

RectumSecond most common mostly in men but increasingly in women

About half of treated persons lived 5 years or longer after treatment

3. Lungs Mostly in women Only about 10% of treated patients lived

4. Breast Most common in women

About 70% of treated females recovered

5. Reproductive Organ

Male – prostate testiclesFemale – cervix

More than 60% of patients treated recovered

6. Bone marrow (leukemia)and lymphoma

Most common type in children

About 85% of treated patients lived; rate of cures improving for leukemia; rate for lymphoma is 90%

Treatment of Cancer1. Surgery this involves removal of the tumor and repair of the affected organ2. Radiation Therapy or Radiotheraphy this involves attacking cancer with x-rays or

with rays or particles from such radioactive substances such as cobalt-60 or radium.3. Drug Therapy or Chemotherapy this has become an increasingly important method

of cancer treatment. Drugs have been proven effective especially in treating leukemia and lymphoma.

Diabetes. This is a disease that prevents the body from converting food into energy. Carbohydrates are normally changed into a simple sugar called glucose (a source of energy). Insulin, the hormone produced in the pancreas, regulates the level of glucose in the blood.a. Type I diabetes – is the result of little or no insulin produced by the pancreas.b. Type II diabetes – is the result of too little insulin produced by the pancreas or failure of

the insulin to function normally.

Arthritis. Refers to the inflammation of a joint or joints. It usually occurs during old age. There are two kinds of arthritis:a. Rheumatoid Arthritis – causes pain and swelling in may joints throughout the body. This

can lead to deformity and crippling. This disease is common among middle-aged adults.b. Osteoarthritis – is a disease of older people. It results from wear and tear on the joints,

especially those of the hips, knees and fingers. This causes severe pain.

Common Medicinal PlantsMedicinal plants are inexpensive, effective and safe when properly used. Following instructions on the proper preparations and administration is necessary to obtain best results. However, if

symptoms persist, it would be better to consult a doctor.

A. For FeverMedicinal Plant Preparation How To Use

1. Camias (Kamyas)

Take 2-4 handfuls of fresh leaves. Boil in 2 glassfuls of water for 5 minutes. Add water to make the decoction lukewarm.

Give the patient a sponge bath using the decoction. Do this at least once a day, until fever subsides.

2. Star Fruit(Balimbing)

take 2-4 handfuls of fresh leaves. Boil for 5 minutes in 4 glasses of water. Add water to make a lukewarm solution.

With the decoction, give the patient a sponge bath. Do this once or twice daily.

3. Tamarind(Sampalok)

Boil 2-4 handfuls of leaves in 3 glassfuls of water for 5 minutes. Add water to make

Give a sponge bath for the sick. Do it once or twice daily.

the decoction lukewarm.

B. For HeadacheWorm Wood

(Damong Maria)Crush some fresh leaves.

Add a few drops of cooking oil. Heat slightly.

Apply on forehead and temples. Keep in place with

gauze or strip of cloth.

C. For ConstipationTamarind

(Sampalok)Collect enough

ripe fruitEat the fruit and wash

down with water.

D. For CoughPreparation How to Use

1. Chinese Orange(Kalamansi)

Squeeze 2 or 3 fruits into a glass of warm water.

Fruit drink- repeat 3 or 4 times a day

2. Ginger (Luya) Take 2 pieces of thumbsized ginger and boil in 4 glassfuls of

water for 5 minutes.

Divide the decoction into 3 equal portions and drink

3 times a day.3. Mango

(Mangga)Boil chopped leaves in 2 glassfuls of water for 5 minutes. Cool and

strain.

Divide into 3 portions. Drink 3 times a day.

4. Tamarind (Sampalok)

Boil chopped leaves in 2 glassfuls of water for 15 minutes. Cool and

strain.

Drink the decoction 3 times daily.

E. For DiarrheaPreparation How to Use

1. Guava (Bayabas)

Boil chopped leaves in 2 glasses of water for 15 minutes. Cool

and strain.

Divide decoction into 2 parts. Drink every 3 to 4

hours.2. Star Apple

(Kaymito)Boil chopped leaves in 2 glasses

of water for 15 minutes. Cool and strain.

Divide the decoction into 4 equal portions. Drink each portion every 2 or 3 hours.

3. Mango (Mangga)

Boil 2 teaspoons of chopped tree bark or 4 teaspoons of chopped seeds (core) of the mango fruit in 2 glasses of

water. Let it boil until water is down to half the original quantity. Cool and strain.

Drink ¼ glasses of decoction 3-4 times daily.

F. For ToothachePreparation How to Use

1. Guava (Bayabas) Take 2-3 fresh guava shoots. Wash well

Chew and allow to settle on aching tooth.

2. Garlic (Bawang) Pound 1 small clove of garlic

Insert into a cavity of aching tooth. If pain

persists, change garlic after 2 hours.

G. For WoundsPreparation How to Use

1. Worm Wood (Damong Maria)

Boil 2 handfuls of chopped leaves in a small pot for 5 minutes. Cool and strain.

Wash the wound with the decoction. Do this once or

twice daily.2. Tamarind (Sampalok) Boil 1-3 handfuls of

chopped leaves in a small pot for 5 minutes. Cool and

strain.

Wash the wound with tehe decoction. Do this once or

twice daily.

H. For Cuts and ScrapesPreparation How to Use

1. Ginger (Luya) Pound enough fresh ginger. Squeeze the juice

out.

Apply on scrapes or shallow cuts.

2. Tamarind (Sampalok)

Boil 1 handful of leaves in 4 glasses of water for 15

minutes.

Wash scrapes and cuts with decoction.

I. For Joint Pains and RheumatismPreparation How to Use

1. Ginger (Luya) Pound a few pieces of ginger. Heat slightly.

Apply directly on the affected part twice dauly

or when pain is felt.2. Garlic (Bawang) Pound 5-10 cloves of fresh

garlic. Heat a little if desired.

Apply on the affected part at night or when

pain id felt.

J. For Gas PainsPreparation How to Use

1. Worm Wood (Damong Maria)

Drop 4 fresh or 8 dried leaves in a pot with 1 glassful of water. Boil.

Cool and strain.

Drink slightly warm decoction. Repeat once or

twice a day.

2. Ginger (Luya) Boil 1 teaspoon of chopped root part in

water for 5 minutes. Cool and strain.

Drink the decoction.

after technologies that help in the control of disease

Scientist who contributed greatly in the field of medicine and health: Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (1676) – invented the microscope

Robert Hooke (1678) – developed the first compound microscope Louis Pasteur (1861) – Father of Bacteriology; discovered the cure to

rabies Joseph Lister (1867) – introduced the value of sterilization and aseptic

(diseases producing bacteria) precaution Edward Jenner (1796) – introduced the first vaccine using cowpox to

immunize against small pox Paul Ehrlich (1910) – pioneered the technique of chemotheraphy

which deals with the use of chemicals for the treatment and control of diseases-causing organisms

Alexander Fleming (1928) – discovered the antibiotic Penicillin William Einthoven (1911) – invented the electrocardiograph Jonas Salk (1953) – developed the first vaccine against poliomyelitis Christian Barnard (1967) – performed the first successful heart transplant on

a human being