PD 1083 MUSLIM PERSONAL LAW

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TodayisThursday,June11,2015

MALACAANGManila

PRESIDENTIALDECREENo.1083

ADECREETOORDAINANDPROMULGATEACODERECOGNIZINGTHESYSTEMOFFILIPINOMUSLIMLAWS,CODIFYINGMUSLIMPERSONALLAWS,ANDPROVIDINGFORITSADMINISTRATIONANDFOR

OTHERPURPOSES

WHEREAS,pursuanttothespiritoftheprovisionoftheConstitutionofthePhilippinesthat,inordertopromotetheadvancementandeffectiveparticipationoftheNationalCulturalCommunitiesinthebuildingoftheNewSociety,theState shall consider their customs, traditions, beliefs and interests in the formulation and implementation of itspolicies

WHEREAS, Islamic lawand itsprinciplesofequityand justice, towhich theFilipinoMuslimcommunitiesadhere,provideanessentialbasisfor thefullerdevelopmentofsaidcommunities inrelationtothesearchforharmoniousrelationsofallsegmentsoftheFilipinonationtoenhancenationalunity

WHEREAS, theenforcement,with the full sanctionof theState,of the legalsystemof theFilipinoMuslimsshallredoundtotheattainmentofamoreorderedlifeamongstthem

WHEREAS, it is the intense desire of the NewSociety to strengthen all the ethnolinguistic communities in thePhilippineswithinthecontextoftheirrespectivewaysoflifeinordertobringaboutacumulativeresultsatisfyingtherequirementsofnationalsolidarityandsocialjustice

NOW,THEREFORE, I, FERDINANDE.MARCOS,President of theRepublic of thePhilippines, by virtue of thepowersvestedinmebytheConstitutionofthePhilippines,doherebyordainandpromulgatethe"CodeofMuslimPersonalLawsofthePhilippines"aspartofthelawofthelandherebydecree:

BOOKONEGENERALPROVISIONS

TITLEITITLEANDPURPOSESOFCODE

Article1.Title.Thisdecreeshallbeknownasthe"CodeofMuslimPersonalLawsofthePhilippines."

Article 2.Purpose of Code. Pursuant to Section 11 of Article XV of the Constitution of the Philippines, whichprovidesthat"TheStateshallconsiderthecustoms,traditions,beliefsandinterestsofnationalculturalcommunitiesintheformulationandimplementationofstatepolicies,"thisCode:

(a)RecognizesthelegalsystemoftheMuslimsinthePhilippinesaspartofthelawofthelandandseekstomakeIslamicinstitutionsmoreeffective

(b)CodifiesMuslimpersonallawsand

(c)ProvidesforaneffectiveadministrationandenforcementofMuslimpersonallawsamongMuslims.

TITLEII.CONSTRUCTIONOFCODEANDDEFINITIONOFTERMS

Article3.Conflictofprovisions.

(1) Incaseofconflictbetweenanyprovisionof thisCodeand lawsofgeneralapplication, the formershallprevail.

(2)ShouldtheconflictbebetweenanyprovisionofthisCodeandspeciallawsorlawsoflocalapplication,thelattershallbeliberallyconstruedinordertocarryouttheformer.

(3)TheprovisionsofthisCodeshallbeapplicableonlytoMuslimsandnothinghereinshallbeconstruedto

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operatetotheprejudiceofanonMuslim.

Article4.Constructionandinterpretation.

(1) In the construction and interpretation of this Code and other Muslim laws, the court shall take intoconsiderationtheprimarysourcesofMuslimlaw.

(2)Standard treatisesandworksonMuslim lawand jurisprudenceshallbegivenpersuasiveweight in theinterpretationofMuslimlaw.

Article5.ProofofMuslimlawand'ada.Muslimlawand'adanotembodiedinthisCodeshallbeproveninevidenceasafact.No'adawhichiscontrarytotheConstitutionofthePhilippines,thisCode,Muslimlaw,publicorder,publicpolicyorpublicinterestshallbegivenanylegaleffect.

Article6.ConflictinIslamicschoolsoflaw.

(1)Shouldtherebeanyconflictamongtheorthodox(Sunni)Muslimschoolsoflaw(Madhahib),thatwhichisin consonance with the Constitution of the Philippines, this Code, public order, public policy and publicinterestshallbegiveneffect.

(2)TheMuslimschoolsoflawshall,forpurposesofthisCode,betheHanfi,theHanbali,theMalikiandtheShafi'i.

Article7.Definitionofterms.Unlessthecontextotherwiseprovides:

(a)"AgamaArbitrationCouncil"meansabodycomposedoftheChairmanandarepresentativeofeachofthepartiestoconstituteacounciltotakeallnecessarystepsforresolvingconflictsbetweenthem.

(b)"Ada"meanscustomarylaw.

(c)"GeneralRegister"meanstheGeneralRegisterofmarriages,divorces,revocationofdivorces,conversionandsuchotherdeedsorinstrumentskeptbytheRegistrarunderthisCode.

(d)"Ihram"signifiesthestateofritualconsecrationofapersonwhileonpilgrimagetoMecca.

(e)"Madhhab"(plural,Madhahib)meansanyofthefourorthodox(Sunni)schoolsofMuslimlaw.

(f)"Month"meansaperiodofthirtydays.

(g) "Muslim" is a person who testifies to the oneness of God and the Prophethood of Muhammad andprofessesIslam.

(h)"MuslimLaw"(Shari'a)referstoalltheordinancesandregulationsgoverningMuslimsasfoundprincipallyintheQur'anandtheHadith.

(i)"MuslimPersonalLaw"includesalllawsrelatingtopersonalstatus,marriageanddivorce,matrimonialandfamilyrelations,successionandinheritance,andpropertyrelationsbetweenspousesasprovidedforinthisCode.

BOOKTWOPERSONSANDFAMILYRELATIONS

TITLEICIVILPERSONALITY(SHAKHSIYAHMADANIYA)

Article8.Legalcapacity.Juridicalcapacity,which is the fitness tobe thesubjectof legal relations, is inherent ineverynaturalpersonandislostonlythroughdeath.Capacitytoact,whichisthepowertodoactswithlegaleffect,isacquiredandmaybelost.

Article9.Restrictionsoncapacity.Thefollowingcircumstances,amongothers,modifyorlimitcapacitytoact:age,insanity,imbecility,thestateofbeingdeafmute,theconditionofdeathillness(maradulmaut),penalty,prodigality,absence, family relations, alienage, insolvency, and trusteeship. The consequences of these circumstances aregovernedbythisCodeandotherIslamiclawsand,inasuppletorymanner,byotherlaws.

Article10.Personality,howacquired.Birthdeterminespersonalitybuttheconceivedchildshallbeconsideredbornfor all purposes that are favorable to it, provided it be born alive, however, briefly, at the time it is completelydeliveredfromthemother'swomb.

Article11.Extinctionofpersonality.

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(1) Civil personality is extinguished by death. The effect of death upon the rights and obligations of adeceasedpersonisdeterminedbythisCode,bycontract,andbywill.

(2)Afteranabsenceof sevenyears, it beingunknownwhetherornot theabsenteestill lives,heshall bepresumeddead.

Article12.Simultaneousdeath.If,asbetweentwoormorepersonswhoarecalledtosucceedeachother,thereisadoubtastowhichofthemdiedfirst,whoeverallegesthedeathofonepriortotheothershallprovethesameintheabsenceofsuchproof, it ispresumed that theydiedat thesame timeand thereshallbeno transmissionofrightsfromonetotheother.However,thesuccessionalrightsoftheirrespectiveheirsshallnotbeaffected.

TITLEIIMARRIAGEANDDIVORCE

ChapterOneAPPLICABILITYCLAUSE

Article13.Application.

(1) The provisions of this Title shall apply to marriage and divorce wherein both parties are Muslims, orwhereinonlythemalepartyisaMuslimandthemarriageissolemnizedinaccordancewithMuslimlaworthisCodeinanypartofthePhilippines.

(2)IncaseofmarriagebetweenaMuslimandanonMuslim,solemnizednotinaccordancewithMuslimlaworthisCode,theCivilCodeofthePhilippinesshallapply.

(3)Subjecttotheprovisionsoftheprecedingparagraphs,theessentialrequisitesandlegalimpedimentstomarriage, divorce, paternity and filiation, guardianship and custody of minors, support and maintenance,claimsforcustomarydower(mahr),betrothal,breachofcontracttomarry,solemnizationandregistrationofmarriageanddivorce,rightsandobligationsbetweenhusbandandwifeparentalauthority,andtheproperlyrelationsbetweenhusbandandwifeshallbegovernedbythisCodeandotherapplicableMuslimlaws.

ChapterTwo

MARRIAGE(NIKAH)

Section1.RequisitesofMarriage

Article 14.Nature. Marriage is not only a civil contract but a social institution. Its nature, consequences andincidents are governed by this Code and the Shari'a and not subject to stipulation, except that the marriagesettlementsmaytoacertainextentfixthepropertyrelationsofthespouses.

Article15.Essentialrequisites.Nomarriagecontractshallbeperfectedunlessthefollowingessentialrequisitesarecompiledwith:

(a)Legalcapacityofthecontractingparties

(b)Mutualconsentofthepartiesfreelygiven

(c)Offer (ijab) andacceptance (qabul) dulywitnessedbyat least two competent personsafter theproperguardianinmarriage(wali)hasgivenhisconsentand

(d)Stipulationofcustomarydower(mahr)dulywitnessedbytwocompetentpersons.

Article16.Capacitytocontractmarriage.

(1)AnyMuslimmaleat least fifteenyearsofageandanyMuslimfemaleof theageofpubertyorupwardsandnotsufferingfromanyimpedimentundertheprovisionsofthisCodemaycontractmarriage.Afemaleispresumedtohaveattainedpubertyuponreachingtheageoffifteen.

