Peace Corps Paraguay Welcome Book | No Date Cover

8/9/2019 Peace Corps Paraguay Welcome Book | No Date Cover

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]@G \GDOG OER\_ XGFOEJG_

QEW ]E

\DRDHWDQ

D \GDOG OER\_ \WBFAOD]AEK IER KGX

YEFWK]GGR_


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\DRDHWDQ JD\

]`as jd| as wsgm xa}` |grjassaek irej }`g _}d}g Mg|dr}jgk}+


3/52

D XGFOEJG FG]]GR

Xgfoejg }e }`g }ewh`gs} neb qewff gygr feyg+

Qew jdq rgodff }às ds d ierjgr }dhfakg ier }`g \gdog Oer|s+ A}s ke} ak twe}d}aek jdrcs bgodwsg a} as }`g

rgdfa}q }`d} A faygm ds d Yefwk}ggr jqsgfi ak \drdhwdq bg}xggk 4107 dkm 4100+ X`g}`gr a} bgoejgs d }rwasj

ier qew er ke} fdrhgfq mg|gkms ek qew+ A} mg|gkms ek x`g}`gr qew }rgd} }às gp|gragkog ds d neba} asdkm

x`g}`gr qew iwfiaff qewr oejja}jgk} ei sgryaog }e qewr oejjwka}q ier }`g }xe qgdrs qew sgryg ds d \gdog

Oer|s Yefwk}ggr+

]`g \drdhwdqdk |ge|fg jdcg }às oewk}rq dk gpogffgk} |fdog }e bg d \gdog Oer|s Yefwk}ggr+ Di}gr qew hg}

eygr }`g aka}adf sèoc ei `dyakh fes} jes} ei qewr |raydoq bgodwsg ei qewr hwgs} s}d}ws& qew xaff iakm }`d}

\drdhwdqdks drg ygrq iragkmfq dkm oej|dssaekd}g+ ]`gq feyg }e fdwh` dkm }gff necgs dkm s}erags+ ]às jdcgs

a} aj|er}dk} ier qew }e oeksamgr }xe iwkmdjgk}df |eak}s ds qew |rg|drg ier qewr drraydf `grg+ Iars}& bg

|rg|drgm }e ke} }dcg qewrsgfi }ee sgraewsfq x`gk qew drg `grg+ \drdhwdqdks xaff fdwh` `gdr}afq d} qewr

fdkhwdhg jas}dcgs& dkm oejjgk} ek gygrq}àkh irej qewr ofe}àkh }e qewr `dars}qfg }e qewr xgah`}+ ]e }`g

mghrgg qew odk }dcg d heem*kd}wrgm rabbakh& dkm gkhdhg }`gar iragkmfq xa}}aoasjs xa}` qewr exk& qew xaff

iakm }`d} \drdhwdqdks xaff }dcg d sàkakh }e qew+ Doàgyakh }às xaff ke} jgdk }`d} qew me ke} }dcg qewr

neb sgraewsfq3 a} nws} jgdks }`d} qew xaff `dyg rgoehka~gm }`d} fdwh`}gr as dk ak}ghrdf |dr} ei }`g

mgygfe|jgk} |reogss `grg+ _goekm& |fgdsg bg |rg|drgm }e |rdo}aog iars} gkhdhakh \drdhwdqdks ds |ge|fg&

dkm sgoekm& ds |ge|fg xa}` xèj qewyg oejg }e me mgygfe|jgk} xerc+ Gs}dbfasàkh }às |grsekdf rd||er}

dkm iragkmsà| as ke} nws} }`g \drdhwdqdk xdq3 a}s nws} |fdak heem jdkkgrs dkm gssgk}adf }e heem sws}dakdbfg

mgygfe|jgk} xerc+

A} as aj|er}dk} }e wkmgrsoerg }`d} mgygfe|jgk} xerc `grg ak \drdhwdq& ds ak jdkq e}`gr |fdogs ak }`g xerfm&

as d rgdffq maiiaowf} neb+ Dke}`gr o`dffgkhg qew xaff idog as je}ayd}akh |ge|fg }e gkhdhg ak& dkm s}aoc xa}`& d|reogss ei xercakh }ehg}`gr }e dssgss }`gar owrrgk} rgdfa}q dkm aj|fgjgk}akh d |fdk }e o`dkhg }`d} rgdfa}q+

]às o`dffgkhgs dkm irws}rd}gs jes} mgygfe|jgk} |reigssaekdfs+ A} xaff |rebdbfq o`dffgkhg dkm irws}rd}g qew&

}ee+ Qewr mghrgg ei sgfi*mgsorabgm swoogss ds d mgygfe|jgk} |reigssaekdf `grg xaff mg|gkm ek qewr

dbafa}q dkm giier} }e jgg} }èsg o`dffgkhgs dkm irws}rd}aeks xa}` |reigssaekdfasj& oejja}jgk}& dkm |grsekdf

d|fejb+

Dfse& \gdog Oer|s%\drdhwdq `ds dk gpogffgk} s}dii }`d} as oejja}}gm }e sw||er}akh qew ak qewr 44*xggc |rg*

sgryaog }rdakakh |graem dkm }`rewhèw} qewr }xe qgdrs ei sgryaog+ Ewr |rg*sgryaog }rdakakh s}dii xaff `gf|

qew bghak }e fgdrk _|dkas` dkm Hwdrdk& dkm amgk}aiq s}rd}ghags }e ak}ghrd}g ak}e qewr oejjwka}q dkm xerc+

Xg dfse `dyg d ygrq sgdsekgm s}dii }`d} xaff amgk}aiq qewr iw}wrg xercsa}gs& dkm dssas} qew }`rewhèw} qewr

}xe qgdrs ei sgryaog }e kdyahd}g }`g o`dffgkhgs dkm swoogssgs ei bgakh d Yefwk}ggr `grg+

Xg feec ierxdrm }e jgg}akh qew dkm xercakh xa}` qew mwrakh x`d} xaff bg ekg ei }`g jes} o`dffgkhakh

dkm rgxdrmakh |graems ei qewr faig$

Jao`dgf Gso`fgjdk

Oewk}rq Margo}er


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]DBFG EI OEK]GK]_

Jd| ei \drdhwdq

D Xgfoejg Fg}}gr 4

\gdog Oer|s%\drdhwdq @as}erq dkm \rehrdjs =

@as}erq ei }`g \gdog Oer|s ak \drdhwdq =

@as}erq dkm Iw}wrg ei \gdog Oer|s\rehrdjjakh ak \drdhwdq =*7

Oewk}rq Eygryagx> \drdhwdq d} d Hfdkog 9

@as}erq 9

Heygrkjgk} 8

Goekejq 8

\ge|fg dkm Owf}wrg 0

Gkyarekjgk} 0

Rgsewrogs ier Iwr}`gr Akierjd}aek 1

Fayakh Oekma}aeks dkm Yefwk}ggr Faigs}qfg 4?

Oejjwkaod}aeks 4?*4=

@ewsakh dkm _a}g Feod}aek 4=*47

Fayakh Dffexdkog dkm Jekgq Jdkdhgjgk} 47

Ieem dkm Mag} 49

]rdks|er}d}aek 49

Hgehrd|`q dkm Ofajd}g 49*48

_eoadf Do}aya}ags 48

\reigssaekdfasj& Mrgss& dkm Bg`dyaer 48*40

\grsekdf _dig}q 40

Rgxdrms dkm Irws}rd}aeks 40

\gdog Oer|s ]rdakakh 41

Eygryagx ei \rg*_gryaog ]rdakakh 41*24

]go`kaodf ]rdakakh 41

Fdkhwdhg ]rdakakh 41*2


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Qewr @gdf}` Odrg dkm _dig}q ak \drdhwdq 22

@gdf}` Asswgs ak \drdhwdq 22

@gf|akh Qew _}dq @gdf}`q 22*2?

Jdak}dakakh Qewr @gdf}` 2?

Xejgks @gdf}` Akierjd}aek 2=Qewr \gdog Oer|s Jgmaodf Ca} 2=*27

Bgierg Qew Fgdyg> D Jgmaodf O`gocfas} 27*29

_dig}q dkm _gowra}qEwr \dr}kgrsà| 29*? gdrfq gfgjgk}drq gmwod}aek& xào` oekogk}rd}gs ek ierjdf

gmwod}aek ak rwrdf drgds3 dkm wrbdk qew}` mgygfe|jgk}& xào` ieowsgs ek kekierjdf gmwod}aek ak wrbdk

drgds+ ]`g hedfs ei }`g gdrfq gfgjgk}drq gmwod}aek |rengo} drg }e aj|reyg }`g bdsao scaffs rgdmakh& xra}akh&

jd}`! dkm `gdf}` ei \drdhwdqdk oàfmrgk mwrakh }`gar jes} ierjd}ayg soèef qgdrscakmgrhdr}gk }`rewh`

}àrm hrdmg}`rewh` }gdo`gr }rdakakh dkm sw||er}+ Gfgjgk}drq gmwod}aek Yefwk}ggrs }rdak }gdo`grs ak

aj|reygm }gdoàkh jg}èms dkm |reje}g d hgkmgr*kgw}rdf gkyarekjgk}& xào`& ak }wrk& aj|reygs }`g

rgdmakh& xra}akh dkm jd}` scaffs ei \drdhwdqdk beqs dkm harfs+ ]`g \gdog Oer|s oewk}gr|dr} dhgkoq ak }às

|rengo} as }`g Jakas}rq ei Gmwod}aek+

]`g wrbdk qew}` mgygfe|jgk} |rengo} `gf|s d}*rasc qew}` bwafm }`gar sgfi*gs}ggj& bg}}gr ak}ghrd}g ak}e }`gar

oejjwka}ags& dkm s}rgkh}`gk }`gar gj|feqdbafa}q+ Wrbdk qew}` mgygfe|jgk} Yefwk}ggrs fayg dkm xerc ak

jdrhakdf wrbdk drgds+ ]`gq akyefyg d}*rasc qew}` ak gmwod}aekdf |rehrdjs dkm do}aya}ags }`d} |reje}g dkmies}gr fgdmgrsà| dkm }`g mgygfe|jgk} ei neb scaffs+ \gdog Oer|s%\drdhwdqs oewk}gr|dr} dhgkoags ak }às

|rengo} akofwmg }`g _wb*sgorg}drq ei Qew}` xa}àk }`g Jakas}rq ei Gmwod}aek dkm Owf}wrg dkm sgygrdf KHEs+

Ak dmma}aek }e }`g jdner |rengo}s jgk}aekgm dbeyg& \gdog Oer|s%\drdhwdq `ds iewr aka}ad}aygs }`d} ow} doress

|rengo} fakgs dkm |reyamg sgoekmdrq xerc e||er}wka}ags ier Yefwk}ggrs ak dff |rengo} drgds> akierjd}aek dkm

oejjwkaod}aeks }go`kefehq AO]!& @AY%DAM_ gmwod}aek dkm |rgygk}aek& qew}` mgygfe|jgk}& dkm hgkmgr

dkm mgygfe|jgk}+


8/52

OEWK]RQ EYGRYAGX>\DRDHWDQ D] D HFDKOG

@as}erq

Dfjes} ke dro`dgefehaodf rgsgdro` `ds bggk mekg ak \drdhwdq& dkm }`g |rg*Oefwjbadk `as}erq ei }`g

oewk}rq as |eerfq meowjgk}gm+ X`d} as ogr}dak as }`d} }`g gds}grk |dr} ei }`g oewk}rq xds eoow|agm bq

Hwdrdk Akmadks ier d} fgds} 4&


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Heygrkjgk}

Bgodwsg ei \drdhwdqs fekh às}erq ei mao}d}ersà|& }`g heygrkjgk} `ds dfxdqs gpgroasgm s}rao} oek}ref eygr

}`g |efa}aodf sqs}gj dkm goekejao do}aya}ags ei }`g oewk}rq& akofwmakh feodf heygrkjgk} do}aya}ags+ @exgygr&

ak 4112 \drdhwdq d||reygm d kgx oeks}a}w}aek }`d} ak}remwogm sgygrdf o`dkhgs ak a}s |efa}aodf sqs}gj+ ]`g

kgx oeks}a}w}aek odffs ier d |reogss ei mgogk}rdfa~d}aek ak xào` ogr}dak |exgrs drg }e bg }rdksigrrgm }e

jwkaoa|df dkm mg|dr}jgk}df heygrkjgk}s+

_akog Dfirgme _}regsskgr xds eygr}`rexk ak d jafa}drq oew| ak 4101& \drdhwdq `ds wkmgrhekg d |reogss ei

mgjeord}a~d}aek+ E|gk gfgo}aeks& fabgrdfa~d}aek ei }`g |rgss& dkm |wbfao mgbd}g ei asswgs `dyg orgd}gm dk

d}jes|`grg oekmwoayg }e o`dkhg+ Ak Jdq 411?& \drdhwdq gfgo}gm a}s iars} kekjafa}drq |rgsamgk} ak =< qgdrs+

Ak dke}`gr fdkmjdrc gfgo}aek ak Jdq 4110& \drdhwdq ye}gm }e |dss }`g |rgsamgkoq irej ekg oayafadk

heygrkjgk} }e dke}`gr+ Ak Jdro` 4111& }`g dssdssakd}aek ei }`g yaog |rgsamgk} fgm }e }`g rgsahkd}aek ei }`g

kgx |rgsamgk}+ Ak s|a}g ei }`rgd}s ei d oeks}a}w}aekdf orasas& }`g |rgsamgkoq |dssgm }e }`g |rgsamgk} ei }`g

_gkd}g& Fwas Dkhgf Hek~fg~ Jdooà& ds jdkmd}gm bq }`g oeks}a}w}aek+ ]`g Jdooà heygrkjgk}& èxgygr&

xds akgiigo}ayg ak jdcakh kgogssdrq rgierjs& dkm }`g oewk}rqs seoaegoekejao maiiaowf}ags xersgkgm mwrakh

às jdkmd}g+ ]`g owrrgk} |rgsamgk}& Kaodker Mwdr}g Irw}es& }eec eiiaog ek Dwhws} 47& 2


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\ge|fg dkm Owf}wrg

Ak \drdhwdq& d jwf}a}wmg ei ows}ejs& bgfagis& dkm dr} ierjs oek}rabw}gs }e }`g rao`kgss ei }`g owf}wrg+ ]`gsg

ows}ejs dkm bgfagis |reyamg d sgksg ei oek}akwa}q }e \drdhwdqdks& dkm sejg jdq rghdrm o`dkhg xa}`

sws|aoaek+ ]`g |dog ei faig dkm xerc }gkms }e bg sfexgr }`dk }`d} }e xào` Yefwk}ggrs drg doows}ejgm+

Akmggm& }`g wkaygrsdf xd}o`xerm as }rdktwafe& er }rdktwaf+

\drdhwdqdks èfm }`gar kd}ayg fdkhwdhg& Hwdrdk& ygrq mgdr& yagxakh a} ds }`g ygssgf }`d} odrrags dkm

}rdksja}s }`gar owf}wrg+ @exgygr& jwsao as wkmewb}gmfq }`g dr} }`d} `ds haygk \drdhwdq }`g hrgd}gs} |rgs}ahg

drewkm }`g xerfm+ A} as }`g oewk}rqs jes} giiaoagk} jgdks ier }`g massgjakd}aek ei a}s owf}wrg& gygk ai }`g

oejjek }wkgs drg ckexk ds xdf}~gs dkm |efcds Hwdrdkds drg dfse d jwsaodf s}d|fg!+ Kd}ayg

`dkmaordi}s wkatwg }e \drdhwdq akofwmg }`g mgfaod}g dkmw}fdog+ Gj|feqakh hrgd} ajdhakd}aek dkm scaff&

\drdhwdqdk xejgk |remwog sejg ei }`g xerfms iakgs} fdogxerc+dkmw}& xào` as jdmg ak d oarowfdr

mgsahk& }dcgs a}s kdjg irej d Hwdrdk xerm jgdkakh s|amgr xgb+

Gkyarekjgk}

Fdkmfeocgm \drdhwdq& feod}gm ak }`g `gdr} ei _ew}` Djgraod& as d |fdog ei hrgd} |`qsaodf bgdw}q dkm

oeksamgrdbfg gkyarekjgk}df maygrsa}q+ _wrrewkmgm bq Drhgk}akd& Befayad& dkm Brd~af& a} as fakcgm }e }`g

D}fdk}ao }`rewh` }`g \drdk*\drdhwdq Raygr sqs}gj& xào` ifexs sew}` }`rewh` Drhgk}akd+ ]`g oewk}rq fags

ak }`g swb}re|aos jes}fq sew}` ei }`g ]re|ao ei Od|raoerk+ _ajafdr }e ogk}rdf Iferamd ak ofajd}g& a} odk bg

ygrq è} ak }`g swjjgr jek}`s dkm gp}rgjgfq oefm ak }`g xak}gr jek}`s+ Irgg~gs drg rdrg bw} me eoowr ekog

er }xaog gdo` qgdr+

]`g \drdhwdq Raygr mayamgs }`g oewk}rq ak}e mas}ako} gds}grk dkm xgs}grk rghaeks+ Gds}grk \drdhwdq as jerg

}gj|grd}g dkm `ds d hgk}fg& reffakh }grrdak xa}` xeemgm àffs& swb}re|aodf iergs}s& dkm igr}afg hrdssfdkms+

Rdakidff as |fgk}aiwf ier jes} ei }`g qgdr ak }às sgo}aek ei \drdhwdq+ _e& }ee& drg `gd} dkm `wjama}q&

gs|goadffq irej Eo}ebgr }`rewh` D|raf& x`gk }gj|grd}wrgs }q|aodffq rasg dbeyg 1< mghrggs Id`rgk`ga}+ ]`g

