PDC+++ Module 4 Class 6 Renewables
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Transcript of PDC+++ Module 4 Class 6 Renewables
Energy & EcoTechnologyModule 4 of the PDC+++PDC
++
+We dedicate this Module to the Mother &
Father of Integral Permaculture: Dana Meadows & Howard Odum, two original
pioneers who helped humanity make great strides in understanding systemic
thinking, in all four quadrants.
What Energy Sources are available & how do they work?Civilizations are based on the fuels they use to power themselves.
The fuel determines the technologies used, and the technologies determine the lifestyles, economies, and eventually the entire culture.
So the transition to sustainable fuels is critical if we wish to design sustainable cultures.
This class explores which fuels can be considered 'renewable' & under which circumstances.
Also we look into the various transformer technologies which are needed to make this energy available to us, how they are most effectively used and we
explore what a truly 'solar-powered civilization' might look like.
Class M4.6
Renewables
M4.6 * What Energy Sources are available & how do they Work?
Energy Sources & Societal Design
Jeevon's Paradox
Gravitational
GeoThermal
Solar Energy
Leverage Points in a System
Direct Link to this chapter in the e-book: www.bit.ly/Renewables46
M4.6 * What Energy Sources are available & how do they Work?
Energy Sources & Societal Design
Jeevon's Paradox
Gravitational
GeoThermal
Solar Energy
Leverage Points in a System
Direct Link to this chapter in the e-book: www.bit.ly/Renewables46
biodiversity extinction
&the 'gray
wave'
PEAK OIL CLIMATE CHANGE
monetary instability
& the
information revolution
20002020
“In times of extraordinary
change,
the problem is NOT in achieving all that we could dream,
but in NOT dreaming all that
we could achieve”
(Dee Hock)... things are a lot more interesting than we usually
imagine ...
in the last 20years, the 500 largest firms in the world
increased their production & sales by 700% whilst
REDUCING their labour force
right now are alive 3/4 of the 65+ year olds that
have ever lived. A fundamental problem of
the 21st century.
“That you may live in interesting times”
we are destroying 200 species per day - all being tranformed to
human biomass
energy-matter
What happens with sources & consumption of energy?
BioEnergies Fossil Fuels + Nuclear
knowledge >> general principles
What happens with complexity?
300.000 emjoules are needed to produce a joule of electric
energy
See Class M4.4 Energy
& Class M4.4 Odum
A society RE-DESIGNED for an energy descentHT Odum "A Prosperous Way Down"
Basically there are 3Energy SOURCES:
Thermo-SolarPhotovoltaicWindWaves Hydro BioEnergy(Plants & Animals)
Fossil Reserves (Coal, Oil, Gas)
GravitationalGeoThermic
Solar
source: The Ecologist Magazine
Tidal Dams
Gas from Rubbish
Marine Wind
Small Hydro
Terrestial Wind
Big Hydro
Concentrated Solar
Tidal Currents
Waves
Solid Biomass
Thermo-Solar
PhotoVoltaic
Conventional Coal
GeoThermal
Nuclear
Heat Pumps
Clean Coal
BioDiesel
Ethanol
Tar Sands
GeoTherma
l
Gravi-tational
Solar
M4.6 * What Energy Sources are available & how do they Work?
Energy Sources & Societal Design
Jeevon's Paradox
Gravitational
GeoThermal
Solar Energy
Leverage Points in a System
Direct Link to this chapter in the e-book: www.bit.ly/Renewables46
In 1865, the English economist William Stanley Jevons observed that technological improvements that increased the efficiency of coal use led to the increased consumption of
coal in a wide range of industries. He argued that, contrary to common intuition, technological improvements could not be
relied upon to reduce fuel consumption.
History has repeatedly shown that energy-efficiency rarely leads to net energy reduction. In fact, quite frequently, efficiency improvements make things worse by actually encouraging a net waste in energy. This counter-intuitive effect is known as the Jevons Paradox.
The end aim is ENERGY
REDUCTION
NOT higher
efficiencies
M4.6 * What Energy Sources are available & how do they Work?
Energy Sources & Societal Design
Jeevon's Paradox
Gravitational
GeoThermal
Solar Energy
Leverage Points in a System
Direct Link to this chapter in the e-book: www.bit.ly/Renewables46
Gravitational Energy
Height of tides in the port of Brest (France) in December 2000
Gravitational Energy
TIDAL POWER(SeaGen in
Strangford Lough, UK)
(PowerBuoy in Reedsport, Oregon)
WAVE POWER
M4.6 * What Energy Sources are available & how do they Work?
Energy Sources & Societal Design
Jeevon's Paradox
Gravitational
GeoThermal
Solar Energy
Leverage Points in a System
Direct Link to this chapter in the e-book: www.bit.ly/Renewables46
Geothermal gradient
Geothermal Energy
¡
Applications
Geothermal Energy
Biggest hotspots in the world
Geothermal Energy
High-temperature deposits (>100ºC): Electricity generation
Geothermal Energy
Geothermal Energy
Mid-temperature deposits (>30ºC & <100ºC): Heating
Geothermal Energy
Mid-temperature deposits (>30ºC & <100ºC): Heating
Geothermal Energy
Low-temperature deposits (<30ºC): Heat pump
Geothermal Energy
Low-temperature deposits (<30ºC): Heat pump
Geothermal Energy
Low-temperature deposits (<30ºC): Heat pump
GeoVentilation: Canadian Well
Winter:Outside temperature 3º CHouse air inflow 14.5º C
Summer:Outside temperature 31.5º CHouse air inflow 19.5º C
Geothermal Energy
M4.6 * What Energy Sources are available & how do they Work?