(2)However, theShari'aDistrictCourtmay, uponpetition of a properwali, order the solemnization of themarriageofafemalewhothoughlessthanfifteenbutnotbelowtwelveyearsofage,hasattainedpuberty.

(3)Marriagethroughawalibyaminorbelowtheprescribedagesshallberegardedasbetrothalandmaybeannulled upon the petition of either partywithin four years after attaining the age of puberty, provided novoluntarycohabitationhastakenplaceandthewaliwhocontractedthemarriagewasotherthanthefatherorpaternalgrandfather.

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Article17.Marriageceremony.Noparticular formofmarriageceremony isrequiredbut the ijabandthegabul inmarriage shall be declared publicly in the presence of the person solemnizing themarriage and two competentwitnesses. This declaration shall be set forth in an instrument in triplicate, signed ormarked by the contractingpartiesandsaidwitnesses,andattestedby thepersonsolemnizingthemarriage.Onecopyshallbegivento thecontractingpartiesandanothersenttotheCircuitRegistrarbythesolemnizingofficerwhoshallkeepthethird.

Article18.Authoritytosolemnizemarriage.Marriagemaybesolemnized:

(a)Bytheproperwaliofthewomantobewedded

(b) Upon authority of the proper wali, by any person who is competent under Muslim law to solemnizemarriageor

(c)BythejudgeoftheShari'aDistrictCourtofShari'aCircuitCourtoranypersondesignatedbythejudge,shouldtheproperwalirefusewithoutjustifiablereason,toauthorizethesolemnization.

Article19.Placeofsolemnization.Marriageshallbesolemnizedpubliclyinanymosque,officeoftheShari'ajudge,officeof theDistrictorCircuitRegistrar, residenceof thebrideorherwali,oratanyothersuitableplaceagreeduponbytheparties.

Article20.Specificationofdower.Theamountorvalueofdowermaybe fixedby thecontractingparties (marhmusamma)before,during,orafterthecelebrationofthemarriage.Iftheamountorthevaluethereofhasnotbeensofixed,aproperdower(mahrmithl)shall,uponpetitionofthewife,bedeterminedbythecourtaccordingtothesocialstandingoftheparties.

Article 21.Payment of dower. Subject to the stipulation of the parties, the dowermay be fully or partially paidbefore,during,orafterthemarriage.Thepropertyorestateofthehusbandshallbeliablefortheunpaiddower,oranypartthereof.

Article 22.Breach of contract. Any person who has entered into a contract to marry but subsequently refuseswithout reasonable ground to marry the other party who is willing to perform the same shall pay the latter theexpensesincurredforthepreparationofthemarriageandsuchdamagesasmaybegrantedbythecourt.

Section2.ProhibitedMarriages

Article23.Basesofprohibition.Nomarriagemaybecontractedbypartieswithintheprohibiteddegrees:

(a)Ofconsanguinity

(b)Ofaffinityand

(c)Offosterage.

Article24.Prohibitionbyconsanguinity(tahrimjbinnasab).Nomarriageshallbecontractedbetween:

(a)Ascendantsanddescendantsofanydegree

(b)Brothersandsisters,whethergermane,consanguineoruterineand

(c)Brothersorsistersandtheirdescendantswithinthethirdcivildegree.

Article25.Prohibitionbyaffinity(tahrimbillmusahara).(1)Nomarriageshallbecontractedbetween:

(a)Anyofthespousesandtheirrespectiveaffinalrelativesintheascendinglineandinthecollaterallinewithinthethirddegree

(b)Stepfatherandstepdaughterwhen themarriagebetween the formerand themotherof the latterhasbeenconsummated

(c)Stepmother and stepsonwhen themarriagebetween the former and the father of the latter hasbeenconsummatedand

(d)Stepsonorstepdaughterandthewidow,widowerordivorceeoftheirrespectiveascendants.

(2) The prohibition under this article applies even after the dissolution of themarriage creating the affinalrelationship.

Article26.Prohibitionduetofosterage(tahrimbirrada'a).

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(1)Nopersonmayvalidlycontractmarriagewithanywomanwhobreastfedhimforatleastfivetimeswithintwoyearsafterhisbirth.

(2) The prohibition on marriage by reason of consanguinity shall likewise apply to persons related byfosteragewithinthesamedegrees,subjecttoexceptionrecognizedbyMuslimlaw.

Section3.SubsequentMarriages

Article27.Byahusband.NotwithstandingtheruleofIslamiclawpermittingaMuslimtohavemorethanonewifebutonewifeunlesshecandealwiththemwithequalcompanionshipandjusttreatmentasenjoinedbyIslamiclawandonlyinexceptionalcases.

Article28.Bywidow.Nowidow shall contract a subsequentmarriageunless shehas observedan 'iddaof fourmonthsandtendayscountedfromthedateofthedeathofherhusband.Ifatthattimethewidowispregnant,shemay remarry within a reasonable time after delivery. In such case, she shall produce the corresponding deathcertificate.

Article29.Bydivorcee.

(1) No woman shall contract a subsequent marriage unless she has observed an 'idda of three monthlycoursescounted from thedateofdivorce.However, if she ispregnantat the timeof thedivorce,shemayremarryonlyafterdelivery.

(2)Shoulda repudiatedwomanandherhusbandreconcileduringher 'idda,heshallhaveabetter right totakeherbackwithoutneedofanewmarriagecontract.

(3)Whereit isindubitablethatthemarriagehasnotbeenconsummatedwhenthedivorcewasaffected,no'iddashallberequired.

Article30.Marriageafterthreetalaq.

(1)Whereawifehasbeenthricerepudiated(talaqbainlubra)onthreedifferentoccasionsbyherhusband,hecannotremarryherunlesssheshallhavemarriedanotherpersonwhodivorcesherafterconsummationoftheinterveningmarriageandtheexpirationofthe'idda.

(2) No solemnizing officer shall perform the subsequent marriage mentioned in the preceding paragraphunlesshehasascertainedthattherewasnocollusionamongtheparties.

Section4.BatilandFasiMarriages

Article31.Batilmarriages.Thefollowingmarriagesshallbevoid(batil)fromthebeginning:

(a)ThosecontractedcontrarytoArticles23,24,25and26

(b)Thosecontractedincontraventionoftheprohibitionagainstunlawfulconjunctionand

(c)Thosecontractedbypartiesoneorbothofwhomhavebeenfoundguiltyofhavingkilledthespouseofeitherofthem.

Article32.Fasidmarriages.Thefollowingmarriagesshallbeirregular(fasid)fromtheirperformance:

(a)Thosecontractedwithafemaleobserving'idda

(b)ThosecontractedcontrarytoArticle30

(c) Those wherein the consent of either party is vitiated by violence, intimidation, fraud, deceit ormisrepresentation

(d) Those contracted by a party in a condition of deathillness (maradulmault) without the same beingconsummated

(e)Thosecontractedbyapartyinastateofihramand

(f)MixedmarriagesnotallowedunderIslamiclaw.

Article 33. Validation of irregular marriages. (1) Irregular marriages may be made regular by a new marriagecontractinthefollowingcases:

(a)ThosereferredtoinArticle32(a),aftertheimpedimenthasbeenremoved

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(b)ThosereferredtoinArticle32(b),uponcompliancewiththerequirementofArticle30

(c)ThosereferredtoinArticle32(c),afterthecausesvitiatingconsenthaveceased

(d)ThosereferredtoinArticle32(d),incasethepartyrecovers.

(e)ThosereferredtoinArticle32(e),whenthepartyisnolongerinastateofihramand

(f)ThosereferredtoinArticle32(f),afterconversiontoafaiththatcouldhavemadethemarriagevalid.

(2)Theeffectsofthenewmarriageunderthefirstparagraphshallretroacttothedateofthecelebrationoftheirregularmarriage.

Section5.RightsandObligationsBetweenSpouses

Article34.Mutualrightsandobligations.

(1)Thehusbandand thewifeareobliged to live together,observemutual respectand fidelity,and rendermutualhelpandsupportinaccordancewiththisCode.

(2)Whenoneofthespousesneglectshisorherdutiestotheconjugalunionorbringsdanger,dishonorormaterial injuryupontheother, the injuredpartymaypetition thecourt forrelief.Thecourtmaycounsel theoffendertocomplywithhisorherduties,andtakesuchmeasuresasmaybeproper.

(3)ThehusbandandthewifeshallinheritfromeachotherinaccordancewiththisCode.

(4)ThehusbandandthewifeshallhavetherighttodivorceinaccordancewiththisCode.

Article35.Rightsandobligationsofthehusband.Thehusbandshallfixtheresidenceofthefamily.Thecourtmayexemptthewifefromlivingwithherhusbandonanyofthefollowinggrounds:

(a)Herdowerisnotsatisfiedinaccordancewiththestipulationsor

(b) The conjugal dwelling is not in keepingwith her social standing or is, for any reason, not safe for themembersofthefamilyorherproperty.

Article36.Rightsandobligationsofthewife.

(1)Thewifeshalldutifullymanagetheaffairsofthehousehold.Shemaypurchasethingsnecessaryforthemaintenance of the family, and the husband shall be bound to reimburse the expenses, if he has notdeliveredthepropersum.

(2)Thewifecannot,withoutthehusband'sconsent,acquireanypropertybygratuitoustitle,exceptfromherrelativeswhoarewithintheprohibiteddegreesinmarriage.

(3) Thewifemay,with her husband's consent, exercise any profession or occupation or engage in lawfulbusinesswhich is inkeepingwith Islamicmodestyandvirtue.However, if thehusband refuses togivehisconsent on the ground that his income is sufficient for the family according to its social standing or hisopposition is based on serious and valid grounds, the matter shall be referred to the Agama ArbitrationCouncil.

(4)Thewifeshallhavetherighttodemandthesatisfactionofhermahr.

(5)Unlessotherwisestipulated in themarriagesettlements, thewiferetainownershipandadministrationofherexclusiveproperty.

(6)Thewifeshallbeentitledtoanequalandjusttreatmentbythehusband.