O`doe ak xgs}grk \drdhwdq as d fex |fdak oeygrgm bq jdrs`gs& sdydkkds& dkm mgksg sorwb iergs}s+ Ds ekg}rdygfs xgs}xdrm irej }`g \drdhwdq Raygr& rdakidff bgoejgs akorgdsakhfq sodrog dkm fayakh oekma}aeks

bgoejg akorgdsakhfq drs`+

Df}èwh` \drdhwdq as ak jdkq xdqs jerg ier}wkd}g }`dk jerg mgksgfq |e|wfd}gm Fd}ak Djgraodk oewk}rags&

a} as kekg}`gfgss wkmgrheakh dk dfdrjakh mghrgg ei gkyarekjgk}df mghrdmd}aek+ \drdhwdqs mgiergs}d}aek

rd}g as djekh }`g àh`gs} ak }`g xerfm& dkm a}s irdhafg seafs drg swbngo}gm }e wksws}dakdbfg idrjakh |rdo}aogs

}`d} dfse akyefyg àh` wsg ei o`gjaodf |gs}aoamgs dkm igr}afa~grs+ ]`gsg ido}ers dkm e}`grs `dyg fgm }e

mgorgdsgm dhraowf}wrdf |remwo}aya}q dkm sèr}dhgs ei iargxeem& irwa}s& dkm fwjbgr+


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RG_EWROG_ IERIWR]@GR AKIERJD]AEK

Ieffexakh as d fas} ei xgbsa}gs ier dmma}aekdf akierjd}aek dbew} }`g \gdog Oer|s dkm \drdhwdq dkm }e oekkgo}

qew }e rg}wrkgm Yefwk}ggrs dkm e}`gr akya}ggs+ \fgdsg cgg| ak jakm }`d} df}èwh` xg }rq }e jdcg swrg dff }`gsg

fakcs drg do}ayg dkm owrrgk}& xg odkke} hwdrdk}gg a}+ Ai qew me ke} `dyg doogss }e }`g Ak}grkg}& yasa} qewr feodf

fabrdrq+ Fabrdrags eiigr irgg Ak}grkg} wsdhg dkm ei}gk fg} qew |rak} akierjd}aek }e }dcg èjg+

D ke}g ei odw}aek> Ds qew swri }`g Ak}grkg}& bg dxdrg }`d} qew jdq iakm bwffg}ak bedrms dkm o`d} reejs ak

xào` |ge|fg drg irgg }e gp|rgss e|akaeks dbew} }`g \gdog Oer|s bdsgm ek }`gar exk gp|gragkog& akofwmakh

oejjgk}s bq }èsg xè xgrg wk`d||q xa}` }`gar oèaog }e sgryg ak }`g \gdog Oer|s+ ]`gsg e|akaeks drg

ke} }èsg ei }`g \gdog Oer|s er }`g W+_+ heygrkjgk}& dkm xg è|g qew xaff cgg| ak jakm }`d} ke }xe

|ge|fg gp|gragkog }`gar sgryaog ak }`g sdjg xdq+

Hgkgrdf Akierjd}aek Dbew} \drdhwdq

xxx+fekgfq|fdkg}+oej%mgs}akd}aeks

Yasa} }às sa}g }e fgdrk dbew} \drdhwdq er dfjes} dkq e}`gr oewk}rq ak }`g xerfm+

xxx+s}d}g+hey%|%x`d

]`g W+_+ _}d}g Mg|dr}jgk}s xgbsa}g asswgs bdochrewkm ke}gs |graemaodffq dbew} oewk}rags ak }`g Xgs}grk

@gjas|`grg+ Iakm \drdhwdq dkm fgdrk jerg dbew} a}s seoadf dkm |efa}aodf às}erq+

`}}|>%%dswkoaek+wsgjbdssq+hey%

Eiiaoadf xgbsa}g ei }`g W+_+ gjbdssq ak \drdhwdq+ Akofwmgs gp}gksayg fakcs }e sa}gs dbew} \drdhwdq ds xgff

ds w|*}e*md}g akierjd}aek ek }`g W+_+ ma|fejd}ao jassaek+

`}}|>%%hgehrd|`q+dbew}+oej%fabrdrq%jd|s%bf|drdhwdq+`}j

]às ekfakg xerfm d}fds akofwmgs jd|s dkm hgehrd|àodf akierjd}aek& dkm gdo` oewk}rq |dhg oek}daks fakcs

}e e}`gr sa}gs& swo` ds }`g Fabrdrq ei Oekhrgss& }`d} oek}dak oej|rg`gksayg às}eraodf& seoadf& dkm |efa}aodf

bdochrewkm+

xxx+oqbgrsoèefbws+wk+erh%akiekd}aek%akie+ds|

]às Wka}gm Kd}aeks sa}g dffexs qew }e sgdro` ier s}d}as}aodf akierjd}aek ier jgjbgr s}d}gs ei }`g W+K+

xxx+xerfmakierjd}aek+oej

]às sa}g |reyamgs dk dmma}aekdf sewrog ei owrrgk} dkm às}eraodf akierjd}aek dbew} oewk}rags xerfmxamg+

`}}|>%%fdkao+w}gpds+gmw%fd%sd%|drdhwdq%

]`g sa}g ei }`g Fd}ak Djgraodk Kg}xerc Akierjd}aek Ogk}gr fakcs }e d ydrag}q ei rgsewrogs ek \drdhwdq+


12/52

Oekkgo} Xa}` Rg}wrkgm Yefwk}ggrs dkm E}`gr Akya}ggs

xxx+r|oy+erh

]às as }`g sa}g ei }`g Kd}aekdf \gdog Oer|s Dsseoad}aek& jdmg w| ei rg}wrkgm Yefwk}ggrs+ Ek }às sa}g qew

odk iakm fakcs }e dff }`g Xgb |dhgs ei }`g iragkms ei hrew|s ier jes} oewk}rags ei sgryaog& jdmg w| ei

ierjgr Yefwk}ggrs xè sgrygm ak }èsg oewk}rags+ ]`grg drg dfse rghaekdf hrew|s xè irgtwgk}fq hg}

}ehg}`gr ier seoadf gygk}s dkm feodf Yefwk}ggr do}aya}ags+ Er he s}rdah`} }e }`g Iragkms ei \drdhwdq sa}g>

xxx+iragkmsei|drdhwdq+erh

]às kek|reia} erhdka~d}aek xds orgd}gm ak 4108 }e gs}dbfas` d kg}xerc ei rg}wrkgm \gdog Oer|s Yefwk}ggrs

dkm e}`grs xè drg ak}grgs}gm ak aj|reyakh oejjwkaod}aek dkm akierjd}aek gpo`dkhg ak sw||er} ei seoadf&

owf}wrdf& dkm goekejao mgygfe|jgk} ak \drdhwdq+

`}}|>%%xxx+r|oyxgbrakh+erh

]às sa}g as ckexk ds }`g Rg}wrkgm \gdog Oer|s Yefwk}ggr Xgb Rakh+ Brexsg }`g Xgb rakh dkm sgg x`d}

ierjgr Yefwk}ggrs drg sdqakh dbew} }`gar sgryaog+

`}}|>%%|gdogoer|s+j}w+gmw%

\gdog Oer|s Yefwk}ggrs ak }`g iagfm dkm rg}wrkgm Yefwk}ggrs xè drg diiafad}gm xa}` }`g Jds}grs

Ak}grkd}aekdf |rehrdj d} Jaoàhdk ]go` jdcg rghwfdr swbjassaeks }e }às sa}g& akofwmakh sqke|sgs ei

}go`kaodf |rengo}s dkm fakcs }e }go`kaodf rgsewrogs }`d} jdq bg `gf|iwf }e Yefwk}ggrs ak }`g iagfm+

xxx+|gdogoer|sxra}grs+erh

]às sa}g as ès}gm bq d hrew| ei rg}wrkgm Yefwk}ggr xra}grs+ A} as d jek}`fq ekfakg |wbfaod}aek ei gssdqs dkm

Yefwk}ggr dooewk}s ei }`gar \gdog Oer|s sgryaog+

Owrrgk} Kgxs _a}gs Dbew} \drdhwdq (ak _|dkas`!

xxx+fdkdoaek+oej+|q

_a}g eiFd Kdoaek

xxx+wf}ajdèrd+oej

_a}g eiWf}ajd @erd

xxx+dbo+oej+|q

_a}g eiDBO Oefer


13/52

Ak}grkd}aekdf Mgygfe|jgk} _a}gs

xxx+wsdam+hey%oewk}rq%fdo%|q

W+_+ Dhgkoq ier Ak}grkd}aekdf Mgygfe|jgk}

xxx+xerfmbdkc+erh

Xerfm Bdkc sgdro` ier \drdhwdq wsakh }`g Oewk}rags ) Rghaeks fakc ak }`g fgi} kdyahd}aek oefwjk!

xxx+naod+he+n|%|drdhwdq%gs|dkef%akmgp+`}jf

Nd|dk Ak}grkd}aekdf Oee|grd}aek Dhgkoq

`}}|>%%xxx+|fdk*ak}grkd}aekdf+erh%x`grgxgxerc%djgraods%|drdhwdq%

\fdk Ak}grkd}aekdf

xxx+wkaogi+erh%|drdhwdq

WKAOGI

xxx+wkgsoe+erh

WKG_OE sgdro` ier \drdhwdq!

xxx+xerfmxafmfaig+erh

Xerfm Xafmfaig Iwkm sgdro` ier \drdhwdq!

Rgoejjgkmgm Beecs

4+ Hajfg}}g& Ne`k+D} }`g ]ejb ei }`g Akifd}dbfg \ah> ]rdygfs }`rewh` \drdhwdq+ Kgx Qerc> Cke|i&

2 Idrrdr&

_}rdws dkm Harewp& 4112+

?+ JoKds|q& O+N+Fes} Oa}ags ei \drdhwdq> Dr} dkm Dro`a}go}wrg ei }`g Ngswa} Rgmwo}aeks& 49 Feqefd Wkaygrsa}q \rgss& 4102+

=+ Jardkmd& Odrfes R+ ]`g _}regsskgr Grd> Dw}`era}dradk Rwfg ak \drdhwdq+ Bewfmgr& Oefe+> Xgs}yagx

\rgss& 411 ]`g \gdog Oer|s dkm }`g _|ara} ei }`g 419 @drydrm Wkaygrsa}q \rgss& 2 _ja}`sekadk

Aks}a}w}aek \rgss& 2


14/52

Beecs ek }`g Yefwk}ggr Gp|gragkog

4+ Marfdj& _`drek+Bgqekm _abgrad> ]xe Qgdrs ak d Ierhe}}gk \fdog+ _dk}d Bdrbdrd& Odfai+> Jo_gds

Beecs& 2 Rgm D||fg \wbfas`akh& 2


15/52

FAYAKH OEKMA]AEK_ DKMYEFWK]GGR FAIG_]QFG

Oejjwkaod}aeks

Jdaf

Qewr jdafakh dmmrgss ak \drdhwdq xaff bg>

Qewr Kdjg& \O] Sier }rdakggZ er \OY Sier Yefwk}ggrZ

Owgr|e mg \d~

492 O`doe Bergdf o%Jodf+ F|g~

Dswkoak 470


16/52

amgk}aiq feodf rgsewrogs+ Qew drg ke} |grja}}gm }e sefaoa} jd}gradfs er iwkms ier qewr oejjwka}q mwrakh qewr

iars} sap jek}`s d} sa}g se }`d} qew `dyg }ajg }e gkhdhg }`g oejjwka}q ak |rengo} amgk}aiaod}aek+ ]e gkswrg }`d}

dkq rgtwgs} ier iwkmakh er mekd}aeks as d||re|rad}g ier qewr |rengo} dkm qewr oejjwka}q& qew jws} `dyg |raer

dw}èra~d}aek irej qewr |rengo} margo}er dkm }`g oewk}rq margo}er+

]`g \gdog Oer|s `ds d jgo`dkasj ak |fdog ier qew dkm }`g oejjwka}ags qew xerc xa}` }e doogss W+_+

|rayd}g*sgo}er iwkms+ ]`g \gdog Oer|s \dr}kgrsà| \rehrdj& dmjakas}grgm bq }`g Eiiaog ei \rayd}g _go}er

Aka}ad}aygs& odk `gf| qew eb}dak iakdkoadf sw||er} irej oer|erd}aeks& iewkmd}aeks& oayao hrew|s& akmayamwdfs&

ida}`*bdsgm hrew|s& dkm soèefs ier |rengo}s d||reygm bq }`g oewk}rq margo}er+ ]e fgdrk jerg dbew} }`g

\dr}kgrsà| \rehrdj& odff 0

]gfg|èkgs

Ak}grkd}aekdf |èkg sgryaog }e dkm irej \drdhwdq as idarfq rgfadbfg dkm doogssabfg }e jes} Yefwk}ggrs+

Yefwk}ggrs drg |reyamgm xa}` d ogffwfdr |èkg dkm d bdsao odffakh |fdk+ Ai Yefwk}ggrs xdk} }e akorgdsg }`gar

jakw}gs dkm%er w|hrdmg }`g ogff|èkg jemgf& }`gq jws} me se xa}` }`gar exk fayakh dffexdkog+ Df}èwh`

ke} dff drgds ei }`g oewk}rq drg doogssabfg bq ogff|èkg& jes} Yefwk}ggrs drg dbfg }e odff Dswkoak dkm }e

rgogayg ak}grkd}aekdf odffs xa}` }`gar ogff|èkgs+

Rgogk}fq& }`g \gdog Oer|s eiiaog& ak oeffdberd}aek xa}` }`g W+_+ gjbdssq ak Dswkoak& aks}dffgm d margo}

|èkg fakg bg}xggk Dswkoak dkm Xdsàkh}ek& M+O+ ]às fakg as jdakfq ier oekmwo}akh eiiaoadf bwsakgss

xa}` \gdog Oer|s `gdmtwdr}grs& bw} a} as dydafdbfg ier Yefwk}ggr wsg di}gr eiiaog èwrs dkm ek xggcgkms+

Yefwk}ggrs odk |fdog margo} odffs }e }`g Xdsàkh}ek drgd d} ke o`drhg& xàfg odffs }e dff e}`gr drgds drg

baffgm d} }`g fekh*mas}dkog rd}g irej Xdsàkh}ek+ ]às sgryaog `ds bgoejg gp}rgjgfq |e|wfdr xa}`

Yefwk}ggrs& se d sahk*w| s`gg} }e rghwfd}g wsg `ds bgoejg kgogssdrq+ ]e }dcg iwff dmydk}dhg ei }`g sgryaog&

Yefwk}ggrs sèwfm brakh d jdner }gfg|èkg oej|dkq odffakh odrm er |rg|dam |èkg odrms }e \drdhwdq xa}`

}`gj }e o`drhg }eff odffs jdmg }`rewh` }às fakg+

Oej|w}gr& Ak}grkg}& dkm G*jdaf Doogss\drdhwdq as `drmfq d} }`g iergirek} ei }`g g*rgyefw}aek& bw} Yefwk}ggrs akorgdsakhfq drg dbfg }e rgfq ek }`g

Ak}grkg} }e oejjwkaod}g xa}` idjafq dkm iragkms ak }`g Wka}gm _}d}gs+ ]`grg drg sgygrdf Ak}grkg} odigs ak

Dswkoak& dkm odigs drg e|gkakh xa}` akorgdsakh irgtwgkoq gygk ak rwrdf }exks+ ]`grg drg dfse oej|w}grs

xa}` Ak}grkg} doogss dydafdbfg ier Yefwk}ggr wsg ak }`g \gdog Oer|s eiiaog+ Jdkq Yefwk}ggrs dotwarg irgg g*

jdaf dooewk}s dkm wsg }`gsg oej|w}grs }e sgkm dkm rgogayg g*jdaf xàfg }`gq drg ak Dswkoak ek eiiaoadf

bwsakgss+

@ewsakh dkm _a}g Feod}aek

Jes} Yefwk}ggrs fayg dkm xerc ak rwrdf drgds& bw} jerg drg bgakh dssahkgm }e xerc ak wrbdk ogk}grs ak

rgs|eksg }e }`g rgogk} akorgdsg ak wrbdk jahrd}aek+ ]`g fd}gs} ogksws sèxs }`d} jerg }`dk `dfi ei }`g|e|wfd}aek faygs ak fdrhgr }exks er oa}ags+ Qewr Yefwk}ggr dssahkjgk} mgsora|}aek sèwfm akmaod}g x`g}`gr

qewr |rengo} sa}g as facgfq }e bg wrbdk er rwrdf+ Dff Yefwk}ggrs s|gkm sejg }ajg ak Dswkoak bgodwsg a} as }`g

feod}aek ei }`g \gdog Oer|s eiiaog& ds xgff ds }`g sa}g ei oekigrgkogs dkm sejg ak*sgryaog }rdakakhs+

Dbew} 0< |grogk} ei Yefwk}ggrs fayg ak sjdff }exks er yaffdhgs xa}` igxgr }`dk 7&


17/52

}e jerg }`dk 9< |grogk} ei }`g owrrgk} |e|wfd}aek ei dbew} 7+0 jaffaek+ Hgkgrdffq& s}rgg}s ak }`g odj|e

}exks drg wk|dygm& dkm }`grg as ke rwkkakh xd}gr er akmeer }eafg}s+ Igx |ge|fg ak }`gsg }exks `dyg }rdygfgm

ew}samg \drdhwdq& dkm jdkq `dyg kgygr gygk bggk }e Dswkoak+ ]`g ekfq |ge|fg xa}` odrs drg facgfq }e bg