Energy Sources & Societal Design
Jeevon's Paradox
Gravitational
GeoThermal
Solar Energy
Leverage Points in a System
Direct Link to this chapter in the e-book: www.bit.ly/Renewables46
Sunlight in the areas represented by black disks could produce enough energy to power the world. Credit: ez2c.de
Solar Thermal Energy
Photovoltaics
Wind power
Hydropower
BioMass(Plants & Animals)
GravitationalGeoThermal
Solar
Solar Thermal Energy
Direct Circulation
Forced Circulation
Solar Thermal Energy
We’ll study many solar devices in the M4.9 & M4.10 – EcoScience – classes… and you can build many of them :)
Solar Thermal Energy
Solar Thermal Energy
Photovoltaics
Wind power
Hydropower
BioMass(Plants & Animals)
GravitationalGeoThermal
Solar
Photovoltaics
Isolated
Photovoltaics
Connecting to the grid
Photovoltaics
Connecting to the grid
Photovoltaics
Connecting to the grid
Photovoltaics
Connecting to the grid
Photovoltaics
Solar Cooperative
Photovoltaics
Photovoltaics
Solar Guerrilla
Solar Thermal Energy
Photovoltaics
Wind power
Hydropower
BioMass(Plants & Animals)
GravitationalGeoThermal
Solar
Connecting to the grid
Wind Power
Micro Wind Turbines
Wind Power
Homemade Wind Power
Wind Power
Solar Thermal Energy
Photovoltaics
Wind power
Hydropower
BioMass(Plants & Animals)
GravitationalGeoThermal
Solar
HydroPower
MicroHyro Systems
Solar Thermal Energy
Photovoltaics
Wind power
Hydropower
BioMass(Plants & Animals)
GravitationalGeoThermal
Solar
Biomass boiler
Biomass
District heating
Biomass
Electricity generation
Biomass
Efficient stoves
Biomass
Biogas
Biomass
Biogas
Biomass
Used oil biodiesel
Biomass
M4.6 * What Energy Sources are available & how do they Work?
Energy Sources & Societal Design
Jeevon's Paradox
Gravitational
GeoThermal
Solar Energy
Leverage Points in a System
Direct Link to this chapter in the e-book: www.bit.ly/Renewables46
PermaCulture we're building
What we've got / already built
Class M4.5
Meadows9) Numbers.
8) Material stocks and flows
7) Regulating negative feedback loops.
6) Driving positive feedback loops.
5) Information flows.
4) The rules of the system (incentives, punishments, constraints).
3) The power of self-organization
2)The goals of the system
1) The mindset or paradigm out of which the system arises
0) The power to transcend paradigms
Places to Intervenein a System
DESIGN is
conscious creation
DeGrowth!
The GOALS of the System
The mind-set or
paradigm
&FACILITATEhealing of addictions
Re-design myths!
Mad Max etc. ... apocalyptic cinema
a flotilla of rescue-boats is
not enough
Whilst current society (the Destructo-Culture) continues sailing along, in great part ignorant of its wake-up call with Nature...
A) enjoying the view, B) re-organizing the deck-chairsHow many are still :
C) trying to persuade the captains to change course?
in the modern Titanic ...
beyond the ABC
The Jetsons, Venus Project, etc.“TechnoFantasy”
The Metaphor of the Chrisalis
The waking of Planetary Consciousness
after much
pruning & eating
the caterpillar encloses itself in a chrysalis
& some imaginal cells appear, apparently ‘from nowhere’ ... & at the start are killedas ‘foreign’ to the system
... when the chrysalis opens, acompletely new creature emerges
& dramatica
lly change
the design
... but then more & moreimaginal cells appear,
& little by little they groupto form new organs
The Green Planet, Avatar, ...
PermaCultureScience.com
PermaCulture we're building
What we've got / already built
Class M4.5
Meadows9) Numbers.
8) Material stocks and flows
7) Regulating negative feedback loops.
6) Driving positive feedback loops.
5) Information flows.
4) The rules of the system (incentives, punishments, constraints).
3) The power of self-organization
2)The goals of the system
1) The mindset or paradigm out of which the system arises
0) The power to transcend paradigms
Places to Intervenein a System
We are all in Transition, Re-designing ...as imaginal cells (activists)
& we need to CONNECT in order to co-create the new structure, together
Inventing our new butterflyself (empowered)
M4.6 * What Energy Sources are available & how do they Work?
Energy Sources & Societal Design
Jeevon's Paradox
Gravitational
GeoThermal
Solar Energy
Leverage Points in a System
In the e-book: www.bit.ly/Renewable
s46
Our Imagination, Hope, Intelligence, Optimism