PEACE OPERATIONSPEACE OPERATIONS

Measures of EffectivenessMeasures of Effectiveness&&

End-State CriteriaEnd-State CriteriaLTC (Ret.) John Derick Osman

Measures of Effectiveness& End-State Criteria

Objectives:Objectives: Examine the development of MOEs for complex

humanitarian emergencies and peace operations

Identify some potential MOEs

Define interrelationship between MOEs, and end-states

Measures of Effectiveness&

End-StatePrimary Use:Primary Use:EEvaluate whether mission is succeeding or failing

Secondary Use:Secondary Use: Establishes planning partnerships Establishes unity of effort Establish a common approach Minimizes confusion & risk Provides end-point or trend analysis

MOEs inMOEs inModern Complex EmergenciesModern Complex Emergencies

Operations demand unprecedented interagency Operations demand unprecedented interagency

planning, coordination & cooperationplanning, coordination & cooperation

Events may demand coordinated MOEsEvents may demand coordinated MOEs

Every agency will have different MOEs and end-stateEvery agency will have different MOEs and end-state

Contingencies abound that may adjust MOEsContingencies abound that may adjust MOEs

Measures of Effectiveness&

End-State

HOW DO WE START THE PROCESS?

Measures of EffectivenessMeasures of Effectiveness& End-State& End-State

Examine the possible “end state or country Examine the possible “end state or country conditions at exit” using seven categories.conditions at exit” using seven categories.

Political ResolutionPolitical Resolution DemilitarizationDemilitarization Basic NeedsBasic Needs Public SecurityPublic Security GovernanceGovernance EconomyEconomy Civil SocietyCivil Society

End-StateEnd-StateSustainable SecuritySustainable Security

The capacity of a society to solve it’s own The capacity of a society to solve it’s own problems peacefully without a need for problems peacefully without a need for external military presenceexternal military presence

Measures of EffectivenessMeasures of Effectiveness&&

End-StateEnd-State

MOEs for the MOEs for the sustainable security sustainable security

point for each of point for each of these elementsthese elements

• Political ResolutionPolitical Resolution• DemilitarizationDemilitarization• Basic NeedsBasic Needs• Public SecurityPublic Security• GovernanceGovernance• EconomyEconomy• Civil SocietyCivil Society

End State

MOE & End-StateMOE & End-StateWhen its done?When its done? Done before the conflictDone before the conflict

– Approaches for preventive diplomacyApproaches for preventive diplomacy– Approaches for Peace makingApproaches for Peace making

During a conflictDuring a conflict– Define limits of external operationsDefine limits of external operations– Work with local and other intervening agenciesWork with local and other intervening agencies– Prepare exit strategiesPrepare exit strategies

After containment of a conflictAfter containment of a conflict– Plan transition strategiesPlan transition strategies– Link political framework with plan to rebuildLink political framework with plan to rebuild

MOE & End-StateMOE & End-StateWho Evaluates ?Who Evaluates ? Professional SoldiersProfessional Soldiers

– security, indigenous armiessecurity, indigenous armies HumanitariansHumanitarians

– basic needs, protectionbasic needs, protection– self sustainable recoveryself sustainable recovery

External PoliceExternal Police– professionalism, competence, level of training & autonomyprofessionalism, competence, level of training & autonomy

International Judges and LawyersInternational Judges and Lawyers– local judicial system, standards, training & support requirementslocal judicial system, standards, training & support requirements

Public Administration SpecialistsPublic Administration Specialists– the civil service, medical services, electionsthe civil service, medical services, elections

MOE & End-StateMOE & End-StateSome Suggested MOE Examples % Target population resettled (refugees) % of aid reaching delivery sites Response time (delivery of relief to target site) # of weapons collected, withdrawn (security) Reduction of violent incidents (security) # of police trained and operating (justice) % Decrease in crude mortality (medical)

MOE & End-StateMOE & End-State

Some Suggested MOE ExamplesSome Suggested MOE Examples

% Decrease in fatality rates (medical)% Decrease in fatality rates (medical)

Rate of return to pre-disaster acceptableRate of return to pre-disaster acceptable conditions – infrastructureconditions – infrastructure

Efficiency and effectiveness of governmentEfficiency and effectiveness of government– sound budget?sound budget?– Needs assessment?Needs assessment?

Broad MOE CategoriesBroad MOE Categories

Who does what?Who does what?

Measures of EffectivenessMeasures of EffectivenessMedical HealthMedical Health

Decline in mortality and morbidityDecline in mortality and morbidity

•Medical support teamsMedical support teams

•NGOs - (MSF, M du Monde, UN Agencies)NGOs - (MSF, M du Monde, UN Agencies)

•Government aid agenciesGovernment aid agencies

•Military - in emergenciesMilitary - in emergencies

Measures of EffectivenessMeasures of Effectiveness

Reduction in levels of violence/threatsReduction in levels of violence/threats Reduction of arms flows, disarmamentReduction of arms flows, disarmament

SecuritySecurity

• Military / Security ForcesMilitary / Security Forces

• Civilian PoliceCivilian Police

• Special Operations ForcesSpecial Operations Forces

Measures of EffectivenessMeasures of EffectivenessPublic Health InfrastructurePublic Health Infrastructure

•All Political / Diplomatic appointeesAll Political / Diplomatic appointees

•Civil AffairsCivil Affairs

•UN AgenciesUN Agencies

•NGOs/IOsNGOs/IOs

Measures of EffectivenessMeasures of EffectivenessPublic CommunicationPublic Communication

• Host NationHost Nation

• Civil Affairs/PSYOPSCivil Affairs/PSYOPS

• NGOs/IOsNGOs/IOs

End-States/Exit StrategiesEnd-States/Exit Strategies

Definition of Exit StrategyDefinition of Exit Strategy

“. .the planned transition to the host nation(s) of all functions performed on its (their) behalf by

peace operations forces”

Benson and Thrash: Parameters. 1996

TRANSITIONSTRANSITIONSC

IVIL

IAN

CIV

ILIA

NM

ILIT

AR

YM

ILIT

AR

Y

CRISISCRISIS STABILIZATIONSTABILIZATION

LIFELIFESAVINGSAVING

LIFELIFESUPPORTSUPPORT ECONOMICECONOMIC

&&SOCIALSOCIAL

POLITICALPOLITICAL

SUPPORTSUPPORTOPERATIONSOPERATIONS

(Example only)

MILITARYMILITARYOPERATIONSOPERATIONS

Developing Exit Strategies inComplex Emergencies

• Develop coordinated civil-military Develop coordinated civil-military exit strategiesexit strategies

• Transition (military end-state) dependent on Transition (military end-state) dependent on “ “level of comfort/safety” of civilian agencieslevel of comfort/safety” of civilian agencies

• Identify and seek requirements/confirmation Identify and seek requirements/confirmation to validate end-stateto validate end-state

Making Exit Strategies Work

• Visualize operation from start-to-finishVisualize operation from start-to-finish

• Recognize characteristics, responsibilities, Recognize characteristics, responsibilities,

limitations of civil-military partners limitations of civil-military partners

• Use MOEs and critical pathways asUse MOEs and critical pathways as

management toolsmanagement tools

Measures of EffectivenessMeasures of Effectiveness&&

End-State CriteriaEnd-State Criteria

Questions ?Questions ?