}`g meo}er& }`g |rags}& d igx bwsakgss|ge|fg& heygrkjgk} eiiaoadfs& dkm rdko`grs+ @ersgs& je}eroqofgs& dkm

epodr}s jdcg w| }`g jdnera}q ei feodf }rdiiao& xàfg oàfmrgk |fdq irggfq dfekhsamg redjakh oexs& |ahs& dkm

oàocgks+

Ier be}` rwrdf dkm wrbdk Yefwk}ggrs& èwsakh ak \drdhwdq as bdsao+ Jes} Yefwk}ggrs drg rgtwargm }e fayg

xa}` d \drdhwdqdk idjafq mwrakh }`gar aka}adf }`rgg jek}`s ei sgryaog+ Wrbdk Qew}` Yefwk}ggrs drg rgtwargm

}e fayg xa}` d ès} idjafq ier }`gar aka}adf sap jek}`s ei sgryaog+ _ejg Yefwk}ggrs }`gk oèesg }e fayg dfekg

ak ekg* er }xe*reej xeem er braoc èjgs3 e}`grs oèesg }e fayg xa}` d \drdhwdqdk idjafq ier }`gar gk}arg

}xe qgdrs ei sgryaog+ \gdog Oer|s%\drdhwdq s}rekhfq rgoejjgkms }`d} Yefwk}ggrs& gs|goadffq sakhfg

xejgk& oeksamgr }às e|}aek+ Fayakh xa}` d idjafq ke} ekfq `gf|s xa}` oejjwka}q ak}ghrd}aek& bw} dfse

mgorgdsgs |grsekdf sgowra}q rascs+ Ai qew oèesg }e fayg xa}` d idjafq& }`g iwrka}wrg xaff bg dmgtwd}g dkm

iwko}aekdf& bw} |rebdbfq ke} eygrfq oejier}dbfg+ Ai qew oèesg }e fayg ek qewr exk& qew xaff facgfq kggm }e

iwrkas` }`g |fdog qewrsgfi+

Yefwk}ggrs xè fayg ak }`g od|a}df er e}`gr fdrhg oa}ags xaff `dyg gdsagr doogss }e sgryaogs swo` ds rwkkakh

xd}gr& gfgo}raoa}q& }gfg|èkgs& |wbfao }rdks|er}d}aek& dkm }`g Ak}grkg}+ ]`gq xaff dfse iakm jdkq ei }`g sdjg

sè||akh dkm gk}gr}dakjgk} djgka}ags iewkm ak sajafdr*sa~g oa}ags ak }`g Wka}gm _}d}gs+

Fayakh Dffexdkog dkm Jekgq Jdkdhgjgk}

Ds d Yefwk}ggr& qew xaff rgogayg d fayakh dffexdkog }`d} gkdbfgs qew }e jdak}dak d jemgs} bw} sdig dkm

dmgtwd}g faigs}qfg+ Xàfg }`g fayakh dffexdkog as odfowfd}gm }e gkdbfg qew }e fayg d} }`g sdjg s}dkmdrm ds

qewr \drdhwdqdk kgah`bers& }`g \gdog Oer|s rgtwargs }`d} Yefwk}ggr èwsakh jgg} jakajdf s}dkmdrms ier

sgowra}q dkm }`d} Yefwk}ggrs `dyg }`g rgsewrogs }e jdak}dak d `gdf}`q mag} dkm rgs|go}dbfg faigs}qfg+ Fayakh

dffexdkogs drg rgyagxgm ekog d qgdr }e gkswrg }`d} }`gq drg swiiaoagk} }e jgg} bdsao kggms& dkm }`gq drg

dmnws}gm bq }`g \gdog Oer|s ai kgogssdrq+

Qew xaff rgogayg }`rgg dmma}aekdf dffexdkogs> d jek}`fq ydod}aek dffexdkog dfekh xa}` }xe mdqs ei

ydod}aek ier gdo` jek}` ei sgryaog!3 d ekg*}ajg sg}}fakh*ak dffexdkog }e oeygr }`g aka}adf gp|gksgs ei

iwrkasàkh d èwsg er reej dkm |wro`dsakh bdsao sw||fags3 dkm dk dffexdkog sg} dsamg bq }`g W+_+

heygrkjgk} ei -227 ier gdo` jek}` ei sgryaog+ ]às rgdmnws}jgk} dffexdkog& xào` as dydafdbfg ek

oej|fg}aek ei sgryaog& |grja}s rg}wrkakh Yefwk}ggrs }e rgsg}}fg ak }`g Wka}gm _}d}gs xa}èw} wkmwg iakdkoadf

bwrmgk+

Xàfg Yefwk}ggrs drg gp|go}gm }e fayg d} }`g sdjg fgygf ds }`g \drdhwdqdks ak }`gar oejjwka}ags dkm drg

gkoewrdhgm }e jdcg me xa}` }`g dffexdkogs |reyamgm bq }`g \gdog Oer|s& sejg Yefwk}ggrs brakh dmma}aekdf

jekgq er orgma} odrms ier gp}rdermakdrq gp|gksgs er ier }rdygf mwrakh ydod}aeks+ ]`g \gdog Oer|s s}rekhfqrgoejjgkms }`d} ods` bg `gfm ak }`g ierj ei }rdygfgrs o`gocs }e |rgygk} fess er }`gi}+ ]`g D]Js }`d} drg

akorgdsakhfq dydafdbfg ak Dswkoak dkm e}`gr fdrhg oa}ags doog|} D]J odrms irej jes} W+_+ iakdkoadf

aks}a}w}aeks& akofwmakh Oa}abdkc& }`g jes} |rgydfgk} dkm mg|gkmdbfg aks}a}w}aek ier ak}grkd}aekdf }rdksdo}aeks+

\gdog Oer|s xaff sdighwdrm }rdygfgrs o`gocske} odsìer Yefwk}ggrs ak }`g eiiaog+


18/52

Ieem dkm Mag}

\drdhwdqdks }gkm }e gd} jerg saj|fg jgdfs }`dk |ge|fg me ak }`g Wka}gm _}d}gs+ Mag}drq `dba}s dkm }`g fdoc

ei dhraowf}wrdf maygrsa}q ei}gk faja} jgdfs }e bgdks& raog& keemfgs& jgd} x`gk dydafdbfg!& oerk& ekaeks&

}ejd}egs& dkm jdkaeo+ Jdkaeo er jdkmaeod jerg oejjekfq ckexk ak e}`gr oewk}rags ds qwod er odssdyd!

as }`g s}d|fg ieem ak rwrdf \drdhwdq dkm as ds wbatwa}ews d} }`g }dbfg ds brgdm as ak e}`gr oewk}rags+

\drdhwdqdk ieem as ke} s|aoq dkm as twa}g maiigrgk} irej Jgpaodk ieem ier aks}dkog& ak \drdhwdq& d }er}affd

as d cakm ei ira}}gr!+ Jes} \drdhwdqdks drg gpog|}aekdffq hgkgrews dkm xaff aksas} ek s`drakh }`gar ieem& ke

jd}}gr èx fa}}fg }`gq `dyg+

Yefwk}ggrs xè oèesg }e jdak}dak d yghg}dradk mag} drg dbfg }e me se xa}` ydrqakh mghrggs ei maiiaowf}q+

_wo` d mag} as jwo` gdsagr }e ieffex ai ekg akoer|erd}gs ghhs dkm mdarq |remwo}s& dkm sejg Yefwk}ggrs

oèesg }e dmm ias` dkm oàocgk+ Xàfg a} as |essabfg }e jdak}dak d yghg}dradk mag}& a} odk bg ygrq maiiaowf} }e

iakm }`g ydrag}q ei ieems kgogssdrq }e rgjdak `gdf}`q dkm o`dffgkhakh }e hg} \drdhwdqdks }e wkmgrs}dkm

swo` d mgoasaek+

]rdks|er}d}aek

Jes} Yefwk}ggrs fayg ak oejjwka}ags sgrygm bq d saj|fg mar} redm& xào` jdq er jdq ke} bg ofesg }e d

|dygm redm+ Akgp|gksayg bws sgryaog as dydafdbfg }e dfjes} dff oejjwka}ags& df}èwh` `gdyq rdak odk

wkgp|go}gmfq ofesg mar} redms }e bws }rdiiao ier dk wk|rgmao}dbfg fgkh}` ei }ajg+ Xàfg d oejjwka}q jdq ke}

bg d hrgd} mas}dkog irej }`g od|a}df ak jafgs& hg}}akh }`grg jdq akyefyg d }ra| ei sgygrdf èwrs bgodwsg ei }`g

oekma}aek ei wk|dygm redms+ Qew xaff rgogayg dssas}dkog ak amgk}aiqakh df}grkd}ayg ierjs ei }rdks|er}d}aek

a+g+& d |rayd}g ygàofg& }dpa& er }rwoc! irej qewr sa}g ak }`g gygk} ei dk gjgrhgkoq+ Yefwk}ggrs jdq& w|ek

rgtwgs}& bg asswgm d jewk}dak baoqofg dkm `gfjg}+

\gdog Oer|s%\drdhwdq& ds jdkmd}gm bq \gdog Oer|s%Xdsàkh}ek& |reàba}s Yefwk}ggrs irej mrayakh er

ramakh ds d |dssgkhgr ek dkq }xe* er }`rgg*x`ggfgm je}era~gm ygàofg swo` ds d je}eroqofg! ier dkq

rgdsek+ Jergeygr& Yefwk}ggrs drg ke} dffexgm }e exk er mrayg |rayd}g ygàofgs ak \drdhwdq+ ]`gsg|reàba}aeks drg ak rgs|eksg }e sgraews sdig}q oekogrks& dkm yaefd}aek ei }`g |efaoq xaff rgswf} ak }`g

dmjakas}rd}ayg sg|drd}aek ei }`g Yefwk}ggr irej \gdog Oer|s sgryaog+

Hgehrd|`q dkm Ofajd}g

Wkfacg jerg }re|aodf oewk}rags& \drdhwdq megs `dyg mas}ako} sgdseks+ _wjjgr Keygjbgr }`rewh` Jdro`!

as fekh& è}& dkm `wjam& xa}` }gj|grd}wrgs rgdoàkh ds àh` ds 4?< |+j+ \drdhwdqdks dmnws} }`gar seoadf dkm bwsakgss odfgkmdrs

dooermakh }e }`gsg maiigrgkogs+ Ak }`g xak}gr& do}aya}ags drg oej|rgssgm& dkm |ge|fg drg ak bgm bq 4< |+j+&

bw} ak }`g swjjgr& |ge|fg jdq ke} gygk gd} makkgr wk}af di}gr 4


19/52

rgjdrcdbfq mwrakh }`g swjjgr& gs|goadffq ak rwrdf drgds& dkm d fekh jammdq sags}d mayamgs }`g xercmdq ak}e

gdrfq jerkakh dkm fd}g di}grkeek |graems+

Ak }`g gds}grk |dr} ei }`g oewk}rq& }`grg as ke jdrcgm rdakq er mrq sgdsek& dkm }`grg as d|} }e bg dbwkmdk}

rdak }`rewhèw} }`g qgdr+ _wjjgr rdaks }gkm }e bg sèr} dkm ak}gksg& xàfg xak}gr rdaks }gkm }e bg fekhgr

dkm fah`}gr+ ]`grg drg jek}`s xa}` fa}}fg er ke rdak dkm jek}`s x`gk a} rdaks kgdrfq gygrq mdq+

_eoadf Do}aya}ags

Rgorgd}aek ak sjdffgr }exks ei}gk ogk}grs ek }`g idjafq& xa}` dk eoodsaekdf mdkog& seoogr hdjg& er èrsg

rdog }e d}}gkm+ Ak }`g gygkakh& jdkq idjafags hd}`gr xa}` iragkms ier yeffgqbdff hdjgs+ ]`g fesgrs |dq ier

mrakcs& xào` jah`} bg sei} mrakcs hdsgesds! er bggr+ \ge|fg irgtwgk}fq sa} ak ofws}grs ei}gk faja}gm }e ekg

hgkmgr er dhg hrew|! }e mrakc }`g wbatwa}ewsqgrbd jd}& d oejjek feodf mrakc jdmg irej }`g fgdygs ei d

s`rwb kd}ayg }e }`g rghaek& ga}`gr oefm }grgr! er è} ak }`g gdrfq jerkakh er ak xak}gr}ajg!+ Mwrakh }`g è}

swjjgr& dk aj|er}dk} seoadf do}aya}q as facgfq }e bg bd}àkh ak }`g feodf drreqe& er sjdff s}rgdj+ ]`g

gfgo}raiaod}aek ei }`g oewk}rqsamg `ds akorgdsgm }`g |e|wfdra}q ei}gfgkeygfds sed| e|grds!+ Yefwk}ggrs ei}gk

|dr}aoa|d}g ak erhdka~gm hrew|s& swo` ds goefehq ofwbs er qew}` hrew|s& }`d} jgg} eoodsaekdffq ier sgfgo}gmdo}aya}ags+

Ak Dswkoak dkm fdrhgr }exks& }`grg as d xamgr ydrag}q ei e|}aeks ier seoadf do}aya}ags& akofwmakh jeyag

}`gd}grs& kah`}ofwbs& rgs}dwrdk}s& dkm s|er}akh gygk}s+ Yefwk}ggrs wswdffq }dcg dmydk}dhg ei }`gar rdrg

xggcgkms ak }`g od|a}df }e sgg }`g kgxgs} jeyags dkm gkneq sejg kah`} faig+ Yefwk}ggrs dfse `dyg doogss }e

}`g sxajjakh |eef d} }`g W+_+ gjbdssq xàfg ak Dswkoak+

\reigssaekdfasj& Mrgss& dkm Bg`dyaer

Ofgdkfakgss dkm d kgd} |grsekdf d||gdrdkog drg ygrq aj|er}dk} }e \drdhwdqdks& ds }`gq drg ier Yefwk}ggrs

xè rg|rgsgk} }`g \gdog Oer|s dkm }`g Wka}gm _}d}gs+ Qew jws} mrgss d||re|rad}gfq x`gk jgg}akh xa}`

heygrkjgk} er e}`gr eiiaoadfs+ _èr}s& }dkc }e|s& dkm ifa|*ife|s drg akd||re|rad}g gpog|} drewkm qewr èjg

er ier rgorgd}aekdf do}aya}ags+ X`g}`gr qew xerc ak d soèef er eiiaog sg}}akh& ak rwrdf er wrbdk \drdhwdq&

|re|gr d}}arg xaff `gf| gs}dbfas` qewr |reigssaekdf orgmabafa}q+ A} dfse rgifgo}s qewr rgs|go} ier }`g ows}ejs

dkm faigs}qfg ei }`g |ge|fg xa}` xèj qew drg fayakh dkm xercakh+

Df}èwh` diifwgk} \drdhwdqdks ak Dswkoak jdq bg akifwgkogm bq ak}grkd}aekdf }rgkms dkm idsàeks& jes}

\drdhwdqdks yagx sèwfmgr*fgkh}` `dar& mrgdmfeocs& |ekq}dafs& }d}}ees& dkm gdrrakhs ek jgk xa}` sws|aoaek+

A} as ke} wkwswdf ier d |grsek }e bg fdbgfgm d mrehdmao}e mrwh dmmao}!& bdsgm ek d||gdrdkog dfekg+

]`grgierg& Yefwk}ggrs drg ke} |grja}}gm }e `dyg idoadf |agroakh kesg& }ekhwg& gqgbrex!+ ]d}}ees ier be}`

jgk dkm xejgk sèwfm rgjdak oeygrgm wk}af Yefwk}ggrs `dyg bggk d} }`gar sa}gs ier d} fgds} sap jek}`s dkm

odk rgdfas}aodffq nwmhg }`g mghrgg }e xào` }`gsg xewfm bg doog|}gm bq oejjwka}q jgjbgrs+ Igjdfg

Yefwk}ggrs sèwfm dfxdqs xgdr brds ew}samg }`gar èjgs+ Jdfg Yefwk}ggrs xa}` bgdrms jws} cgg| }`gj

xgff*}rajjgm dkm ofgdk+ Kgygr}`gfgss& xg dsc }`d} jgk drrayg ak \drdhwdq ofgdk s`dygk ier qewr eiiaoadf

amgk}aiaod}aek |è}e+

Ai qew me ke} ow} qewr `dar dkm rgjeyg bemq rakhs bgierg qew drrayg ak \drdhwdq& qew xaff bg dscgm }e me se

bgierg qew drg |fdogm xa}` d ès} idjafq mwrakh }rdakakh+ Dm`grgkog }e }`gsg rwfgs as oeksamgrgm }e bg d sahk

ei qewr je}ayd}aek dkm oejja}jgk} }e dmd|} }e qewr kgx gkyarekjgk}+ Ai qew `dyg rgsgryd}aeks dbew} }às&

er ai qew yagx }às ds dk wkdoog|}dbfg sdoraiaog& qew sèwfm rggydfwd}g qewr mgoasaek }e bgoejg d \gdog


