Peace Corps Care Manual (health) Group Approach Manual (IEC / BCC)

7/31/2019 Peace Corps Care Manual (health) Group Approach Manual (IEC / BCC)

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^ba Odpa Hpjqv

Dvvpjdob

Badk~b Vpjej~gjl dln @abdgjp Obdlha ^bpjqhb D_qs~dgld`ka Ojeeqlg~w @dsan _~pd~ahw

Vadoa Ojpvs

@algl 0646


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0

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nasapas edlw ~bdlis cjp bap ojeeg~eal~ ~j bap jkql~aaps dln ~ba hqgndloa sba vpjgnan xbgka

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3/37

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J`mao~gas ,1

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D% Xg~bgl ~ba vpjhpde,, ,8

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Bjx Dpa Odpa Hpjqvs Jphdlg}an:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,4?

Iaw Do~jps gl ~ba Odpa Hpjqv Ejnak,,41

Pjka jc ~ba Badk~b Vpjej~aps,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,41

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Dvvalngr GGG % _qpaw Ardevka Obgkn _qpgdk ^aoblgodk _qvvjp~ Xa`sg~a',?4

Dvvalngr GS % @dppgap Dldkwsgs _qpaw?2


4/37

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Gl~pjnqo~gjl

@doihpjqln

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hpjqv ejnak,4

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ngccapal~ cpje ~wvgodk ej~baps hpjqvs gl ~bd~ adob Kadnap Ej~bap gs pasvjlsg`ka cjp pahqkdpkw gsg~glh 46%41

jc bap laghb`jps+ sbdpglh xbd~ sba bds kadplan dln cdogkg~d~glh àbdgjp obdlha d~ ~ba bjqsabjkn kaak,

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àbdgjp obdlha ojeeqlgod~gjl, Xg~b ejs~ jkql~aap vpjhpdes+ ~bapa gs d bghb pgsi cjp `qpl%jq~ jp

d~~pg~gjl, Odpa hpjqvs bda d `qgk~%Gl sqvvjp~ la~xjpi dejlh ~ba Kadnap Ej~bap jkql~aaps xbgob panqoas

~bgs pgsi+ arvapgaloglh caxap ~qpljaps jc ~basa Kadnap Ej~baps, G~ gs dksj lj~an ~bd~ ds Kadnap Ej~baps sa~hjdks ~jha~bap dln pagax ~bagp vpjhpass+ ~baw opad~a d sqvvjp~ la~xjpi dln edgl~dgl ej~gd~gjl xg~bgl

~ba hpjqv, Kds~kw+ Odpa Hpjqvs dksj vpjgna ~ba s~pqo~qpa cjp d ojeeqlg~w badk~b glcjped~gjl sws~ae ~bd~

pavjp~s jl lax vpahldlogas+ `gp~bs dln nad~bs na~ao~an nqpglh bjea gsg~s

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nj badk~b vpjej~gjl cjp ~ba ojeeqlg~w+ Odpa Hpjqvs bda àal d sqooass, Gl Ej}de`gtqa+ ~ba edmjpg~w jc

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sbjxl dl glopadsa gl geeqlg}d~gjls jc obgknpal dhas 40%0? ejl~bs+ gl ~ba qsa jc Jpdk Pabwnpd~gjl

^pad~eal~s+ jc obgknpal arokqsgakw `pads~%can ql~gk 3 ejl~bs+ dln jc obgknpals halapdk xaghb~+ dln d

naopadsa gl nad~bs dejlh obgknpal,?

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naakjvan jccgogdk opg~apgd ~j nacgla dln ngccapal~gd~a Odpa Hpjqvs cpje j~bap ejnaks, ^ba opg~apgd xds

nggnan gl~j ~bjsa xbgob eqs~ à vpasal~ gl jpnap cjp ~ba ~ape Odpa Hpjqv ~j à qsan dln ~bjsa xbgob

bda àal bakvcqk xbal glokqnan gl ~ba ejnak `q~ ~bd~ dpa lj~ laoassdpgkw patqgpan, ^basa opg~apgd odl à

cjqln gl Dvvalngr D= Odpa Hpjqv Opg~apgd,

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v,10

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G`gn, v,3


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Dndv~glh Odpa Hpjqvs= Vadoa Ojpvs Gevkaeal~d~gjl gl @algl

Odpa hpjqvs vpjej~a badk~bw àbdgjp obdlhas ~bpjqhb d sqs~dgld`ka

ojeeqlg~w `dsan s~pd~ahw+ ~bqs bds àal dndv~an dln gevkaeal~an

dpjqln ~ba xjpkn, G~ xds gl~pjnqoan ~j Pqpdk Ojeeqlg~w Badk~b Sjkql~aaps

gl @algl gl 0662, Vadoa Ojpvs Sjkql~aaps dln ~bagp Bjs~ Ojql~pw Ld~gjldk

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qvjl padkg}an s~pd~ahgas dln laanan obdlhas, Baloa+ ~bgs edlqdk gs àglh

xpg~~al ~j à d hqgna cjp Vadoa Ojpvs Sjkql~aaps gl bjvas jc okdpgcwglh ~ba

vpjmao~ dln ediglh g~ adsgap cjp wjq ~j ha~ s~dp~an dln gevkaeal~ odpa hpjqvs gl wjqp ojeeqlg~w,

Jla VO dndv~d~gjl edna xds ~j bda VOSs dln ~bagp BOL ojql~apvdp~s eaa~ xg~b caxap odpa hpjqvs dln

vkdw d kdphap pjka gl sqvvjp~glh ~ba àhgllglh jc ~ba vpjmao~, Bjxaap+ g~ gs gevjp~dl~ ~j edgl~dgl d

cdogkg~d~glh pjka ~j alsqpa ~ba vpjmao~s sqs~dgld`gkg~w, Gl Ej}de`gtqa+ vpjmao~s xapa nasghlan ~j kds~ 1

wadps, D ~wvgodk VO sapgoa jlkw kds~s 0 wadps+ ~bqs ar~pd ojlsgnapd~gjl gs laanan xbal ejlg~jpglh dln

adkqd~glh ~ba vpjmao~s sqooass dln xbapa cadsg`ka+ cjp ~pdlsg~gjl ~j d pavkdoaeal~ jkql~aap,

^bgs edlqdk bjvas ~j vpjgna VO xg~b sqhhas~gjls dln glsghb~+ `q~ paeaeàp adob ojeeqlg~w gs qlgtqa

dln patqgpas wjq ~j dndv~ ~ba ejnak gl d xdw ~bd~ xgkk às~ cg~ g~s laans dln oqk~qpdk ojl~ar~, Iaavglh dl

jval egln dln àglh opad~ga xgkk bakv ~ba sqooass jc wjqp vpjmao~, Xg~b wjqp gnads odpa hpjqvs odl aal

à arvdlnan ~j j~bap badk~b ~jvgos jp sao~jps sqob ds algpjleal~dk anqod~gjl,

J`mao~gas

^ba j`mao~gas jc Odpa Hpjqvs dpa ~j=

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~ba ojeeqlg~w asvaogdkkw obgknpal qlnap 1 dln vpahldl~ xjeal

Ej`gkg}a ~ba ojeeqlg~w gl~j do~gjl cjp ~ba à~~apeal~ jc japdkk badk~b Vpjej~a àbdgjp obdlha ds d sjogdk ejaeal~ Anqod~a xjeal jl `dsgo badk~b gssqas ~bapa`w eqk~gvkwglh ~ba accjp~ xg~bjq~ jap`qpnalglh

vpjmao~ s~dcc

Opad~a d sqs~dgld`ka vpjmao~ qsglh eglgedk cgldlogdk pasjqpoas

Cg~~glh Odpa Hpjqvs gl~j Wjqp VO _apgoa

^bpjqhb ~ba gevkaeal~d~gjl jc odpa hpjqvs+ VOSs dln ~bagp ojql~apvdp~s xgkk opad~a eadlglhcqk dln kds~glh

pakd~gjlsbgvs xg~b ~ba xjeal gl ~bagp ojeeqlg~w, @w svalnglh ~gea xg~b ~ba xjeal nqpglh ejl~bkw jp `g%

ejl~bkw eaa~glhs VOSs xgkk ha~ ~j iljx ~bae jl ejpa vapsjldk kaaks dln hdgl d hpad~ap iljxkanha jc ~ba

oqk~qpa dln ~ba ojeeqlg~w, G~ odl dksj cjs~ap ~ba ojeeqlg~ws ojlcgnaloa gl jkql~aaps dln ~bagp

ojql~apvdp~s dln jvals qv jvvjp~qlg~gas cjp j~bap badk~b vpjmao~s ~j à padkg}an sqob ds vpjej~gjl jc

geeqlg}d~gjls+ `d`w xaghbglh+ dln VN vjsg~ga nagdloa' Badp~b, Ejpa ojeeqlg~w eaeàps xgkk kjji ~j

VOSs dln ojql~apvdp~s cjp dngoa, Dln xg~b dl qk~ged~a nasghl ~jxdpns sqs~dgld`gkg~w+ Odpa Hpjqvs odl bakv

jkql~aaps caak sqooasscqk d~ ~ba ojevka~gjl jc ~bagp sapgoa,

_qs~dgld`gkg~w dln Kjlh ape @alacg~s

Nqpglh jqp Vadoa Ojpvs sapgoa g~ gs jc~al ngccgoqk~ ~j eadsqpa àbdgjp obdlhas, ^bgs odl à cpqs~pd~glh dln

ngsdvvjgl~glh d~ ~geas, Bjxaap xg~b d kg~~ka vapsaapdloa d~ ~ba àhgllglh jc ~ba vpjmao~+ wjq xgkk s~dp~ ~j


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saa obdlhas gl d~~g~qnas dln ~ba hpjxglh ej~gd~gjl jc ~bjsa gljkan gl ~ba vpjmao~, ^ba gevjp~dloa jc

~basa àhgllglh s~dhas jc Odpa Hpjqvs cjp ~ba halapdk ojl~glqd~gjl dln sqs~dgld`gkg~w jc ~ba vpjmao~ odllj~

à japas~ged~an, D cgpe s~dp~glh cjqlnd~gjl eadls ~bd~ ~ba jkql~aap dln ojql~apvdp~ dpa xakk%glcjpean

d`jq~ ~bagp ojeeqlg~w ~bpjqhb nd~d%hd~bapglh dln oalsqs%~diglh+ Kadnap Ej~baps cqkkw qlnaps~dln ~bagp

pjkas dln pasvjlsg`gkg~gas+ dln ~ba hjdk jc ~ba vpjmao~ gs edna okadp ~j ~ba halapdk vq`kgo, Xg~b ~basa

ojlng~gjls gl vkdoa lj~goad`ka àbdgjp obdlhas odl jooqp jap~gea, Dln àodqsa jcOdpa Hpjqvs `qgk~%gl

sqvvjp~ sws~ae ~bapa gs kjx ~qpljap jc Kadnap Ej~baps dln alojqpdhaeal~ ~j ojl~glqa ~ba vpjmao~ gsqsqdkkw sqs~dglan aal gl ~ba d`saloa jc ~ba badk~b vpjej~ap,

Dk~bjqhb ~ba qk~ged~a hjdk jc Odpa Hpjqvs gs ~j ~qpl dkk vpjmao~ pasvjlsg`gkg~w jap ~j ~ba Kadnap Ej~baps+

lax jkql~aaps edw cgln ~bd~ ~baw bda glbapg~an d Odpa Hpjqvs vpjmao~ cpje d vpagjqs jkql~aap, _qob

~pdlsg~gjlglh sg~qd~gjls odl à vpaodpgjqs ~geas cjp Odpa Hpjqvs cjp dpgjqs padsjls= d lax jkql~aap kdois

d vapsjldk ojllao~gjl xg~b Kadnap Ej~baps+ ~baw dpa qlcdegkgdp xg~b ~ba ojeeqlg~w dln oqk~qpa+ dln sgloa

lax VOSs dpa ngsojqpdhan cpje njglh eqob xjpi gl ~bagp cgps~ ~bpaa ejl~bs vpjmao~ eaa~glhs ojqkn

àojea gl~appqv~an,

^j eg~ghd~a ~ba vj~al~gdkkw bghbkw ngspqv~ga accao~ jc ~bgs ~pdlsg~gjl+ jkql~aaps odl q~gkg}a saapdk ngccapal~

s~pd~ahgas, D eaa~glh à~xaal ~ba OJ_%glh jkql~aap+ ~bagp ojql~apvdp~+ dln ~ba gl%ojeglh jkql~aap ojqkn

vpjgna d bakvcqk gl~pjnqo~gjl ~j ~ba vpjmao~+ ojeeqlg~w nd~d*vpj`kaes*vpgjpg~gas+ dln cq~qpa hjdks dln

ngpao~gjls, Vjs~%gsg~s dpa jc~al japxbakeglh arvapgaloas cjp ~pdglaas q~ g~ edw à qsacqk ~j gl~pjnqoa

~ba gl%ojeglh jkql~aap ~j ~ba Kadnap Ej~baps d~ ~bgs ~gea, Sjkql~aaps dln ojql~apvdp~s sbjqkn dksj

dkxdws iaav na~dgkan paojpns jc ~ba vpjmao~ glokqnglh ojeeqlg~w nd~d+ edvs+ sqpaws+ dln d~~alndloa

sbaa~s, Cgldkkw gl%ojeglh jkql~aaps edw naogna ~j qsa ~bagp cgps~ ~bpaa ejl~bs ds dl dssasseal~ vapgjn gl

xbgob ~baw ojlnqo~ ojeeqlg~w sqpaws, ^bgs xjqkn à d xdw cjp ~ba VOS ~j ha~ ~j iljx ~ba ojeeqlg~w

dln Kadnap Ej~baps%%%ds xakk ds ~ba vpjmao~s oqppal~ vpjhpass%%%xg~bjq~ àglh sqnnalkw ~bpjxl gl~j

eaa~glhs dln bjea gsg~s,

Gl ~bgliglh d`jq~ ~ba d`ja s~pd~ahgas g~ gs gevjp~dl~ ~j paeaeàp ~bd~ aapw sg~qd~gjl gs ngccapal~ dln ~bd~

d qlgapsdk sjkq~gjl gs ljlargs~al~, Naakjvglh dl accao~ga Odpa Hpjqv ~dias kj~s jc ~gea+ vd~galoa+ dln

vapsaapdloa `q~ ~ba kjlh%~ape àlacg~s dpa xakk xjp~b ~ba accjp~, Ds dl glbapal~kw sqs~dgld`ka vpjmao~+

Odpa Hpjqvs dpa d xdw cjp jkql~aaps ~j aevjxap kjodk xjeal ~j edia d kds~glh gevdo~ gl ~bagp

ojeeqlg~w,

Cqlnglh

Odpa Hpjqvs dpa eadl~ ~j à ojs~ accao~ga9 ~bapacjpa ~baw odl à as~d`kgsban xg~b eglgedk cqlnglh,

Cqlnglh edw à laoassdpw gc wjq xgsb ~j bda dl jvalglh oapaejlw ~j gl~pjnqoa ~ba vpjmao~ dln sakao~an

jkql~aaps+ jp vpjgna sedkk gloal~gas ~jials jc dvvpaogd~gjl' ~j ojeeqlg~w jkql~aaps `q~ paeaeàp+

jkql~aaps sbjqkn sghl qv àodqsa ~baw xjqkn kgia ~j vpjej~a vpjvap badk~b dln lq~pg~gjl+ lj~ cjp dl

gloal~ga', ^bgs dln j~bap ed~apgdks sqob ds lj~a`jjis+ vals+ ckgv obdp~s+ a~o, odl à vpjgnan `w d _VD jp

VOVV hpdl~ jp d sedkkap hpdl~ gc ddgkd`ka gl wjqp ojql~pw jc sapgoa g,a, HDN hpdl~s gl VO @algl'+ navalnglh

jl wjqp laans, Xg~b wjqp opad~gg~w wjq odl qlnap~dia ~ba vpjmao~ xg~b apw kg~~ka ojs~ gc dlw,

Bjx Odpa Hpjqvs dpa As~d`kgsban=Odpa Hpjqvs dpa lj~ pghb~ cjp aapw ojeeqlg~w, ^bapacjpa ~bapa dpa saapdk s~avs laoassdpw gl dsoap~dglglh

