jackshine.jpg 2faculty.mercer.edu/huber_ta/huber BIO 210/huberbio212f17index/F17...LM 28 Figure not...
Transcript of jackshine.jpg 2faculty.mercer.edu/huber_ta/huber BIO 210/huberbio212f17index/F17...LM 28 Figure not...
Fight-or-Flight Response (Sympathetic Nervous System)
•Heart beats more rapidly and more forcefully•Blood pressure is elevated by generalized constriction of blood vessels (except thosesupplying skeletal muscle cells, which dilate)
•Respiratory airways open wide•Glycogen and fat stores are broken down for
energy
•Pupils dilate•Sweating increases•Digestive and urinary activities are inhibited
3
THEMES IN THE STUDY OF LIFE•New properties emerge at successive levels of biological hierarchy. (esp. muscles:
muscle, bundle of muscle fibers, muscle fiber (cell), myofibril, sarcomere, thick & thin filaments)
– The cell is an organism’s basic unit of structure and function. (esp. muscle cells, endocrine cells, & nerve cells)
– Structure and function are correlated at all levels of biological organization. (esp. myofibril structure)
•Life’s processes involve the expression and transmission of genetic information.
•Life requires the transfer and transformation of energy and matter.
•From ecosystems to molecules, interactions are important to biological systems.– Feedback mechanisms regulate biological systems. – Organisms interact with other organisms and the physical environment. (esp. nervous
system and endocrine system)
•Evolution – biology’s core theme – accounts for the unity and diversity of life.
SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY IN BIOLOGY •In studying nature, scientists make observations and then form and test hypotheses.
– Science uses many technologies for specific goals of inquiry. (esp. transmission electron microscopy)
•Science benefits from a cooperative approach and diverse viewpoints.4
6
i.e., Somatic system
e.g. odorant
molecules
e.g., G-
protein-
linked
odorant
receptors
e.g., olfactory
sensory
neurons
Fig. 49.8
http://faculty.etsu.edu/currie/images/neuro4.jpg
8
Ach =
Acetylcholine
NE =
Norepinephrine
Somatic Nervous (Motor) System
Autonomic Nervous System
Figure not from textbook
Individual muscle fibers (muscle cells); note multiple nuclei (each one several
sarcomeres long); there are parts of three muscle fibers in the right hand view;
striations are obvious, A-bands (dark stain) alternating with I-bands (lighter stain)
14Figure not from textbook
http://www.apsu.edu/thompsonj/Anatomy%20&%20Physiology/2010/2010%20Exam%20Reviews/Exam%203%20Review/sarc
omere-e.m.-large-a.bmp 15Figure not from textbook
http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/9/9f/350px-Glycogen.png
Only reducing end
One of many nonreducing ends
25
Figure not
from
textbook
Synaptic terminal
(button) of motor neuron
on muscle fiber (cell);
note many dark stained
synaptic vesicles in the
synaptic button and the
thin axon that leads to it;
LM
28
Figure not
from
textbook
http://www.bu.edu/histology/i/21602ooa.jpg
http://www.bu.edu/histology/m/t_muscle.htm
31Figure not from textbook
http://www.scielo.cl/fbpe/img/bres/v37n4/fig02.gif
Calcium release
channels (here labeled
RyR1 and RyR3) in
sarcoplasmic reticulum
Voltage sensors
(here labeled
DHPR) of the
central T-tubule
Model of Triad
Junction
(Calcium
Release Unit)33
Figure not from textbook
http://www.aups.org.au/Proceedings/37/1-13/Figure_1.jpg
TEM of Triad Junction (= Calcium Release Unit)
34Figure not from textbook
http://www.brownreclusespider.org/black-widow-spider/difference-
male-female-black-widow-spider.jpg
39
http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/9/9f/350px-Glycogen.png56
Figure not from textbook
71
Adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH)
Adrenal cortex cells
secrete
glucocorticoids
Stress!
ACTH-releasing
hormone
Break down protein and fats
to produce glucose
Figure not from
textbook
THEMES IN THE STUDY OF LIFE•New properties emerge at successive levels of biological hierarchy. (esp. muscles:
muscle, bundle of muscle fibers, muscle fiber (cell), myofibril, sarcomere, thick & thin filaments)
– The cell is an organism’s basic unit of structure and function. (esp. muscle cells, endocrine cells, & nerve cells)
– Structure and function are correlated at all levels of biological organization. (esp. myofibril structure)
•Life’s processes involve the expression and transmission of genetic information.
•Life requires the transfer and transformation of energy and matter.
•From ecosystems to molecules, interactions are important to biological systems.– Feedback mechanisms regulate biological systems. – Organisms interact with other organisms and the physical environment. (esp. nervous
system and endocrine system)
•Evolution – biology’s core theme – accounts for the unity and diversity of life.
SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY IN BIOLOGY •In studying nature, scientists make observations and then form and test hypotheses.
– Science uses many technologies for specific goals of inquiry. (esp. transmission electron microscopy)
•Science benefits from a cooperative approach and diverse viewpoints.77