20/52

Oer|s Yefwk}ggr ak \drdhwdq+ Ai qew mgoamg }e oekierj }e }`g oewk}rqs kerjs& qew xaff bg dj|fq rgxdrmgm

bq }`g hrgd} dmygk}wrg dkm fds}akh iragkmsà|s }`d} dxda} qew+

\grsekdf _dig}q

Jerg akierjd}aek dbew} }`g \gdog Oer|s d||redo` }e sdig}q as ew}fakgm ak }`g @gdf}` Odrg dkm _dig}qo`d|}gr& bw} a} as dk aj|er}dk} asswg dkm odkke} bg eygrgj|`dsa~gm+ Ds s}d}gm ak }`g Yefwk}ggr @dkmbeec&

bgoejakh d \gdog Oer|s Yefwk}ggr gk}dafs ogr}dak sdig}q rascs+ Fayakh dkm }rdygfakh ak dk wkidjafadr

gkyarekjgk} ei}gk}ajgs dfekg!& `dyakh d faja}gm wkmgrs}dkmakh ei feodf fdkhwdhg dkm owf}wrg& dkm bgakh

|grogaygm ds xgff*eii drg sejg ei }`g ido}ers }`d} odk |w} d Yefwk}ggr d} rasc+ Jdkq Yefwk}ggrs gp|gragkog

ydrqakh mghrggs ei wkxdk}gm d}}gk}aek dkm `drdssjgk}+ \g}}q }`gi}s dkm bwrhfdrags drg ke} wkoejjek& dkm

akoamgk}s ei |`qsaodf dkm sgpwdf dssdwf} me eoowr& df}èwh` jes} \drdhwdq Yefwk}ggrs oej|fg}g }`gar }xe

qgdrs ei sgryaog xa}èw} |grsekdf sgowra}q akoamgk}s+ ]`g \gdog Oer|s `ds gs}dbfas`gm |reogmwrgs dkm

|efaoags mgsahkgm }e `gf| qew rgmwog qewr rascs dkm gk`dkog qewr sdig}q dkm sgowra}q+ ]`gsg |reogmwrgs dkm

|efaoags& ak dmma}aek }e sdig}q }rdakakh& xaff bg |reyamgm ekog qew drrayg ak \drdhwdq+ D} }`g sdjg }ajg& qew

drg gp|go}gm }e }dcg rgs|eksabafa}q ier qewr sdig}q dkm xgff*bgakh+

Rgxdrms dkm Irws}rd}aeks

Yefwk}ggrs `dyg d ydrag}q ei rgdseks ier neakakh }`g \gdog Oer|s& bw} àh` ek }`g fas} jws} bg }`g mgsarg }e

`gf| e}`grs+ Jes} Yefwk}ggrs brakh dk dbwkmdkog ei je}ayd}aek dkm gk}`wsadsj }e }`gar sgryaog+ ]`gsg drg

ke} fes} ak sgryakh e}`grs& bw} drg kgogssdrafq }gj|grgm bq }`g |reogss ei fgdrkakh dbew} }`g mdafq rgdfa}ags ei

d maiigrgk} owf}wrg+ _e xàfg Yefwk}ggrs sèwfm ke} gp|go} }e o`dkhg }`g xerfm& }`gq odk feec ierxdrm }e

jdcakh d }dkhabfg aj|do}+

Bgakh d Yefwk}ggr rgtwargs dmnws}akh }e df}grkd}ayg xdqs ei }àkcakh& fayakh& dkm xercakh+ _wo` dmnws}jgk}s

drg kga}`gr saj|fg ker |dakfgss+ ]`g |ge|fg qew xerc xa}` jdq `dyg s}rekh iggfakhs ei |ramg dkm

kd}aekdfasj& se qewr exk gk}`wsadsj ier o`dkhg& èxgygr xgff ak}gkmgm& jdq bg jaswkmgrs}eem+ Qew xaffoeks}dk}fq kggm }e }dcg ak}e oeksamgrd}aek }`g gje}aeks& kggms& }rdma}aeks& aks}a}w}aeks& dkm xdq ei faig ei }`g

|ge|fg qew xerc xa}`+

Qewr sd}asido}aek xaff oejg irej qewr oejja}jgk} }e fgdrkakh dkm }`g ifgpabafa}q qew |essgss }e mgdf xa}`

kgx ydfwgs dkm gp|gragkogs+ Di}gr fayakh dkm xercakh xa}` }`g |ge|fg ei dke}`gr owf}wrg& Yefwk}ggrs ei}gk

mgygfe| s}rekh }ags }`d} drg rgifgo}gm ak s}rekh gje}aeks+ Ak}gksg iggfakhs ei mgs|grd}aek& sd}asido}aek& dkhgr&

`d||akgss& dkpag}q& dkm |gdog ei jakm xaff ore| w| eygr dkm eygr+ ]`gsg iggfakhs drg }`g `gdr} ei }`g

Yefwk}ggr gp|gragkog+ Bw} ak }`g gkm& a} as d rdrg Yefwk}ggr xè megs ke} iggf }`d} }`g gp|gragkog xds ekg ei

}`g jes} aj|er}dk} ak `gr er às faig+


21/52

\GDOG OER\_ ]RDAKAKH

Eygryagx ei \rg*_gryaog ]rdakakh

\gdog Oer|s%\drdhwdqs |rg*sgryaog }rdakakh oeksas}s ei 44 xggcs ei ak}gksayg ak*oewk}rq }rdakakh ak iaygjdner drgds> fdkhwdhg Hwdrdka dkm _|dkas`!& oejjwka}q mgygfe|jgk} dkm |grsekdf dmd|}d}aek& }go`kaodf

neb eragk}d}aek& Yefwk}ggr sdig}q dkm sgowra}q& dkm `gdf}`+ Bq }`g gkm ei }rdakakh& gdo` }rdakgg `ds }e |dss

twdfaiqakh ora}grad ak gdo` ei }`gsg drgds }e bg sxerk ak ds d \gdog Oer|s Yefwk}ggr+

]`g }rdakakh ogk}gr as feod}gm ak }`g }exk ei Hwdrdjbdr& xào` as d||repajd}gfq ekg èwr bq bws irej }`g

od|a}df& Dswkoak+ ]rdakggs dfse jdcg yasa}s }e Yefwk}ggr sa}gs }e bghak |rg|drakh ier }`g rgdfa}ags ei faig ak

\drdhwdq+ Di}gr gah`} xggcs& }rdakggs s|gkm d xggc d} }`g sa}g }e xào` }`gq xaff bg |grjdkgk}fq dssahkgm+

]rdakggs fayg xa}` d \drdhwdqdk idjafq mwrakh }`g gk}arg 44 xggc }rdakakh |graem& s`drakh jgdfs&

oekygrsd}aek& dkm e}`gr gp|gragkogs+ ]`g idjafags fayg ak sjdff sd}gffa}g oejjwka}ags xa}àk d igx

cafejg}grs ei Hwdrdjbdr& xèsg rgsamgk}s drg irej }`g fexgr*akoejg }e jammfg*akoejg s}rd}d ei

\drdhwdqdk seoag}q+ ]rdakggs s|gkm jes} ei }`gar }ajg ak fdkhwdhg ofdssgs d} }`gar sd}gffa}g }rdakakh idoafa}q+

]go`kaodf& owf}wrdf& dkm oejjwka}q mgygfe|jgk} s}wmags drg oejbakgm xa}` |rdo}aog ei kgx scaffs d} }`g

oejjwka}q fgygf& ei}gk ak oee|grd}aek xa}` kgdrbq soèefs& erhdka~d}aeks& dkm oejjwka}q hrew|s+

Oejbakakh ierjdf ofdssreej s}wmq xa}` dj|fg e||er}wka}q ier |rdo}aoakh d kgx fdkhwdhg dkm owf}wrdf dkm

}go`kaodf scaffs `ds |reygm }e bg dk gp}rgjgfq giigo}ayg xdq ei |rg|drakh Yefwk}ggrs }e xerc ds

akmg|gkmgk} |reigssaekdfs mwrakh }`gar sgryaog+

]`rewhèw} }rdakakh& qew xaff bg gkoewrdhgm }e oek}akwg gpdjakakh qewr |grsekdf je}ayd}aek ier sgryakh ak

}`g \gdog Oer|s dkm qewr fgygf ei mgmaod}aek dkm oejja}jgk}+ Bq }`g }ajg qew drg sxerk ak ds d

Yefwk}ggr& qew sèwfm `dyg jdmg dk akierjgm dkm sgraews oejja}jgk} }`d} xaff sws}dak qew }`rewh` d iwff

}xe qgdrs ei sgryaog+

]go`kaodf ]rdakakh

]`g }rdakakh ogk}gr as s}diigm bq }go`kaodf s|goadfas}s xè |rgsgk} d mg}dafgm owrraowfwj }dafergm }e }`g neb

rgtwargjgk}s s|goaiagm bq \gdog Oer|s%\drdhwdq+ ]go`kaodf }rdakakh xaff |rg|drg qew }e xerc ak \drdhwdq

bq bwafmakh ek }`g scaffs qew dfrgdmq `dyg dkm `gf|akh qew mgygfe| kgx scaffs ak d jdkkgr d||re|rad}g }e

}`g kggms ei }`g oewk}rq+ ]rdakakh |fdogs hrgd} gj|`dsas ek fgdrkakh èx }e }rdksigr }`g scaffs qew `dyg }e

}`g oejjwka}q ak xào` qew xaff sgryg ds d Yefwk}ggr3 ak ido}& qew xaff bg akyefygm ak |rdo}aodf& `dkms*ek

}rdakakh mwrakh qewr iars} xggc ak*oewk}rq+

]go`kaodf }rdakakh xaff akofwmg sgssaeks ek }`g goekejao dkm |efa}aodf gkyarekjgk} ak \drdhwdq dkm

s}rd}ghags ier xercakh xa}àk swo` d irdjgxerc+ Qew xaff rgyagx qewr }go`kaodf sgo}ers hedfs dkm xaff

jgg} xa}` }`g \drdhwdqdk dhgkoags dkm erhdka~d}aeks }`d} akya}gm }`g \gdog Oer|s }e dssas} }`gj+ Qew xaff

bg sw||er}gm dkm gydfwd}gm }`rewhèw} }rdakakh }e bwafm }`g oekiamgkog dkm scaffs qew kggm }e wkmgr}dcg

qewr |rengo} do}aya}ags dkm bg d |remwo}ayg jgjbgr ei qewr oejjwka}q+

Fdkhwdhg ]rdakakh

]`g aj|er}dkog ei fdkhwdhg dbafa}q odkke} bg gj|`dsa~gm gkewh`& gs|goadffq bgodwsg Yefwk}ggrs ak

\drdhwdq kggm }e hdak oej|g}gkoq ak }xe fdkhwdhgs+ Qewr dbafa}q }e s`drg akierjd}aek& sgryg ds d

oejjwka}q rgsewrog& dkm ak}ghrd}g ak}e \drdhwdqdk owf}wrg xaff bg margo}fq rgfd}gm }e qewr dbafa}q }e

oejjwkaod}g ke} nws} ak _|dkas` bw} dfse ak Hwdrdk+ Bgodwsg ei }`g aj|er}dkog ei oej|g}gkoq ak Hwdrdk&


22/52

mg|gkmakh ek }`g }go`kaodf }rdakakh hrew| qew xaff bg ak& }`grg xaff bg d s}rekhgr gj|`dsas ek Hwdrdka eygr

_|dkas`+ ]`grgierg& qew drg s}rekhfq wrhgm }e aka}ad}g _|dkas` fdkhwdhg s}wmags bgierg qew fgdyg ier

\drdhwdq }e bwafm d sefam iewkmd}aek ei idjafadra}q xa}` _|dkas`+ Hwdrdk as ke} dk gs|goadffq maiiaowf}

fdkhwdhg ier dk Gkhfas` s|gdcgr& bw} a} as jwo` gdsagr ai ekg `ds bdsao oej|g}gkog ak _|dkas`+ Akya}ggs

oèesakh }e oejg }e \drdhwdq }e aj|reyg }`gar _|dkas` scaffs sèwfm }àkc }xaog& sakog jes} Yefwk}ggrs

xaff s|gdc Hwdrdk d} }`gar sa}gs+!

Irej }`g bghakkakh& qewr fdkhwdhg }rdakakh xaff akoer|erd}g d oejjwka}q*bdsgm d||redo`+ Ak dmma}aek }e

ofdssreej }ajg& qew xaff bg haygk dssahkjgk}s }e xerc ek ew}samg ei }`g ofdssreej dkm xa}` qewr ès}

idjafq+ ]`g hedf as }e hg} qew }e d |eak} ei bdsao seoadf oejjwkaod}aek scaffs se }`d} qew odk |rdo}aog dkm

mgygfe| fdkhwdhg scaffs iwr}`gr ekog qew drg d} qewr sa}g+ \raer }e qewr sxgdrakh ak ds d Yefwk}ggr& qew xaff

xerc ek s}rd}ghags }e oek}akwg fdkhwdhg s}wmags mwrakh qewr sgryaog+

Oress*Owf}wrdf ]rdakakh

]`g eygrdff hedf ei |grsekdf dkm owf}wrdf }rdakakh as }e `gf| qew xerc xa}àk \drdhwdqs owf}wrdf kerjs dkm

jemaiq bg`dyaers x`gk d||re|rad}g+ Qew xaff fgdrk dbew} asswgs rgfd}gm }e oress*owf}wrdf dmnws}jgk} dkm

asefd}aek dkm jg}èms ei mgdfakh xa}` }`gj+ D cgq gfgjgk} ei }às }rdakakh as fayakh xa}` d \drdhwdqdk ès}

idjafq& xè xaff bg qewr hrgd}gs} rgsewrog ier gdsakh }`g }rdksa}aek }e faig d} qewr sa}g+ Idjafags he }`rewh`

dk eragk}d}aek oekmwo}gm bq \gdog Oer|s s}dii }e gp|fdak }`g |wr|esg ei |rg*sgryaog }rdakakh dkm }e dssas}

}`gj ak `gf|akh qew dmd|} }e fayakh ak \drdhwdq+ Jdkq Yefwk}ggrs ierj s}rekh dkm fds}akh iragkmsà|s xa}`

}`gar es} idjafags+

Oress*owf}wrdf dkm oejjwka}q mgygfe|jgk} }rdakakh xaff `gf| qew aj|reyg qewr oejjwkaod}aek scaffs dkm

wkmgrs}dkm qewr refg ds d idoafa}d}er ei mgygfe|jgk}+ Qew xaff bg gp|esgm }e }e|aos swo` ds oejjwka}q

jebafa~d}aek& oekifao} rgsefw}aek& hgkmgr dkm mgygfe|jgk}& kek*ierjdf dkm dmwf} gmwod}aek s}rd}ghags& dkm

|efa}aodf s}rwo}wrgs+

@gdf}` ]rdakakh

@gdf}` }rdakakh as mgsahkgm }e gkdbfg }rdakggs }e bgoejg jerg sgfi*swiiaoagk}+ Ds d Yefwk}ggr& qew xaff bggp|go}gm }e |rdo}aog |rgygk}ayg `gdf}òdrg dkm }e }dcg rgs|eksabafa}q ier qewr exk `gdf}` bq dm`grakh }e dff

jgmaodf |efaoags+

Qew xaff fgdrk èx }e wsg feodffq dydafdbfg ieem }e |rg|drg kw}ra}aekdffq bdfdkogm jgdfs+ Qew dfse xaff bg

haygk bdsao jgmaodf }rdakakh dkm akierjd}aek+ ]`g }e|aos akofwmg |rgygk}ayg `gdf}` jgdswrgs dkm jaker dkm

jdner jgmaodf asswgs }`d} qew jah`} gkoewk}gr xàfg ak \drdhwdq+ Jgk}df `gdf}` dkm èx }e dyeam

@AY%DAM_ dkm e}`gr sgpwdffq }rdksja}}gm masgdsgs _]Ms! drg dfse oeygrgm+ Owrrgk} Yefwk}ggrs xaff

|dr}aoa|d}g ak sejg ei }`g `gdf}` sgssaeks }e àh`fah`} }`g ydfwg ei |ggr sw||er} ak `gdf}` jdak}gkdkog+

X`gk \gdog Oer|s Yefwk}ggrs drg oekirek}gm xa}` maiiaowf} sa}wd}aeks er orasgs& }`gq drg jes} facgfq }e he }e d

iragkm& rd}`gr }`dk }e sejgekg }`gq me ke} ckex ygrq xgff+ Df}èwh` amgdffq d \gdog Oer|s Yefwk}ggr xaff

oej|fg}g sgryaog xa}èw} idoakh jdner |rebfgjs& sejg}ajgs d Yefwk}ggr as |rgsgk}gm xa}` d maiiaowf} |rebfgj

er sa}wd}aek+ Mwrakh |rg*sgryaog }rdakakh ds xgff ds ak*sgryaog }rdakakhs& qew xaff fgdrk }e mgdf xa}` sgksa}ayg

asswgs swo` ds mg|rgssaek dkm s}rgss& ds xgff ds èx }e `gf| e}`gr Yefwk}ggrs x`gk }`gq gp|gragkog

maiiaowf}ags+


23/52

_dig}q ]rdakakh

Mwrakh }`g sdig}q }rdakakh sgssaeks& qew xaff fgdrk èx }e dme|} d faigs}qfg }`d} rgmwogs rasc ak qewr èjg& d}

xerc& dkm mwrakh }rdygf+ Qew xaff dfse fgdrk d||re|rad}g& giigo}ayg s}rd}ghags ier oe|akh xa}` wkxdk}gm

d}}gk}aek dkm dbew} qewr akmayamwdf rgs|eksabafa}q ier |reje}akh sdig}q }`rewhèw} qewr sgryaog+ Qew xaff

dfse bg bragigm ek }`g |es}s gjgrhgkoq do}aek |fdk+

Dmma}aekdf ]rdakakhs Mwrakh Yefwk}ggr _gryaog

Ak a}s oejja}jgk} }e aks}a}w}aekdfa~g twdfa}q }rdakakh& }`g \gdog Oer|s `ds aj|fgjgk}gm d }rdakakh sqs}gj

}`rewhèw} }`g }xe qgdrs ei sgryaog }`d} |reyamgs Yefwk}ggrs xa}` oek}akwdf e||er}wka}ags }e gpdjakg }`gar

oejja}jgk} }e \gdog Oer|s sgryaog xàfg akorgdsakh }`gar fdkhwdhg& }go`kaodf& dkm oejjwka}q

mgygfe|jgk} scaffs+ Mwrakh qewr sgryaog& }`grg drg wswdffq iewr }rdakakh gygk}s+ ]`g }a}fgs dkm ebngo}aygs ei