~ba cadsg`gkg~w jc Odpa Hpjqvs gl wjqp ojeeqlg~w àcjpa gevkaeal~glh d Odpa Hpjqv vpjhpde,

^bapa dpa cga ojpa do~gg~gas ~bd~ VOS_ dln ~bagp ojql~apvdp~s sbjqkn ~dia àcjpa as~d`kgsbglh Odpa Hpjqvs,

^basa glokqna=

4, Na~apeglglh padnglass cjp qsglh ~ba Odpa Hpjqv ejnak,0, Vpavdpglh ~ba ojeeqlg~w dln j~bap s~diabjknaps,?, Gnal~gcwglh Badk~b Vpjej~aps dln vpjgnglh ~pdglglh


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>, Alsqpglh ~bd~ kjhgs~gos laoassdpw cjp ~ba vpjhpde dpa gl vkdoa,1, Ojlnqo~glh d oalsqs,

_~av 4= Laoassdpw Vpakgegldpgas na~apeglglh padnglass cjp qsglh ~ba Odpa Hpjqv Ejnak

D, Xg~bgl ~ba vpjhpde

âoblgodk odvdog~w # ojeeg~eal~ jc VOS dln ~bagp ojql~apvdp~, Ojeeg~eal~ dln ddgkd`gkg~w jc hpjqvs jc jkql~aaps Kadnap Ej~baps', Odl xa ha~ Kadnap Ej~baps

xg~bgl ~ba ~dpha~ hpjqv xbj bda ~ba ~gea+ gl~apas~ dln d`gkg~w ~j xjpi ds jkql~aap Kadnap

Ej~baps gl ~ba Odpa Hpjqvs:

_qvvjp~ jc ojeeqlg~w kadnaps, Cgldlogdk pasjqpoas eglgedk'~j ojap arvalsas cjp anqod~gjldk dln j~bap ed~apgdks sqob ds Kadnap

Ej~bap qlgcjpes,

Aljqhb ~gea ~j as~d`kgsb dln ~pdgl jkql~aaps, ^ba kjlhap ~ba vpjmao~ vapgjn ~ba hpad~ap ~bavpj`d`gkg~w ~bd~ ~ba Odpa Hpjqv s~pqo~qpa xgkk s~dw cgpe dln do~ ds d obdllak ~bpjqhb xbgob j~bap

vpjmao~s odl à gl~pjnqoan ~bd~ xjqkn dksj àlacg~ ~ba ojeeqlg~w,

Hjjn ejlg~jpglh dln sqvapgsgjl sws~aegl vkdoa ~j odppw jq~ d ndw~j%ndw cjkkjx%qv dln ediaobdlhas gl d ~geakw xdw xbal laoassdpw,

Hjjn ojeeqlgod~gjl sigkks dln sws~ae gl vkdoa gl jpnap ~j ojkkd`jpd~a xg~b s~diabjknaps gl ~baojeeqlg~w+ jkql~aap Kadnap Ej~baps dln @alacgogdpgas,

_qvvjp~ga xjpiglh algpjleal~ a,h, ojeeqlg~w kadnaps+ Kadnap Ej~baps+ ojql~apvdp~s*xjpis~pqo~qpa dpa paoav~ga ~j vpjmao~',


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@, Ar~apldk cdo~jps ~bd~ odl glckqaloa ~ba Odpa Hpjqv

Ngs~pg`q~gjl jc alacgogdpgas=Bjx okjsa jp sod~~apan dpa ~baw hajhpdvbgodkkw: Gl nalsakw vjvqkd~anojeeqlg~gas+ g~ gs adsgap ~j as~d`kgsb dln edldha Odpa Hpjqvs,

Ojlsgnap ~bpaa edgl cdo~jps xbal naognglh xba~bap Odpa Opjqvs xjqkn xjpi xakk xg~bgl d

vdp~goqkdp vpjmao~ dpad=

Sjkql~aap vjjk= Gs ~bapa d kdpha aljqhb vjvqkd~gjl cpje xbgob ~j npdx sqccgogal~ Kadnap Ej~bapsdpa ~bapa 46 hpjqvs jc 46 bjqsabjkns adob' xg~bgl xdkiglh ngs~dloa:

Padsjld`ka ~pdak= Dpa bjqsabjkns dln gkkdhas svdoan ~j edia g~ adsw cjp Kadnap Ej~baps ~j gsg~~bagp dssghlan bjqsabjkns dln ~j xdki ~j ~ba Odpa Hpjqv eaa~glhs: Odl ~ba VOS dln ~bagp

ojql~apvdp~ ~pdak `a~xaal Odpa Hpjqv eaa~glh sg~as dln ojlnqo~ cgakn sqvapgsgjl qsglh ddgkd`ka

dln ojs~ accgogal~ eadls jc ~pdlsvjp~d~gjl:

Sjkql~aap ddgkd`gkg~w= Nj xjeal gl ~ba vpjhpde sg~a bda ~gea gl ~bagp ndgkw kgas ~j d~~aln ~xgoaejl~bkw Odpa Hpjqv eaa~glhs dln odppw jq~ ~bagp jkql~aap pasvjlsg`gkg~gas: Odl ~baw ojeeg~ ~jsvalnglh pjqhbkw 1 bjqps vap xaai jl jkql~aap do~gg~gas:

^ba Odpa Hpjqv ejnak gs lj~ xakk%sqg~an ~j svdpsakw vjvqkd~an jp paej~a kjod~gjls sqob ds pahgjls

xg~b bjeas~adn cdpes', ^basa algpjleal~s s~pdgl Kadnap Ej~baps ~gea dln cgldlogdk pasjqpoas+

glopadsglh ~ba kgiakgbjjn jc npjvjq~s,

Jl ~ba j~bap bdln+ qp`dl dpads dksj vpasal~ saapdk obdkkalhas ~j ~ba Odpa Hpjqv ejnak+

vdp~goqkdpkw gl pahdpns ~j jkql~aap npjv jq~, XP njas lj~ bda arvapgaloa gevkaeal~glh ~ba Odpa

Hpjqv ejnak gl nalsakw vjvqkd~an qp`dl dpads+ sqob ds skqe ojeeqlg~gas,

Qp`dl obdkkalhas ~j jkql~aap pa~al~gjl glokqna=

Edlw skqe dpads bda ~pdlsgal~ vjvqkd~gjls ~bd~ kdoi s~pjlh gnal~g~w xg~b ~bagp qp`dlojeeqlg~w,

Ejpa xjeal dpa kgiakw ~j bda sjea cjpe jc vdgn aevkjweal~ mj`s xg~b glckarg`kasobanqkas ojeva~a xg~b jkql~aap ojeeg~eal~s,

Xbal cjpedk aevkjweal~ gs ddgkd`ka+ jkql~aaps edw bda hpad~ap arvao~d~gjls ~bd~ vpjmao~s~dcc xgkk vdw ~bae,

Tqas~gjls ~j ojlsgnap=

Xbd~ gs ~ba vjvqkd~gjl nalsg~w jc ~ba vpjmao~ dpad:Xbd~ gs ~ba vjvqkd~gjl sg}a ~ba vpjmao~ xgkk ~dpha~:

Bjx cdp eqs~ jkql~aap Kadnap Ej~baps ~pdak ~j odpa hpjqv eaa~glhs: Gs ~bgs padsjld`ka+ hgal

~bagp ~gea dln pasjqpoas:

Bjx cdp eqs~ VOSs dln ~bagp ojql~apvdp~s ~pdak ~j odpa hpjqv eaa~glhs: Gs ~bgs padsjld`ka+ hgal

~ba vpjmao~s `qnha~ dlnVOS Ojql~apvdp~s xjpikjdn:

Gs g~ sdca cjp VOS dln ~bagp ojql~apvdp~s ~j ~pdak ~j odpa hpjqv eaa~glhs:

Dpa ~bapa nalsakw vjvqkd~an qp`dl sg~as xg~bgl ~ba vpjmao~ dpad: Xgkk ~ba vpjmao~ glokqna

~basa:


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_adsjldk dpgd~gjls= Cdpeglh sadsjl+ pdglw sadsjl, Nqpglh ~ba cdpeglh sadsjl+ edlw vajvka xjpijl ~bagp cdpe dln d~~alndloa jc Odpa Hpjqv eaa~glhs edw npjv, Vdp~gogvdl~s edw ojea kd~a ~j

eaa~glhs dln ~bapa edw à kjxap pd~as jc ~ba OH Kadnap Ej~baps ~j padob ~bagp àlacgogdpw hpjqvs,

@a opad~ga cjp ardevka jla VOS ~jji bap Odpa Hpjqv eaa~glh jq~ gl~j ~ba odsbax cgakns, Dksj

~pw ~j dssqpa ~bd~ opg~godk badk~b kassjls nj lj~ jooqp nqpglh ~basa ejl~bs jc kjx d~~alndloa$

Ddgkd`gkg~w jc glcpds~pqo~qpa= Pjdns+ badk~b cdogkg~gas dln j~bap sapgoas, Xjpi a~bgo dln s~pd~ahgo dvvpjdob dvvkgan `w j~bap vpjmao~s*LHJs, _jea jphdlg}d~gjls vpjgna d

kj~ jc gloal~gas ~j jkql~aaps gl ~bagp vpjhpdes, J~baps bdln jq~ hjjns a,h,+ cjjn' ~j ~ba

@alacgogdpgas dln ~bd~ edw edia g~ bdpnap cjp Odpa Hpjqvs ~j xjpi jl jkql~dpw `dsgs, Hjapleal~

vdp~laps xbj dpa ha~~glh saapdk iglns jc àlacg~s cpje j~bap jphdlg}d~gjls sqob ds vap ngaes cjp

aapw eaa~glh ~baw dpa d~~alnglh+ ed~apgdk dln cgldlogdk sqvvjp~ cjp hjapleal~ vpjhpdes edw

lj~ jlkw à sqsvgogjqs jc ~ba vpjhpde `q~ edw lj~ à xgkkglh ~j `qw gl~j ~ba Odpa Hpjqv ejnak

xbgob gs `dsan edglkw jl jkql~dpw xjpi,

_qvvjp~ga àkgacs dln vpdo~goas gl pakd~gjl ~j xjeals pjka ds anqod~jps gl ~ba ojeeqlg~w sbjqknà s~qngan xakk dln dnnpassan dvvpjvpgd~akw gl ~ba vpjmao~ gl ojlsqk~d~gjl xg~b ojeeqlg~w kadnaps

àcjpa cgldkg}glh opg~apgd cjp ~bagp sakao~gjl, @a sqpa ~j bda gl vkdoa vjkgogas dln vpjoanqpas ~j

djgn lavj~gse objjsglh vajvka mqs~ àodqsa jc ~bagp cdegkw ojllao~gjls,

Dvvpjvpgd~alass jc Odpa Hpjqv anqod~gjl cjp ~ba ~dpha~ dqngaloa= ha~~glh dnatqd~a lqeàp jcjkql~aap Kadnap Ej~baps+ ~pdglglh laans jc Kadnap Ej~baps+ a~o,

Odl xa ha~ Kadnap Ej~baps xg~bgl ~ba ~dpha~ hpjqv xbj bda ~ba ~gea+ gl~apas~ dln d`gkg~w~j xjpi ds jkql~aap Kadnap Ej~baps gl ~ba Odpa Hpjqvs:

Xbd~ nj xa xdl~ ~basa Kadnap Ej~baps ~j nj: âdob ~bagp vaaps jl badk~b dln lq~pg~gjlanqod~gjl ~j edia glcjpean naogsgjls pahdpnglh ~ba badk~b jc ~bagp obgknpal+ alojqpdha~bae ~j edia ojeeg~eal~s+ sqvvjp~ ~ba edgl~aldloa jc àbdgjp obdlha:

Xbd~ xgkk ~ba Kadnap Ej~baps laan gl jpnap ~j eaa~ ~basa j`mao~gas: Glg~gdk ~pdglglh:Pacpasbap ~pdglglh: Anqod~gjldk ed~apgdks+ sqvapgsgjl: Eaa~glh svdoa a~o,:

Bjx edlw Kadnap Ej~baps xgkk à laanan ~j padob ~ba ~dpha~ hpjqv gl ~ba hajhpdvbgodpad:

Bjx xgkk ~ba vpjmao~ ~pdgl dln sqvvjp~ ~bd~ edlw Kadnap Ej~baps: Xgkk ~ba Kadnap Ej~baps laan gloal~gas: Xbd~ ~wvas jc gloal~gas: Bjx kjlh xgkk ~ba Kadnap Ej~bap anqod~gjl ojl~glqa:

_~av 0= Vpavdpglh ~ba ojeeqlg~w dln j~bap s~diabjknaps,

G~ gs laoassdpw ~bd~ ~ba ojeeqlg~w kadnaps dln ojeeqlg~w eaeàps bda glcjped~gjl d`jq~ ~ba Odpa

Hpjqvs dln bjx ~baw xjpi, ^baw sbjqkn dksj à glcjpean d`jq~ ~ba VOSs dln Badk~b Vpjej~aps

xjpiglh gl ~ba ojeeqlg~w dln ~bagp pjka gl ~ba vpjmao~, Xa laan ~ba ojeeqlg~w kadnaps ~j lj~ jlkw

iljx d`jq~ ~ba vpjhpde `q~ ~j à dl do~ga vdp~gogvdl~ gl g~, ^ba ojeeqlg~ws pjka gl ~ba

as~d`kgsbeal~ jc Odpa Hpjqvs glokqnas ~ba cjkkjxglh=

4, Paojhlg}glh Kadnap Ej~baps vdp~gogvd~gjl ~j gevpja ~ba kgas jc vajvka gl ~bagpojeeqlg~w9

0, Vpjgnglh sqvvjp~ dln alojqpdhaeal~ ~j ~ba Kadnap Ej~baps cjp ~ba xjpi ~baw dpa njglhgl ~ba ojeeqlg~w9

?, Ejlg~jpglh Badk~b Vpjej~aps dln Kadnap Ej~baps vapcjpedloa9 dln>, Vdp~gogvd~glh gl sjea jc ~ba Odpa Hpjqv eaa~glhs,


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^j alsqpa ~ba vpjej~gjl dln dooav~dloa jc Odpa Hpjqvs+ g~ gs xgsa cjp wjq dln wjqp ojql~apvdp~ ~j

gl~pjnqoa ~ba Odpa Hpjqv Dvvpjdob ~j ~ba badns' jc wjqp ojeeqlg~w dln j~bap gevjp~dl~ ojeeqlg~w

eaeàps edwjp+ aknaps+ vpasgnal~s jc kjodk hpjqvs+ a~o,' ^bagp sqvvjp~ gs g~dk cjp ej`gkg}glh ~ba

ojeeqlg~w dln cjp ~ba japdkk sqooass jc ~ba vpjhpde, Bqs`dlns jp obacs na cdegkka eghb~ à kass siav~godk

jc ~ba vpjmao~ dln ejpa kgiakw ~j sqvvjp~ xjeal ~j vdp~gogvd~a gc ~baw caak ~bd~ ~ba ojeeqlg~w sqvvjp~s ~ba

vpjmao~, _gegkdpkw+ gc Kadnap Ej~baps caak ~ba ojeeqlg~w sqvvjp~s Odpa Hpjqvs+ ~baw xgkk ~dia ~ba vpjmao~dln ~bagp pjka ejpa sapgjqskw,1

Ojlsgnap bjknglh jvalglh oapaejlgas ~j gl~pjnqoa ~ba Kadnap Ej~baps dln

~j ha~ ~ba xbjka ojeeqlg~w gljkan,

_~av ?= Gnal~gcw Vpjmao~ s~dcc

VOSs BOL Ojql~apvdp~s sapglh ds Badk~b Vpjej~aps ~baw eqs~ à nwldego ~adobaps+ ej~gd~an+ a~o,

VOSs sapa ds Oj%Vpjej~aps dln xjpi sgna `w sgna xg~b ~bagp ojql~apvdp~ gl ~ba as~d`kgsbeal~ jc Odpa

Hpjqvs, @j~b Vpjej~aps dln Oj%Vpjej~aps eqs~ paoaga ~pdglglh jl vpjgnglh badk~b anqod~gjl+ eassdha+