Section6.PropertyRelationsBetweenSpouses

Article 37.Howgoverned. The property relations between husband andwife shall be governed in the followingorder:

(a)Bycontractbeforeoratthetimeofthecelebrationofmarriage

(b)BytheprovisionsofthisCodeand

(c)Bycustom.

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Article 38.Regime of property relations. The property relations between the spouses, in the absence of anystipulation to the contrary in themarriage settlementsor anyother contract, shall begovernedby the regimeofcompleteseparationofpropertyinaccordancewiththisCodeand,inasuppletorymanner,bythegeneralprinciplesofIslamiclawandtheCivilCodeofthePhilippines.

Article39.Stipulationinthemarriagesettlements.Everystipulationinthemarriagesettlementsorcontractreferredtointheprecedingarticleshallbevoidandwithouteffectwhatsoever,shouldthemarriagenotakeplace.However,stipulationsthatdonotdependuponthecontractofmarriageshallbevalid.

Article40.Antenuptialproperty.Thewifeshallnotloseownershipandadministrationofallpropertiesbroughtbyhertothemarriageintheabsenceofanywrittenagreementtothecontrary,andshemaydisposeofthesamebydeedorotherwiseevenwithouttheconsentofherhusband.

Article41.Exclusivepropertyofeachspouse.Thefollowingshallbetheexclusivepropertyofeitherspouse:

(a)Propertiesbroughttothemarriagebythehusbandorthewife

(b)Allincomederivedbyeitherspousefromanyemployment,occupationortrade

(c)Anymoneyorpropertyacquiredbyeitherspouseduringmarriagebylucrativetitle

(d)Thedower(mahr)ofthewifeandnuptialgiftstoeachspouse

(e)Propertiesacquiredbyrightofredemption,purchaseorexchangeoftheexclusivepropertyofeitherand

(f)Allfruitsofpropertiesintheforegoingparagraphs.

Article42.Ownershipandadministration.Eachspouseshallown,possess,administer,enjoyanddisposeofhisorher ownexclusiveestateevenwithout the consent of theother.However, the courtmay, uponpetitionof eitherspouse,granttotheothertheadministrationofsuchproperty.

Article43.Householdproperty.Householdpropertywhichcustomarilypertainstoorisusedbyeitherspouseshallbeprimafaciepresumedtobethepropertyofsaidspouse.

Article44.Righttosueandbesued.Thewifemay,independentlyofthehusband,sueorbesuedinthefollowingcases:

(a)Whenthelitigationisbetweenhusbandandwife

(b)Ifthesuitconcernsherexclusiveproperty

(c)Ifthelitigationisincidentaltoherprofession,occupationorbusiness

(d) If the litigation concerns the exclusive property of the husband, the administration of which has beentransferredtoheror

(e)SuchotherappropriatecasesasmaybefollowedbythegeneralprinciplesofIslamiclawandotherlaws.

ChapterThreeDIVORCE(TALAQ)

Section1.NatureandForm

Article45.Definitionandforms.DivorceistheformaldissolutionofthemarriagebondinaccordancewiththisCodeto be granted only after the exhaustion of all possiblemeans of reconciliation between the spouses. It may beeffectedby:

(a)Repudiationofthewifebythehusband(talaq)

(b)Vowofcontinencebythehusband(ila)

(c)Injuriousassanilationofthewifebythehusband(zihar)

(d)Actsofimprecation(li'an)

(e)Redemptionbythewife(khul')

(f)Exercisebythewifeofthedelegatedrighttorepudiate(tafwld)or

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(g)Judicialdecree(faskh).

Article46.Divorcebytalaq.

(1)Adivorceby talaqmaybeaffectedby thehusband in a single repudiationof hiswife duringher nonmenstrual period (tuhr)withinwhich he has totally abstained fromcarnal relationwith her.Any number ofrepudiationsmadeduringone tuhrshallconstituteonlyone repudiationandshallbecome irrevocableaftertheexpirationoftheprescribed'idda.

(2)Ahusbandwhorepudiateshiswife,eitherforthefirstorsecondtime,shallhavetherighttotakeherback(ruju)within theprescribed 'iddabyresumptionofcohabitationwithoutneedofanewcontractofmarriage.Shouldhefailtodoso,therepudiationshallbecomeirrevocable(Talaqbainsugra).

Article47.DivorcebyIla.Whereahusbandmakesavowtoabstainfromanycarnalrelations(ila)withhiswifeandkeepssuchilaforaperiodofnotlessthanfourmonths,shemaybegrantedadecreeofdivorcebythecourtafterduenoticeandhearing.

Article48.Divorcebyzihar.Wherethehusbandhasinjuriouslyassimilated(zihar)hiswifetoanyofhisrelativeswithintheprohibiteddegreesofmarriage,theyshallmutuallyrefrainfromhavingcarnalrelationuntilheshallhaveperformedtheprescribedexpiation.Thewifemayaskthecourttorequireherhusbandtoperformtheexpiationortopronounce the a regular talaq should he fail or refuse to do so, without prejudice to her right of seeking otherappropriateremedies.

Article49.Divorcebyli'an.Wherethehusbandaccuseshiswifeincourtofadultery,adecreeofperpetualdivorcemaybegrantedby thecourt afterduehearingandafter theparties shall haveperformed theprescribedactsofimprecation(li'an).

Article50.Divorcebykhul'.Thewifemay,afterhavingofferedtoreturnorrenounceherdowerortopayanyotherlawfulconsiderationforherrelease(khul')fromthemarriagebond,petitionthecourtfordivorce.Thecourtshall,inmeritoriouscasesandafterfixingtheconsideration,issuethecorrespondingdecree.

Article51.Divorcebytafwid.Ifthehusbandhasdelegated(tafwid)tothewifetherighttoeffectatalaqatthetimeofthecelebrationofthemarriageorthereafter,shemayrepudiatethemarriageandtherepudiationwouldhavethesameeffectasifitwerepronouncedbythehusbandhimself.

Article52.Divorce by faskh. The courtmay, uponpetition of thewife, decreea divorce by faskhonany of thefollowinggrounds:

(a)Neglectorfailureofthehusbandtoprovidesupportforthefamilyforatleastsixconsecutivemonths

(b)Convictionofthehusbandbyfinaljudgmentsentencinghimtoimprisonmentforatleastoneyear

(c) Failure of the husband to perform for six months without reasonable cause his marital obligation inaccordancewiththiscode

(d)Impotencyofthehusband

(e)Insanityorafflictionofthehusbandwithanincurablediseasewhichwouldmakethecontinuanceofthemarriagerelationshipinjurioustothefamily

(f)Unusualcrueltyofthehusbandasdefinedunderthenextsucceedingarticleor

(g) Any other cause recognized under Muslim law for the dissolution of marriage by faskh either at theinstanceofthewifeortheproperwali.

Article53.Faskhon thegroundofunusual cruelty.Adecreeof faskhon thegroundof unusual crueltymaybegrantedbythecourtuponpetitionofthewifeifthehusband:

(a)Habituallyassaultsherormakesherlifemiserablebycruelconductevenifthisdoesnotresultinphysicalinjury

(b) Associateswith persons of illrepute or leads an infamous life or attempts to force thewife to live animmorallife

(c)Compelshertodisposeofherexclusivepropertyorpreventsherfromexercisingherlegalrightsoverit

(d)Obstructsherintheobservanceofherreligiouspracticesor

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(e)DoesnottreatherjustlyandequitablyasenjoinedbyIslamiclaw.

Article54.Effectsofirrevocabletalaqorfaskh.Atalaqorfaskh,assoonasitbecomesirrevocable,shallhavethefollowingeffects:

(a)ThemarriagebondshallbeseveredandthespousesmaycontractanothermarriageinaccordancewiththisCode

(b)Thespousesshalllosetheirmutualrightsofinheritance

(c)ThecustodyofchildrenshallbedeterminedinaccordancewithArticle78ofthiscode

(d) The wife shall be entitled to recover from the husband her whole dower in case the talaq has beenaffectedaftertheconsummationofthemarriage,oronehalfthereofifeffectedbeforeitsconsummation

(e)ThehusbandshallnotbedischargedfromhisobligationtogivesupportinaccordancewithArticle67and

(f)Theconjugalpartnership,ifstipulatedinthemarriagesettlements,shallbedissolvedandliquidated.

Article55.Effectsofotherkindsofdivorce.Theprovisionsofthearticleimmediatelyprecedingshallapplytothedissolution,ofmarriagebyila,zihar,li'anandkhul',subjecttotheeffectsofcompliancewiththerequirementsoftheIslamiclawrelativetosuchdivorces.

Section2.'Idda

Article56.'Iddadefined.'Iddaistheperiodofwaitingprescribedforawomanwhosemarriagehasbeendissolvedbydeathorbydivorcethecompletionofwhichshallenablehertocontractanewmarriage.

Article57.Period.

(1)Everywifeshallbeobligedtoobserve'iddaasfollows:

(a)Incaseofdissolutionofmarriagebydeath,fourmonthsandtendayscountedfromthedeathofherhusband

(b)Incaseofterminationofmarriagebydivorce,forthreemonthlycoursesor

(c)Incaseofapregnantwomen,foraperiodextendinguntilherdelivery.

(2) Should the husband die while the wife is observing 'idda for divorce, another 'idda for death shall beobservedinaccordancewithparagraph1(a).

TITLEIIIPATERNITYANDFILIATION

Article58.Legitimacy,howestablished.Legitimacyoffiliationisestablishedbyevidenceofvalidmarriagebetweenthefatherandthemotheratthetimeoftheconceptionofthechild.

Article59.Legitimatechildren.

(1)Childrenconceivedinlawfulwedlockshallbepresumedtobelegitimate.Whoeverclaimsillegitimacyoforimpugnssuchfiliationmustprovehisallegation.