}èsg }rdakakhs drg ds ieffexs>

Rgoekkgo} ak*sgryaog }rdakakh> \reyamgs dk e||er}wka}q ier Yefwk}ggrs }e w|hrdmg }`gar fdkhwdhg&sdig}q dkm sgowra}q dkm |rengo} mgygfe|jgk} scaffs xàfg s`drakh }`gar gp|gragkogs dkm rgdiiarjakh

}`gar oejja}jgk} di}gr `dyakh sgrygm ier }`rgg jek}`s+

\rengo} mgsahk dkm jdkdhgjgk} xercsè|> \reyamgs Yefwk}ggrs dkm oejjwka}q oek}do}s xa}` }`gscaffs kgogssdrq }e amgk}aiq kggms& sg} |raera}ags& dkm mgsahk sws}dakdbfg oejjwka}q |rengo}s+ ]às as

dk e|}aekdf xercsè| `gfm ak D|raf dkm Dwhws} ei gdo` qgdr+

]go`kaodf ak*sgryaog }rdakakh> \reyamgs ieowsgm }go`kaodf }rdakakh }exdrms }`g ofesg ei }`g iars} qgdrei sgryaog dkm `gf|s Yefwk}ggrs rgyagx }`gar iars} qgdr& rgdssgss |grsekdf dkm |rengo} ebngo}aygs& dkm

|fdk ier }`gar sgoekm qgdr ei sgryaog

Jam*qgdr oekigrgkog> \reyamgs Yefwk}ggrs dk e||er}wka}q }e s`drg swoogssgs dkm o`dffgkhgs irej}`g |rgyaews qgdr xa}` }`gar hrew| dkm \rehrdj Jdkdhgr+ ]`g oekigrgkog dfse |reyamgs dk

e||er}wka}q }e mgygfe| s}rd}ghags dkm xerc |fdks ier }`g w|oejakh qgdr+

Ofesg ei sgryaog oekigrgkog> \rg|drgs Yefwk}ggrs ier }`g }rdksa}aek di}gr \gdog Oer|s sgryaog&rgyagxakh }`gar xerc dkm |grsekdf gp|gragkogs ds xgff ds amgk}aiqakh iw}wrg ds|ard}aeks+

]`g kwjbgr& fgkh}`& dkm mgsahk ei }`gsg }rdakakhs drg dmd|}gm }e oewk}rq*s|goaiao kggms dkm oekma}aeks+ ]`g

cgq }e }`g }rdakakh sqs}gj as }`d} }rdakakh gygk}s drg ak}ghrd}gm dkm ak}grrgfd}gm& irej }`g |rg*mg|dr}wrg

eragk}d}aek }`rewh` }e }`g gkm ei qewr sgryaog& dkm drg |fdkkgm& aj|fgjgk}gm& dkm gydfwd}gm oee|grd}aygfq

bq }rdakakh s}dii& \gdog Oer|s s}dii& dkm Yefwk}ggrs+


24/52

QEWR @GDF]@ ODRG DKM_DIG]Q AK \DRDHWDQ

]`g \gdog Oer|s àh`gs} |raera}q as jdak}dakakh }`g `gdf}` dkm sdig}q ei gygrq Yefwk}ggr+ \gdog Oer|s

jgmaodf |rehrdjs gj|`dsa~g }`g |rgygk}ayg& rd}`gr }`dk }`g owrd}ayg& d||redo` }e masgdsg+ ]`g \gdog Oer|s

ak \drdhwdq jdak}daks d ofakao }`d} as s}diigm iwff }ajg bq d |`qsaoadk dkm d rghas}grgm kwrsg& xè }dcg odrg

ei Yefwk}ggrs |rajdrq `gdf}òdrg kggms+ Dmma}aekdf jgmaodf sgryaogs& swo` ds }gs}akh dkm bdsao }rgd}jgk}&

drg dfse dydafdbfg ak \drdhwdq d} feodf& Djgraodk*s}dkmdrm ès|a}dfs+ Ai qew bgoejg sgraewsfq aff er `dyg d

oekma}aek }`d} odkke} bg `dkmfgm dmgtwd}gfq ak*oewk}rq& qew xaff bg jgmaodffq gydowd}gm }e ga}`gr \dkdjd

er }`g Wka}gm _}d}gs ier }rgd}jgk}+

@gdf}` Asswgs ak \drdhwdq

]`g jes} oejjek affkgssgs }`d} |fdhwg be}` \drdhwdqdks dkm Yefwk}ggrs drg dfse iewkm ak }`g Wka}gm

_}d}gs& swo` ds oefms& brekoà}as& madrr`gd& oeks}a|d}aek& sakws akigo}aeks& scak akigo}aeks& `gdmdo`gs& mgk}df

|rebfgjs& jaker aknwrags& _]Ms& gje}aekdf |rebfgjs& dkm dfoeèf dbwsg+ ]`gsg |rebfgjs jdq bg jerg

dow}g ak \drdhwdq bgodwsg ogr}dak gkyarekjgk}df ido}ers rdasg }`g rasc er gpdogrbd}g }`g sgygra}q ei ogr}dak

affkgssgs dkm aknwrags+ Ier aks}dkog& |rebfgjs dsseoad}gm xa}` owf}wrdf dmd|}d}aek jdq gpdogrbd}g gje}aekdf

|rebfgjs er oek}rabw}g }e dfoeèf dbwsg+ @exgygr& }`g jes} oejjek dafjgk}s& xào` drg gdsafq

|rgygk}dbfg& drg }èsg dsseoad}gm xa}` wkofgdk xd}gr dkm |eer ieem |rg|drd}aek& swo` ds madrr`gd dkm

hadrmadsas odwsgm bq d oejjek |drdsa}g!+ @g|d}a}as as jwo` rdrgr& bw} a} odk dfse bg }rdksja}}gm bq |effw}gm

xd}gr er |eerfq |rg|drgm ieem+

\drdhwdq as ier}wkd}g }e bg irgg ei jdkq ei }`g masgdsgs gkmgjao }e }re|aodf drgds& swo` ds djgbadsas&

Hwakgd xerj& dkm }q|èam igygr+ Bw} }`grg drg sgdsekdf w|sxakhs ei mgkhwg igygr& xào` as }rdksja}}gm bqjestwa}egs+ Df}èwh` a}s sqj|}ejs akofwmg sgygrg jwsowfdr |dak dkm `gdmdo`gs& mgkhwg igygr as rdrgfq

mdkhgrews dkm kerjdffq rgtwargs d sèr} |graem ei bgm rgs}+ Jdfdrad as rdrg& }`grgierg Yefwk}ggrs me ke}

kggm }e }dcg jdfdrad jgmaod}aek& bw} Yefwk}ggrs }rdygfakh ew}samg ei }`g oewk}rq jdq bg gp|esgm }e jdfdrad

er e}`gr masgdsgs ke} kerjdffq gkoewk}grgm ak \drdhwdq+

Yefwk}ggrs drg asswgm jestwa}e rg|gffgk} dkm jestwa}e kg}s& xào` odk bg giigo}ayg ak }`g |rgygk}aek ei

jestwa}e*berkg masgdsgs+

@gf|akh Qew _}dq @gdf}`q

]`g \gdog Oer|s xaff |reyamg qew xa}` dff }`g kgogssdrq akeowfd}aeks& jgmaod}aeks& dkm akierjd}aek }e s}dq`gdf}`q+ W|ek qewr drraydf ak \drdhwdq& qew xaff bg bragigm ek }`g bdsaos ei `gdf}òdrg bq }`g \gdog Oer|s

jgmaodf eiiaogr+ D} }`g gkm ei }rdakakh& qew xaff rgogayg d jgmaodf ca} xa}` sw||fags }e }dcg odrg ei jafm

affkgssgs dkm iars}*dam kggms+ ]`g oek}gk}s ei }`g ca} drg fas}gm fd}gr ak }às o`d|}gr+

Mwrakh |rg*sgryaog }rdakakh& qew xaff `dyg doogss }e bdsao jgmaodf sw||fags }`rewh` }`g jgmaodf eiiaogr+

@exgygr& qew xaff bg rgs|eksabfg ier qewr exk sw||fq ei |rgsora|}aek mrwhs dkm dkq e}`gr s|goaiao jgmaodf

sw||fags qew rgtwarg& ds }`g \gdog Oer|s xaff ke} ermgr }`gsg a}gjs ier qew mwrakh }rdakakh+ \fgdsg brakh d


25/52

}`rgg*jek}` sw||fq ei dkq |rgsora|}aek mrwhs qew wsg& sakog }`gq jdq ke} bg dydafdbfg `grg dkm a} jdq }dcg

sgygrdf jek}`s ier sà|jgk}s }e drrayg+ Qew jah`} oeksamgr sxa}oàkh irej kdjg*brdkm }e hgkgrao mrwhs& ds

}`g \gdog Oer|s jgmaodf eiiaogr jdq ke} bg dbfg }e |wro`dsg ogr}dak kdjg*brdkm |rgsora|}aeks+ Qew xaff

`dyg |`qsaodf gpdjs d} jam*sgryaog dkm d} }`g gkm ei qewr sgryaog+ Ai qew mgygfe| d sgraews jgmaodf

|rebfgj mwrakh qewr sgryaog& }`g jgmaodf eiiaogr ak \drdhwdq xaff oekswf} xa}` }`g Eiiaog ei Jgmaodf

_gryaogs ak Xdsàkh}ek& M+O+ Ai a} as mg}grjakgm }`d} qewr oekma}aek odkke} bg }rgd}gm ak \drdhwdq& qew jdqbg sgk} ew} ei }`g oewk}rq ier iwr}`gr gydfwd}aek dkm odrg+

Jdak}dakakh Qewr @gdf}`

Ds d Yefwk}ggr& qew jws} doog|} oeksamgrdbfg rgs|eksabafa}q ier qewr exk `gdf}`+ \re|gr |rgodw}aeks xaff

sahkaiaodk}fq rgmwog qewr rasc ei sgraews affkgss er aknwrq+ ]`g dmdhg Dk ewkog ei |rgygk}aek as xer}` d

|ewkm ei owrg bgoejgs gp}rgjgfq aj|er}dk} ak drgds x`grg madhkes}ao dkm }rgd}jgk} idoafa}ags drg ke} w|

}e }`g s}dkmdrms ei }`g Wka}gm _}d}gs+ ]`g jes} aj|er}dk} ei qewr rgs|eksabafa}ags ak \drdhwdq as }e }dcg }`g

ieffexakh |rgygk}ayg jgdswrgs+

Qew jws} gkswrg }`d} qewr mrakcakh xd}gr as sdig+ Jdkq Yefwk}ggrs fayg ak oejjwka}ags xa}` `dkm*mwhxgffs& dkm }`d} xd}gr as ke} ds sdig ds xd}gr mrdxk irej mgg| xgffs+ Oeksgtwgk}fq& qew xaff kggm }e beaf er

e}`grxasg }rgd} qewr xd}gr+ Xd}gr iaf}grs drg ke} asswgm bq \gdog Oer|s%\drdhwdq bgodwsg }`g \gdog Oer|s

jgmaodf eiiaogr `ds mg}grjakgm }`d} }`gq drg ke} kggmgm ak jes} oejjwka}ags ak \drdhwdq+

Qew jws} gkswrg }`d} qewr ieem `ds bggk |rg|drgm |re|grfq& x`g}`gr bq qew er bq e}`grs+ Dfxdqs gd} ieems

}`d} drg xgff oeecgm dkm rdx yghg}dbfgs }`d} `dyg bggk ofgdkgm xa}` beafgm er }rgd}gm xd}gr+ Dkm rgjgjbgr

}`d} ieem s|eafs rd|amfq xa}èw} rgirahgrd}aek ak d è} dkm `wjam ofajd}g+ ]`g jgmaodf eiiaogr xaff masowss

s|goaiao s}dkmdrms ier xd}gr dkm ieem |rg|drd}aek ak \drdhwdq mwrakh |rg*sgryaog }rdakakh+

Dfxdqs wsg }`g \gdog Oer|s*asswgm jestwa}e kg} x`gk sfgg|akh }e |re}go} qewrsgfi irej aksgo}*berkg

affkgssgs swo` ds mgkhwg igygr+ Me ke} }dcg jgmaod}aeks e}`gr }`dk }èsg ak qewr jgmaodf ca} xa}èw} }`g

dmyaog ei }`g \gdog Oer|s jgmaodf eiiaogr& dkm kgygr `dyg akngo}aeks e}`gr }`dk }èsg haygk bq }`g \gdogOer|s jgmaodf eiiaogr er bq sejgekg rgoejjgkmgm bq }`g jgmaodf eiiaog+ A} as ora}aodf }e qewr `gdf}` }`d}

qew |rej|}fq rg|er} }e }`g jgmaodf eiiaog er e}`gr mgsahkd}gm idoafa}q ier so`gmwfgm ajjwka~d}aeks& dkm }`d}

qew fg} }`g jgmaodf eiiaogr ckex ajjgmad}gfq ei sahkaiaodk} affkgssgs dkm aknwrq+

Dbs}akgkog as }`g ekfq ogr}dak oèaog ier |rgygk}aek ei @AY%DAM_ dkm e}`gr _]Ms+ Qew drg }dcakh d rasc ai

qew oèesg }e bg sgpwdffq do}ayg+ ]e fgssgk rasc& wsg d oekmej gygrq }ajg qew `dyg sgp+ X`g}`gr qewr |dr}kgr

as d ès} oewk}rq oa}a~gk& d igffex Yefwk}ggr& er dkqekg gfsg& me ke} dsswjg }às |grsek as irgg ei @AY%DAM_ er

e}`gr _]Ms+ Qew xaff rgogayg jerg akierjd}aek irej }`g jgmaodf eiiaogr dbew} }às aj|er}dk} asswg+

Yefwk}ggrs drg gp|go}gm }e dm`grg }e dk giigo}ayg jgdks ei bar}` oek}ref }e |rgygk} dk wk|fdkkgm

|rghkdkoq+ Qewr jgmaodf eiiaogr odk `gf| qew mgoamg ek }`g jes} d||re|rad}g jg}èm }e swa} qewr

akmayamwdf kggms+ Oek}rdog|}ayg jg}èms drg dydafdbfg xa}èw} o`drhg irej }`g jgmaodf eiiaogr+ Ke}g }`d}

}`g jgmaodf eiiaog megs ke} odrrq gygrq }q|g ei bar}` oek}ref |aff+


26/52

Xejgks @gdf}` Akierjd}aek

\d| sjgdrs xaff bg mekg d} jam*sgryaog dkm d} }`g ofesg ei sgryaog+ Jdjjehrdjs drg mekg ier xejgk eygr

dhg 7


27/52

_worg}s fe~gkhgs

_wkbfeoc \rg*_wk!

]g}rd`qmre~dfakg gqgmre|s E|}a*Ofgdr!

]`grjejg}gr ]gj|d*ME]!