àbdgjp obdlha ojeeqlgod~gjl+ a~o ~j accao~gakw xjpi xg~b dln ~pdgl ~ba Kadnap Ej~baps xbj ojevpgsa

~ba Odpa Hpjqvs,

Jloa wjq bda naognan ~bd~ Odpa Hpjqvs dpa cadsg`ka gl wjqp ojeeqlg~w+ g~ gs gevjp~dl~ ~j cgln d

pasvjlsg`ka ojeeqlg~w ojql~apvdp~ ~j xjpi xg~b, ^bgs ojql~apvdp~ xgkk sapa ds ~ba Badk~b Vpjej~ap dln

xgkk à gldkqd`ka xbal vapcjpeglh ~ba ojeeqlg~w oalsqs+ sakao~glh Kadnap Ej~baps+ ~pdlskd~gjls+ dln ~ba

japdkk vpjej~gjl jc ~ba vpjmao~, Xbal sakao~glh d ojql~apvdp~ g~ gs gevjp~dl~ ~j objjsa sjeajla cpje ~ba

ojeeqlg~w xbj iljxs ejs~ jc ~ba cdegkgas dln odl svadi ~bagp kdlhqdhas', Wjq xdl~ sjeajla tqdkgcgan+

dln pasvao~an gl ~ba ojeeqlg~w+ `q~ dksj sjeajla xbj xgkk bda ~ba ~gea ~j ojeeg~+ ~bqs wjq sbjqkn

okadpkw arvkdgl ~ba vpjmao~+ ~ba ojql~apvdp~s pjka dln ~gea ojeeg~eal~ cpje ~ba àhgllglh, Dk~bjqhb wjq

edw objjsa ~j xjpi xg~b sjeajla j~bap ~bdl wjqp dssghlan ojql~apvdp~+ iaav wjqp jccgogdk ojql~apvdp~

glcjpean jc wjqp do~gg~gas%%%~bgs gs lj~ jlkw pasvao~cqk `q~ ~baw edw dksj à d`ka ~j dgn wjq gl ~ba ajkq~gjl

jc ~ba vpjmao~, D hjjn ojql~apvdp~ gs sjeajla xbj gs pakgd`ka+ iljxkanhad`ka dln xakk%pasvao~an `w `j~b

eal dln xjeal, Gl sjea oqk~qpdk dpads+ g~ edw à dndl~dhajqs cjp wjqp ojql~apvdp~ ~j à d xjedl+

àodqsa jc oqk~qpdk `dppgaps jc eal xjpiglh xg~b ~bagp "jp j~bap eals' xgas,

Dc~ap wjq bda sakao~an d ojql~apvdp~+ `pdgl s~jpe ~jha~bap d`jq~ j~bap pasjqpoa vajvka gl wjqp

ojeeqlg~w dln sqppjqlnglh dpad+ cjp ardevka= Njas wjqp ojeeqlg~w bda ojeeqlg~w badk~b xjpiaps:

Dpa ~bapa dlw kjodk LHJs xjpiglh jl badk~b gssqas ~bd~ xjpi xg~b wjqp ojeeqlg~w:

_~av >= Alsqpa ~bd~ ~ba kjhgs~gos laoassdpw cjp ~ba vpjmao~ dpa gl vkdoa

_qob ds jccgoa sqvvkgas dln anqod~gjldk ed~apgdks ~j à qsan `w ~ba Badk~b Vpjej~aps dln VOSs,

_~av 1= Ojlnqo~glh d oalsqs

Jloa ~ba ojeeqlg~w gs jl `jdpn g~ gs gevapd~ga ~j qlnaphj d sqpaw jp ojeeqlg~w oalsqs ~j pahgs~ap dkk

bjqsabjkns xg~b vpahldl~ xjeal dln obgknpal qlnap 1 gl ~ba vpjmao~ sg~a, Gc wjq bda ojevka~an wjq

ojeeqlg~w dssasseal~ VDOD' nqpglh wjqp cgps~ ~bpaa ejl~bs jc sapgoa+ wjq odl pacap `doi ~j ~ba

ojeeqlg~w edv ~j bakv wjq, Gc lj~+ wjq odl nj ~ba edv gl oje`gld~gjl xg~b ~ba oalsqs, Dk~bjqhb wjqp

objsal ojql~apvdp~ edw àkgaa ~baw iljx aapwjla gl ~ba ojeeqlg~w+ g~ gs s~gkk gevjp~dl~ ~j hj ~j adob

bjqsabjkn vapsjldkkw, Gl ew jxl arvapgaloa+ G lj~goan ~bd~ eaeàps jc d ngccapal~ a~blgog~w jp d laxkwxan

xapa jc~al japkjjian `w ew ojql~apvdp~, Xbal wjq dvvpjdob ~ba bjqsabjkn+ arvkdgl ~j ~bae wjqp

vqpvjsa dln ~ba vpjmao~s hjdks, Dsi ~bae gc ~bapa gs d obgkn qlnap ~ba dha jc cga kgglh gl ~bagp bjqsabjkn

1Vadoa Ojpvs Edkg, Badp~b dln Lq~pg~gjl Hqgna, 0662


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44

dln arvkdgl ~bd~ ~ba odpa hgap jc ~bd~ obgkn dln arvao~glh ej~baps dpa ~dpha~an àlacgogdpgas, Dsi ~bae ~ba

cjkkjxglh tqas~gjls=

Xbd~ gs ~bagp ldea+ bqs`dlns ldea dln j~bap dkgdsas: Gl sjea ojeeqlg~gas+ vdpal~s dpapacappan ~j ds ~bagp obgkns ldea jp ~ba xgca jc sj dln sj, Ar, Pgssgid~jq @jlg gs iljxl gl ~ba

ojeeqlg~w ds Ededl _digld jpcaeea na edjl,

Bjx edlw obgknpal nj ~baw bda: ^bgs gs qsacqk cjp ejlg~jpglh dln adkqd~gjl ~j iljx bjxedlw ngpao~ dln glngpao~ àlacgogdpgas dpa gl ~ba vpjmao~, ^bgs gs asvaogdkkw qsacqk gc wjq naogna~j xpg~glh d hpdl~ vpjvjsdk,

Dsi ~ba ldea dln dha jc ~ba wjqlhas~ obgkn, ^bgs xgkk glngod~a ~j wjq gc ~ba obgkn sbjqkn àd~~alnglh ejl~bkw hpjx~b ejlg~jpglh sassgjls,

Obaoi ~ba geeqlg}d~gjls= ^bgs gs gevjp~dl~ dhdgl cjp ejlg~jpglh dln adkqd~gjl, A~blgog~w dln kdlhqdhas svjial, Odpaap= ~bgs odl à qsan ~j na~apegla ~ba ddgkd`gkg~w jc ~ba xjeal, Ar, Gc sba gs dl dhpgoqk~qpdk

xjpiap wjq dpa dxdpa ~bd~ sba edw à apw `qsw jp qlddgkd`ka nqpglh ~ba pdglw ejl~bs,

Xbal j`~dglglh ~ba d`ja glcjped~gjl+ g~ edw à qsacqk ~j dsi cjp ~ba obgknpals gnal~g~w odpns, Ejs~ jc ~ba

tqas~gjls wjq dsi dpa pavjp~an gl ~basa odpns, Gl wjqp paojpns+ wjq edw xdl~ ~j vq~ gl sjea jc wjqp jxl

j`sapd~gjls jp j~bap obdpdo~apgs~gos jc ~ba cdegkw, Ardevkas= gc cjpoa caanglh gs vpacjpean gl ~babjqsabjkn+ gc ~baw skaav qlnap ejstqg~j la~s+ gc wjq iljx jc d obgkn ~bd~ ngan paoal~kw+ a~o,

D ejpa gl%nav~b oalsqs odl à ojlnqo~an xbgob xgkk bakv hpad~kw nqpglh ejlg~jpglh dln adkqd~glh ~ba

vpjmao~, Tqas~gjlldgpas odl à qsan ~j hd~bap ejpa glcjped~gjl d`jq~ wjqp ojeeqlg~w, _jea ~aoblgtqas

gl ojkkao~glh nd~d dpa=

4' Iljxkanha+ Vpdo~goas dln Ojapdha IVO'

0' @dppgap Dldkwsgs @D'

@j~b odl à qsan ds d `dsakgla s~qnw, D `dsakgla s~qnw gs ojlnqo~an d~ ~ba àhgllglh jc Odpa Hpjqvs, G~ xgkk

hga wjq d vgo~qpa jc wjqp ojeeqlg~ws badk~b d~ ~bd~ vjgl~ gl ~gea dln bakv wjq na~apegla xbd~

iljxkanha+ d~~g~qnas+ dln àbdgjps wjq edw xdl~ ~j dnnpass xg~bgl Odpa Hpjqvs, Iljxkanha+ Vpdo~goas+dln Ojapdha IVO' sqpaws hga wjq d vpjcjqln kjji d~ xbd~ wjqp ojeeqlg~w iljxs+ xbd~ àbdgjps ~baw

vpdo~goa hjjn jp `dn'+ dln bjx+ xbapa+ dln cpje xbje wjqp ojeeqlg~w gs ha~~glh ~bagp badk~b

glcjped~gjl, Navalnglh jl xbd~ àbdgjp wjq dpa kjjiglh ~j cjkkjx+ wjqp IVO odl glokqna tqas~gjls jl

`pads~caanglh+ obgkn lq~pg~gjl jp lq~pg~gjl gl halapdk+ geeqlg}d~gjls+ bwhgala sqob ds bdln xdsbglh dln

xds~a ngsvjsdk+ BGS*DGN_+ edkdpgd+ ngdppbad dln eqob ejpa, Wjq odl edia g~ ds ~bjpjqhb jp sgevka ds wjq

kgia, ^basa sqpaws dssgs~ gl gnal~gcwglh dln vpgjpg~g}glh vpj`kaes ~bd~ args~ xg~bgl wjqp ojeeqlg~w, Gc wjq

bda jq~kglan wjqp gevdo~%kaak j`mao~gas iljxkanha+ d~~g~qnas+ sigkks+ dln àbdgjp wjq xdl~ ~j ejlg~jp'

edia sqpa wjq vkdoa tqas~gjls gl wjqp IVO ~bd~ dpa pakadl~ ~j ~bjsa j`mao~gas, Cjp ardevka gc jla jc wjqp

gevdo~%kaak j`mao~gas gs ~j glopadsa ~ba vapoal~dha jc obgknpal xbj dpa ojevka~akw doogld~an `w ~bagp

cgps~ `gp~bndw wjq xjqkn apgcw ~ba glcjped~gjl `w patqas~glh ~j saa ~ba doogld~gjl odpn jp `jjika~ dln

paojpn ~ba glcjped~gjl gl wjqp IVO sqpaw, ^bpjqhbjq~ ~ba kgca jc ~ba vpjmao~ wjq xgkk ejlg~jp ~bgs,

@dppgap Dldkwsgs @D' gs d pdvgn dssasseal~ ~jjk qsan gl ojeeqlg~w badk~b dln j~bap ojeeqlg~w

naakjveal~ vpjmao~s ~j gnal~gcw àbdgjpdk na~apegldl~s dssjogd~an xg~b d vdp~goqkdp àbdgjp sj ~bd~

ejpa accao~ga àbdgjp obdlha ojeeqlgod~gjl eassdhas dln sqvvjp~ do~gg~gas a,h,+ obdlhglh sjogdk

ljpes' odl à naakjvan,3

^bgs ea~bjn xds naakjvan `w Cjjn cjp ~ba Bqlhpw ~j naakjv xdws ~j

japojea `dppgap ~j àbdgjp obdlha, @abdgjpdk na~apegldl~s dpa padsjls xbw sjeajla njas jp njas lj~

nj d àbdgjp, Gl @dppgap Dldkwsgs vdp~gogvdl~s dpa dsian d sapgas jc tqas~gjls ~j gnal~gcw aghb~ na~apegldl~s

jp `dppgaps ~bd~ odl `kjoi vajvka cpje obdlhglh ~bagp àbdgjp, ^ba aghb~ na~apegldl~s dpa8=

4, Vapoagan _qsoav~g`gkg~w3

Cjjn cjp ~ba Bqlhpw+ @dppgap Dldkwsgs= D ^jjk cjp Gevpjglh @abdgjp Obdlha Ojeeqlgod~gjl+ Xa`sg~ab~~v=**`dppgapdldkwsgs,cbg,la~*xbd~Zgs*xbd~ZgsZ`dppgapZdldkwsgs,b~e8Cjp arvkdld~gjls jc xbd~ adob dppgap eadls pacap ~j ~ba @dppgap Dldkwsgs xa`sg~a jp ~ba @dppgap Dldkwsgs Cdogkg~d~jps Hqgna `w

Cjjn cjp ~ba Bqlhpw+ Nao 066>,


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40

0, Vapoagan _aapg~w?, Vapoagan Do~gjl Accgodow>, Vapoagan _jogdk Dooav~d`gkg~w1, Vapoagan _akc%Accgodow3, Oqas cjp Do~gjl8, Vapoav~gjl jc Nggla Xgkk2,

Vjsg~ga dln Lahd~ga D~~pg`q~as

Cjp ardevka wjq dpa ~adobglh ej~baps xg~b obgknpal qlnap 3 ejl~bs d`jq~ arokqsga `pads~caanglh, Wjq

ojea qvjl d ej~bap xbj hgas xd~ap ~j bap `d`w, _ba ~akks wjq bap ej~bap%gl%kdx sdws ~bd~ g~s gevjp~dl~

~j hga xd~ap ~j ~ba `d`w, Gc ~ba ej~bap%gl%kdx bds glckqaloa ~ba `d`ws ej~bap dln àkgaas ~bd~ hgglh

xd~ap ~j d `d`w qlnap 3 ejl~bs gs d hjjn gnad+ ~ba ej~bap xgkk hga xd~ap ~j bap `d`w, ^ba ej~bap àkgaas

~bd~ arokqsga `pads~caanglh gs lj~ d sjogdkkw dooav~d`ka àbdgjp gl bap bjqsabjkn dln ar~alnan cdegkw,

^bgs na~apegldl~ gs odkkan vapoagan sjogdk dooav~d`gkg~w dln xgkk vpaal~ bap cpje vpdo~goglh arokqsga

`pads~caanglh, @D gs d hpad~ ~jjk9 bjxaap g~s jlkw kgeg~an ~j s~qnwglh jla àbdgjp, Gc wjq xdl~ ~j s~qnw

ejpa ~bdl jla wjq eqs~ ojlnqo~ d savdpd~a @dppgap Dldkwsgs sqpaw cjp adob àbdgjp, Cjp ~ba @dppgap

Dldkwsgs sqpaw ~aevkd~a vkadsa saa Dllar GS,

Xbal ojlnqo~glh d sqpaw*tqas~gjlldgpa g~ gs gevapd~ga ~bd~ wjqp tqas~gjls dpa cjpean gl d xdw ~baw xgkk

à qlnaps~jjn, Asvaogdkkw gl pqpdk ojeeqlg~gas+ wjq eqs~ à salsg~ga ~j d vjvqkd~gjl ~bd~ gs cjp ~ba ejs~

vdp~ gkkg~apd~a dln qlanqod~an, Gl @algl+ gc wjq dpa dsiglh d`jq~ ~ba kds~ ~gea d xjedl bdn bap vapgjn+ wjq

eqs~ dsi bap xbal xds ~ba kds~ ~gea sba xdsban ~ba okj~b sba qsas xbal sba gs `kaanglh, _ba xgkk lj~

qlnaps~dln vapgjn+ eals~pqd~gjl+ ljp dlw j~bap ~aoblgodk ~ape qsan `w ~ba badk~b ojeeqlg~w, _vadi xg~b

wjqp kjodk badk~b xjpiaps xbj odl hga wjq ~ba pghb~ ~apegljkjhw ~j qsa gl wjqp ojeeqlg~w, Cjp sqpaw

gnads+ vkadsa saa Dllar GGG,

Dksj g~ gs ar~paeakw gevjp~dl~ ~j à oqk~qpdkkw salsg~ga, Gc wjq jp wjqp ojql~apvdp~ gs edka+ xjeal edw dsi

wjq ~j dnnpass ~bagp bqs`dlns dln ~bal wjq xjqkn vpjoaan ~j dsi ~bae ~ba tqas~gjls, ^bapa edw à j~bap

gls~dloas xbapa ~bapa gs d kdlhqdha `dppgap dln ag~bap d bqs`dln jp laghb`jp xjqkn ~pdlskd~a cjp wjq,