(2) Children born after six months following the consummation of marriage or with two years after thedissolutionofthemarriageshallbepresumedtobelegitimate.Againstthispresumptionnoevidenceshallbeadmittedotherthanthatofthephysicalimpossibilityofaccessbetweentheparentsatoraboutthetimeoftheconceptionofthechild.

Article 60.Children of subsequent marriage. Should the marriage be dissolved and the wife contracts anothermarriageaftertheexpirationofher'IDDA,thechildbornwithinsixmonthsfromthedissolutionofthepriormarriageshallbepresumedtohavebeenconceivedduringtheformermarriage,andifbornthereafter,duringthelater.

Article61.Pregnancyafterdissolution.If,afterthedissolutionofmarriage,thewifebelievesthatsheispregnantbyher former husband, she shall, within thirty days from the time she became aware of her pregnancy, notify theformerhusbandorhisheirsofthatfact.Thehusbandorhisheirsmayaskthecourttotakemeasurestopreventasimulationofbirth.

Article62.Rightsoflegitimatechild.Alegitimatechildshallhavetheright:

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(a)Tobearthesurnamesofthefatherandofthemother

(b)Toreceivesupportfromthefatheror,inhisdefault,fromhisheirsinaccordancewithArticles65and68and

(c)Toshareinthelegitimate(furud)andothersuccessionalrightswhichthisCoderecognizesinhisfavor.

Article63.Acknowledgmentbyfather.Acknowledgment(igra)ofachildbythefathershallestablishpaternityandconferuponeach the right inherit from theotherexclusively inaccordancewithArticle94,provided the followingconditionsarecompliedwith:

(a)Theacknowledgment ismanifestedbythefather'sacceptanceinpublicthatheisthefatherofthechildwhodoesnotimpugnitand

(b)Therelationsdoesnotappearimpossiblebyreasonofdisparityinage.

Article64.Adoption.NoadoptioninanyformshallconferuponanypersonthestatusandrightsofalegitimatechildunderMuslimlaw,exceptthatsaidpersonmayreceiveagift(hiba).

TITLEIVSUPPORT(NAFAQA)

Article65.Support defined. Support (nafaqa) includeseverything that is indispensable for sustenance, dwelling,clothingandmedicalattendanceaccordingtothesocialstandingofthepersonobligedtogiveit,andtheeducationofthepersonentitledtothesupportuntilhecompleteshiseducation,training,orvocationevenbeyondtheageofmajority.

Article66.Amount.Theamountofsupportshallbeinproportiontotheresourcesofthegiverandtotheneedsoftherecipient.

Article67.Supportforwifeandinfant.

(1)Thewifeshallbeentitled tosupportduring themarriage. Incasesofdivorce, (talaq),her rightshallbeextendeduptotheexpirationofthe'idda.However,incasethewifeispregnantatthetimeoftheseparation,sheshallbeentitledtosupportuntildelivery.

(2) Any divorced nursing mother who continues to breastfeed her child for two years shall be entitled tosupportuntilthetimeofweaning.

Article68.Supportbetweenascendantsanddescendants.Theascendantsanddescendantsshallbeobliged tosupporteachotherintheorderinwhichtheyarecalledtosucceedbyintestacythepersonwhohasarighttoclaimsupport.

Article69.Payment.

(1)Theobligationtosupportshallbedemandablefromthetimetherecipientneedsitformaintenance,butitshallnotbepaidexceptfromthedateitisextrajudiciallydemanded.

(2)Paymentshallbemadedaily,weeklyormonthlyinadvance,andwhentherecipientdies,hisheirsshallnotbeobligedtoreturnwhathehadreceivedinadvance.

(3) If the recipient is thewife, the ruleestablished in the foregoingparagraphshall applyeven though themarriageisdissolved.

Article70.Extinguishmentofsupport.Theobligationtosupportshallcease:

(a)Uponthedeathoftherecipient

(b) When the resources of the obligor have been so reduced that he cannot give the support withoutneglectinghisownneedandthoseofhisfamily,exceptthatinthecaseofthespouses,thehusband,thoughneedy,isobligedtosupportthewifeor

(c)WhentherecipientcommitsanyactwhichwouldgiverisetodisqualificationtoinheritordenialofsupportunderMuslimlaw.

TITLEVPARENTALAUTHORITY

ChapterOne

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NATUREANDEFFECTS

Article71.Whoexercises.

(1) The father and themother shall jointly exercise just and reasonable parental authority and fulfill theirresponsibilityovertheirlegitimateandacknowledgedchildren.Incaseofdisagreement,thefather'sdecisionshallprevailunlessthereisajudicialordertothecontrary.

(2)Themother shall exerciseparental authority over her childrenbornout ofwedlock, but the courtmay,whenthebestinterestsofthechildrensorequire,appointageneralguardian.

Article72.Dutytoparents.

(1)Childrenshallrespect,revere,andobeytheirparentsalwaysunlessthelattercastthemintodisbelief.

(2)Grandparentsarelikewiseentitledtorespectandreverence,andshallbeconsultedwheneverpracticablebyallmembersofthefamilyonallimportantquestions.

Article 73.Duty to children. Every parent and every person exercising parental authority shall see to it that therightsofthechildrenarerespected,andtheirdutiescompliedwith,andshallparticularlybypreceptandexample,imbuethemwithreligiousandcivicattachmenttotheidealofpermanentworldpeace.

Article74.Effectsuponpersonofchildren.Theparentshave,withrespecttotheirunemancipatedchildren:

(a)Theduty tosupport them,have them in theircompany,educateand instruct them inkeepingwith theirmeansandrepresenttheminallactionswhichshallredoundtotheirbenefitsand

(b)Thepowertocorrect,discipline,andpunishthemmoderately.

Article75.Effectsuponpropertyofchildren.

(1)Thefather,orinhisabsencethemother,shallbethelegaladministratorofthepropertyofthechildunderparentalauthority.Ifthepropertyisworthmorethanfivethousandpesos,thefatherorthemothershallgiveabondtobeapprovedbythecourt.

(2)Thecourtmayappointaguardian(wasi)intheabsenceofonewhoisnaturalortestamentary.

Article76.Parentalauthoritynontransferable.ParentalauthoritycanneitherberenouncednortransferredexceptasotherwiseprovidedinthisCodeandthegeneralprinciplesofIslamiclaw.

Article77.Extinguishmentofparentalauthority.

(1)Parentalauthorityterminatesuponthedeathoftheparentsorthechild,oruponemancipation.

(2) Subject to Article 78, the widowed mother who contracts a subsequent marriage shall lose parentalauthorityandcustodyoverallchildrenby thedeceasedhusband,unless thesecondhusband is related tothemwithintheprohibiteddegreesofconsanguinity.

(3) The courtmay deprive a person of parental authority or suspend the exercise thereof if he treats hischildrenwithexcessiveharshness,givesthencorruptingorimmoralordersandcounsel,orabandonsthem.

ChapterTwoCUSTODYANDGUARDIANSHIP

Article78.Careandcustody.

(1)Thecareandcustodyofchildrenbelowsevenyearsofagewhoseparentsaredivorcedshallbelongtothemotheror,inherabsence,tothematernalgrandmother,thepaternalgrandmother,thesisterandaunts.In theirdefault, itshalldevolveupon the fatherand thenearestpaternal relatives.Theminorabovesevenyearsofagebutbelowtheageofpubertymaychoosetheparentwithwhomhewantstostay.

(2)Theunmarrieddaughterwhohasreachedtheageofpubertyshallstaywiththefathertheson,underthesamecircumstances,shallstaywiththemother.

Article79.Guardianformarriage(wali).Thefollowingpersonsshallhaveauthoritytoactasguardianformarriage(wali)intheorderofprecedence:

(a)Father

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(b)Paternalgrandfather

(c)Brotherandotherpaternalrelatives

(d)Paternalgrandfather'sexecutorornomineeor

(e)Thecourt.

Article 80.Guardian ofminor's property. The followingpersons shall exercise guardianship over the property ofminorsintheorderofprecedence:

(a)Father

(b)Father'sexecutorornominee

(c)Paternalgrandfather

(d)Paternalgrandfather'snomineeor

(e)Thecourt.

TITLEVICIVILREGISTRY

ChapterOneREGISTRYOFMARRIAGE,DIVORCEANDCONVERSIONS

Article 81.District Registrar. The Clerk of Court of the Shari' a District Court shall, in addition to his regularfunctions,actasDistrictRegistrarofMuslimMarriages,Divorces,RevocationsofDivorces,andConversionswithintheterritorialjurisdictionofsaidcourt.TheClerkofCourtoftheShari'aCircuitCourtshallactasCircuitRegistrarofMuslimMarriages,Divorces,RevocationsofDivorces,andConversionswithinhisjurisdiction.

Article82.DutiesofDistrictRegistrar.EveryDistrictRegistrarshallexercisesupervisionoverCircuitRegistrarsinevery Shari'a District. He shall, in addition to an entry book, keep and bind copies of certificates of Marriage,Divorce,RevocationofDivorce,andConversionsenttohimbytheCircuitRegistrarsinseparategeneralregisters.HeshallsendcopiesinaccordancewithAct.No.3753,asamended,totheofficeoftheCivilRegistrarGeneral.

Article83.DutiesofCircuitRegistrar.EveryCircuitRegistrarshall:

(a)Fileeverycertificateofmarriage(whichshallspecifythenatureandamountofthedoweragreedupon,)divorceorrevocationofdivorceandconversionandsuchotherdocumentspresentedtohimforregistration

(b) Compile said certificates monthly, prepare and send any information required of him by the DistrictRegistrar

(c)RegisterconversionsinvolvingIslam

(d)Issuecertifiedtranscriptsorcopiesofanycertificateordocumentregistereduponpaymentoftherequiredfees

(e)SendtotheDistrictRegistrarduringthefirsttendaysofeachmonthacopyoftheentriesmadeduringthepreviousmonth

(f)Indexthesameforeasyreferenceandidentificationincaseanyinformationisrequiredand

(g)Administeroaths,freeofcharge,forcivilregistrypurposes.