]xgg~grs

Bgierg Qew Fgdyg> D Jgmaodf O`gocfas}

Ai }`grg `ds bggk dkq o`dkhg ak qewr `gdf}`|`qsaodf& jgk}df& er mgk}dfsakog qew swbja}}gm qewr

gpdjakd}aek rg|er}s }e }`g \gdog Oer|s& qew jws} ajjgmad}gfq ke}aiq }`g Eiiaog ei Jgmaodf _gryaogs+

Idafwrg }e masofesg kgx affkgssgs& aknwrags& dffgrhags& er |rghkdkoq odk gkmdkhgr qewr `gdf}` dkm jdq

nge|drma~g qewr gfahabafa}q }e sgryg+

Ai qewr mgk}df gpdj xds mekg jerg }`dk d qgdr dhe& er ai qewr |`qsaodf gpdj as jerg }`dk }xe qgdrs efm&

oek}do} }`g Eiiaog ei Jgmaodf _gryaogs ajjgmad}gfq }e iakm ew} x`g}`gr qew kggm }e w|md}g qewr rgoerms+ Ai

qewr mgk}as} er \gdog Oer|s mgk}df oekswf}dk} `ds rgoejjgkmgm }`d} qew wkmgrhe mgk}df }rgd}jgk} er

rg|dar& qew jws} oej|fg}g }`d} xerc dkm jdcg swrg qewr mgk}as} sgkms rgtwgs}gm oekiarjd}aek rg|er}s er P*rdqs }e }`g Eiiaog ei Jgmaodf _gryaogs+

Ai qew xas` }e dyeam `dyakh mw|faod}g ydooakd}aeks& oek}do} qewr |`qsaoadks eiiaog& eb}dak d oe|q ei qewr

ajjwka~d}aek rgoerm& dkm brakh a} xa}` qew }e \drdhwdq+ Ai qew `dyg dkq ajjwka~d}aeks |raer }e \gdog

Oer|s sgryaog& }`g \gdog Oer|s odkke} rgajbwrsg qew ier }`g oes}+ ]`g \gdog Oer|s xaff |reyamg dff }`g

ajjwka~d}aeks kgogssdrq ier qewr eygrsgds dssahkjgk} di}gr qew drrayg ak \drdhwdq+

Brakh d }`rgg*jek}` sw||fq ei dkq |rgsora|}aek er eygr*}`g*oewk}gr jgmaod}aek qew wsg ek d rghwfdr bdsas&

akofwmakh bar}` oek}ref |affs+ Df}èwh` }`g \gdog Oer|s odkke} rgajbwrsg qew ier }às }`rgg*jek}` sw||fq& a}

xaff ermgr rgiaffs mwrakh qewr sgryaog+ Xàfg dxda}akh sà|jgk}xào` odk }dcg sgygrdf jek}`sqew xaff

bg mg|gkmgk} ek qewr exk jgmaod}aek sw||fq+ ]`g \gdog Oer|s xaff ke} |dq ier `grbdf er kek*|rgsorabgm

jgmaod}aeks& swo` ds _}+ Ne`ks xer}& hfwoesdjakg& sgfgkawj& er dk}aepamdk} sw||fgjgk}s+

Qew drg gkoewrdhgm }e brakh oe|ags ei jgmaodf |rgsora|}aeks sahkgm bq qewr |`qsaoadk+ ]às as ke} d

rgtwargjgk}& bw} }`gq jah`} oejg ak `dkmq ai qew drg twgs}aekgm ak }rdksa} dbew} odrrqakh d }`rgg*jek}`

sw||fq ei |rgsora|}aek mrwhs+

Ai qew xgdr gqghfdssgs& brakh }xe |dars xa}` qewd |dar qew xaff wsg dkm d s|drg+ Ai }`g iars} |dar brgdcs& }`g

\gdog Oer|s xaff rg|fdog a}& wsakh }`g akierjd}aek qewr meo}er ak }`g Wka}gm _}d}gs |reyamgm ek }`g gqghfdssgs

ierj mwrakh qewr gpdjakd}aek+ ]`g \gdog Oer|s masoewrdhgs qew irej wsakh oek}do} fgksgs mwrakh qewr

sgryaog }e rgmwog qewr rasc ei mgygfe|akh d sgraews akigo}aek er e}`gr gqg masgdsg+ Jes} \gdog Oer|s oewk}rags

me ke} `dyg d||re|rad}g xd}gr dkm sdka}d}aek }e sw||er} gqg odrg xa}` }`g wsg ei oek}do} fgksgs+ ]`g \gdog

Oer|s xaff ke} sw||fq er rg|fdog oek}do} fgksgs er dsseoad}gm sefw}aeks wkfgss dk e|`}`dfjefehas} `ds

rgoejjgkmgm }`gar wsg ier d s|goaiao jgmaodf oekma}aek dkm }`g \gdog Oer|s Eiiaog ei Jgmaodf _gryaogs `ds

haygk d||reydf+

Ai qew drg gfahabfg ier Jgmaodrg& drg eygr 7< qgdrs ei dhg& er `dyg d `gdf}` oekma}aek }`d} jdq rgs}rao} qewr

iw}wrg |dr}aoa|d}aek ak `gdf}òdrg |fdks& qew jdq xas` }e oekswf} dk akswrdkog s|goadfas} dbew} wkatwg kggms

ier oeygrdhg bgierg qewr mg|dr}wrg+ ]`g \gdog Oer|s xaff |reyamg dff kgogssdrq `gdf}òdrg irej }`g }ajg

qew fgdyg ier qewr |rg*mg|dr}wrg eragk}d}aek wk}af qew oej|fg}g qewr sgryaog+ X`gk qew iakas`& qew xaff bg

gk}a}fgm }e }`g |es}*sgryaog `gdf}òdrg bgkgia}s mgsorabgm ak }`g \gdog Oer|s Yefwk}ggr @dkmbeec+ Qew jdq


28/52

xas` }e oeksamgr cgg|akh dk gpas}akh `gdf}` |fdk ak giigo} mwrakh qewr sgryaog ai qew }àkc dhg er |rggpas}akh

oekma}aeks jah`} |rgygk} qew irej rggkreffakh ak qewr owrrgk} |fdk x`gk qew rg}wrk èjg+

_dig}q dkm _gowra}qEwr \dr}kgrsà|

_gryakh ds d Yefwk}ggr eygrsgds gk}dafs ogr}dak sdig}q dkm sgowra}q rascs+ Fayakh dkm }rdygfakh ak dkwkidjafadr gkyarekjgk}& d faja}gm wkmgrs}dkmakh ei }`g feodf fdkhwdhg dkm owf}wrg& dkm }`g |grog|}aek ei

bgakh d xgdf}`q Djgraodk drg sejg ei }`g ido}ers }`d} odk |w} d Yefwk}ggr d} rasc+ \re|gr}q }`gi}s dkm

bwrhfdrags drg ke} wkoejjek+ Akoamgk}s ei |`qsaodf dkm sgpwdf dssdwf} me eoowr& df}èwh` dfjes} dff

Yefwk}ggrs oej|fg}g }`gar }xe qgdrs ei sgryaog xa}èw} sgraews |grsekdf sdig}q |rebfgjs+ Ak dmma}aek& jerg

}`dk 07 |grogk} ei Yefwk}ggrs swrygqgm ak }`g 2 Dssdwf}s wswdffq eoowrrgm x`gk }`g Yefwk}ggr xds wkdooej|dkagm+ Ak 02

|grogk} ei }`g sgpwdf dssdwf}s }`g Yefwk}ggr xds wkdooej|dkagm dkm ak 77 |grogk} ei |`qsaodf

dssdwf}s }`g Yefwk}ggr xds wkdooej|dkagm+

Rgfd}aeksà| }e dssdafdk}> Ak jes} dssdwf}s& }`g Yefwk}ggr mam ke} ckex }`g dssdafdk}+

Oekswj|}aek ei dfoe ef> Ier}q |grogk} ei dff dssdwf}s akyefygm dfoeèf oekswj|}aek bq Yefwk}ggrs

dkm%er dssdafdk}s+


29/52

_wjjdrq _}rd}ghags }e Rgmwog Rasc

Bgierg dkm mwrakh sgryaog& qewr }rdakakh xaff dmmrgss }`gsg drgds ei oekogrk se }`d} qew odk rgmwog }`g rascs

qew idog+ Ier gpdj|fg& `grg drg sejg s}rd}ghags Yefwk}ggrs gj|feq>

_}rd}ghags }e rgmwog }`g rasc%aj|do} ei }`gi}>

Ckex }`g gkyarekjgk} dkm oèesg sdig rew}gs%}ajgs ier }rdygf Dyeam àh`*orajg drgds |gr \gdog Oer|s hwamdkog

Ckex }`g yeodbwfdrq }e hg} `gf| ak dk gjgrhgkoq

Odrrq ydfwdbfgs ak maiigrgk} |eocg}s%|fdogs

Odrrq d mwjjq xdffg} ds d mgoeq

_}rd}ghags }e rgmwog }`g rasc%aj|do} ei bwrhfdrq>

Fayg xa}` d feodf idjafq er ek d idjafq oej|ewkm

\w} s}rekh feocs ek meers dkm cgg| ydfwdbfgs ak d feoc bep er }rwkc

Fgdyg arrg|fdogdbfg ebngo}s d} èjg ak }`g W+_+

Ieffex \gdog Oer|s hwamgfakgs ek jdak}dakakh ejg sgowra}q

_}rd}ghags }e rgmwog }`g rasc%aj|do} ei dssdwf}>

Jdcg feodf iragkms

Jdcg swrg qewr d||gdrdkog as rgs|go}iwf ei feodf ows}ejs3 mek} mrdx kghd}ayg d}}gk}aek }e qewrsgfi

bq xgdrakh akd||re|rad}g ofe}àkh

Hg} }e ckex feodf eiiaoadfs& |efaog& dkm kgah`bers

]rdygf xa}` sejgekg x`gkgygr |essabfg

Dyeam ckexk àh` orajg drgds

Faja} dfoeèf oekswj|}aek

_w||er} irej _}diiAk Jdro` 2


30/52

kggmgm+ Ak sejg odsgs& }`g kd}wrg ei }`g akoamgk} jdq kgogssa}d}g d sa}g er èwsakh }rdksigr+ \gdog Oer|s s}dii

xaff dfse dssas} Yefwk}ggrs xa}` |rgsgryakh }`gar rah`}s }e |wrswg fghdf sdko}aeks dhdaks} }`g |gr|g}rd}ers ei }`g

orajg+ A} as ygrq aj|er}dk} }`d} Yefwk}ggrs rg|er} akoamgk}s ds }`gq eoowr& ke} ekfq }e |re}go} }`gar |ggr

Yefwk}ggrs& bw} dfse }e |rgsgryg }`g iw}wrg rah`} }e |resgow}g+ _èwfm Yefwk}ggrs mgoamg fd}gr ak }`g |reogss

}`d} }`gq xdk} }e |reoggm xa}` }`g |resgow}aek ei }`gar dssdafdk}& }às e|}aek jdq ke fekhgr gpas} ai }`g

gyamgkog ei }`g gygk} `ds ke} bggk |rgsgrygm d} }`g }ajg ei }`g akoamgk}+

]`g oewk}rq*s|goaiao md}d o`dr} bgfex sèxs }`g akoamgkog rd}gs dkm }`g dygrdhg kwjbgr ei akoamgk}s ei }`g

jdner }q|gs ei sdig}q akoamgk}s rg|er}gm bq \gdog Oer|s Yefwk}ggrs%}rdakggs ak \drdhwdq ds oej|drgm }e dff

e}`gr Ak}gr*Djgraod dkm \doaiao AD\! rghaek |rehrdjs ds d xèfg& irej 2


31/52

4]`g dygrdhg kwjbgrs ei akoamgk}s drg ak |drgk}`gsas dkm gtwdf }`g dygrdhg rg|er}gm orajgs ier gdo`

qgdr bg}xggk 2


32/52

X`d} ai qew bgoejg d yao}aj ei d yaefgk} orajg5

Igx \gdog Oer|s Yefwk}ggrs drg yao}ajs ei yaefgk} orajgs+ ]`g \gdog Oer|s xaff hayg qew akierjd}aek dkm

}rdakakh ak èx }e bg sdig+ Bw}& nws} ds ak }`g W+_+& orajg `d||gks& dkm Yefwk}ggrs odk bgoejg yao}ajs+

X`gk }às `d||gks& }`g akygs}ahd}ayg }gdj ei }`g Eiiaog ei Aks|go}er Hgkgrdf EAH! as o`drhgm xa}` `gf|akh

|wrswg |resgow}aek ei }èsg xè |gr|g}rd}g d yaefgk} orajg dhdaks} d Yefwk}ggr+ Ai qew bgoejg d yao}aj ei d

yaefgk} orajg& }`g mgoasaek }e |resgow}g er ke} }e |resgow}g as gk}argfq qewrs& dkm ekg ei }`g }dscs ei }`g EAH

as }e jdcg swrg }`d} qew drg iwffq akierjgm ei qewr e|}aeks dkm `gf| qew }`rewh` }`g |reogss dkm

|reogmwrgs akyefygm ak heakh ierxdrm xa}` |resgow}aek sèwfm qew xas` }e me se+ Ai qew mgoamg }e

|resgow}g& xg drg `grg }e dssas} qew ak gygrq xdq xg odk+

Orajgs }`d} eoowr eygrsgds& ei oewrsg& drg akygs}ahd}gm dkm |resgow}gm bq feodf dw}èra}ags ak feodf oewr}s+

Ewr refg as }e oeermakd}g }`g akygs}ahd}aek dkm gyamgkog oeffgo}aek xa}` }`g rghaekdf sgowra}q eiiaogrs

R_Es! d} }`g W+_+ gjbdssq& feodf |efaog& dkm feodf |resgow}ers dkm e}`grs }e gkswrg }`d} qewr rah`}s drg

|re}go}gm }e }`g iwffgs} gp}gk} |essabfg wkmgr }`g fdxs ei }`g oewk}rq+ EAH akygs}ahd}ayg s}dii `ds gp}gksayg

gp|gragkog ak orajakdf akygs}ahd}aek& ak xercakh sgksa}aygfq xa}` yao}ajs& dkm ds dmyeod}gs ier yao}ajs+ Xg

dfse& jdq& ak ogr}dak faja}gm oarowjs}dkogs& drrdkhg ier }`g rg}gk}aek ei d feodf fdxqgr }e dssas} }`g feodf

|wbfao |resgow}er ak jdcakh }`g odsg dhdaks} }`g akmayamwdf xè |gr|g}rd}gm }`g yaefgk} orajg+

Ai qew me bgoejg d yao}aj ei d yaefgk} orajg& iars}& jdcg swrg qew drg ak d sdig |fdog dkm xa}` |ge|fg qew

}rws} dkm sgoekm& oek}do} }`g oewk}rq margo}er er }`g \gdog Oer|s jgmaodf eiiaogr+ Ajjgmad}g rg|er}akh as

aj|er}dk} }e }`g |rgsgryd}aek ei gyamgkog dkm }`g o`dkogs ei d||rg`gkmakh }`g sws|go}+ Oewk}rq margo}ers

dkm jgmaodf eiiaogrs drg rgtwargm }e rg|er} dff yaefgk} orajgs }e }`g Aks|go}er Hgkgrdf dkm }`g R_E+ ]às

akierjd}aek as |re}go}gm irej wkdw}èra~gm iwr}`gr masofeswrg bq }`g \raydoq Do}+ Rg|er}akh }`g orajg dfse

`gf|s |rgygk} qewr iwr}`gr yao}aja~d}aek dkm |re}go}s qewr igffex Yefwk}ggrs+

Ak oeknwko}aek xa}` }`g R_E& }`g EAH megs d |rgfajakdrq akygs}ahd}aek ei dff yaefgk} orajgs dhdaks}

Yefwk}ggrs rghdrmfgss ei x`g}`gr }`g orajg `ds bggk rg|er}gm }e feodf dw}èra}ags er ei }`g mgoasaek qew jdqwf}ajd}gfq jdcg }e |resgow}g+ Ai qew drg d yao}aj ei d orajg& ewr s}dii xaff xerc xa}` qew }`rewh` iakdf

mas|esa}aek ei }`g odsg+ EAH s}dii as dydafdbfg 2= èwrs*d*mdq& 8 mdqs*d*xggc+ Xg jdq bg oek}do}gm }`rewh`

ewr 2=*èwr yaefgk} orajg è}fakg yad }gfg|èkg d} 2


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dkm |grsekdf |re|gr}q drg sgowrg+ \gdog Oer|s%\drdhwdq `ds àrgm d sdig}q dkm sgowra}q oeermakd}er }e dssas}

Yefwk}ggrs dkm s}dii xa}` sgowra}q oekogrks+

_}dqakh _dig> Mek} Bg d ]drhg} ier Orajg

Qew jws} bg |rg|drgm }e }dcg ek d fdrhg mghrgg ei rgs|eksabafa}q ier qewr exk sdig}q+ Ekfq qew odk jdcgqewrsgfi fgss ei d }drhg}& gkswrg }`d} qewr èjg as sgowrg& dkm mgygfe| rgfd}aeks ak qewr oejjwka}q }`d} xaff

jdcg qew dk wkfacgfq yao}aj ei orajg+ Ak oejakh }e \drdhwdq& me x`d} qew xewfm me ai qew jeygm }e d

kgx oa}q ak }`g Wka}gm _}d}gs> Bg odw}aews& o`goc }àkhs ew}& dsc twgs}aeks& fgdrk dbew} qewr kgah`berèem&

ckex x`grg }`g jerg rascq feod}aeks drg& wsg oejjek sgksg& dkm bg dxdrg+ Qew odk rgmwog qewr

ywfkgrdbafa}q }e orajg bq ak}ghrd}akh ak}e qewr oejjwka}q& fgdrkakh }`g feodf fdkhwdhg& do}akh rgs|eksabfq&

dkm dbamakh bq \gdog Oer|s |efaoags dkm |reogmwrgs+ _gryakh sdigfq dkm giigo}aygfq ak \drdhwdq jdq

rgtwarg }`d} qew doog|} sejg rgs}rao}aeks ek qewr owrrgk} faigs}qfg+

Yefwk}ggrs d}}rdo} d fe} ei d}}gk}aek ak fdrhg oa}ags dkm d} }`gar sa}gs& bw} }`gq drg facgfq }e rgogayg jerg

kghd}ayg d}}gk}aek ak àh`fq |e|wfd}gm ogk}grs }`dk d} }`gar sa}gs& x`grg }`gar idjafq& iragkms& dkm

oeffgdhwgs feec ew} ier }`gj+ Xàfg xàs}fgs dkm gpofdjd}aeks drg idarfq oejjek ek }`g s}rgg}& }àsbg`dyaer odk bg rgmwogm ai qew mrgss oeksgryd}aygfq& dyeam gqg oek}do}& dkm me ke} rgs|ekm }e wkxdk}gm

d}}gk}aek+ Ak dmma}aek& cgg| qewr jekgq ew} ei sah`} bq wsakh dk wkmgrhdrjgk} jekgq |ewo`& }`g cakm }`d}

`dkhs drewkm qewr kgoc dkm s}dqs àmmgk wkmgr qewr sàr} er aksamg qewr oed}+ Me ke} cgg| qewr jekgq ak

ew}samg |eocg}s ei bdoc|docs& ak oed} |eocg}s& er ak idkkq |docs+ Dkm dfxdqs xdfc xa}` d oej|dkaek d}

kah`}+

\rg|drakh ier }`g Wkgp|go}gm> _dig}q ]rdakakh

dkm Yefwk}ggr _w||er} ak \drdhwdq

]`g \gdog Oer|s d||redo` }e sdig}q as d iayg*|rekhgm |fdk }e `gf| qew s}dq sdig mwrakh qewr }xe*qgdr

sgryaog dkm akofwmgs }`g ieffexakh> akierjd}aek s`drakh& Yefwk}ggr }rdakakh& sa}g sgfgo}aek ora}grad& d mg}dafgmgjgrhgkoq do}aek |fdk& dkm |re}eoefs ier dmmrgssakh sdig}q dkm sgowra}q akoamgk}s+ \drdhwdqs ak*oewk}rq

sdig}q |rehrdj as ew}fakgm bgfex+

]`g \gdog Oer|s%\drdhwdq eiiaog xaff cgg| qew akierjgm ei dkq asswgs }`d} jdq aj|do} qewr sdig}q }`rewh`

akierjd}aek s`drakh+ Rghwfdr w|md}gs xaff bg |reyamgm ak Yefwk}ggr kgxsfg}}grs dkm ak jgjerdkmwjs

irej }`g oewk}rq margo}er+ Ak }`g gygk} ei d ora}aodf sa}wd}aek er gjgrhgkoq& qew xaff bg oek}do}gm }`rewh`