Xbgka wjq dpa ojlnqo~glh wjqp bjqsa%~j%bjqsa sqpaw+ g~ gs d hpad~ gnad ~j edv jq~ ~ba bjqsas, ^bgs xgkk

dkkjx wjq ~j glngod~a xbgob jlas bda @alacgogdpgas dln ~j gnal~gcw hpjqvs jc 46 bjqsabjkns, Gc ~bapa gs

ejpa ~bdl jla ~dpha~an xjedl gl d bjqsabjkn+ qsa wjqp hjjn mqnheal~ ~j gnal~gcw ~bae ~jha~bap jp ds

ngccapal~ bjqsabjkns,

^gvs=

Qsqdkkw d oalsqs gs odppgan jq~ `w VOSs+ ~bagp ojql~apvdp~s+ dln ojeeqlg~w kadnaps, Bjqsabjknsgl~apas~an gl vdp~gogvd~glh gl ~ba Odpa Hpjqv vpjhpde sbjqkn à pahgs~apan,

^ba pahgs~pd~gjl sbjqkn à paojpnan gl d pahgs~pd~gjl `jji, ^ba paojpn sbjqkn glokqna ~ba ldea+dnnpass+ dha+ lqeàp jc obgknpal dln ~bagp dhas+ gc ~ba xjedl gs vpahldl~+ a~o,+ gc ~ba xjeal gsgl~apas~an gl vdp~gogvd~glh gl ~ba vpjhpde,

Bjx dpa Odpa Hpjqvs Jphdlg}an:

Bjqsabjkns xg~b obgknpal ;1 wadps dln vpahldl~ xjeal dpa gnal~gcgan `w d oalsqs dln hpjqvan gl`kjois jc 46

2,

Jla jkql~aap Kadnap Ej~bap gs sakao~an cpje adob `kjoi gl d ojeeqlg~w9 sba gs pasvjlsg`ka cjpgsg~glh ~ba 46 BB gl bap `kjoi,

467 Kadnap Ej~baps cjpe d Odpa Hpjqv ~bd~ eaa~s ejl~bkw jp `gxaaikw,2

@kjois jc 46 dpa d sqhhas~gjl ~ba VOS dln bgs*bap ojql~apvdp~ sbjqkn dsoap~dgl+ gl ojkkd`jpd~gjl xg~b @alacgogdpgas+ ~ba

dvvpjvpgd~a lqeàp jc bjqsabjkns qlnap adob Kadnap Ej~baps odpa,7

_qhhas~an lqeàp jlkw navalns jl ojeeqlg~w dln odl pdlha cpje 1%41 Kadnap Ej~baps vap Odpa Hpjqv,


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4?

^ba Badk~b Vpjej~ap dln Oj%Vpjej~ap ~pdgls ~ba Kadnap Ej~baps nqpglh ~bagp Odpa Hpjqveaa~glhs+ ~adobglh kassjls ~bd~ ~baw vdss jl ~j ~ba @alacgogdpgas nqpglh bjea gsg~s,

Kadnap Ej~baps sbjqkn lj~ vdp~gogvd~a gl ejpa ~bdl jla Odpa Hpjqv,

VOS Sjkql~aaps )Ojql~apvdp~s

VOSjk /0

VOSjk /?

VOSjk /1

VOSjk /4VOSjk />

Adob VO Sjkql~aap # ~bagp

ojql~apvdp~ anqod~as dlnej~gd~as 4%? Odpa Hpjqvs,Adob Odpa Hpjqv bds 46

Kadnap Ej~baps,

Odpa

Hpjqvs46 Kadnap Ej~baps

46 Kadnap Ej~baps

46 Kadnap Ej~baps

Adob Kadnap Ej~bap anqod~as

dln ej~gd~as vpahldl~ xjealdln ej~baps xg~b obgknpal 6%1

wadps jc dha gl 46 bjqsabjkns

aapw ~xj xaais "~bal ejl~bkw',

46 cdegkgas

46 cdegkgas

46 cdegkgas

46 cdegkgas

46 cdegkgas

46 cdegkgas

46 cdegkgas

46 cdegkgas

46 cdegkgas

46 cdegkgas

Xg~b ~bgs ejnak+ jla VO Sjkql~aap dln ~bagp ojql~apvdp~odl ojap 466?66 Cdegkgas,

Odpa Hpjqvs eaa~ jloa aapw ~xj xaais jp jloa aapw ejl~b navalnglh jl ~ba sg}a jc ~ba vjvqkd~gjl ~ba

vpjmao~ ojaps dln vpjmao~ pasjqpoas, J`gjqskw+ ejpa jc~al aapw ~xj xaais gs `a~~ap gc jkql~aap

Kadnap Ej~baps dpa xgkkglh, ^basa eaa~glhs dpa cdogkg~d~an `w ~ba VOS xbj sapas ds ~ba oj%vpjej~ap dln

~ba VOS ojql~apvdp~ xbj sapas ds ~ba badk~b vpjej~ap, Eaa~glhs kds~ cjp d edrgeqe jc 0 bjqps, Nqpglh

~ba eaa~glhs+ hjdks dpa sa~ `w ~ba odpa hpjqv dln VOSs dln bgs*bap ojql~apvdp~ anqod~a ~ba Odpa Hpjqvs

~bpjqhb gsqdk dgns+ s~jpgas+ sjlhs+ ndloa+ a~o, ~j vpjej~a ~ba cjkkjxglh ~jvgos=

Lq~pg~gjl anqod~gjl @pads~ caanglh _qvvkaeal~dpw caanglh Vpjej~gjl jc Sg~degl D


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4>

Lq~pg~gjl nqpglh vpahldlow Vpjvap caanglh ~aoblgtqas

Badk~b anqod~gjl Edkdpgd _dlg~d~gjl dln Bwhgala Edldhglh ngdppbad

Geeqlg}d~gjls Pavpjnqo~ga badk~b dln cdegkw vkdllglh _arqdk ~pdlseg~~an ngsadsas dln BGS*DGN_

Gevjp~dloa jc hpjx~b ejlg~jpglh `d`w xaghbglh' dln vj~al~gdk laan cjp lq~pg~gjlpabd`gkg~d~gjl g,a, Vjsg~ga Nagdloa*Badp~b Ejnak'

Gevjp~dloa jc geeqlg}d~gjl Nd~d Ojkkao~gjl ~bpjqhb ap`dk pavjp~glh jc g~dk aal~s vpahldlogas+ `gp~bs+ nad~bs+ a~o' dln

gkklassas

Ngsoqssgjl jc vpjhpass dln obdkkalhas dln Ngsoqssgjl jc kassjls kadplan dln dk~apld~ga s~pd~ahgas Vaap sqvvjp~ dln ej~gd~gjl jooqps ~bpjqhbjq~ eaa~glhs

Kadnap Ej~baps gsg~ ~bagp `kjoi jc 46 xjeal nqpglh ~ba ~gea

à~xaal eaa~glhs, Adob Kadnap Ej~bap pa%~adobas ~ba ejl~bs

kassjl ~j ~ba xjeal+ qsglh gsqdk dgns xbal dvvkgod`ka, Kadnap

ej~baps odl dnnpass dlw ej~baps ojloapls geeangd~akw jp `pglh

~bae qv nqpglh ~ba eaa~glhs gc ~baw dpa qlsqpa jc bjx ~j nadk xg~b d

ngccgoqk~ sg~qd~gjl gc g~ gs d ~gea salsg~ga sg~qd~gjl sba edw saai jq~

~ba VOS gl bap ojeeqlg~w cjp dngoa',

Kadnap Ej~baps vpjej~a badk~b do~gg~gas ~j ~ba ojeeqlg~w sqob ds

~ba cjkkjxglh= Hpjx~b ejlg~jpglh `d`w xaghbglh' Lq~pg~gjl pabd`gkg~d~gjl g,a, Vjsg~ga Nagdloa*Badp~b Ejnak' Geeqlg}d~gjl Odevdghls

Iaw Do~jps gl ~ba Odpa Hpjqv Ejnak=

VOSs sapa ds oj%vpjej~aps Badk~b Vpjej~aps VOS ojql~apvdp~s Kadnap Ej~baps @alacgogdpw Ej~baps

Pjka jc ~ba Badk~b Vpjej~aps

^ba vpgedpw pjka jc ~ba badk~b vpjej~aps gs ~j ~pdgl Kadnap Ej~baps jl svaogcgo ed~apldk dln obgkn badk~b

~jvgos, ^baw kga gl ~ba ojeeqlg~gas gl xbgob ~baw sapa sj ~baw odl `j~b cdogkg~d~a ~ba as~d`kgsbeal~ jc

~ba Odpa Hpjqvs dln edgl~dgl pakd~gjlsbgvs xg~b ojeeqlg~w kadnaps, ^ba badk~b vpjej~aps dpa pasvjlsg`ka

cjp naakjvglh anqod~gjl ed~apgdks sqob ds ckgv obdp~s+ sjlhs dln sig~s ~bd~ xgkk à qsan `w ~ba Odpa Hpjqvs,

^baw `j~b ~pdgl dln sqvapgsa Kadnap Ej~baps,

Vpjej~aps dpa arvao~an ~j padn ~bjpjqhbkw ~ba sassgjls àcjpabdln dln sbjqkn à xakk apsan jl ~ba ~jvgo~bd~ ~baw dpa ~j ~adob ~ba Kadnap Ej~baps, ^ba vpjej~ap sbjqkn à d`ka ~j padob ~ba sg~a vpgjp ~j ~ba

eaa~glh ~j jphdlg}a ~ba eaa~glh vkdoa dln eaa~ dln ojjpngld~a xg~b ~ba Oj%Vpjej~ap a,h,+ naognglh xbj


15/37

41

xgkk ~adob xbd~ vdp~ jc ~ba sassgjl', Bapa gs d kgs~ jc ~bglhs ~bd~ dpa arvao~an ~j à doojevkgsban `w ~ba

vpjej~ap=

j ^dia d~~alndloa+ paojpnglh g~ gl ~ba Odpa Hpjqv Pahgs~ap, Odkk adob vapsjl `w ldea dln edpi jl~ba d~~alndloa sbaa~ cjp ~bjsa xbj sbjxan qv ~j ~ba eaa~glh,

j Dsi vdp~gogvdl~s d`jq~ ~bagp ndw+ ~ba vds~ ndws sgloa wjq bdn d eaa~glh xg~b ~bae+ dln dlw j~bappakadl~ tqas~gjls d`jq~ ~bagp ojeeqlg~w+ sobjjk jp obqpob ~j opad~a pdvvjp~,

j Dsi ~bae ~j vpjgna d pavjp~ jl ~bagp kds~ ejl~bs vapcjpedloa, Bjx edlw ej~baps gl ~bagp hpjqvbda ~baw ~pdglan+ bjx edlw bda lj~ àal padoban dln xbw+ obdkkalhas ~baw bdn+ tqas~gjls ~bd~

eghb~ bda pgsal `w ~bagp àlacgogdpw ej~baps+ ~ba dlsxaps ~baw bda vpjgnan+ a~o, Paojpn gl ~ba

Odpa Hpjqv pahgs~ap xbgob ej~baps xapa padoban,

j Dsi vdp~gogvdl~s ~j pagax xbd~ xds ngsoqssan nqpglh ~ba kds~ eaa~glh,j Hj ~bpjqhb vapcjpedloa hpjqvs dssghleal~s sqob ds sig~s+ eqsgo+ a~o,+ hgal nqpglh ~ba vpagjqs

xaai,

j Dlsxap tqas~gjls pdgsan `w ~ba hpjqv nqpglh ~ba vpagjqs sassgjl,j ^pdgl ~ba Kadnap Ej~baps jl ~ba ndws sassgjl,j âkk ~ba Kadnap Ej~baps xbgob vdp~s jc ~ba sassgjl ~baw sbjqkn nj d~ d eglgeqe' xg~b ~bagp

àlacgogdpw ej~baps,

j D~ ~ba aln jc ~ba ~pdglglh dsi ~bae ~j svkg~ gl ~j hpjqvs jc ? Kadnap Ej~baps dln vpdo~goa hjglhjap xbd~ ~baw xgkk nj gl ~bagp hpjqvs, J~bap eaeàps ~ba j~bap ~bpaa' sbjqkn hga caan`doi,

^dia ~qpls, ^ba Vpjej~ap sbjqkn hj dpjqln ~j adob hpjqv ~j j`sapa ~bae+ hga ojdobglh+ dln

dlsxap dlw tqas~gjls ~baw eghb~ bda,

j @acjpa ojlokqnglh ~ba ndws sassgjl+ dsi ~ba hpjqv gc ~baw bda dlw tqas~gjls jl ~ba sassgjl, Gc~baw nj lj~ xdl~ ~j dsi ~ba tqas~gjl gl ~ba vpasaloa jc j~baps+ paegln ~bae ~j qsa ~ba tqas~gjl

`jr d~ dlw ~gea nqpglh ~ba xaai,

j Hga dssghleal~s cjp ~ba lar~ eaa~glh dln iaav d paojpn jc ~bjsa hgal ~ba dssghleal~, Paegln~bae jc ~ba ndw dln ~gea cjp ~ba lar~ eaa~glh,

Paeaeàpnjl~ aroaan ~ba arvao~an ~gea dkkj~~an cjp ~ba eaa~glh dln edia sqpa ~bd~ ~ba ~pdglglh gs ds

cpgalnkw ds g~ ojqkn vjssg`kw à,

Pjka jc ~ba VOS "Oj%Vpjej~aps'

^ba pjkas dln pasvjlsg`gkg~gas jc VOS*Oj%vpjej~aps dpa ds cjkkjxs=

4, VOSs dssgs~ ~ba Badk~b Vpjej~ap gl ej`gkg}glh Odpa hpjqvs ~j d~~aln pahqkdp eaa~glhs+ dln ojlnqo~cjkkjx%qv gsg~ xg~b Kadnap Ej~baps xbj egss eaa~glhs

0, Dssgs~ gl ~ba naakjveal~ jc anqod~gjldk ed~apgdks sqob ds ckgv obdp~s+ sjlhs dln sig~s ~bd~ xgkk àqsan `w ~ba Odpa Hpjqvs,

?, ^baw vdp~gogvd~a gl ejl~bkw eaa~glhs dln oj%cdogkg~d~a ~pdglglhs,>, ^baw sapa ds dl jl%sg~a ojlsqk~dl~ cjp Kadnap Ej~baps gl odsa d KE alojql~aps dlw vpj`kae ds

~baw ~pdgl ~bagp okqs~ap jc 46 àlacgogdpw ej~baps+

1, ^baw do~gakw vdp~gogvd~a gl oj%cdogkg~d~glh ojeeqlg~w ngdkjhqa dln j~bap do~gg~gas jc ~ba vpjmao~sqob ds `d`w xaghbglhs+ VN*Badp~b+ ojjiglh naejls~pd~gjls+ a~o,

3, ^baw dssgs~ gl sqvapgsglh dln ejlg~jpglh ~ba xjpis jc Kadnap Ej~baps,

^ba badk~b vpjej~ap dln oj%vpjej~ap VOS dln ~bagp ojql~apvdp~' sbjqkn eaa~ jloa d ejl~b ~j ngsoqssdln vkdl cjp do~gg~gas cjp ~ba ejl~b, ^baw sbjqkn dksj eaa~ ~ba ndw àcjpa dln ndw dc~ap ~ba Odpa Hpjqv,


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_akao~glh Kadnap Ej~baps

Jloa wjqp oalsqs gs ojevka~an dln wjqp ~dpha~an àlacgogdpgas dpa gnal~gcgan wjq dpa padnw ~j sakao~ Kadnap

Ej~baps, @ahgl `w hpjqvglh ~ba bjqsabjkns gl ~als `dsan jl vpjrgeg~w, Gc xbal ojevka~glh wjqp oalsqs+