Article84.CancellationorCorrectionofEntry.AnyentryintheDistrictorCircuitRegistermay,uponverifiedpetitionofanyinterestedparty,becorrecteduponorderoftheShari'aDistrictCourt,subjecttotheprovisionsoftheRulesofCourt.EveryRegistrarshallbecivillyresponsibleforanyunauthorizedalterationmadeintheregistrytoanypersonsufferingdamagethereby.However,theRegistrarmayexempthimself fromsuchliability ifheprovesthathehastakeneveryreasonableprecautiontopreventtheunlawfulalteration.

Article85.Registrationof revocationofdivorce.Withinsevendaysafter the revocationofadivorceby ruju', thehusbandshall,with thewife'swrittenconsent, fileastatement thereofwith theCircuitRegistrar inwhoserecordsthatdivorcewaspreviouslyentered.

Article 86. Legal effects of registration. The books making up the registry of marriage, divorce, revocation ofdivorce, conversion,andall otherdocuments relating thereto shall be consideredpublicdocumentsandshall be

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prima facie evidence of the facts therein contained. However, nothing herein provided shall affect the intrinsicvalidityorinvalidityoftheactsregistered.

Article87.Applicabilityofothercivilregistrylaw.TotheextentnotinconsistentwiththeprovisionsofthisCode,theprovisionsofotherregistrylawsgoverningothercivilregistrarsshallbeobservedbydistrictorcircuitregistrars.

ChapterTwoOTHERACTSAFFECTINGCIVILSTATUS

Article 88.Where registered. All other acts, events, or judicial decrees affecting civil status not mentioned inChapterOneofthisTitleshallberecordedintheexistingcivilregistryofthecityormunicipalityinaccordancewithspeciallaws.

BOOKTHREESUCCESSION

TITLEIGENERALPROVISIONS

Article89.Successiondefined.Succession isamodeofacquisitionbyvirtueofwhich theestateofaperson istransmittedtohisheirsorothersinaccordancewiththiscode.

Article 90.Successional rights, when vested. The rights to succession are transmitted from themoment of thedeathofthedecedent.Therighttosuccessionofanyheirwhopredeceasesthedecedentshallnotbetransmittedbyrightofrepresentationtohisownheirs.

Article91.Requisitesofsuccession.Nosettlementoftheestateofadeceasedpersonshallbeeffectedunless:

(a)Thedeathofthedecedentisascertained

(b)Thesuccessorisaliveatthetimeofthedeathofthedecedentand

(c)Thesuccessorisnotdisqualifiedtoinherit.

Article 92. Inheritance (Mirath). The inheritance of a person includes all properties of any kind, movable orimmovable,whetherancestraloracquiredeitherbyonerousorgratuitoustitle,aswellasalltransmissiblerightsandobligationsatthetimeofhisdeathandthosethataccruetheretobeforepartition.

Article93.Disqualificationstosuccession.Thefollowingshallbedisqualifiedtosucceed:

(a)Thosewhohaveintentionallycauseddirectlyorindirectlythedeathofthedecedent

(b)Thosewhohavecommittedanyotheractwhichconstitutesagrounddisqualification to inherentunderIslamiclawand

(c)ThosewhoaresosituatedthattheycannotinheritunderIslamiclaw.

Article94.Successionfromacknowledgingperson.Withoutprejudice to theorderofsuccessionofheirs,mutualrightsofinheritanceshallobtain:

(a)Betweentheacknowledgingfatherandtheacknowledgedchildand

(b)Betweenthekinsmanacknowledgedthroughanotherpersonandtheacknowledger.

Article95.Successionbyillegitimatechild.Achildwhowasthecauseofthemother'shavingbeendivorcedbyli'anshallhavemutualrightsofsuccessiononlywiththemotherandherrelatives.

Article96.Successionbetweendivorcedpersons.

(1)Thehusbandwhodivorceshiswifeshallhavemutualrightsofinheritancewithherwhilesheisobservingher'idda.Aftertheexpirationofthe'idda,thereshallbenomutualrightsofsuccessionbetweenthem.

(2)Thehusbandwho,whileinaconditionofdeathillness,divorceshiswifeshallnotinheritfromher,butsheshallhavetherighttosucceedhimevenaftertheexpirationofher'idda.

Article 97.Succession by conceived child. A child conceived at the time of the death of the decedent shall beconsideredanheirprovideditbebornlaterinaccordancewithArticle10itscorrespondingshareshallbereservedbeforetheestateisdistributed.

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Article98.Successionbyabsentee. Theshareof anheirwho ismissingorotherwiseabsentat the timeof thedeathofthedecedentshallbereserved:

(a)Untilhereappearsandclaimsit

(b)Untilheisprovendeador

(c)Untilthelapseoftenyearsafterwhichheshallberesumeddeadbydecreeofthecourt.

Article99.Orderofsuccession.Theheirsofadecedentshallinheritinthefollowingorder:

(a)Sharers(ashabulfurud)shallbeentitledtofixedshares

(b)Residuaries(ashabulmirath)shallbeentitledtotheresidue

(c) In the absence of the foregoing, the distant kindred (dhawularham) who are blood relatives but areneithersharersnorresiduariesand

(d)Indefaultoftheabove,theacknowledgedkinsman,universallegatee,orthepublictreasury(baitulmal),inthatorder.

Article100.ModesofSuccession.Successionmybe:

(a)Bywill(wasiya)

(b)ByoperationofthisCodeor

(c)Bycombinationofboth.

TITLEIITESTAMENTARYSUCCESSION

ChapterOneWILLS

Article 101.Will defined. A will (wasiya) is a declaration whereby a person is permitted, with the formalitiesprescribedbylaw,tocontrolthedispositionafterhisdeathofnotmorethanonethirdofhisestate,ifthereareheirs,orthewholeofit,iftherearenoheirsordistantkindred.

Article102.Formalities.

(1)Themakingofawillisstrictlyapersonalactitcannotbeleftinwholeorinparttothediscretionofathirdpersonoraccomplishedthroughtheinstrumentalityofanagent.

(2)Awillmaybedeclaredorallyor inwriting inamannerthatshowsclearlythe intentionof thetestatortoexecuteitinthepresenceofaleasttwocompetent,credibleanddisinterestedwitnesses.

Article103.Proofofwill.

(1)Nonuncupativewillshallpassanypropertyofthedecedentunlessitisprovedandallowedinaccordancewithasolemnoathoraffirmationofallthewitnesseswhoattestedtoitsdeclaration.

(2)Nowillofanyotherkind,holographicorformal,shallpassanypropertyunlessitisprovedandallowedinaccordancewiththisCode.

Article 104.Testamentarywagf. An endowment for Islamic purposes to take effect after the death of the donor(wagfbillwasiya)partakesofthenatureofatestamentarydisposition.

Article105.Capacitytomakeawill.AnypersonofsoundanddisposingmindandwhoisnotexpresslyprohibitedbyIslamiclawmaymakeawill.Personsofeithersexundertheageofpubertycannotmakeawill.

Article106.Disposablethird.

(1)Thetestator,inhiswill,cannotdisposeofmorethanonethirdofhisestate.Anybequestinexcessthereofshall not be given effect unless ratified by the heirs. In any case, the bequest must be accepted by thelegatee.

(2)Abequesttoanysharerorresiduaryshallnotbevalidunlessratifiedbythetestator'sheirsexistingatthetimeofhisdeath.

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Article107.Bequestbyoperationof law.Should the testatordiewithouthavingmadeabequest in favorofanychildofhissonwhopredeceasedhim,orwhosimultaneouslydieswithhim,suchchildshallbeentitledtoonethirdof the share that would have pertained to the father if he were alive. The parent or spouse, who is otherwisedisqualifiedtoinherit inviewofArticle93(c),shallbeentitledtoonethirdofwhatheorshewouldhavereceivedwithoutsuchqualification.

Article108.Revocationofwill.Willmaybeexpresslyor impliedly revokedby the testatoratany timebeforehisdeath.Anywaiverorrestrictionofthisrightshallbevoid.

Article109.Partialinvalidityofwill.Theinvalidityofoneofseveralprovisionsofawillshallnotresultintheinvalidityof theothers,unless it is tobepresumed that the testatorwouldnothavemadesuchotherprovisions if the firstinvalidprovisionhadnotbeenmade.

TITLEIIILEGALSUCCESSION

ChapterOneSHARES

Article110.Whoaresharers.Thefollowingpersonsshallbeentitledtotheinheritanceassharerstotheextentsetforthinthesucceedingarticles:

(a)Thehusband,thewife

(b)Thefather,themother,thegrandfather,thegrandmother

(c)Thedaughterandtheson'sdaughterinthedirectline

(d)Thefullsister,theconsanguinesister,theuterinesisterandtheuterinebrother.

Article111.Shareofsurvivinghusband.Thehusbandsurviving togetherwitha legitimatechildora childof thedecedent's sonshallbeentitled toonefourthof thehereditaryestate should therebenosuchdescendants,heshallinheritonehalfoftheestate.

Article112.Shareofsurvivingwife.Thewifesurvivingtogetherwithalegitimatechildorachildofthedecedent'ssonshallbeentitledtooneeightofthehereditaryestateintheabsenceofsuchdescendants,sheshallinheritonefourthoftheestate.

Article113.Shareofsurvivingfather.Thefathersucceedingtogetherwiththelegitimatesonofthedecedentorasonofthedecedent'ssonshallbeentitled,assharer,toonesixthofthehereditaryestate.Thefatherwhosucceedstogetherwithalegitimatedaughterofthedecedentoradaughterofthedecedent'ssonshallinherit,assharer,onesixthoftheinheritancewithoutprejudicetohisshareasresiduary.

Article114.Share of survivingmother. Themother succeeding as sharer togetherwith a child or a child of thedecedent's son, or with two or more brothers or sisters of the decedent, shall be entitled to onesixth of thehereditary estate. Should she survivewithout any such descendant or with only one brother or sister, she shallinheritonethirdoftheestate.