}`g gjgrhgkoq oejjwkaod}aek kg}xerc& xào` as }gs}gm |graemaodffq se }`d} dkq |rebfgjs odk bg rgsefygm+

Yefwk}ggr }rdakakh xaff akofwmg sgssaeks }e |rg|drg qew ier s|goaiao sdig}q dkm sgowra}q asswgs ak \drdhwdq+

]às }rdakakh xaff |rg|drg qew }e dme|} d owf}wrdffq d||re|rad}g faigs}qfg dkm gpgroasg nwmhjgk} }`d}

|reje}gs sdig}q dkm rgmwogs rasc ak qewr èjg& d} xerc& dkm xàfg }rdygfakh+ _dig}q }rdakakh as eiigrgm

}`rewhèw} qewr }xe*qgdr sgryaog dkm as ak}ghrd}gm ak}e fdkhwdhg& oress*owf}wrdf& `gdf}`& dkm e}`gr

oej|ekgk}s ei }rdakakh& akofwmakh Yefwk}ggr*fgm aka}ad}aygs swo` ds }`g \ggr _w||er} Kg}xerc+

Ogr}dak sa}g sgfgo}aek ora}grad drg wsgm }e mg}grjakg sdig èwsakh ier Yefwk}ggrs bgierg }`gar drraydf+ ]`g

\gdog Oer|s s}dii xercs ofesgfq xa}` ès} oejjwka}ags dkm oewk}gr|dr} dhgkoags }e `gf| |rg|drg }`gj ier d

Yefwk}ggrs drraydf dkm }e ofdraiq gp|go}d}aeks ei }`gar refgs ak sw||er}akh }`g Yefwk}ggr+ Gdo` sa}g as

aks|go}gm bgierg }`g Yefwk}ggrs drraydf }e gkswrg |fdogjgk} ak d||re|rad}g& sdig& dkm sgowrg èwsakh dkm

xercsa}gs+ _a}g sgfgo}aek as bdsgm ek d ydrag}q ei ido}ers& akofwmakh rgfgydk} sa}g às}erq3 doogss }e jgmaodf&


34/52

bdkcakh& dkm e}`gr gssgk}adf sgryaogs3 dydafdbafa}q ei oejjwkaod}aeks& }rdks|er}d}aek& dkm jdrcg}s3 ewsakh

e|}aeks dkm fayakh drrdkhgjgk}s3 dkm e}`gr Yefwk}ggr sw||er} kggms+

Qew xaff dfse fgdrk dbew} \gdog Oer|s%\drdhwdqs mg}dafgmgjgrhgkoq do}aek |fdk& x`ao` as aj|fgjgk}gm

ak }`g gygk} ei oayaf er |efa}aodf wkrgs} er d kd}wrdf masds}gr+ X`gk qew drrayg d} qewr sa}g& qew xaff oej|fg}g

dkm swbja} d sa}g feod}er ierj xa}` qewr dmmrgss& oek}do} akierjd}aek& dkm d jd| }e qewr `ewsg+ Ai }`grg as d

sgowra}q }`rgd}& qew xaff hd}`gr xa}` e}`gr Yefwk}ggrs ak \drdhwdq d} |rgmg}grjakgm feod}aeks wk}af }`g

sa}wd}aek as rgsefygm er }`g \gdog Oer|s mgoamgs }e gydowd}g+

Iakdffq& ak ermgr ier }`g \gdog Oer|s }e bg iwffq rgs|eksayg }e }`g kggms ei Yefwk}ggrs& a} as aj|grd}ayg }`d}

Yefwk}ggrs ajjgmad}gfq rg|er} dkq sgowra}q akoamgk} }e }`g \gdog Oer|s jgmaodf eiiaogr er sdig}q dkm

sgowra}q oeermakd}er+ Yefwk}ggrs drg dfse gkoewrdhgm }e s|gdc xa}` }`gar |rengo} margo}er er }`g oewk}rq

margo}er dbew} sgowra}q oekogrks er |essabfg }`rgd}s }e sgowra}q+ ]`g \gdog Oer|s `ds gs}dbfas`gm |re}eoefs

ier dmmrgssakh sdig}q dkm sgowra}q akoamgk}s ak d }ajgfq dkm d||re|rad}g jdkkgr& dkm a} oeffgo}s dkm

gydfwd}gs sdig}q dkm sgowra}q md}d }e }rdoc }rgkms dkm mgygfe| s}rd}ghags }e jakaja~g rascs }e iw}wrg

Yefwk}ggrs+


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MAYGR_A]Q DKM ORE__*OWF]WRDF A__WG_

Ak iwfiaffakh a}s jdkmd}g }e s`drg }`g idog ei Djgraod xa}` ès} oewk}rags& }`g \gdog Oer|s as jdcakh d

s|goadf giier} }e sgg }`d} dff ei Djgraods rao`kgss as rgifgo}gm ak }`g Yefwk}ggr oer|s+ Jerg Djgraodks ei

maygrsg bdochrewkms drg sgryakh ak }emdqs \gdog Oer|s }`dk d} dkq }ajg ak rgogk} qgdrs+ Maiigrgkogs ak

rdog& g}`kao bdochrewkm& dhg& rgfahaek& dkm sgpwdf eragk}d}aek drg gp|go}gm dkm xgfoejgm djekh ewr

Yefwk}ggrs+ \dr} ei }`g \gdog Oer|s jassaek as }e `gf| mas|gf dkq ke}aek }`d} Djgraodks drg dff ei ekg

erahak er rdog dkm }e gs}dbfas` }`d} gdo` ei ws as ds }èrewh`fq Djgraodk ds }`g e}`gr mgs|a}g ewr jdkq

maiigrgkogs+

Ewr maygrsa}q `gf|s ws dooej|fas` }`d} hedf+ Ak e}`gr xdqs& èxgygr& a} |esgs o`dffgkhgs+ Ak \drdhwdq& ds ak

e}`gr \gdog Oer|s ès} oewk}rags& Yefwk}ggrs bg`dyaer& faigs}qfgs& bdochrewkm& dkm bgfagis drg nwmhgm ak d

owf}wrdf oek}gp} ygrq maiigrgk} irej }`gar exk+ Ogr}dak |grsekdf |grs|go}aygs oejjekfq doog|}gm ak }`gWka}gm _}d}gs jdq bg twa}g wkoejjek& wkdoog|}dbfg& er gygk rg|rgssgm ak \drdhwdq+

Ew}samg ei \drdhwdqs od|a}df& rgsamgk}s ei rwrdf oejjwka}ags `dyg `dm rgfd}aygfq fa}}fg gp|eswrg }e e}`gr

owf}wrgs& rdogs& rgfahaeks& dkm faigs}qfgs+ X`d} |ge|fg yagx ds }q|aodf ker}gdjgraodke bg`dyaer er kerjs

jdq bg d jasoekog|}aek& swo` ds }`g bgfagi }`d} dff Djgraodks drg rao` dkm `dyg bfekm `dar dkm bfwg gqgs+

]`g |ge|fg ei \drdhwdq drg nws}fq ckexk ier }`gar hgkgrews ès|a}dfa}q }e iergahkgrs3 èxgygr& jgjbgrs ei

}`g oejjwka}q ak xào` qew xaff fayg jdq mas|fdq d rdkhg ei rgdo}aeks }e owf}wrdf maiigrgkogs }`d} qew

|rgsgk}+

]e gdsg }`g }rdksa}aek dkm dmd|} }e faig ak \drdhwdq& qew jdq kggm }e jdcg sejg }gj|erdrq& qg}

iwkmdjgk}df oej|rejasgs ak èx qew |rgsgk} qewrsgfi ds dk Djgraodk dkm ds dk akmayamwdf+ Ier gpdj|fg&

igjdfg }rdakggs dkm Yefwk}ggrs jdq ke} bg dbfg }e gpgroasg }`g akmg|gkmgkog dydafdbfg }e }`gj ak }`g

Wka}gm _}d}gs3 |efa}aodf masowssaeks kggm }e bg `dkmfgm xa}` hrgd} odrg er dyeamgm df}ehg}`gr3 dkm sejg ei

qewr |grsekdf bgfagis jdq bgs} rgjdak wkmasofesgm+ Qew xaff kggm }e mgygfe| }go`katwgs dkm |grsekdf

s}rd}ghags ier oe|akh xa}` }`gsg dkm e}`gr faja}d}aeks+ Qew xaff |dr}aoa|d}g ak masowssaeks ek maygrsa}q dkm

sgksa}aya}q mwrakh |rg*sgryaog }rdakakh dkm \gdog Oer|s s}dii xaff bg ek odff }e |reyamg sw||er}& bw} }`g

o`dffgkhg xaff wf}ajd}gfq bg qewrs+

Eygryagx ei Maygrsa}q ak \drdhwdq

Ak }`g |ds} 4


36/52

}`g swbngo} ei oeksamgrdbfg hessa|+ Ak dmma}aek& ds ak jes} Fd}ak Djgraodk oewk}rags& Ker}` Djgraodk

xejgk me ke} `dyg sejg ei }`g irggmejs }e xào` }`gq drg doows}ejgm+

]`g \gdog Oer|s s}dii ak \drdhwdq rgoehka~gs }`g dmnws}jgk} asswgs }`d} oejg xa}` maygrsa}q dkm xaff

gkmgdyer }e |reyamg sw||er} dkm hwamdkog+ Mwrakh |rg*sgryaog }rdakakh dkm ak*sgryaog }rdakakh& sgygrdf

sgssaeks xaff bg `gfm }e masowss maygrsa}q dkm oe|akh jgo`dkasjs+ Qew xaff fgdrk }e mgdf xa}` asswgs swo` ds

mg|rgssaek dkm s}rgss& ds xgff ds èx }e `gf| e}`gr Yefwk}ggrs x`gk }`gq gp|gragkog maiiaowf}ags+ Xg feec

ierxdrm }e `dyakh jdfg dkm igjdfg Yefwk}ggrs irej d ydrag}q ei rdogs& g}`kao hrew|s& dhgs& rgfahaeks& dkm

sgpwdf eragk}d}aeks dkm è|g }`d} qew xaff bgoejg |dr} ei d maygrsg hrew| ei Djgraodks xè }dcg |ramg ak

sw||er}akh ekg dke}`gr dkm mgjeks}rd}akh }`g rao`kgss ei W+_+ owf}wrg+

X`d} Jah`} d Yefwk}ggr Idog5

\essabfg Asswgs ier Igjdfg Yefwk}ggrs

Jdoàsje jdkaigs}s a}sgfi ak ebyaews dkm swb}fg xdqs& dkm be}` \drdhwdqdk jgk dkm xejgk hgkgrdffq

dm`grg }e jdfg mejakdkog d} xerc& ak }`g èjg& dkm ak oejjwka}q jd}}grs+ Igjdfg Yefwk}ggrs jdq bg

}drhg}s ier `drdssjgk}& |dr}aowfdrfq ai }`gq masrghdrm kerjs ier bg`dyaer dkm mrgss+ Jdfg Yefwk}ggrs& ek }`ge}`gr `dkm& jdq bg yagxgm ds sgpwdf oej|g}a}ers dkm bg |rgsswrgm }e masowss }`gar oektwgs}s+

Igjdfg Yefwk}ggrs ak \drdhwdq idog }`g cakms ei wkxgfoejg d}}gk}aek irej jgk }`d} \drdhwdqdk xejgk

gp|gragkog+ _ejg ei }às d}}gk}aek odk bg dyeamgm bq mrgssakh dkm bg`dyakh ak owf}wrdffq d||re|rad}g& jerg

oeksgryd}ayg jdkkgrs+

\essabfg Asswgs ier Yefwk}ggrs ei Oefer

Bgodwsg ei \drdhwdqs hgkgrdf fdoc ei gp|gragkog xa}` maygrsg g}`kao hrew|s& sejg Yefwk}ggrs ei oefer

`dyg gkoewk}grgm ygrbdf `drdssjgk}& gs|goadffq ak Dswkoak er x`gk }rdygfakh dxdq irej }`gar sa}gs+

Diraodk Djgraodks drg jes} ei}gk jas}dcgk ier Brd~afadks& dkm mwg }e }`g oejjekfq `gfm \drdhwdqdk

s}grge}q|g ei }`g Dire*Brd~afadk sefmagr xè iewh`} dhdaks} \drdhwdq ak }`g Xdr ei }`g ]ra|fg Dffadkog&

Yefwk}ggrs sèwfm bg |rg|drgm }e `gdr dkm rgogayg kghd}ayg rgjdrcs dbew} scak oefer er `dar+

Dsadk*Djgraodk Yefwk}ggrs drg ei}gk jas}dcgk ier Cergdks er Nd|dkgsg dkm jdq bg twgs}aekgm dbew}

x`g}`gr }`gq drg rgdf Djgraodks+ Xàfg @as|dkao Yefwk}ggrs jdq gkneq sejg dmydk}dhgs bgodwsg ei

}`gar g}`kao bdochrewkm& }`gq jdq dfse idog arra}d}akh twgs}aeks dbew} }`gar }rwg kd}aekdfa}q er }`gar

akdbafa}q }e s|gdc }`g feodf fdkhwdhgs _|dkas` dkm Hwdrdk+

Ds d Yefwk}ggr ei oefer ak \drdhwdq& qew sèwfm bg |rg|drgm }e `dkmfg eiigksayg rgjdrcs er d}}a}wmgs&

xào` s}gj |rajdrafq irej ahkerdkog& dkm d fdoc ei margo} oek}do} xa}` |ge|fg ei oefer+ Ekog qew bgoejg

gs}dbfas`gm ak qewr oejjwka}q& swo` `drdssjgk} xaff bg fgss oejjek& }èwh` qew xaff |rebdbfq oek}akwg

}e gkoewk}gr a} ew}samg qewr sa}g+ Ak jdkq odsgs& }`gsg akoamgk}s |reyamg e||er}wka}ags }e gmwod}g |ge|fg

dbew} Djgraods maygrsa}q+ ]`grg drg Yefwk}ggr sw||er} hrew|s }e dmmrgss maygrsa}q asswgs ak \gdog Oer|s\drdhwdq+


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Yefwk}ggr Oejjgk}>

Ds d Oefejbadk*Djgraodk Yefwk}ggr A `dyg dfxdqs yagxgm jqsgfi ds `dyakh sejg wkatwg dmydk}dhgs&

dfekh xa}` sejg akoekygkagkogs+ @dyakh }`g sdjg|ak}d er o`drdo}gras}aos ds d \drdhwdqdk brexk `dar&

brexk gqgs! ogr}dakfq dffexs jg }e bfgkm ak xa}` }`g jdssgs dkm àmg jqqdktwa qdkcgg! d}}rabw}gs+ A}s

cakm ei facg `dyakh dk ek*dkm*eii sxa}o` rgdmq d} jq iakhgr}a|s+ X`gk A xdk} }e iakm sejg sefa}wmg Asaj|fq s}e| |fdqakh }`g refg dsqdktwa dkm |fdq }`g \drdhwdqdk> A nws} do} kd}wrdffq dkm s|gdc ekfq

ods}gffdke _|dkas`!a}s ke} }`d} `drm ier jg+ A odk gd} xa}èw} bgakh s}drgm d} dkm xdfc ak}e dkq }exk

xa}èw} dkqekg }dcakh d sgoekm hfdkog+ Kex }`d} odk bg maiiaowf} x`gk qew drg d bfwg*gqgm& bfekmg jdfg

er igjdfg& s|gdcakh ods}gffdke xa}` dk Djgraodk doogk}+

@exgygr& A `dyg oekirek}gm sejg wkiergsggk `wrmfgs ak jq }ajg `grg ak \drdhwdq+ Ier aks}dkog&

s|gdcakh ods}gffdke xa}` ke doogk} dkm `dyakh \drdhwdqdk d}}rabw}gs dw}ejd}aodffq gfajakd}gs }`g ido}

}`d} A oewfm bg d Oefejbadk*Djgraodk+ Jdkq |ge|fg odk} sgg |ds} }`g |`qsaodf d}}rabw}gs+ _ejg

\drdhwdqdks xaff dsc }`gjsgfygs& @ex odk `g `dyg erahaks irej Oefejbad dkm bg irej }`g Wka}gm

