Pea foot rots€¦ · Foot rot pathogens • Fusarium solani – red vascular tissue • Didymella...
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Pea foot rots Lea Herold
Transcript of Pea foot rots€¦ · Foot rot pathogens • Fusarium solani – red vascular tissue • Didymella...
Pea foot rots!Lea Herold
Foot rot
• Poorrootsystem• Paleoryellowplants• Stuntedplants• Impactonyield
• Compaction• Waterlogging• Poorsoilhealth
! Diseasecomplex
Foot rot pathogens
• Fusariumsolani–redvasculartissue
• Didymellapinodella–blackstembase
• Aphanomyceseuteiches–softroots,honeycoloured
• Soiltests• Colonynumbers–riskfactor(FusariumandDidymella)
• Diseaseseverityseedling–riskfactor(Aphanomyces)
Variety trials 2019
[CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE]
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Aphanomyces severity
Moderate High Severe
[CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE]
Fusarium severity
Moderate High Severe
[CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE]
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Fusa
rium
Aphanomyces
Angus
Lincolnshire
Severeinfection
Stronginfection
Calcium
Heymanetal(2007)SoilBiology&Biochemistry39,2222-2229PerssonandOlsson(2000)SoilBiology&Biochemistry32,1141-1150
Gypsum
Healthysoil
GypsumCaSO4
LimestoneCaCO3
Aphanomyces
Heymanetal(2007)SoilBiology&Biochemistry39,2222-2229
Gypsum – Glasshouse trial
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160
0 50 100 150Root mass (+% of control)
Yie
ld (%
of c
ontro
l)
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0Foot.rot.score
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE]
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150
control 200ppm 500ppm 1000ppm 2000ppm 3500ppm
Yie
ld (%
of c
ontro
l)
Gypsum amendment
Gypsum – Glasshouse trial
Control 2000ppm
Fusarium in fields 2018
0.00
0.50
1.00
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2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
Footro
t
Ca(mg/ml)
Calcium
0.00
0.50
1.00
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2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Footro
t
OM(LOI%)
Organicmatter
Foot rot in fields 2019
• Footrotseverityinthefieldexplainedby(45%)• AbundanceofFusariumspores• AbundanceofDidymellaspores• Magnesiuminsoil(clayrelated?)• Reducedbyhigheramountsoforganicmatter
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Yield[t/ha]
Footrot
Yield
Alternative seed treatments - glasshouse ProductI(2018)–pottests
NoeffectonAphanomyces
0.00
0.50
1.00
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Control 0.4ml/kg 0.8ml/kg 1.6ml/kg 3.2ml/kg
Footro
tscore
Didymella
d
c bc
aba
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
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2.50
3.00
3.50
Control 0.4ml/kg 0.8ml/kg 1.6ml/kg 3.2ml/kg
Footro
tscore
Fusarium
bab
a a ab
Alternative seed treatments - field ProductI(2019)–combiningpeas
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
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[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
2.5
2.7
2.9
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Footro
t
Footrot
2
2.5
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1 2 3 4 5 6
Yield(t/ha)
Yield
Fourproducts,fourfieldtrialsperformed,resultsnotconsistent.
• Blackoatsincombinationwith• Oilradish• Phacelia• Berseemclover
• Wintervetch
Cover crops
Vicarage,plough,2019Vicarage,powerharrow,2019 Eastfield,2019
Pea yields 2019
Approx.drillingdateMoisture%~Yield,R²=>0.80
PodfillR²=>0.75
Increasedmoistureretentionatdrillingandduringpodfillimprovedyield.
Eastfield,2019
Soil structure
Approx.70cmdeep
Goodstructurevitalforcorrectrootdevelopmentandthusresiliencetostressanddisease.
Conclusions
Yield
WaterbalanceSoilstructure
Covercrops
Compaction
Footrot Improvement
Improvement
Improvement
Reduction
Reduction
Recommendation
• Oatbasedcovercropmixtures-goodpartnersarephacelia,potentiallycloverorvetch(nonegativeimpactonfootrotobserved)• Sowclovercarefully–doesnotliketobeburied• Bestavoidusingoilradishpriortopeas–seemstoincreasefootrotrisk
Recommendation
• Drillcovercropsearly,ideallymid-August(mid-Septemberattheverylatest)• Destroycovercropsabout6weekspriortodrillingpeas(fromaroundtheendofJanuary)• Shallowcultivationspriortopeasseemsufficient–nocontaminationissuesandpreservespositiveeffectsonsoilstructure
Thank you
• GreenPeaCompany• HolbeachMarshCo-operative• BruceFarms
• [email protected]• 07583524188
• Technicalreportsonthecovercropworkcanbefoundathttps://www.pgro.org/r-d-news/