Article 115.Share of paternal grandfather. The paternal grandfather succeeding together with the child of thedecedentor,indefaultthereof,withhisdescendantsinthedirectmalelinehowever,distant,shallbeentitledtoonesixthofthehereditaryestate.Shouldhesurvivewithanysharerotherthanthebrothersorsistersofthedecedent,heshallbeentitledtoonesixthwithoutprejudicetohisrightasaresiduary.

Article116.Shareofpaternalgrandmother.Thepaternalgrandmothersucceedingindefaultofthemother,father,orintermediategrandfatherofthedecedentshallbeentitled,assharer,toonesixthofthehereditaryestate.

Article117.Shareofsurvivingdaughter.

(1)Ifthedecedentleavesnosonbutonedaughter,thelattershallbeentitledtoinherit,assharer,onehalfofthe hereditary estate. Two ormore daughters shall share equally twothirds thereof. Should one ormoredaughterssurvivewithoneormoresonsofthedecedent,thelattershallbeentitledtodoubletheshareoftheformer.

(2)Shouldalonedaughterofthedecedentsurvivetogetherwithhisson'sdaughter,thetwothirdsshareshallbedividedbetweenthem,onehalfthereoftopertaintotheformerandonesixthofthelatter.

Article118.Shareofson'sdaughter. The son's daughter shall, in the absenceof any child of the decedent, beentitledtoonehalfofthehereditaryestate.Twoormoredaughtersofthedecedent'ssonshallsharethetwothirds

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oftheestatepercapita.

Article119.Shareoffullsister.Shouldthedecedentleaveneitherdescendant,father,norfullbrother,thefullsister,shallbeentitledassharertotheextentofonehalfofthehereditaryestate.Twoormorefullsistersshallinherittwothirdsoftheestatepercapita.

Article120.Shareofconsanguinesister.Shouldthedecedentleaveneitherdescendent,fullbrother,norfullsister,theconsanguinesistershallbeentitledtoonehalfofthehereditaryestate.Twoormoreconsanguinesistersshallinherittwothirdsoftheestatepercapita.

Article 121.Share of uterine brother or sister. The share of a uterine brother or sister shall be onesixth of thehereditaryestateshouldtherebenosurvivingdescendant,father,paternalgrandfather,orfullbrotherandsisterofthedecedent.Twoormoreuterinebrothersorsistersshallinheritonethirdoftheestatepercapita.

Article122.Participationoffullbrother.

(1)Oneormorefullbrothersandsisterssurvivingtogether,oroneormoreconsanguinebrothersorsisterssurvivingtogether,shallparticipateinthehereditaryestate,abrothertoinheritdoubletheshareofasister.

(2)Theprovisionofthenextsucceedingarticlenotwithstanding,thefullbrothershall,ifnothingisleftforhimafterthedistributionofsharesandhesurviveswithuterinebrothers,participatewiththelatterintheonethirdofthehereditaryestatepercapita.

Article123.Exclusionamongheirs.Theexclusionofheirsfromtheinheritanceshallbegovernedbythefollowingrules:

(a)Inthesameline,therelativenearestindegreeexcludesthemoreremote.

(b)Fullbloodrelativesexcludetheconsanguineandtheuterine.

(c)Whoeverisrelatedtothedecedentthroughanypersonshallnotinheritwhilethelatterisliving,exceptinthecaseofamotherconcurringwithherchildren.

(d) Heirs who, in a particular case, do not succeed by reason of disqualification on any ground shall notexcludeothers.

ChapterTwoRESIDUARYHEIRS

Article 124.Residuaries. Any residue left after the distribution of the shares shall be partitioned among theresiduariesinaccordancewiththefollowingarticles.Anheirmaysucceedasresiduaryinhisownright(asababinnafs),inanother'sright(asababilghair),ortogetherwithanother(asabama'alghair).

Article125.Residuariesintheirownright.Thefollowingpersonsareresiduariesintheirownright:

(a)Maledescendantsofthedecedentinthedirectline,however,distantindegree

(b)Maleascendantsofthedecedentinthedirectline,howeverdistantindegree

(c) Fullblood or consanguine brothers of the decedent and their male descendants, however, distant indegreeand

(d)Fullbloodorconsanguinepaternalunclesofthedecedentandtheirmaledescendants,howeverdistantindegree.

Article126.Residuariesinanother'sright.Thefollowingpersonsshallsucceedasresiduariesinanother'sright:

(a)Daughterssurvivingwiththesonofthedecedent

(b)Son'sdaughterssurvivingwiththeirownbrothers

(c)Fullsisterssurvivingwiththeirfullbrothersand

(d)Consanguinesisterssurvivingwiththeirconsanguinebrothers.

Article127.Residuariestogetherwithanother.Fullbloodorconsanguinesisters,survivingwithdaughtersof thedecedentorwiththeson'sdaughters,however,distantindegreefromthedecedent,areresiduariestogetherwithanother.

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Article128.Preferenceamongresiduaries.Preferenceamongresiduariesshallbegovernedbythefollowingrules:

(a)Theresiduarynearerindegreeshallbepreferredtothemoreremoteofthesameclass.

(b)Theresiduarywithfullbloodrelationshipshallbepreferredtothoseofthehalfbloodofthesamedegreeofrelationshipinthesameclass.

(c)Theresiduariesofthesameclass,degreeandbloodrelationshipshallshareequally,subjecttotheruleofthemalehavingasharedoublethatofthefemaleinpropercases.

Article129.Reductionofshares.Ifthetotalityofallthesharesassignedtoeachofthesharersexceedsthewholeinheritance,thesharesshallbereducedproportionately.

Article130.Reversionofresidue.If,afterdistributingtheportionsofthesharers,aresidueisleftintheinheritanceandthereisnosurvivingresiduaryheir,thesameshallrevertinitsentiretytothelonesharerortoallthesharersinproportion to their respective shares. However, the husband or the wife shall not be entitled to any part of therevertedportionaslongasthereareothersharersordistantkindred.

ChapterThreeDISTANTKINDRED(DHAWULARHAM)

Article131.Relativesincluded.Distantkindredincludesthefollowing:

(a)Thedaughter'schildrenandthechildrenoftheson'sdaughterandtheirdescendants

(b)Theexcludedgrandfatherandtheexcludedgrandmother

(c)Thesister'schildren,thebrother'sdaughters,thesonsoftheuterinebrother,andtheirdescendantsand

(d)Thepaternalaunts,theuterineunclesandthematernalauntsanduncles.

Article 132. Extent and distribution of shares. In default of all sharers and residuaries, the distant kindred shallinherittheentirehereditaryestate,thesametobedistributedamongtheminaccordancewithArticles123and128.

TITLEIVSETTLEMENTANDPARTITIONOFESTATE

Article133.Administration.Theadministrationoftheestateofadecedentshall,forpurposesofsettlement,vestatthetimeofhisdeathintheexecutorappointedinthewillor,intheabsencethereof,inhisheiroradministratortowhomthecourthasgrantedlettersofadministration.

Article134.Governingschooloflaw.

(1)Ineverypetitionforprobateofwillorforthesettlementoftheestateofadescendent,allmattersrelatingtotheappointmentofadministrator,powersanddutiesofadministratororexecutor,thecourtshalltakeintoconsiderationtheschooloflaw(madhhab)ofthedecedent.

(2)Ifthedecedent'smadhhabisnotknown,theShafi'ischooloflawmaybegivenpreferencetogetherwiththespecialrulesofprocedureadoptedpursuanttothisCode.

Article135.Orderofpreferenceofclaims.Theestateofadecedentshallbeappliedtoclaimsandchargesinthefollowingorder:

(a)unpaidtaxes

(b)reasonablefuneralexpenses

(c)theexpensesforprobate,administrationandotherjudicialexpenses

(d)thedebtsofthedecedent

(e)thelegaciestotheextentofthedisposableonethird

(f)thedistributionofsharesamongheirsand

(g)unpaiddower.

Article136.Liabilityofheirs.Theliabilityoftheheirsofadecedentforthepaymentofthematter'sdebtsshallnotexceedthehereditaryestate.Eachheirshallbeliableonlyforthepaymentofthedecedent'sdebtinproportionto

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hisshare.

BOOKFOURADJUDICATIONANDSETTLEMENTOFDISPUTESANDRENDITIONOFLEGALOPINIONS

TITLEITHESAHRI'ACOURTS

Article137.Creation.Thereareherebycreatedaspartof the judicialsystem,courtsof limited jurisdiction, tobeknownrespectivelyasShari'aDistrictCourtsandShari'aCircuitCourts,whichshallexercisepowersandfunctionsinaccordancewiththisTitle.

Shari'acourtsandthepersonnelthereofshallbesubjecttotheadministrativesupervisionoftheSupremeCourt.

ChapterOneSHARI'ADISTRICTCOURTS

Article138.Shari'ajudicialdistricts.Fivespecialjudicialdistricts,eachtohaveoneShari'aDistrictCourtpresidedoverbyonejudge,areconstitutedasfollows:

(a)TheFirstShari'aDistrictshallcomprisetheProvinceofSulu

(b)TheSecondShari'aDistrict,theProvinceofTawiTawi

(c)TheThirdShari'aDistrict,theProvinceofBasilan,ZamboangadelNorteandZamboangadelSur,andtheCitiesofDipolog,PagadianandZamboanga

(d)TheFourthShari'aDistrict,theprovincesofLanaodelNorteandLanaodelSur,andtheCitiesofIliganandMarawiand

(e)TheFifthShari'aDistrict,theProvincesofMaguindanao,NorthCotabatoandSultanKudarat,andtheCityofCotabato

Article 139.Appointment of judges. The judicial function in theShari'aDistrictCourts shall be vested inShari'aDistrictjudgestobeappointedbythePresidentofthePhilippines.