_}d}gs5 ]`g amgd ei fayakh ak d jgf}akh |e} ak }`g W_D as s}aff sejg}àkh }`d} jdkq \drdhwqdkds drg

fgdrkakh dbew}+ X`gk }`gq sgg jg a} as maiiaowf} ier jdkq ei }`gj }e wkmgrs}dkm jq bdochrewkm dkm

|grogayg jg ds dk Djgraodk oa}a~gk xa}` d |reigssaekdf bdochrewkm+ Ds d rgswf}& x`gk A dj xercakhdfekhsamg \drdhwdqdks& A mek} `dyg }`d} ajjgmad}g orgmabafa}q }`d} jdkq Yefwk}ggrs gp|gragkog w|ek

aka}adf oek}do} ak }`gar oejjwka}ags+ ]`rewhèw} jq gp|gragkog }èwh`& A `dyg wsgm }às jaker

akoekygkagkog }e }gdo` e}`grs dbew} }`g maygrsa}q }`d} gpas}s ak }`g W+_+& dkm ds dk dmydk}dhg ak ydraews

xerc sa}wd}aeks+ Gdo` ekg ei ws oejgs mexk `grg xa}` d s|goadf sg} ei o`drdo}gras}aos dkm xaff `dyg }e

nwhhfg }`gj ak ewr exk xdq+ Bw} A bgfagyg }`d} as |dr} ei }`g gp|gragkog dkm as x`d} jefms ws ds |ge|fg

dkm ds Yefwk}ggrs ak ewr oejjwka}ags+ Jq dmyaog }e qew as }e gjbrdog qewr wkatwgkgss dkm wsg a} }e qewr

dmydk}dhg ak jdcakh qewr }xe qgdrs }`d} jwo` jerg ak}grgs}akh$ Heem fwoc$

\essabfg Asswgs ier _gkaer Yefwk}ggrs

Df}èwh` sgkaer Yefwk}ggrs jdq gkoewk}gr `drmsà|s rgfd}gm }e }`g rwhhgm fayakh oekma}aeks dkm }`g

maiiaowf}ags ei fgdrkakh }xe fdkhwdhgs& jdkq `dyg sgrygm ygrq swoogssiwffq ak \drdhwdq+ _gkaers jdq iakm|ggr sw||er} xa}àk }`g Yefwk}ggr oejjwka}q }e bg akdmgtwd}g& ds }`g jdnera}q ei Yefwk}ggrs drg wkmgr dhg

27+ _gkaers `dyg sejg}ajgs ierjgm akierjdf sw||er} hrew|s }e mgdf xa}` }`g s|goaiao asswgs sgkaers s`drg+

Yefwk}ggr Oejjgk}>

Ds d sgkaer Yefwk}ggr ak \drdhwdq A oewfm ke} iggf jerg doog|}gm dkm rgs|go}gm bq be}` oewk}rq

kd}aekdfs& gs|goadffq dmefgsogk}s& dkm jq igffex Yefwk}ggrs+ ]`grg drg ke xerms }e mgsorabg }`g iggfakh

}`d} A `dyg x`gk |ge|fg ak |dssakh hrgg} jg xdrjfq ds sgerd er x`gk A dj akya}gm }e dk dsdme

bdrbgtwg! er d bar}`mdq |dr}q+ A iakm }`d} |ge|fg ak jq sa}g drg dfxdqs ak}grgs}gm ak `gdrakh jq }èwh`}s

dbew} d }e|ao dkm ak |rebfgj sefyakh }ehg}`gr+ Jq igffex Yefwk}ggrs& }`g jdnera}q ei xèj drg qewkhgr

}`dk jq exk oàfmrgk& `dyg oeksas}gk}fq akofwmgm jg ak }`gar seoadf dkm xerc*rgfd}gm do}aya}ags dkm Akgygr fdoc }`g oej|dkq ei sejgekg iwk }e makg er mdkog xa}` x`gk }`g Yefwk}ggrs oejg }ehg}`gr ds d

hrew|+

\essabfg Asswgs ier Hdq& Fgsbadk& er Basgpwdf Yefwk}ggrs

Hdq dkm fgsbadk Yefwk}ggrs sèwfm bg dxdrg }`d} èjesgpwdfa}q as oeksamgrgm }dbee bq jes} \drdhwdqdks

dkm }`d} }`gq }`grgierg jws} gpgroasg masorg}aek rghdrmakh }`gar sgpwdf eragk}d}aek+ Df}èwh` Dswkoak `ds d

oesje|efa}dk d}jes|`grg& }e mgygfe| |remwo}ayg seoadf dkm |reigssaekdf rgfd}aeksà|s dkm ier rgdseks ei


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|grsekdf sgowra}q dkm xgff*bgakh& jes} Yefwk}ggrs iakm }`d} }`gq jws} rgoekoafg }`gar faigs}qfg }e }`g

mgjdkms ei gp}rgjgfq oeksgryd}ayg oejjwka}ags+ Hdq dkm fgsbadk Yefwk}ggrs `dyg d sw||er} dkm rgsewrog

kg}xerc }`d} odk bg ei dssas}dkog+

Yefwk}ggr Oejjgk}>

Di}gr fayakh ak dk e|gk dkm doog|}akh oejjwka}q ak }`g _}d}gs& a} xds `drm d} iars} }e fayg jq faig bdoc ak

}`g ofesg}+ Ds d xejdk dkm d hdq Yefwk}ggr& A gs|goadffq iggf }`g |rgsswrg jq oejjwka}q |w}s ek jg }e

`dyg d beqiragkm dkm hg} jdrragm+ D sgksg ei `wjer as gssgk}adf ak rgs|ekmakh }e }`g oejjgk}s A `gdr+

Ier}wkd}gfq& A `dyg bggk dbfg }e iakm sw||er} djekh jq igffex Yefwk}ggrs& dkm `dyg gkoewk}grgm

\drdhwdqdks ew}samg jq oejjwka}q A odk bg e|gk xa}`+ Dkm A cgg| ak }ewo` xa}` }`g hdq oejjwka}q d}

èjg }`rewh` g*jdafs& |èkg odffs& dkm jdhd~akgs jq iragkms sgkm jg+

\essabfg Rgfahaews Asswgs ier Yefwk}ggrs

\drdhwdq as eygrx`gfjakhfq Rejdk Od}èfao& dkm \drdhwdqdks `dyg fa}}fg gp|gragkog xa}` e}`gr rgfahaeks er

xa}` |ge|fg xè `dyg ke rgfahaews diiafad}aek+ Xàfg \drdhwdqdks }gkm }e bg }efgrdk} ei kek*Od}èfaos& }`gq

jdq bg owraews dbew} qewr bgfagis& xào` oewfm fgdm }e sggjakhfq rwmg bg`dyaer+ Ek }`g xèfg& èxgygr& }`gqrgoehka~g d maiigrgkog bg}xggk bgfagi dkm |rdo}aog& dkm sejg kek*Od}èfao Yefwk}ggrs saj|fq s}d}g }`d}

}`gq drg ke} |rdo}aoakh+ ]èsg xè iggf wkoejier}dbfg scar}akh }`g asswg ak }às xdq wswdffq iakm }`d} ai }`gq

s}d}g }`gar bgfagis ak d kek*o`dffgkhakh xdq& }`gq xaff bg doog|}gm bq }`gar oejjwka}q+ Bg dxdrg }`d} ygrq igx

Yefwk}ggr sa}gs xaff `dyg d |fdog ei xersà| e}`gr }`dk d Od}èfao o`wro` er o`d|gf+

Ngxas` Yefwk}ggrs `dyg bggk swr|rasgm }e masoeygr d ogr}dak mghrgg ei dk}a*_gja}asj ak \drdhwdq ds d rgswf} ei

Hgkgrdf Dfirgme _}regsskgrs e|gk*bermgr |efaoq }exdrm Kd~as dkm Xerfm Xdr AA xdr orajakdfs+ A} as ke}

wkwswdf }e sgg sxds}acds dkm e}`gr dk}a*_gja}ao hrdiia}a& dkm Ngxas` Yefwk}ggrs sèwfm wsg odw}aek x`gk

yasa}akh Hgrjdk oejjwka}ags+ A} as dfse dmyasdbfg }e hg} }e ckex }`g jgjbgrs ei qewr oejjwka}q bgierg

oejakh ew} ds Ngxas`+ Ces`gr ieem |remwo}s dkm rgfahaews |drd|`grkdfad drg ke} dydafdbfg ak \drdhwdq& bw}

}`grg as dk do}ayg O`dbdm @ewsg dkm d Rgierj sqkdhehwg ak Dswkoak+

\essabfg Asswgs ier Yefwk}ggrs xa}` Masdbafa}ags

Ds |dr} ei }`g jgmaodf ofgdrdkog |reogss& }`g \gdog Oer|s Eiiaog ei Jgmaodf _gryaogs mg}grjakgm }`d} qew

xgrg |`qsaodffq dkm gje}aekdffq od|dbfg& xa}` er xa}èw} rgdsekdbfg dooejjemd}aeks& ei |grierjakh d iwff

}ewr ei Yefwk}ggr sgryaog ak \drdhwdq xa}èw} wkrgdsekdbfg rasc ei `drj+ \gdog Oer|s%\drdhwdq s}dii xaff

xerc xa}` masdbfgm Yefwk}ggrs }e jdcg rgdsekdbfg dooejjemd}aeks ak }rdakakh& èwsakh& xercsa}gs& dkm

e}`gr drgds }e gkdbfg }`gj }e sgryg sdigfq dkm giigo}aygfq+

]`d} bgakh sdam& Yefwk}ggrs xa}` masdbafa}ags jdq idog |dr}aowfdr o`dffgkhgs ds d rgswf} ei }`g fdoc ei

akirds}rwo}wrg ak \drdhwdq }e dssas} }`gj+ ]`gq jdq dfse iakm }`d}& ds ak jdkq |dr}s ei }`g xerfm& sejg

|ge|fg èfm |rgnwmaoadf d}}a}wmgs }exdrm |ge|fg xa}` masdbafa}ags dkm jdq masorajakd}g dhdaks} }`gj+ Ak s|a}g

ei }`gsg maiiaowf}ags& |`qsaodffq o`dffgkhgm Yefwk}ggrs `dyg sgrygm swoogssiwffq ak \drdhwdq+


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IRGTWGK]FQ D_CGM TWG_]AEK_

@ex jwo` fwhhdhg dj A dffexgm }e brakh }e \drdhwdq5

Jes} darfakgs `dyg bdhhdhg sa~g dkm xgah`} faja}s dkm dssgss o`drhgs ier }rdks|er} ei bdhhdhg }`d} gpoggms

}èsg faja}s+ ]`g \gdog Oer|s `ds a}s exk sa~g dkm xgah`} faja}s dkm xaff ke} |dq }`g oes} ei }rdks|er} ier

bdhhdhg }`d} gpoggms }`gsg faja}s+ ]`g \gdog Oer|s dffexdkog as }xe o`gocgm |agogs ei fwhhdhg xa}`

oejbakgm majgksaeks ei be}` |agogs ke} }e gpoggm 4%%xxx+}sd+hey%}rdygfgrs%dar}rdygf%|reàba}gm%|grja}}gm*|reàba}gm*

a}gjs+s`}j+

X`d} as }`g gfgo}rao owrrgk} ak \drdhwdq5

]`g owrrgk} as 22< yef}sdkq gfgo}raodf d||fadkog ei 44< yef}s }`d} qew brakh xaff rgtwarg d }rdksierjgr+

@ex jwo` jekgq sèwfm A brakh5

Yefwk}ggrs drg gp|go}gm }e fayg d} }`g sdjg fgygf ds }`g |ge|fg ak }`gar oejjwka}q+ ]`gq drg haygk d

sg}}fakh*ak dffexdkog dkm d jek}`fq fayakh dffexdkog& xào` sèwfm oeygr }`gar gp|gksgs+ Ei}gk Yefwk}ggrs

brakh dmma}aekdf jekgq ier ydod}aek }rdygf }e e}`gr oewk}rags+ Orgma} odrms dkm }rdygfgrs o`gocs drg

|rgigrdbfg }e ods` bgodwsg }`g \gdog Oer|s odkke} |reyamg sdigcgg|akh ier qewr ods` dkm a} as ke} owrrgk}fq

igdsabfg }e e|gk d W+_+ meffdr bdkc dooewk}+ Ai qew oèesg }e brakh gp}rd jekgq& brakh }`g djewk} }`d} xaff

swa} qewr exk }rdygf |fdks dkm kggms+

X`gk odk A }dcg ydod}aek dkm `dyg |ge|fg yasa} jg5

Yefwk}ggrs ei}gk s}d}g dk ak}grgs} ak }rdygfakh dkm fgdrkakh dbew} e}`gr owf}wrgs ds jdak rgdseks ier xdk}akh

}e neak }`g \gdog Oer|s+ Qew drg gkoewrdhgm }e wsg qewr ydod}aek }ajg }e }rdygf drewkm \drdhwdq dkm e}`gr

oewk}rags+ Gdo` Yefwk}ggr doowjwfd}gs }xe ydod}aek mdqs |gr jek}` ei sgryaog gpofwmakh }rdakakh!+ ]e

gkswrg }`d} dkkwdf fgdyg as dk ak}ghrdf |dr} ei d Yefwk}ggr(s sgryaog& dkkwdf fgdyg as masoewrdhgm mwrakh }`g

bghakkakh er gkm ei sgryaog& dkm sèwfm ke} bg }dcgk mwrakh }`g iars} }`rgg jek}`s er fds} }`rgg jek}`s ei

sgryaog& gpog|} x`gk }`g Oewk}rq Margo}er d||reygs fgdyg wkmgr s|goadf oarowjs}dkogs& er ak oeknwko}aek

xa}` dk dw}èra~gm gjgrhgkoq fgdyg+ Xg dfse swhhgs} }`d} qew |fdk ydod}aeks }e oeakoamg xa}` fex fgygfsei do}aya}q d} qewr sa}g+

Idjafq dkm iragkms drg xgfoejg }e yasa} qew sap jek}`s di}gr qew `dyg sxerk*ak ier sgryaog& dkm ds fekh ds

}`gar s}dq oeakoamgs xa}` qewr |fdkkgm ydod}aek }ajg dkm megs ke} ak}grigrg xa}` qewr xerc+ @exgygr& qew

sèwfm dmyasg }`gj ke} }e |wro`dsg dkq kekrgiwkmdbfg }aocg}s wk}af qew drg dbfg }e s|gdc xa}` qewr

dsseoad}g \gdog Oer|s margo}er D\OM! dbew} dkq so`gmwfakh oekifao}s xa}` jdkmd}erq ak*sgryaog }rdakakh

gygk}s+ Gp}gkmgm s}dqs d} qewr sa}g drg ke} gkoewrdhgm dkm jdq rgtwarg |grjassaek irej qewr oewk}rq


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margo}er+ Oeksas}gk} xa}` }`g \gdog Oer|s xerfmxamg |efaoq }`d} |reàba}s kek*jdrragm oew|fgs irej

sgryakh }ehg}`gr& \gdog Oer|s%\drdhwdq megs ke} |grja} d Yefwk}ggrs sahkaiaodk} e}`gr }e gs}dbfas`

|grjdkgk} rgsamgkog xa}` }`g Yefwk}ggr mwrakh sgryaog+ ]`g \gdog Oer|s as ke} dbfg }e |reyamg qewr yasa}ers

xa}` yasd& jgmaodf& er }rdygf dssas}dkog+

Xaff jq bgfekhakhs bg oeygrgm bq akswrdkog5

]`g \gdog Oer|s megs ke} |reyamg akswrdkog oeygrdhg ier |grsekdf giigo}s3 Yefwk}ggrs drg wf}ajd}gfq

rgs|eksabfg ier }`g sdigcgg|akh ei }`gar |grsekdf bgfekhakhs+ @exgygr& qew odk |wro`dsg |grsekdf |re|gr}q

akswrdkog bgierg qew fgdyg+ Ai qew xas`& qew jdq oek}do} qewr exk akswrdkog oej|dkq3 dmma}aekdffq&

akswrdkog d||faod}aeks xaff bg |reyamgm& dkm xg gkoewrdhg qew }e oeksamgr }`gj odrgiwffq+ Yefwk}ggrs

sèwfm ke} sà| er }dcg ydfwdbfg a}gjs eygrsgds+ Ngxgfrq& xd}o`gs& rdmaes& odjgrds& dkm gp|gksayg

d||fadkogs drg swbngo} }e fess& }`gi}& dkm brgdcdhg& dkm ak jdkq |fdogs& sd}asido}erq jdak}gkdkog dkm rg|dar

sgryaogs drg ke} dydafdbfg+

Me A kggm dk ak}grkd}aekdf mraygrs faogksg5

Yefwk}ggrs ak \drdhwdq me ke} kggm }e hg} dk ak}grkd}aekdf mraygrs faogksg bgodwsg }`gq drg |reàba}gm irej

e|grd}akh je}era~gm ygàofgs+ Jes} wrbdk }rdygf as bq bws er }dpa+ Rwrdf }rdygf rdkhgs irej bwsgs dkm

jakabwsgs }e }rwocs dkm d fe} ei xdfcakh+ Ek eoodsaek& d Yefwk}ggr jdq oèesg }e gp}gkm ier d }àrm qgdr }e

sgryg ds d oeermakd}er+ Yefwk}ggr oeermakd}ers xaff kggm }e eb}dak d feodf mraygrs faogksg sakog }`gq drg

|grja}}gm }e mrayg \gdog Oer|s ygàofgs+ Qewr W+_+ mraygrs faogksg xaff idoafa}d}g }`g |reogss& se brakh a} xa}`

qew nws} ak odsg+

X`d} sèwfm A brakh ds hai}s ier \drdhwdqdk iragkms dkm jq ès} idjafq5

]às as ke} d rgtwargjgk}& bw} ai qew xas` }e brakh sejg}àkh& d saj|fg }ecgk ei iragkmsà| as swiiaoagk}+

_ejg hai} swhhgs}aeks akofwmg ckaocckdocs ier }`g èwsg3 |ao}wrg irdjgs& |ao}wrgs& beecs& er odfgkmdrs ei

Djgraodk sogkgs3 sewygkars irej qewr drgd3 `drm odkmags }`d} xaff ke} jgf} er s|eaf3 er |è}es }e hayg dxdq+

X`grg xaff jq sa}g dssahkjgk} bg x`gk A iakas` }rdakakh dkm èx asefd}gm xaff A bg5

\gdog Oer|s }rdakggs

Peace Corps Paraguay Welcome Book | No Date Cover

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Transcript of Peace Corps Paraguay Welcome Book | No Date Cover