~xj ej~baps saaean apw gl~apas~an gl àojeglh Kadnap Ej~baps jp gc ~baw xapa paojeealnan `w

ojeeqlg~w kadnaps+ wjqp ojql~apvdp~+ a~o,+ ~pw ~j nggna ~ba sdgn odlngnd~as gl~j ~xj ngccapal~ hpjqvs, Dksj

à dxdpa jc okqs~aps jc ngccapal~ a~blgog~gas dln ~pw ~j iaav ~bae gl ~ba sdea hpjqv,

Lar~+ d~ d ~gea xbal ejs~ xjeal xjqkn à bjea dln d`ka ~j svdpa d cax eglq~as+ hj ~j ~ba bjqsabjkns

dln glg~a ~ba xjeal ~j eaa~ gl ~ba okqs~ap jc ~al ~bd~ wjq bdn objsal, Nqpglh ~ba eaa~glh arvkdgl ~ba

vpjmao~ dhdgl+ ~ba hjdks+ dln ~ba pasvjlsg`gkg~gas jc ~ba Kadnap Ej~bap, G~ gs gevjp~dl~ ~bd~ wjq arvkdgl ~bd~

~ba Kadnap Ej~bap eqs~ à ddgkd`ka dln ej~gd~an9 sba njas lj~ bda ~j à kg~apd~a, J~bap iaw

ojevjlal~s dpa=

Eqs~ à dooav~d`ka ~j ~ba ~dpha~ hpjqv akao~an `w ~ba hpjqv, Vapsjldkg~w ojlnqoga cjp ~pdglglh dln ~ba xjpi ~baw xgkk à njglh Vjsg~ga d~~g~qna dln nasgpa ~j sapa laghb`jps Ej~gd~an ~j àojea dln s~dw gljkan D`gkg~w ~j ojeeqlgod~a okadpkw dln vapsqdsgakw Hjjn vapsjldk sigkks+ glokqnglh kgs~alglh sigkks _jogj%oqk~qpdk `doihpjqln sgegkdp ~j ~bd~ jc ~ba ~dpha~ hpjqv Ljlmqnheal~dk d~~g~qna _~pjlhkw ej~gd~an ~j xjpi ~jxdpn gevpjglh ed~apldk dln obgkn badk~b _akc ojlcgnal~ xg~b vj~al~gdk cjp kadnapsbgv Bda ~ba ~gea dln alaphw ~j naj~a ~j ~bgs xjpi

Bda ~ba hpjqv edia d naogsgjl ~jha~bap dln edia sqpa ~ba sakao~an Kadnap Ej~bap gs xgkkglh ~j dooav~

~bgs pjka, Glcjpe bap jc ~ba nd~a+ ~gea+ dln kjod~gjl jc bap cgps~ Odpa Hpjqv eaa~glh,

Gc wjq dpa gl d kdphap ojeeqlg~w g~ edw lj~ à cadsg`ka ~j ojlnqo~ d oalsqs `w hjglh ~j adob glnggnqdk

bjqsabjkn dln eaa~ xg~b ~ba sakao~an okqs~aps jc 46 bjqsabjkns, Gl d odsa sqob ds ~bgs+ wjq edw objjsa ~j

bjkn d ojeeqlg~w eaa~glh dln alojqpdha gl~apas~an xjeal ~j d~~aln, Nqpglh ~bgs eaa~glh wjq xgkk

arvkdgl ~ba vpjmao~+ g~s hjdks dln àlacg~s gevpjglh obgkn badk~b gl ~ba ojeeqlg~w'+ dln ~ba

pasvjlsg`gkg~gas jc Kadnap Ej~baps ~gea ojeeg~eal~s+ arvao~d~gjls+ dln ~bd~ g~ gs d jkql~aap vjsg~gjl g,a,

lj vdw',^dia ~ba ldeas jc vj~al~gdk Kadnap Ej~baps+ `q~ hdgl glsghb~ cpje wjqp ojql~apvdp~+ kjodk

ojeeqlg~w badns+ dln ~ba xjeal gl ~ba ojeeqlg~w àcjpa objjsglh ~ba Kadnap Ej~baps, Xbal d naogsgjl

gs ea~+ glcjpe ~ba Kadnap Ej~bap dln ojlcgpe ~bd~ sba xgkkglhkw ~dias qvjl ~bgs pjka,

Pjka jc Kadnap Ej~baps

Vdp~gogvd~a gl dkk eaa~glhs jc bap Odpa Hpjqv Iaav paojpns jc ~ba àlacgogdpw ej~baps sba ~adobas Xjpi jl dssghleal~s hgal ~j bap `w ~ba vpjej~ap* oj%vpjej~ap pakd~an ~j ~ba anqod~gjl sassgjl

ba* sba gs ojapglh a,h, sig~s+ sjlhs+ a~o' nqpglh ~ba Odpa Hpjqv ~pdglglh sassgjls

@a pasvjlsg`ka cjp ~adobglh dgns dln j~bap ed~apgdks hgal ~j bap `w ~ba vpjmao~ cjp ~ba vqpvjsa jc~ba vpjmao~ do~gg~w,

âdob ~ba àlacgogdpw ej~baps cjp xbgob sba gs pasvjlsg`ka ~ba ejl~bkw sassgjls vpjgnan ~j bap,Edia sqpa ~bd~ dkk ~ba eaeàps dpa padoban xg~b ~ba sassgjl jc ~ba ejl~b,

@a ddgkd`ka cjp ojqlsakglh dln ngsoqssgjls pakd~an ~j ~ba vpjmao~ xg~b ~ba àlacgogdpw ej~baps dlniaav ojlcgnal~gdkg~w jc ~basa ngsoqssgjls aroav~ sbdpglh ~bgs glcjped~gjl xg~b ~ba oj%vpjej~ap*

vpjej~ap,


17/37

48

@pglh tqas~gjls pdgsan `w ~ba àlacgogdpw ej~baps ~bd~ sba odllj~ dlsxap' ~j ~ba oj%vpjej~ap jpvpjej~ap dln sq`satqal~kw vpjgna ~ba Vpjej~ap*Oj%vpjej~aps pasvjlsa ~j ~ba àlacgogdpw

ej~baps,

Vpjgna pavjp~s jpdk' jc bap do~gg~gas ~j ~ba vpjej~ap jp oj%vpjej~ap nqpglh pahqkdp eaa~glhs, Vpjgna dlw pakadl~ glcjped~gjl ~bd~ xjqkn bakv ~j eaa~ ~ba vpjmao~ j`mao~gas ~j ~ba vpjej~ap

dln oj%vpjej~ap,

@a d ejnak ~j bap hpjqv,As~d`kgsbglh dln xjpiglh ~bpjqhb ~ba Odpa Hpjqvs

Bjkn dl Jvalglh Oapaejlw

Dl jvalglh oapaejlw gs lj~ opqogdk ~j ~ba sqooass jc Odpa

Hpjqvs, Bjxaap+ d oapaejlw araevkgcgas ~ba sqvvjp~ jc ~ba

ojeeqlg~w dln ~ba kahg~gedow jc ~ba vpjmao~, Nqpglh ~ba

oapaejlw+ ~ba Kadnap Ej~baps dpa gl~pjnqoan dln hgal d

~jial jc dvvpaogd~gjl, D vgaoa jc cd`pgo+ `dnha+ jp oap~gcgod~aalojqpdhas ~ba Kadnap Ej~baps ~bd~ ~baw dpa g~dk ~j ~ba

vpjmao~s sqooass,

^ba Cgps~ Odpa Hpjqv Eaa~glh dln ^bjsa ~j Cjkkjx

Xbal sobanqkglh ~ba cgps~ Odpa Hpjqv eaa~glh+ à sqpa ~j sakao~ d ~gea ~bd~ ejs~ xjeal xgkk à ddgkd`ka,

Djgn edpia~ ndws+ bjkgndws+ dln ~ba bjqps xbal xjeal dpa `qsw gl ~ba cgakn jp njglh bjqsabjkn objpas

Pacap ~j wjqp VDOD pasqk~s ~j na~apegla ~ba às~ ~gea, Gc wjq bda lj~ njla sj+ ~bgs gs d hpad~ ~gea ~j

ojlnqo~ VDOD gl wjqp ojeeqlg~w, Jloa wjq bda dhpaan jl d ndw+ ~gea dln vkdoa+ wjq edw bda ~j paegln

Kadnap Ej~baps kjod~gjl ndw jp ~xj àcjpa ~ba eaa~glh,

Nqpglh ~ba eaa~glh pa%gl~pjnqoa wjqpsakc dln wjqp ojql~apvdp~ dln ~ba j`mao~gas jc Odpa Hpjqvs, Pagax

~ba pjkas dln pasvjlsg`gkg~gas jc adob Kadnap Ej~bap dln dlsxap dlw tqas~gjls ~bd~ edw dpgsa, Ds d hpjqv

ngsoqss dln naakjv hjdks, Gc ~ba Kadnap Ej~baps hga ~bagp glsghb~ gl~j xbd~ ~ba ojeeqlg~w laans ~baw xgkk

à ejpa kgiakw ~j do~gakw padob ~jxdpn j`~dglglh ~ba hjdks, Alojqpdhglh Kadnap Ej~baps ~j vpjgna

ojl~pg`q~gjls glopadsas ~bagp ~ade xjpiglh d`gkg~gas dln la~xjpiglh+ ~bqs naopadsas ~bagp navalnalow jl

~ba Badk~b Vpjej~aps,46

Nqpglh ~ba cgps~ 4 jp 0 Odpa Hpjqv sassgjls+ ~ba Badk~b Vpjej~ap # ~ba VOS ~pdgls Kadnap Ej~baps jl ~ba

vpjmao~ j`mao~gas dln ~bagp pjka gl ~ba vpjhpde, ^bgs gs assal~gdk ~j djgn qllaoassdpw arvao~d~gjls cpje

~ba Kadnap Ej~baps gl ~ba cq~qpa, G~ gs dngsd ka ~j gljka ojeeqlg~w kadnaps gl ~basa eaa~glhs, Gl

dnng~gjl ~j kadplglh d`jq~ ~ba vqpvjsa jc ~ba hpjqv+ ~baw eqs~ à dxdpa jc bjx ~bagp ojl~pg`q~gjl ~j ~bavpjhpde xjqkn bakv ~j panqoa ~ba edhlg~qna jc Edkdpgd gl ~bagp vpjmao~ sg~as dln jp j~bap badk~b

àbdgjps', Dejlh j~baps ~bglhs+ xa laan ~j aevbdsg}a ~ba cjkkjxglh gl ~bgs eaa~glh=

4, ^ba japdkk j`mao~gas jc ~ba vpjmao~ dln ~bagp pjka ds jkql~aaps90, Kadnap Ej~bap ds d pjka ejnak cjp bap hpjqv= Gl ~bagp lax pjka ds arvap~s dln dhal~s jc obdlha gl

salsg~ga sq`mao~s+ vaap anqod~jps xgkk arvjsa ~baesakas ~j ~ba jvglgjls jc j~baps, ^baw xgkk à dsian

vapsjldk dln ojevkgod~an tqas~gjls cpje cpgalns dln vaaps dln hgal ~ba pasvjlsg`gkg~w jc dlsxapglh

xg~b dooqpd~a+ qv%~j%nd~a glcjped~gjl jp vpjgnglh vpjcassgjldk pacappdks, Gl dnng~gjl+ ~baw xgkk à hgal

46Xjpkn Pakgac, ^ba Odpa Hpjqv Ngccapaloa= D Hqgna ^j Ej`gkg}glh Ojeeqlg~w%@dsan Sjkql~aap Badk~b Anqod~jps,

066>, V, >7


18/37

42

~ba pasvjlsg`gkg~w jc edgl~dglglh ojlcgnal~gdkg~w ojloaplglh xbd~ ~baw badp dln vpassqpa ~j vpdo~goa

xbd~ ~baw vpadob,

?, ^ba gevjp~dloa jc sbdpglh ~bagp ojloapls dln obdkkalhas xg~b ~ba badk~b vpjej~ap>, Pavjp~glh ~bagp vapcjpedloa ~j ~ba badk~b vpjej~ap,1, Eaa~glh vpjoanqpas eaa~glh xg~b ~ba ej~baps ~baw pavpasal~ dln eaa~glh xg~b ~ba Badk~b Vpjej~ap

nqpglh ~pdglglh sassgjls'= Padobglh dkk àlacgogdpw ej~baps dln ~ba tqdkg~w jc ~ba eassdha,

3, Halapdk japgax jc ~ba Kassjls ~bd~ xgkk à ojapan nqpglh ~ba Odpa Hpjqv eaa~glhs edkdpgd+lq~pg~gjl+ BGS*DGN_ a~o,

8, Badk~b Vpjej~aps ejlg~jpglh Kadnap Ej~bap vapcjpedloa2, J~baps= sakao~glh alqa cjp ~ba eaa~glh+ nd~as dln ~gea_a~ sbdpan hjdks cjp ~ba odpa hpjqv ~j dobgaa ~jha~bap pd~bap ~bdl sa~~glh savdpd~a hjdks cjp glnggnqdk

jkql~aaps,44

Xjpiglh ~jha~bap ~jxdpns sbdpan hjdks glopadsas ~ba odpa hpjqvs kgiakgbjjn jc bdglh hpad~ap

ojeeg~eal~ dln sqvvjp~ gl padobglh ~bjsa hjdks ds xakk ds opad~as d salsa jc sjkgndpg~w dejlh ~ba hpjqv,

_gloa dkk Kadnap Ej~baps dpa vdp~ jc d odpa hpjqv+ hjdks sa~ cjp ~ba odpa hpjqv dksj sa~ cjp ~bae, _jea

ardevkas dpa dkk Kadnap Ej~baps eqs~ bda d kd~pgla+ ~dpha~an bjqsabjkns xg~b obgknpal qlnap ~ba dha jc 0

d~~aln ejl~bkw `d`w xaghbglh sassgjls+ jp dkk xjeal bda ~bagp obgknpal geeqlg}an, @a opad~ga gl wjqphjdk sa~~glh+ `q~ paeaeàp ~j à padkgs~go, Vapbdvs sjea jc ~ba hjdks sa~ xjl~ à j`~dglan ql~gk dc~ap wjqp

VO sapgoa,

^ba Badk~b Vpjej~aps VOS dln Ojql~apvdp~' xgkk hga dl jpdk tqg} d~ ~ba aln jc adob sassgjl jl ~ba

ojl~al~ jc ~ba kassjl hgal ~j ~ba odpa hpjqv, Ds d hpjqv sa~ qv ~ba ~gea dln kjod~gjl cjp ~ba lar~ eaa~glh,

Nqpglh ~ba eaa~glhs+ pagax ~ba sbdpan hjdks dln ~ba vpjhpass ~bd~ gs àglh edna, Ngsoqss dlw ngccgoqk~gas+

hga jpdk tqg}}as+ alojqpdha hpjqv ngsoqssgjls dln ~ba ~adobglh jc jla dlj~bap, @a opad~ga nqpglh

eaa~glhs `w qsglh gsqdk dgns+ sjlhs+ sig~s+ ndloa+ a~o ~j alsqpa ~ba kassjls dpa kadplan,

Bjqsabjkn Sgsg~s

Kadnap Ej~baps dpa pasvjlsg`ka ~j edia bjqsabjkn gsg~s ~j adob

jc ~ba xjeal gl bap okqs~ap, Nqpglh ~ba bjqsabjkn gsg~ sba xgkk pa%

~adob ~ba kassjls kadplan nqpglh ~ba Odpa Hpjqv eaa~glhs bakn

xg~b ~ba VOS, _ba edw qsa gsqdk dgns jp naejls~pd~gjls g,a,

xdsbglh bdlns', Nqpglh bap ~gea xg~b adob ej~bap+ sba sbjqkn

lj~a dlw j`sapd~gjls sba xjqkn kgia ~j dnnpass d~ ~ba lar~

eaa~glh+ g~dk s~d~gs~gos sqob ds d lax vpahldlow+ nad~bs+ eja+

a~o, _ba sbjqkn dkkjx ~ba xjeal ~j caak ojecjp~d`ka gl bap

vpasaloa dln dkkjx ~bae ~j arvpass dlw ojloapls jp badk~b pakd~an

tqas~gjls ~baw edw bda,

Ojl~glqd~gjl jc Odpa Hpjqv Eaa~glh dln Do~gg~w Gnads

Nqpglh ~ba eaa~glhs+ pagax ~ba sbdpan hjdks dln ~ba vpjhpass ~bd~ gs àglh edna, Ngsoqss dlw ngccgoqk~gas+

hga jpdk tqg}}as+ alojqpdha hpjqv ngsoqssgjls dln ~ba ~adobglh jc jla dlj~bap, Qsa gsqdk dgns+ sig~s+

sjlhs, Gl~pjnqoa dln vpjej~a jq~sgna do~gg~gas sqob ds hpjx~b ejlg~jpglh+ geeqlg}d~gjls+ jp VN Badp~b,