Article 140. Qualifications. No person shall be appointed Shari'a District judge unless, in addition to thequalifications for judges of Courts of First Instance fixed in the Judiciary Law, he is learned in Islamic law andjurisprudence.

Article141.Tenure.Shari'aDistrict judgesshallbeappointed toserveduringgoodbehavioruntil they reach theageofsixtyfiveyears,orbecomeincapacitatedtodischargethedutiesoftheiroffice,unlesssoonerremovedforthesamecausesandinthesamemannerprovidedbylawforjudgesofCourtsofFirstInstance.

Article 142.Compensation. Shari'a District judges shall receive the same compensation and enjoy the sameprivilegesasthejudgesofCourtsofFirstInstance.

Article143.Originaljurisdiction.

(1)TheShari'aDistrictCourtshallhaveexclusiveoriginaljurisdictionover:

(a)Allcasesinvolvingcustody,guardianship,legitimacy,paternityandfiliationarisingunderthisCode

(c)PetitionsforthedeclarationofabsenceanddeathandforthecancellationorcorrectionofentriesintheMuslimRegistriesmentionedinTitleVIofBookTwoofthisCode

(d) All actions arising from customary contracts in which the parties are Muslims, if they have notspecifiedwhichlawshallgoverntheirrelationsand

(e)Allpetitionsformandamus,prohibition,injunction,certiorari,habeascorpus,andallotherauxiliarywritsandprocessesinaidofitsappellatejurisdiction.

(2)Concurrentlywithexistingcivilcourts,theShari'aDistrictCourtshallhaveoriginaljurisdictionover:

(a)PetitionsbyMuslimsfortheconstitutionofafamilyhome,changeofnameandcommitmentofaninsanepersontoanasylum

(b)Allotherpersonalandrealactionsnotmentioned inparagraph1(d)wherein theparties involvedareMuslimsexceptthoseforforcibleentryandunlawfuldetainer,whichshallfallundertheexclusive

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originaljurisdictionoftheMunicipalCircuitCourtand

(c)AllspecialcivilactionsforinterpleaderordeclaratoryreliefwhereinthepartiesareMuslimsorthepropertyinvolvedbelongsexclusivelytoMuslims.

Article144.Appellatejurisdiction.

(1)Shari'aDistrictCourts shall haveappellate jurisdictionover all cases tried in theShari'aCircuitCourtswithintheirterritorialjurisdiction.

(2)TheShari'aDistrictCourtshalldecideeverycaseappealedtoitonthebasisoftheevidenceandrecordstransmittedaswellassuchmemoranda,briefsororalargumentsasthepartiesmaysubmit.

Article145.Finality of decision. Thedecisions of theShari'aDistrictCourtswhether on appeal from theShari'aCircuitCourtornotshallbefinal.NothinghereincontainedshallaffecttheoriginalandappellatejurisdictionoftheSupremeCourtasprovidedintheConstitution.

Article146.Clerksandothersubordinateemployees.Shari'aDistrictCourtsshallhavethesameofficersandotherpersonnelasthoseprovidedbylawforCourtsofFirstInstance.

The pertinent provisions of the Judiciary Law regarding the number, qualifications, appointment, compensation,functions,dutiesandothermattersrelativetothepersonneloftheCourtsofFirstInstanceshallapplytothoseoftheShari'aDistrictCourts.

Article147.Permanentstationsoffices.

(1)TheShari'aDistrictCourtsshallhavetheirrespectivepermanentstationsinthefollowingplaces:

(a)FirstShari'aDistrict,Jolo,Sulu

(b)SecondShari'aDistrict,Bongao,TawiTawi

(c)ThirdShari'aDistrict,ZamboangaCity

(d)FourthShari'aDistrict,MarawiCity

(e)FifthShari'aDistrict,CotabatoCity

(2)TheShari'aDistrictCourtsmayholdsessionsanywherewithintheirrespectivedistricts.

(3) The provinces, cities ormunicipalities concerned shall provide such courts with adequate court office,suppliesandequipmentinaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheJudiciaryLaw.

Article148.Specialprocedure.TheShari'aDistrictCourtsshallbegovernedbysuchspecialrulesofprocedureastheSupremeCourtmaypromulgate.

Article149.Applicabilityofotherlaws.TheprovisionsofalllawsrelativetotheCourtsofFirstInstanceshall,insofarastheyarenotinconsistentwiththisCode,beapplicabletoShari'aDistrictCourts.

ChapterTwoSHARI'ACIRCUITCOURTS

Article150.Whereestablished.

(1)Shari'aCircuitCourtsshallbeestablishedasfollows:

(a)SixsuchcourtsintheProvinceofSulu

(b)EightintheProvinceofTawiTawi

(c)Ten inand for theProvincesofBasilan,ZamboangadelNorteandZamboangadelSur,and theCitiesofDipolog,Pagadian,andZamboanga

(d)TwelveinandfortheProvincesofLanaodelNorteandLanaodelSurandtheCitiesofIliganandMarawi

(e)FifteeninandfortheProvinceofMaguindanao,NorthCotabatoandSultanKudaratandtheCityofCotabato.

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(2)Theterritorialjurisdictionofeachofthe'Shari'aCircuitCourtsshallbefixedbytheSupremeCourtonthebasisofgeographicalcontiguityofthemunicipalitiesandcitiesconcernedandtheirMuslimpopulation.

Article151.Appointmentofjudges.EachShari'aCircuitCourtshallbepresidedoverbyaShari'aCircuitJudgetobeappointedbythePresidentofthePhilippines.

Article152.Qualifications.NopersonshallbeappointedjudgeoftheShari'aCircuitCourtunlessheisanaturalborncitizenofthePhilippines,atleasttwentyfiveyearsofage,andhaspassedanexaminationintheShari'aandIslamicjurisprudence(fiqh)tobegivenbytheSupremeCourtforadmissiontospecialmembershipinthePhilippineBartopracticeintheShari'aCourts.

Article153.Tenure.Shari'aCircuitjudgesshallbeappointedtoserveduringgoodbehavioruntiltheyreachtheageofsixtyfiveyearsorbecome incapacitated todischarge thedutiesof theiroffice,unlesssooner removed for thesamecausesandinthesamemannerprovidedbylawforjudgesofMunicipalCircuitCourts.

Article 154.Compensation. Shari'a Circuit judges shall receive the same compensation and enjoy the sameprivilegesasjudgesofMunicipalCircuitCourts.

Article155.Jurisdiction.TheShari'aCircuitCourtsshallhaveexclusiveoriginaljurisdictionover

(1)AllcasesinvolvingoffensesdefinedandpunishedunderthisCode.

(2)AllcivilactionsandproceedingsbetweenpartieswhoareMuslimsorhavebeenmarriedinaccordancewithArticle13involvingdisputesrelatingto:

(a)Marriage

(b)DivorcerecognizedunderthisCode

(c)Betrothalorbreachofcontracttomarry

(d)Customarydower(mahr)

(e)Dispositionanddistributionofpropertyupondivorce

(f)Maintenanceandsupport,andconsolatorygifts,(mut'a)and

(g)Restitutionofmaritalrights.

(3)Allcasesinvolvingdisputesrelativetocommunalproperties.

Article156.Clerksandothersubordinateemployees.

(1) Shari'a Circuit Courts shall have the same officers and other personnel as those provided by law forMunicipalCircuitCourts.

(2) The pertinent provisions of the Judiciary Law regarding the number, qualifications, appointment,compensation, functions,dutiesandothermatters relative to thepersonnelof theMunicipalCircuitCourtsshallapplytothoseoftheShari'aCircuitCourts.

Article157.Placeof sessions stations. Shari'aCircuitCourtmayhold session anywherewithin their respectivecircuits,buteachshallhaveaprincipalstationtobefixedbytheSupremeCourt.

Article158.Specialprocedure.TheShari'aCircuitCourtsshallbegovernedbysuchspecialrulesofprocedureastheSupremeCourtmaypromulgate.

Article159.Applicabilityofother laws.Theprovisionsofall laws relative toMunicipalCircuitCourtsshall, to theextentthattheyarenotinconsistentwiththisCode,beapplicabletotheShari'aCircuitCourts.

TITLEIITHEAGAMAARBITRATIONCOUNCIL

Article160.Constitution.TheShari'aDistrictCourtortheShari'aCircuitCourtmay,inappropriatecases,constituteanAgamaArbitrationCouncilinthemannerspecifiedinthisTitle.

Article161.Divorcebytalagandtafwid.

(1) AnyMuslimmalewho has pronounced a talag shall, without delay, file with theClerk of Court of theShari'aCircuitCourtoftheplacewherehisfamilyresidesawrittennoticeofsuchfactandthecircumstances

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attendedthereto,afterhavingservedacopythereof tothewifeconcerned.Thetalagpronouncedshallnotbecome irrevocable until after the expiration of the prescribed 'idda. The notice filed shall be conclusiveevidencethattalaghasbeenpronounced.

(2)Withinsevendaysfromreceiptofnotice,theClerkofCourtshallrequireeachofthepartiestonominatearepresentative.TherepresentativesshallbeappointedbytheCourt toconstitute, togetherwiththeClerkofCourtasChairman,anAgamaArbitrationCouncil.TheAgamaArbitrationCouncilshallsubmittotheCourtareportontheresultofthearbitration,onthebasisofwhichandsuchotherevidenceasmaybeallowed,theCourtshallissuethecorrespondingorder.

(3)Theprovisionsofthisarticleshallbeobservedshouldthewifeexercisetafwid.

Article162.Subsequentmarriages.AnyMuslimhusbanddesiringtocontractasubsequentmarriageshall,beforesodoing,fileawrittennoticethereofwiththeClerkofCourtoftheShari'aCircuitCourtoftheplacewherehisfamilyresides.Uponreceiptofsaidnotice,theClerkshallserveacopythereoftothewifeorwives.Shouldanyofthemobject,anAgamaArbitrationCouncilshallbeconstitutedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofparagraph(2)oftheprecedingarticle. If theAgamaArbitrationCouncil fails toobtain thewife'sconsent to theproposedmarriage, theCourtshall,subjecttoArticle27,decidedwhetherornottosustainherobjection.