Gc wjq bda naognan ~j hga gloal~gas sqob ds `dnhas jp xpdv vdhla' ~baw dpa d hpad~ xdw ~j paojhlg}a ~ba

accjp~s jc Kadnap Ej~baps, Nqpglh d eaa~glh gc ~ba Kadnap Ej~bap dlsxapan d tqas~gjl pghb~+ wjq odl

paxdpn bap `w vkdoglh d s~dp s~goiap jl bap `dnha jp opad~glh d vjgl~ sws~ae ~bd~ odl à panaaean+ ediglh

44G`gn, v, >7


19/37

47

sqpa ~j hga adob Kadnap Ej~bap d obdloa ~j dlsxap tqas~gjls ojppao~kw, ^bgs dksj vpjej~as ~ba

vdp~gogvd~gjl jc dkk Kadnap Ej~baps,

Ejlg~jpglh dln Adkqd~gjl

Ejlg~jpglh dln adkqd~gjl E#A' gs assal~gdk cjp d sqooasscqk

vpjmao~, Ejlg~jpglh ~akks qs gc jqp vpjmao~ gs jl ~pdoi dln ediglhvpjhpass+ xbgka adkqd~gjl ~akk qs gc ~ba vpjmao~ gs jl ~ba pghb~ ~pdoi

dln bdglh ~ba gevdo~ xa bdn bjvan cjp, E#A eqs~ à vkdllan

cpje ~ba s~dp~+ lj~ ds dl dc~ap~bjqhb~, @acjpa wjq s~dp~ wjqp

vpjmao~+ dsi wjqpsakc dln wjqp ojql~apvdp~ saapdk tqas~gjls=

Xbd~ dsvao~s jc ~ba vpjmao~ xgkk wjq xdl~ ~j ~pdoi jpejlg~jp:

Bjx xgkk wjq nj ~bd~: Jloa ~ba aal~ bds ~dial vkdoa+ xbd~ xgkk wjq xdl~ ~j

adkqd~a:

Bjx xgkk wjq hj d`jq~ ~bd~:Gl cdo~+ ~ba apw do~ jc njglh ~ba ejlg~jpglh dln adkqd~gjl vkdl vqsbas qs ~j ~bgli bdpnap dln àojeaokadpap jl jqp vpjmao~ hjdks dln j`mao~gas ~bdl xa eghb~ bda j~bapxgsa,

@akjx gs d obdp~ `dsan jl ~ba Odpa Hpjqvs vpjmao~ gl Ej}de`gtqa xbgob xgkk hga wjq dl gnad jl bjx ~j

jphdlg}a wjqp ejlg~jpglh dln adkqd~glh sws~ae,

EA^BJNJKJHW XBJ OJKKAO^_

ND^D

XBD^ ND^D

EAD_QPA_

BJX ND^D G_

Q_AN

CPATQALOW # ^GEA

OJEEGÊAL^

Bjqsabjkn Ojql~

Ojql~ jc

@alacgogdpw

bjqsabjkns #ngpao~

@alacgogdpgas

4' Badk~b

Vpjej~ap # Oj%

Vpjej~ap0' Ojeeqlg~w

O_D+ O_O+ OV_+

LHJ'

Lqeàp jc

@alacgogdpgas

4' Lqeàp jc

Kadnap Ej~baps

laanan0' Lqeàp jc

`kjois jc

bjqsabjkns

@ahgllglh dln

egnnka jc vpjmao~

^gea ojeeg~eal~dpgas

Ejl~bkw Odpa Hpjqvs _~d~gs~gos

Kadnap Ej~baps

jpdkkw pavjp~ g~dk

aal~s jc ~bagp

bjqsabjkns

Badk~b Vpjej~ap

# Oj%Vpjej~ap

pavjp~ ~j

ojeeqlg~w

4' Kadnap

Ej~baps

0' Badk~b

Vpjej~ap # Oj%

Vpjej~ap

?' Ojeeqlg~w

Sg~dk s~d~gs~gos

sqob ds `gp~bs+

nad~bs+

vpahldlogas+ a~o,

4' Ngsoqss gl Odpa

Hpjqv Eaa~glhs

0' _bdpa pasqk~s

xg~b ojeeqlg~w

Ejl~bkw9 pavjp~glh

# ~d`qkd~gjl 5 ?6

egls, nqpglh Odpa

Hpjqv Eaa~glh

Pavjp~glh 5 ?6 egls

nqpglh ojeeqlg~w

eaa~glh

Cgakn Sgsg~s

Doojevdlw

Kadnap Ej~baps

jl bjea gsg~s

Badk~b Vpjej~ap

# Oj%Vpjej~ap

Kadnap Ej~baps

Vapcjpedloa

4' ^pdoi

accao~galass jc

Kadnap Ej~baps

0' Pa%adkqd~a

~adobglh

s~pd~ahgas

?' _bdpa pasqk~s

glnggnqdkkw

Ejl~bkw*`gxaaikw

4 xaai cjp nd~d

ojkkao~gjl #

~d`qkd~gjl

Ojlnqo~glh d `dsakgla sqpaw gs assal~gdk gl ejlg~jpglh dln adkqd~glh wjqp vpjmao~, ^baw xgkk hga wjq d

s~dp~glh vjgl~ dln dl japdkk vgo~qpa jc ~ba badk~b jc wjqp ojeeqlg~w, Ejs~ gevjp~dl~+ wjq xgkk ojevdpa

~bd~ glcjped~gjl xg~b ~ba glcjped~gjl ~bd~ wjq xgkk paoaga nqpglh ~ba kgca jc ~ba vpjmao~, ^bgs xgkk hga wjq d

hpad~ vgo~qpa jc xbgob j`mao~gas bda àal ea~ dln xbd~ wjq laan ~j pa%adkqd~a, Wjq edw dnn j~bapcjpes jc ejlg~jpglh dln adkqd~glh ea~bjns kgia jla%jl%jla sqpaws+ cjoqs hpjqvs+ jp kjodk pdvgn

dssasseal~s KPD', KPD gs d saheal~ jc wjqp `dsakgla sqpaw ~bd~ gs qsan ~j sdevka pdlnje bjqsabjkns gl


20/37


21/37

04

^ba cjkkjxglh obdp~ sbjxs ~ba ckjx jc glcjped~gjl gl d Odpa Hpjqv Vpjmao~

Odpa Hpjqvs hd~bap glcjped~gjl cpje ~ba @alacgogdpgas dln vdssas jl ~ba glcjped~gjl ~j ~ba Badk~b

Vpjej~ap dln Oj%Vpjej~ap nqpglh ~ba ejl~bkw*`gxaaikw Odpa Hpjqv eaa~glhs, ^ba Badk~b Vpjej~ap dln

Oj%Vpjej~ap dooqeqkd~a dkk ~ba glcjped~gjl cpje aapw Odpa Hpjqv ~baw sqvapgsa, ^ba dhhpahd~an

glcjped~gjl gs ~bal vpasal~an ~j ~ba Oal~pa na _dl~+ Oal~pa na Vpjej~gjl _jogdka+ Badk~b LHJ+ jp j~bap

jphdlg}d~gjl ~bd~ xgkk àlacg~ cpje ~ba glcjped~gjl, ^basa jphdlg}d~gjls dkjlh xg~b ~ba Odpa Hpjqvs sbdpa

~ba glcjped~gjl xg~b ~ba ojeeqlg~w kadnaps, Glcjped~gjl ckjxs `doi dln cjp~b à~xaal ~ba Oal~pa na

_dl~+ ~ba ojeeqlg~w kadnaps dln ~ba Badk~b Vpjej~aps, Glcjped~gjl dksj ckjxs njxlxdpn cpje ~ba Badk~b

Vpjej~aps ~j ~ba Odpa Hpjqvs dln cpje ~ba Odpa Hpjqvs njxl ~j ~ba @alacgogdpgas, Paeaeàp ~bgs obdp~ gs

mqs~ ~j hga wjq dl gnad jc bjx glcjped~gjl odl à sbdpan, Dndv~ ~ba obdp~ sj ~bd~ g~ às~ sqg~s wjqp

ojeeqlg~w,

Kgliglh ~j Badk~b _apgoas dln ~ba Ojeeqlg~w

Odpa Hpjqvs cqlo~gjl às~ xbal ~baw dpa kglian ~j hpjqvs gl ~ba ojeeqlg~w ~bd~ vq`kgokw sqvvjp~ dln ~dia

vdp~ gl ~bagp xjpi,40

Xba~bap wjq xjpi d~ ~ba Oal~pa na _dl~+ ~ba Oal~pa na Vpjej~gjl _jogdka jp d~ dl

LHJ+ wjq odl glojpvjpd~a ~basa gevjp~dl~ hpjqvs gl~j wjqp vpjmao~, _bdpglh glcjped~gjl xg~b ~ba

ojeeqlg~w xgkk glopadsa ojeeqlg~w gljkaeal~ gl ~ba sqooass jc Odpa Hpjqvs, ^baw xgkk paojhlg}a ~ba

vjsg~ga gevdo~ Odpa Hpjqvs bda dln vpjgna vq`kgo sqvvjp~, Vpdgsa cpje ~ba ojeeqlg~w pdgsas Kadnap

Ej~baps sakc%as~aae dln bakvs ojlgloa ~bae ~bd~ ~bagp xjpi gs gevjp~dl~,

Gl jpnap ~j `qgkn kglis à~xaal Odpa Hpjqvs dln ~ba ~basa ojeeqlg~w hpjqvs glg~a badk~b xjpiaps+ oal~ap

s~dcc+ dln LHJ s~dcc ~j wjqp glg~gdk Odpa Hpjqv eaa~glhs jp eaa~ xg~b ~bae d~ ~bagp vkdoa jc xjpi, Arvkdgl~ba vpjmao~ hjdks dln j`mao~gas+ arvao~d~gjls jc pjka vkdwaps gl ~ba vpjmao~+ dln dsi ~bae dlw sqhhas~gjls

~baw edw bda cjp ~ba vpjmao~ dln bjx ~baw odl ojl~pg`q~a, _jea~geas g~s às~ ~j bda dl gnad jc xbd~

wjq xdl~ ~bae ~j ojl~pg`q~a sqob ds iljxkanha d`jq~ ~ba badk~b sws~ae+ gsqdk dgns+ jp sgevkw ~bagp

arvap~gsa jl d badk~b ~jvgo,

@qgknglh Pakd~gjlsbgvs xg~b ~ba Oal~pa na _dl~

Odpa Hpjqvs dnjod~a cjp ~ba ojeeqlg~w `w `pglhglh glcjped~gjl ~j ~ba Oal~pa na _dl~ xbgka ~baw dksj

dssgs~ ~ba Oal~pa na _dl~ gl vpjej~glh badk~b sapgoas dln do~gg~gas, _gloa Odpa Hpjqvs dpa ojls~dl~kw

xjpiglh xg~bgl ~ba ojeeqlg~w ~baw bda cgps~bdln iljxkanha d`jq~ ojeeqlg~w laans, Eaa~glh pahqkdpkw

xg~b badk~b vpjgnaps+ Odpa Hpjqvs odl vpasal~ ~bagp cglnglhs ~j ~ba Oal~pa na _dl~a dln à vdp~ jc ~ba

40Xjpkn Pakgac, ^ba Odpa Hpjqv Ngccapaloa= D Hqgna ~j Ej`gkg}glh Ojeeqlg~w%@dsan Sjkql~aap Badk~b Anqod~jps, 066>, V, 24

Oal~ap na _dl~a O_D+ O_O'

Oal~ap na Vpjej~gjl

_jogdka OV_'

Badk~b LHJ

Ojeeqlg~w Kadnaps

Kadnap Ej~baps

Odpa Hpjq s

@alacgogdpgas

Ojeeqlg~

Badk~b Vpjej~ap # Oj%Vpjej~ap

VOS Ojql~apvdp~ # VOS'


22/37

00

sjkq~gjl ~j gevpjglh badk~b sapgoas, ^baw odl alojqpdha badk~b vpjgnaps ~j àojea ejpa do~ga gl ~ba

ojeeqlg~w xbgka d~ ~ba sdea ~gea pacappglh @alacgogdpgas ~j ~ba Oal~pa na _dl~ cjp ~pad~eal~,

Pavjp~glh ~j ~ba badk~b oal~aps odl bakv gnal~gcw ngsadsa ~palns dln naakjv s~pd~ahgas ~j oje`d~

glopadsas, Cjp ardevka+ gc ~ba Odpa Hpjqvs bda paojpnan dl glopadsa gl eadskas dejlh obgkn qlnap 1 wadps

jkn dln glcjpean ~ba kjodk badk~b oal~ap+ ~ba badk~b oal~ap odl ojlnqo~ d kjodkg}an doogld~gjl odevdghl gl

~ba dccao~an dpad ~j s~jv ~ba svpadn jc eadskas, Jloa ~ba odevdghl bds àal jphdlg}an ~ba Oal~pa na

_dl~ odl q~gkg}a ~ba Odpa Hpjqvs ~j vq`kgog}a ~ba qvojeglh doogld~gjl nqpglh bjea gsg~s dln pdkkw

ej~baps ~j `pglh ~bagp obgknpal,4?

^ba Oal~pa na _dl~a odl dksj q~gkg}a ~ba Odpa Hpjqvs nqpglh ~ba aal~ `w

jphdlg}glh ~ba vajvka ds ~baw dppga dln anqod~a ~ba ojeeqlg~w ds ~baw xdg~ cjp ~ba doogla,

@qgknglh Pakd~gjlsbgvs xg~b Pakghgjqs Kadnaps

Glokqnglh pakghgjqs kadnaps odl albdloa wjqp vpjmao~, Pakghgjl gs apw gevjp~dl~ ~j ~ba @alglasa vajvka dln

edlw @alglasa vajvka dpa gl okjsa ojl~do~ xg~b pakghgjqs kadnaps gl ~bagp ojeeqlg~w, Odpa Hpjqvs odl

q~gkg}a ~ba pakghgjqs kadnaps gl ~ba ojeeqlg~w gl edlw xdws, Pakghgjqs kadnaps odl=

Vq`kgokw sqvvjp~ ~ba Odpa Hpjqvs dln ~bagp accjp~s Vpjej~a badk~bw vpdo~goas dln àbdgjp obdlha gl vq`kgo eaa~glhs sqob ds nqpglh sapejls', 4> Paojhlg}a swev~jes dln alojqpdha ojeeqlg~w eaeàps ~j saai vpjvap ~pad~eal~, Edlw ~geas

xbal d cdegkw eaeàp gs sgoi+ ~ba cdegkw xgkk odkk jl d pakghgjqs kadnap ~j vpdw jap ~ba sgoi vapsjl

jp saai svgpg~qdk dngoa, ^bgs gs ~ba vapcao~ jvvjp~qlg~w cjp pakghgjqs kadnaps ~j vpjej~a ~ba badk~b

vpdo~goas,

_~jv qlbadk~bw ~pdng~gjldk badkglh vpdo~goas ~bd~ ~baw dpa gljkan gl,Doojpnglh ~j ~ba Odpa Hpjqvs vpjmao~ gl Ej}de`gtqa+ edlw vds~jps pavjp~an vpgna gl àglh d`ka ~j pacap

vajvka ~j accao~ga ~pad~eal~+ iljxglh ~bd~ g~ glopadsan ~bagp jxl opang`gkg~w xg~bgl ~ba ojeeqlg~w,41

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ojeeqlg~ws dooass ~j badk~b glcjped~gjl dln sapgoas+ dnjod~as jl àbdkc jc ~ba ojeeqlg~w+ dln qlg~as

dkk eaeàps jc ~ba ojeeqlg~w okjsap ~jha~bap,

_devka Odpa Hpjqv Vpjhpde geakgla

_~avs dln Nqpd~gjl Iaw Aal~ Lj~as

4= 4 ejl~b _akao~ d ojql~apvdp~ dln àhgl

ojeeqlg~w ej`gkg}d~gjl

Gl~pjnqoa vpjmao~ ~j gkkdha kadnaps+ hdgl

~bagp sqvvjp~

0= 4%0 ejl~bs Ojlnqo~ oalsqs dln gnal~gcw

@alacgogdpgas

^gea laanan dpgas xg~b vjvqkd~gjl sg}a

?= 4 ejl~b _akao~ Kadnap Ej~baps Lqeàp jc Kadnap Ej~baps na~apeglan

`w bjqsabjkn ojql~*vpjrgeg~gas jc

bjqsabjkn

>= 4 ejl~b Bjkn jvalglh oapaejlw Pa%gl~pjnqoa ~ba vpjmao~ ~j ~baojeeqlg~w ~j hdgl cqkk sqvvjp~

1= 4 ejl~b Bjkn cgps~ Odpa Hpjqv eaa~glh Ngsoqss hjdks dln naakjv oqppgoqkqe

jq~kgla

3= ?%40 ejl~bs Kadnap Ej~baps àhgl bjqsabjkn

gsg~s dln ~ba pa%~adobglh jc kassjls

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sqooassas+ ngccgoqk~gas dln vpjgna

sqvvjp~ ~j jla dlj~bap

4 kassjl aapw ejl~b9 gc ~gea vapeg~~an+

4 kassjl aapw 0 xaais

Kadnap Ej~baps pavjp~ g~dk s~d~gs~gos

nqpglh ~ba eaa~glh

8= 0%? ejl~bs Edia bjqsabjkn gsg~s xg~b Kadnap Alsqpas Kadnap Ej~baps qlnaps~dln ~bagp

4?G`gn, V, 76

4>Xjpkn Pakgac, ^ba Odpa Hpjqv Ngccapaloa= D Hqgna ~j Ej`gkg}glh Ojeeqlg~w%@dsan Sjkql~aap Badk~b Anqod~jps, 066>, V, 21

41G`gn, V, 21


23/37

0?

Ej~baps pjkas dln vpjgnas aevjxapeal~ dln

ojlcgnaloa

2= ?%40 ejl~bs Vpjej~a dln aevbdsg}a j~bap

ojeeqlg~w do~gg~gas

Kjodk `d`w xaghb~glhs+ geeqlg}d~gjls+ VN

Badp~b+ a~o

7= ?%40 ejl~bs Vapgjngodkkw ejlg~jp dln adkqd~a ~ba

glcjped~gjl kadplan `w Kadnap

Ej~baps dln alacgogdpw bjqsabjkns

^bpjqhb Odpa Hpjqv eaa~glhs+ gsg~s xg~b

Kadnap Ej~baps dln j`sapd~gjls

^pjq`kasbjj~glh

Odpa Hpjqvs xapa opad~an gl sqob d xdw ds ~j accao~gakw nadk xg~b badk~b gssqas xbgka eglgeg}glh vj~al~gdk

vpj`kaes, Bjxaap ds xa dkk iljx dkk ~jj xakk+ sjea vpj`kaes dpa qlcjpasaad`ka, Bapa dpa sjea

s~pd~ahgas ~j qsa xbal ~baw dpgsa,

D~~alndloaXg~b dlw vpjmao~ d~~alndloa gs dkxdws d edmjp gssqa, Gc wjq bdal~ dkpadnw njla sj+ ojlnqo~glh VDOD+

svaogcgodkkw _adsjldk Odkalndp dln Ndgkw Do~gg~gas _obanqka xbgob xgkk na~apegla ~ba ejs~ sqg~d`ka ndw dln

~gea ~j bda eaa~glhs dln dpgd~gjls wadp%pjqln, Vpdgsa jla dlj~bap ds d pahqkdp vdp~ jc Odpa Hpjqvdo~gg~gas, Gc d Kadnap Ej~bap bds hjla ~j aapw eaa~glh cjp 3 ejl~bs+ ~ba al~gpa Odpa Hpjqv xgkk hga bap

XD@D bdln sdkq~a+ ndloa jp sglh gl bap vpdgsa, @pglh cjjn jp bda pacpasbeal~s xbal ~ba Odpa Hpjqv

eaa~s hjdks, Gc d cgran kjod~gjl gs odqsglh sjea Kadnap Ej~baps ~j egss eaa~glhs+ obdlha ~ba kjod~gjl, G

cjqln ~bd~ obdlhglh ~ba kjod~gjl adob ejl~b ~j eaa~ d~ adob Kadnap Ej~baps bjeas xjpian xakk, Kadnap

Ej~baps ~jji pasvjlsg`gkg~w gl alsqpglh ~bd~ j~baps odea dln dksj vpjgnan sldois, Alojqpdha Kadnap

Ej~baps ~j sqvvjp~ adob j~bap gl d dpga~w jc xdws gl dln jq~sgna ~ba Odpa Hpjqv eaa~glhs,

Gc d Kadnap Ej~bap gs qlddgkd`ka ~j d~~aln d ejl~bkw eaa~glh+ sa~ qv d ~gea ~j eaa~ xg~b ~bae+ aal gc g~

gljkas mjglglh ~bae gl ~ba cgakn+ dln ngsoqss xbd~ ~baw egssan, ^ba Badk~b Vpjej~aps xgkk edw bda ~j nj

~bgs gl ~ba àhgllglh jc ~ba vpjmao~, @q~ ds ~gea vdssas+ bda j~bap Kadnap Ej~baps gsg~ ~bjsa xbj xapad`sal~ dln ~adob ~bae ~ba kassjl, ^ba Kadnaps Ej~baps hdgl ejpa vpdo~goa gl ~adobglh+ hdgl ejpa

ojlcgnaloa gl adob j~bap+ dln pakw kass jl ~ba Badk~b Vpjej~aps

Bjea Sgsg~sBjqsa bjkn gsg~s edw à ~gea ojlsqeglh dln gl sjea ejl~bs pdglw sadsjl' xjeal edw lj~ à vpasal~ ds

jc~al, Nqpglh wjqp odpa hpjqv eaa~glh naakjv s~pd~ahgas ~jha~bap ~j alsqpa ojevka~a ojapdha, Jla

s~pd~ahw ojqkn à ~j qsa ~ba xdg~glh ~gea d~ ~ba vqev ~j dl dndl~dha, _jea xjeal xgkk sg~ cjp bjqps ql~gk

g~s ~bagp ~qpl ~j paoaga xd~ap d~ ~ba vqev, Eadlxbgka Kadnap Ej~baps edw dksj à xdg~glh+ ~bqs ~ba ~gea

~jha~bap ojqkn à qsan ~j ngsoqss ~ba ejl~bs kassjl, Gc eqk~gvka xjeal cpje ~ba sdea `kjoi dpa ~jha~bap+

Kadnap Ej~baps edw objjsa ~j ngsoqss ~ba kassjl xg~b ~bae dln ajia d hpjqv ngsoqssgjl,

Alojqpdha Kadnap Ej~baps ~j xjpi ~jha~bap ~j à ejpa accao~ga gl bjea gsg~s, Gc d Kadnap Ej~bap

alojql~aps d ngccgoqk~ bjqsabjkn jp tqas~gjl+ sba odl odkk jl dlj~bap Kadnap Ej~bap cjp bakv, ^bgs xdw ~baw

dpa lj~ dkjla gl dnjod~glh lax badk~b vpdo~goas,

Xadi Kadnap Ej~bapsDc~ap saapdk ejl~bs jc eaa~glh dln bjea gsg~s+ wjq xgkk lj~goa xbj ~ba s~pjlh Kadnap Ej~baps dpa dln

xbj dpa ~ba xadi jlas, Vdgp qv s~pjlh dln xadi Kadnap Ej~bap, ^jha~bap ~baw xgkk gsg~ ~bagp dssghlan

bjqsabjkns, ^ba xadi Kadnap Ej~bap xgkk àlacg~ cpje ~ba mjgl~ gsg~s dln hdgl ojlcgnaloa ~j vapcjpe

à~~ap gl ~ba cq~qpa, LJÂ= ^bgs okdssgcgod~gjl gs cjp ~ba Badk~b Vpjej~aps qsa jlkw, Nj lj~ sbdpa xg~b ~ba

glnggnqdk jp edia vq`kgo, ^j djgn ~bgs sgevkw vdgp qv aapw Kadnap Ej~bap gl ~ba Odpa Hpjqv sj lj jla

sqsvao~s ~bd~ ~bagp vapcjpedloa gs xadi,

Gc d Kadnap Ej~bap arvpassas bap nasgpa ~j ojl~glqa xjpiglh `q~ laans ~j panqoa ~ba lqeàp jc

bjqsabjkns+ sakao~ d 0ln

Kadnap Ej~bap cpje ~ba sdea `kjoi xbj xgkk vgoi qv ~ba skdoi,


24/37

0>

_obanqkglh Ojlckgo~sNj lj~ xjppw gc wjq bda ~j pasobanqka d Odpa Hpjqv eaa~glh àodqsa jc d gkkdha oapaejlw jp j~bap

ojeeqlg~w aal~9 mqs~ objjsa ~ba lar~ adpkgas~ ddgkd`ka ~gea ~j eaa~, Cjp ardevka wjqp edpia~ bdvvals

aapw sgr ndws dln wjq bda cgran wjqp eaa~glh cjp ~ba 4s~

_qlndw jc aapw ejl~b, Lar~ ejl~b wjq lj~goa

~bd~ ~ba edpia~ xgkk cdkk jl wjqp eaa~glh ndw, ^jha~bap naogna xba~bap ~j eja ~ba eaa~glh ~j ~ba

_d~qpndw àcjpa jp ~ba Ejlndw dc~ap,

@qgknglh pakd~gjlsbgvs xg~b ~ba ojeeqlg~w xgkk panqoa vpj`kaes, Xba~bap g~s d xadi jkql~aap+ d ngccgoqk~

bjqsabjkn jp d ojeeqlg~w aal~ s~dlnglh gl ~ba xdw+ saaiglh ~ba bakv jc ojeeqlg~w kadnaps dln ~ba

al~gpa Odpa Hpjqv xgkk edia g~ adsgap ~j nadk xg~b vpj`kaes ds ~baw dvvadp,

Ojlokqsgjl

Ejpa ~bdl d nj}al hpdllgas bdn hd~bapan qlnap ~ba ~paa ~j eaa~ ~ba cgldk adkqd~gjl ~ade cjp ~ba

Sqpbjlhd G O_V, Ds ~ba adkqd~gjl ~ade dln hpdllgas ~dkian ~jha~bap d`jq~ xbd~ bdn bdvvalan gl ~bagp

gkkdha+ jla jc ~ba ~ade eaeàps dsian d tqas~gjl, Sqpbjlhd gs jlkw d obgkn gl wjqp gkkdha g~ gs kass ~bdl

cjqp wadps jkn, @q~ xa bda àal ~adobglh ~bglhs ~bd~ dpa ngccapal~ cpje ~ba xdws ~bd~ wjq bda kgan cjpedlw wadps, Bjx kjlh xgkk g~ à àcjpa wjq cjpha~ xbd~ Sqpbjlhd ~dqhb~ dln pa~qpl ~j ~ba jkn xdws:

^ba hpdllgas ~dkian ~jha~bap cjp d xbgka dln ~bal jla jc ~bae pavkgan, Xa bda d tqas~gjl cjp wjq, D

vapsjl bds àal d skda cjp edlw wadps+ `q~ sjea`jnw `qws ~bae dln hgas ~bae ~bagp cpaanje, Bjx kjlh

xgkk g~ à àcjpa ~baw hj `doi ~j à d skda dhdgl:43

Odpa Hpjqvs gs d vjxapcqk qlnap~diglh ~bd~ gc ~bjpjqhbkw jphdlg}an cpje ~ba s~dp~ ojqkn alhalnap

sghlgcgodl~ dln vjsg~ga obdlha gl d ojeeqlg~w, G~ vpjej~as àbdgjp obdlha ds ejpa ~bdl mqs~ dl

glnggnqdk naogsgjl `q~ ds d sjogdk ejaeal~ gljkglh ~ba xbjka ojeeqlg~w s~dp~glh cpje ~ba hpdss pjj~s

kaak, Xgnasvpadn ojeeqlg~w aevjxapeal~ gs ~ba badp~ dln sjqk jc ~ba Odpa Hpjqv dvvpjdob,

Odpa Hpjqvs sbdpa ~bagp aevjxapeal~ xg~b Kadnap Ej~baps+ xg~b @alacgogdpgas+ xg~b ojeeqlg~w kadnaps+

xg~b badk~b xjpiaps+ ql~gk ~ba al~gpa ojeeqlg~w gs hd~bapan ~jha~bap gl ~ba vpjoass jc obdlha, Dln

aevjxapeal~ gs kjlh%kds~glh, Kgia d s~jla ~bpjxl gl~j d vjln+ ~ba pgvvka accao~s jc Odpa Hpjqvs iaav

hjglh+ aal ~bjqhb ~ba s~jla odl lj kjlhap à saal, ^pdlscjpean ojeeqlg~gas dpa ~ba kds~glh ngccapaloa,

43Xjpkn Pakgac, ^ba Odpa Hpjqv Ngccapaloa= D Hqgna ~j Ej`gkg}glh Ojeeqlg~w%@dsan Sjkql~aap Badk~b Anqod~jps, 066>, V,7


25/37

01

Dvvalngr G Odpa Hpjqv Opg~apgd


26/37

03


27/37

08


28/37

02

Dvvalngr GG _devka Odpa Hpjqv Nd~d Ojkkao~gjl jjk


29/37

07

Dvvalngr GGG _qpaw Ardevka "Obgkn _qpgdk âoblgodk _qvvjp~ Xa`sg~a'

IVO0666Pdvgn Ojpa Dssasseal~ ^jjk jl Obgkn Badk~b "ODÔB'

_~d~aeal~ cpje ~ba OJPA Ejlg~jpglh dln Adkqd~gjl Xjpiglh Hpjqv

D`jq~ ~ba Pdvgn ODÔB

^ba OJPA Ejlg~jpglh dln Adkqd~gjl Xjpiglh Hpjqv EAXH' s~pjlhkw sqhhas~s ~bd~ VSJs glokqna dkk

~ba Pdvgn ODÔB Ojpa Dssasseal~ ^jjk jl Obgkn Badk~b' tqas~gjls gl ~bagp sqpaws, Aal gc sjea jc

~basa ojpa tqas~gjls nj lj~ pakd~a svaogcgodkkw ~j vpjmao~ gl~apal~gjls+ ~baw vpjgna glcjped~gjl jl

opg~godk+ kgca%sdglh+ bjqsabjkn àbdgjps dln odpa%saaiglh vd~~apls, ^bgs glcjped~gjl odl à qsan ds

cjkkjxs=

4, ^j glcjpe ~ba gevkaeal~glh VSJ dln g~s kjodk vdp~laps EJB+ Q_DGN egssgjl+ LHJs+ a~o,'0, ^j vpjgna d `dsgs cjp ojevdpd`gkg~w à~xaal vpjmao~s xg~bgl d hgal ojql~pw+ ds xakk ds dopjss

ojql~pgas?, Cjp dnjodow d~ `j~b ~ba ld~gjldk dln gl~apld~gjldk kaaks

Gc ~ba ODÔB tqas~gjls dpa lj~ glokqnan+ g~ gs sqhhas~an ~bd~ ~ba kjhgo cjp ~bd~ naogsgjl à s~d~an, ^ba

EAXH àkgaas ~bd~ ojkkao~glh+ dldkw}glh+ gl~apvpa~glh+ qsglh+ dln sbdpglh ~bgs glcjped~gjl bds ~ba

vj~al~gdk ~j sda ~ba kgas jc obgknpal dln ej~baps,

^bgs tqas~gjlldgpa ~dpha~s ej~baps jc obgknpal kass ~bdl 0> ejl~bs jc dha,

4, PAOJPN GLÂPSGAX NDÂNDW EJL^B WADP

0, Bjx jkn dpa wjq:PAOJPN DHA JC PA_VJLNAL^ GL WADP_= ZZZ ZZZ

?, Bjx edlw obgknpal kgglh gl ~bgs bjqsabjkn dpa qlnap dha cga: ZZZZZZZ>, Bjx edlw jc ~bjsa obgknpal dpa wjqp `gjkjhgodk obgknpal: ZZZZZZZZZ1, PADN JLA JC ^BA CJKKJXGLH TQA_^GJL_ @D_AN QVJL EJ^BAP_ PA_VJL_A

^J T,>=

JLKW 4 OBGKN QLNAP CGSA= Xbd~ gs ~ba ldea+ sar+ dln nd~a jc `gp~b jc ~bd~ obgkn:

EJPA ^BDL 4 OBGKN QLNAP CGSA= Xbd~ dpa ~ba ldeas+ saras+ dln nd~as jc `gp~b jc

wjqp ~xj wjqlhas~ obgknpal:


30/37

?6

LDEA _AR NDÂ JC @GP^B

4 4, EDKA0, CAEDKA ZZ ZZ * ZZ ZZ * ZZ ZZNN EE WW

0 4, EDKA0, CAEDKA ZZ ZZ * ZZ ZZ * ZZ ZZNN EE WW

DKK _Q@_ATQAL^ TQA_^GJL_ VAP^DGL ^J ^BA WJQLHA_^ OBGKN QLNAP DHA ^XJ

Dl~bpjvjea~pw

Xbd~ xa iljx= Gl vjjp ojql~pgas+ edklq~pg~gjl gs d ojl~pg`q~glh cdo~jp gl ejpa ~bdl bdkc jc dkk qlnap%cga nad~bs,

@jnw ngealsgjls "xaghb~ dln baghb~' packao~ ~ba japdkk badk~b dln xakk%àglh jc glnggnqdks dln vjvqkd~gjls, ^ba

vpadkaloa jc kjx xaghb~%cjp%dha "qlnapxaghb~' odl à qsan ~j dssass lq~pg~gjl gl~apal~gjls dln gs d patqgpan

glngod~jp cjp dkk vpjmao~s cqlnan qlnap Q_DGNs ^g~ka GG "Cjjn Dssgs~dloa' Vpjhpde,

3, Edw G xaghb "LDEA':4, WA_0, LJ _IGV ^J T,2

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ZZZ ZZZ , ZZZ IGKJHPDE_

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0, LJ _IGV ^J T,462, NJL^ ILJX _IGV ^J T,46

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31/37

?4

W, LJ JLA

@pads~caanglh dln Lq~pg~gjl

44,Ngn wjq aap `pads~caan LDEA':4, WA_0, LJ _IGV ^J T,4?

40,Bjx kjlh dc~ap `gp~b ngn wjq cgps~ vq~ "LDEA' ~j ~ba `pads~:4, GEEANGDÂKW*XG^BGL CGP_^ BJQP DCÂP NAKGSAPW0, DCÂP ^BA CGP_^ BJQP

4?,G xjqkn kgia ~j dsi wjq d`jq~ ~ba ~wvas jc kgtqgns dln cjjns ~bd~ "LDEA' ojlsqean was~apndwnqpglh ~ba ndw jp d~ lghb~, Ngn "LDEA' bda, , ,

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32/37

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43,Ngn LDEA'aap paoaga dlglmao~gjl ~j

vpaal~

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47,Xds ~ba ànla~ aap sjdian jp ngvvan gl d kgtqgn ~j pavak ejstqg~jas jp `qhs:4, WA_0, LJ2, NJL^ ILJX

Gl~ahpd~an Edldhaeal~ jc Obgknbjjn Gkklassas "GEOG'

06,_jea~geas obgknpal ha~ sgoi dln laan ~j paoaga odpa jp ~pad~eal~ cjp gkklassas, Xbd~ dpa ~basghls jc gkklass ~bd~ xjqkn glngod~a wjqp obgkn laans ~pad~eal~:NJ LJ^ VPJEV^, OGPOKA

DKK EAL^GJLAN,D, NJL^ ILJX@, KJJI_ QLXAKK JP LJ^ VKDWGLH LJPEDKKWO, LJ^ AD^GLH JP NPGLIGLHN, KA^BDPHGO JP NGCCGOQK^ ^J XDIAA, BGHB CASAPC, CD_^ JP NGCCGOQK^ @PAD^BGLHH, SJEG^_ ASAPW^BGLHB, OJLSQK_GJL_

VJKGJ 4

VJKGJ 0

VJKGJ ?

NV^ 4

NV^ 0

NV^ ?

EAD_KA_

SG^DEGL D


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??

G, J^BAP ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ_VAOGCW'

M, J^BAP ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ_VAOGCW'

I, J^BAP ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ_VAOGCW'

04,Ngn "LDEA' arvapgaloa dlw jc ~ba cjkkjxglh gl ~ba vds~ ~xj xaais:PADN OBJGOA_ DKJQN DLN OGPOKA DKK EAL^GJLAN @W PA_VJLNAL^,

D, NGDPPBAD@, @KJJN GL _^JJKO, OJQHBN, NGCCGOQK^ @PAD^BGLHA, CD_^ @PAD^BGLH*_BJP^+ TQGOI @PAD^B_C,

CASAPH, EDKDPGD

B, OJLSQK_GJL_G, J^BAP ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

_VAOGCW'

M, J^BAP ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ_VAOGCW'

I, LJLA JC ^BA D@JSA _IGV ^J T,0>00,Xbal "LDEA' xds sgoi+ xds ba*sba jccapan kass ~bdl qsqdk ~j npgli+ d`jq~ ~ba sdea dejql~+

jp ejpa ~bdl qsqdk ~j npgli:4, KA__ ^BDL Q_QDK0, _DEA DEJQL^?, EJPA ^BDL Q_QDK

0?,Xbal "LDEA' xds sgoi+ xds ba*sba jccapan kass ~bdl qsqdk ~j ad~+ d`jq~ ~ba sdea dejql~+ jpejpa ~bdl qsqdk ~j ad~:

4, KA__ ^BDL Q_QDK0, _DEA DEJQL^?, EJPA ^BDL Q_QDK

BGS*DGN_

0>,Bda wjq aap badpn jc dl gkklass odkkan DGN_:4, WA_0, LJ _IGV ^J T,03

01,Xbd~ odl d vapsjl nj ~j djgn ha~~glh DGN_ jp ~ba gpqs ~bd~ odqsas DGN_:OGPOKA DKK EAL^GJLAN,

D, LJ^BGLH@, D@_^DGL CPJE _ARO, Q_A OJLNJE_N, KGEG^ _AR ^J JLA VDP^LAP*_^DW CDG^BCQK ^J JLA VDP^LAPA, KGEG^ LQE@AP JC _ARQDK VDP^LAP_


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?>

C, DSJGN _AR XG^B VPJ_^G^QÂ_H, DSJGN _AR XG^B VAP_JL_ XBJ BDSA EDLW VDP^LAP_B, DSJGN GLÂPOJQP_A XG^B VAP_JL_ JC ^BA _DEA _ARG, DSJGN _AR XG^B VAP_JL_ XBJ GLMAO^ NPQH_ GL^PDSALJQ_KWM, DSJGN @KJJN ^PDL_CQ_GJL_I, DSJGN GLMAO^GJL_K,

DSJGN IG__GLHE, DSJGN EJ_TQG^J @GÂ_

L, _AAI VPJÂO^GJL CPJE ^PDNG^GJLDK BADKAPJ, DSJGN _BDPGLH PD]JP_+ @KDNA_X, J^BAPZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

_VAOGCW'

R, J^BAPZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ_VAOGCW'

], NJL^ ILJX

Bdln%xdsbglh Vpdo~goas

03,@acjpa xa aln+ Gn kgia ~j dsi jla ejpa tqas~gjl, Xbal nj wjq xdsb wjqp bdlns xg~b sjdv*dsb:NJ LJ^ VPJEV^, OGPOKA DKK EAL^GJLAN,

D, LASAP@, @ACJPA CJJN VPAVDPD^GJLO, @ACJPA CAANGLH OBGKNPALN, DCÂP NACAOD^GJLA, DCÂP D^ÂLNGLH ^J D OBGKN XBJ BD_ NACAODÂNR, J^BAP ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

_VAOGCW'

Dvvalngr GS @dppgap Dldkwsgs _qpaw

@dppgap Dldkwsgs Tqas~gjlldgpa jl

Y^jvgoU


35/37

?1

YDha*Oqk~qpdk*Halnap HpjqvU

Gl~apgaxaps Ldea= ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ Tqas~gjlldgpa Lj,= ZZZZZZ

Xbj xds Gl~apgaxan=

Nd~a= ZZZZ*ZZZZ*ZZZZ Ojeeqlg~w= ZZZZZZZZZZZZZ HPJQV= Njap LjlNjap

Ej~bap ^jlhqa= ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ Kdlhqdha jc Gl~apgax= ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

Dha jc pasvjlnal~= ZZZZ wadps Halnap jc Pasvjlnal~= Edka Caedka

Ngsoqss OJLCGNAL^GDKG^W=

Vqpvjsa jc s~qnw ^baw odl objjsa ~j vdp~gogvd~a jp lj~ vdp~gogvd~a gl ~ba s~qnw, Lj sapgoas xgkk à xg~bbakn ljp xgkk

~baw à ngsopgegld~an dhdgls~ gc ~baw objjsa lj~ ~j vdp~gogvd~a,

Aapw~bglh ~baw sdw xgkk à bakn gl s~pgo~ ojlcgnaloa dln xgkk lj~ à sbdpan xg~b dlwjla aksa, Dsi ~ba vapsjl gc ~baw xgsb ~j vdp~gogvd~a, Gc lj~+ ~bdli ~bae cjp ~bagp ~gea,

"Njap*LjlNjap _opaalglh Tqas~gjls'

4, YTqas~gjl ~j cgln jq~ gc ~baw dpa njglh ~ba vpaal~ga do~gjl, ^bgs ojqkn à vq~ d~ ~ba àhgllglh jc ~batqas~gjlldgpa gc g~s lj~ d salsg~ga tqas~gjl,)

d, Was

`, Lj

o, Njl~ Iljx * Xjl~ sdw

"GC Ynjglh ~ba àbdgjpU+ D_I='

0, -Tqas~gjl jl njsa jc àbdgjp "a,h,+ bjx edlw ~geas gl vds~ xaai',U Gc /4 5 WA_ ~bal edpi ~ba pasvjlnal~ ds d NJAP d~ ~ba ~jv jc vdha jla, Gc /4 gs LJ jp Njl~ Iljx * Xjl~ _dw ~bal edpi ~ba pasvjlnal~ ds d LJLNJAP d~ ~ba ~jv jc vdha

jla,

"Vapoagan _aapg~w'

?, Bjx sapgjqs d ngsadsa*vpj`kae gs Yldea jc ngsadsa jp vpj`kaeU= Sapw sapgjqs+ sjeaxbd~ sapgjqs+ dkg~~ka `g~ sapgjqs+ jp lj~ sapgjqs d~ dkk:

d, Sapw sapgjqs

`, _jeaxbd~ sapgjqs

o, D kg~~ka `g~ sapgjqs

`, Lj~ sapgjqs d~ dkk

"Vapoagan _qsoav~g`gkg~w'

>, Nj wjq ~bgli ~bd~ Yvajvka gl wjqp hpjqvU odl Yha~ ~ba ngsadsaU: d, Was

`, Vjssg`kw * sjea~geas

o, Lj

n, Njl~ Iljx

1,

Nj wjq ~bgli ~bd~ Yvajvka gl wjqp hpjqvU odl Yha~ ~ba ngsadsaU gc ~baw xapa ~j Ylj~ nj ~ba vpaal~gado~gjlU:


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?3

d, Was

`, _jea~geas * Vjssg`kw

o, Lj

n, Njl~ Iljx

3, Nj wjq ~bgli ~bd~ g~s vjssg`ka ~bd~ wjq ojqkn Yha~ ~ba ngsadsaU gc wjq Yngn lj~ nj ~ba vpaal~ga do~gjlU:

d, Was `, Vjssg`kw

o, Lj

n, Njl~ Iljx

"Vapoagan _akc Accgodow'

8, Xg~b wjqp vpasal~ iljxkanha dln sigkks+ nj wjq ~bgli ~bd~ wjq ojqkn Ynj ~ba vpaal~ga do~gjlU jap ~balar~ 40 ejl~bs:

d, Was

`, Vjssg`kw

o, Lj

o, Njl~ Iljx

2, Xbd~ xjqkn edia g~ adsgapjp njas edia g~ adsgap' cjp wjq ~j Ynj ~ba vpaal~ga do~gjlU jap ~ba lar~40 ejl~bs:

7, Xbd~ xjqkn edia g~ ejpa ngccgoqk~jp njas edia g~ ejpa ngccgoqk~' cjp wjq ~j Ynj ~ba vpaal~ga do~gjlUjap ~ba lar~ 40 ejl~bs:

"Vapoagan Do~gjl Accgodow'

46,Nj wjq ~bgli Ynj ~ba vpaal~ga do~gjlU jap ~ba lar~ 40 ejl~bs xjqkn bakv wjq ~j djgn ha~~glh Y~bangsadsaU:

d, Was

`, Vjssg`kw

o, Lj

n, Njl~ Iljx

"Vapoagan _jogdk Dooav~d`gkg~w * _jogdk Ljpes'

44, Xjqkn ejs~ jc ~ba vajvka ~bd~ wjq iljx dvvpja jc wjqp Ynjglh ~ba vpaal~ga do~gjlU jap ~ba lar~40 ejl~bs:

d, Was

`, Vjssg`kw

o, Lj

n, Njl~ Iljx

40,Xbj dpa ~ba vajvka ~bd~ xjqkn dvvpja jc wjqp Ynjglh ~ba vpaal~ga do~gjlU jap ~ba lar~ 40ejl~bs:

4?, Xbj dpa ~ba vajvka ~bd~ xjqkn ngsdvvpja jc wjqp Ynjglh ~ba vpaal~ga do~gjlU jap ~ba lar~ 40ejl~bs:

"Oqas'

4>, Gc wjq xdl~an ~j Ynj ~ba vpaal~ga do~gjlU+ bjx ngccgoqk~ xjqkn g~ `a cjp wjq ~j paeae`ap ~j Ynj ~bavpaal~ga do~gjlU ejs~ jc ~ba ~gea: Sapw ngccgoqk~+ sjeaxbd~ ngccgoqk~+ d kg~~ka `g~ ngccgoqk~+ jp lj~

ngccgoqk~ d~ dkk:

d, Sapw ngccgoqk~


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`, _jeaxbd~ ngccgoqk~

o, D kg~~ka `g~ ngccgoqk~

`, Lj~ ngccgoqk~ d~ dkk

"Vapoav~gjl jc Nggla Xgkk'

41, Nj wjq ~bgli ~bd~ Hjn dvvpjas jc Yvajvka gl wjqp hpjqv njglh ~ba vpaal~ga do~gjlU:

d, Was `, Vjssg`kw * edwà

o, Lj

n, Njl~ Iljx

43, Nj wjq ~bgli ~bd~ Hjn dvvpjas "jp xjqkn dvvpja' jc wjq Ynjglh ~ba vpaal~ga do~gjlU jap ~ba lar~40 ejl~bs:

d, Was

`, Vjssg`kw * edwà

o, Lj

n, Njl~ Iljx

"Vjsg~ga dln Lahd~ga D~~pg`q~as jc ~ba Do~gjl'

48, Xbd~ dpa ~ba dndl~dhas jc jp xjqkn à ~ba dndl~dhas jc' wjqp Ynjglh ~ba vpaal~ga do~gjlU jap~ba lar~ 40 ejl~bs: "Xpg~a dkk pasvjlsas àkjx,'

42, Xbd~ dpa ~ba ngsdndl~dhas jc jp xjqkn à ~ba ngsdndl~dhas jc' jc wjqp Ynjglh ~ba vpaal~gado~gjlU jap ~ba lar~ 40 ejl~bs: "Xpg~a dkk pasvjlsas àkjx,'

^BDLI ^BA PA_VJLNAL^ CJP BG_ * BAP ^GEA$

Peace Corps Care Manual (health) Group Approach Manual (IEC / BCC)

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Transcript of Peace Corps Care Manual (health) Group Approach Manual (IEC / BCC)