Article 163. Offenses against customary law. The Shari'a Circuit Court, in cases involving offenses againstcustomary lawwhichcanbesettledwithout formal trial,may,at itsdiscretion,direct theShari'aClerkofCourt toconstitute a council of not less than two normore than fourmembers,with him as chairman, to settle the caseamicably.

TITLEIIIJURISCONSULTINISLAMICLAW

Article164.Creationofofficeandappointment.

(a)ThereshallbeaJurisconsult in Islamic law,whoshallbeappointedby thePresidentof thePhilippinesandholdoffice for a termof sevenyears,withoutprejudice to reappointment, unless sooner removed forcauseorincapacitatedtodischargethedutiesofhisoffice.

(b)TheOfficeoftheJurisconsultshallbeundertheadministrativesupervisionoftheSupremeCourtofthePhilippineswhichshallalsofixitspermanentstation,preferablyintheCityofZamboanga.

Article165.Qualifications.NopersonshallbeappointedJurisconsult in IslamicLawunlesshe isacitizenof thePhilippines,atleastfortyyearsofage,ofgoodmoralcharacterandprovenintegrity,andaneminentscholarintheQur'anandHadithandinIslamicjurisprudenceaswellasproficientinArabic.

Article166.Functions.

(1)TheJurisconsultshall,on thewritten requestofany interestedparty,have theauthority to render legalopinions,basedonrecognizedauthorities,regardinganyquestionrelatingtoMuslimLaw.Forthispurpose,hemay,ifhedeemsitnecessary,consultoraskforaconsensusofthe'ulama.

(2)TheJurisconsultshallconsiderandactoneverysuchrequestunless,inhisopinionandforgoodreason,thequestionneednotbeanswered.

(3)TheOfficeoftheJurisconsultshallkeepacompilationandcausethepublicationofallhislegalopinions.

Article167.Compensation.Untilotherwiseprovidedbylaw,theJurisconsultshallreceiveanannualcompensationoffortyeightthousandpesoswhichshallnotbediminishedduringhistermofoffice.

Article168.Officepersonnel.TheJurisconsultmay, inaccordancewith theCivilServiceLawandsubject to theapprovaloftheSupremeCourt,appointandfixthecompensationofsuchpersonnelasmaybenecessaryfortheperformanceofhisfunctions.

BOOKFIVEMISCELLANEOUSANDTRANSITORYPROVISIONS

TITLEIMUSLIMHOLIDAYS

Article169.OfficialMuslimholidays.ThefollowingareherebyrecognizedaslegalMuslimholidays:

(a)'AmunJadid(NewYear),whichfallsonthefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonthofMuharram

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(b)MaulidunNabi (Birthday of the ProphetMuhammad), which falls on the twelfth day of the third lunarmonthofRabiulAwwal

(c)LailatulIsraWalMi'raj(NocturnalJourneyandAscensionoftheProphetMuhammad),whichfallsonthetwentyseventhdayoftheseventhlunarmonthofRajab

(d) 'IdulFitr (Hari Raya Pausa), which falls on the first day of the tenth lunar month of Shawwal,commemoratingtheendofthefastingseasonand

(e)'IdulAdha(HariRajaHaji),whichfallsonthetenthdayofthetwelfthlunarmonthofDhu1Hijja.

Article170.Provincesandcitieswhereofficiallyobserved.

(1)MuslimholidaysshallbeofficiallyobservedintheProvincesofBasilan,LanaodelNorte,LanaodelSur,Maguindanao,NorthCotabato,SultanKudarat,Sulu,TawiTawi,ZamboangadelNorteandZamboangadelSur, and in the Cities of Cotabato, Iligan, Marawi, Pagadian, and Zamboanga and in such other Muslimprovincesandcitiesasmayhereafterbecreated.

(2)UponproclamationbythePresidentofthePhilippines,Muslimholidaysmayalsobeofficiallyobservedinotherprovincesandcities.

Article171.Datesofobservance.ThedatesofMuslimholidaysshallbedeterminedbytheOfficeofthePresidentofthePhilippinesinaccordancewiththeMuslimLunarCalendar(Hijra).

Article172.ObservanceofMuslimemployees.

(1)AllMuslimgovernmentofficialsandemployeesinplacesotherthanthoseenumeratedunderArticle170shallalsobeexcusedfromreportingtoofficeinorderthattheymaybeabletoobserveMuslimholidays.

(2)ThePresidentofthePhilippinesmay,byproclamation,requireprivateoffices,agenciesorestablishmentstoexcusetheirMuslimemployeesfromreportingforworkduringaMuslimholidaywithoutreductionintheirusualcompensation.

TITLEIICOMMUNALPROPERTY

Article173.Whatconstitute.Thefollowingarecommunalproperties:

(a) Customary heirloom, which shall include artifacts and ancestral implements or things of cultural valuehandeddownfromacommonancestor

(b) Ancestral property, which shall comprehend hallowed ancestral plot, ancestral shrine, royal court, andsimilarpropertiesand

(c)charitabletrustproperty.

Article174.Administrationordisposition.

(1)Exceptasotherwiseprovided in thisCode,communalpropertyshallbeadministeredordisposedof inaccordancewithMuslimlaw,'ada,andspecialprovisionsoflaw.

(2)Anyprovisionofexistinglawtothecontrarynotwithstanding,thetrusteeofanycommunalpropertyshallbethepersonwhoisinlawfulpossessionthereof,eitherpersonallyorthroughanagent.

(3)TheShari'aCircuitCourtmayappointatrusteeofacommunalpropertywhenthereisadisputeastoitscustody,possession,oradministration.

TITLEIIICUSTOMARYCONTRACTS

Article175.Howconstrued.Any transactionwherebyonepersondelivers toanotherany realestate,plantation,orchard or any fruitbearing property by virtue of sanda, sanla, arindao, or similar customary contract, shall beconstruedasamortgage(rihan)inaccordancewithMuslimlaw.

TITLEIVCONVERSIONS

Article176.EffectofregistrationofconversiontoIslam.

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(1)Registrationofaperson'sconversiontoIslamshallconstituteaprimafacieproofthatheprofessesIslam.

(2)WhoeverdisputestheprofessionorrenunciationofIslambyanypersonshallhavetheburdenofprovingthecontrary.

Article 177.Regulation on conversion. No conversion of a minor below the age of eighteen years shall beregisteredbytheDistrictorCircuitRegistrarwithoutthewrittenconsentorpermissionof theparentsorguardian,exceptwhensuchminorhasbeenemancipatedfrompaternalauthorityinaccordancewithlaw.

Article178.EffectofconversiontoIslamonmarriage.TheconversionofnonMuslimspousestoIslamshallhavethelegaleffectofratifyingtheirmarriageasif thesamehadbeenperformedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthisCodeorMuslimlaw,providedthatthereisnolegalimpedimenttothemarriageunderMuslimlaw.

Article 179. Effect of change of religion. The change of religion by a Muslim shall not have the effect ofextinguishinganyobligationorliabilitywhatsoeverincurredpriortosaidchange.

TITLEVPENALPROVISIONS

ChapterOneRULEOFBIGAMY

Article180.Lawapplicable. Theprovisionsof theRevisedPenalCode relative to the crimeof bigamyshall notapplytoapersonmarriedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthisCodeor,beforeitseffectivity,underMuslimlaw.

ChapterTwoSPECIFICOFFENSES

Article 181. Illegal solemnization ofmarriage. Any person who shall, without authority, solemnize anymarriagepurportedlyunder thisCode,or shall doso inamanner contrary to theprovisions thereof, shall bepunishedbyimprisonmentofnotlessthantwomonthsbutnotmorethantwoyears,orafineofnotlessthantwohundredpesosbutnotmorethantwothousandpesos,orboth,inthediscretionofthecourt.

Article182.Marriagebeforeexpirationof 'idda.Anywidowordivorcedwomanwho,havingbeenmarriedunderMuslimlaworunderthiscode,contractsanothermarriagebeforetheexpirationoftheprescribed'iddashallsufferthepenaltyofafinenotexceedingfivehundredpesos.

Article183.Offenses relative to subsequentmarriage, divorce, and revocation of divorce. A personwho falls tocomplywiththerequirementsofArticles85,161,and162ofthisCodeshallbepenalizedbyarrestomayororafineofnotlessthantwohundredpesosbutnotmorethantwothousandpesos,orboth,inthediscretionofthecourt.

Article184.Failuretoreportforregistration.Exceptasprovidedinthearticleimmediatelypreceding,apersonwhoknowinglyfails toperformhisdutyunderthisCodetoreport forregistrationanyfactconcerningthecivilstatusofpersonsshallbepunishedbyafineofnotlessthanonehundredpesosbutnotmorethanonethousandpesos.

Article185.Neglectofdutybyregistrars.AnydistrictregistrarorcircuitregistrarwhofailstoperformproperlyhisdutiesinaccordancewiththisCodeshallbepenalizedinaccordancewithSection18ofAct3753.

TITLEVITRANSITORYANDFINALPROVISIONS

Article186.Effectofcodeonpastacts.(1)ActsexecutedpriortotheeffectivityofthisCodeshallbegovernedbythelawsinforceatthetimeoftheirexecution,andnothinghereinexceptasotherwisespecificallyprovided,shallaffecttheirvalidityorlegalityoroperatetoextinguishanyrightacquiredorliabilityincurredthereby.

(2)AmarriagecontractedbyaMuslimmalepriortotheeffectivityofthisCodeinaccordancewithnonMuslimlaw shall be considered as one contracted under Muslim law provided the spouses register their mutualdesiretothiseffect.

Article 187.ApplicabilityClause. TheCivil Code of the Philippines, the Rules of Court and other existing laws,insofarastheyarenotinconsistentwiththeprovisionsofthisCode,shallbeappliedsuppletorily.

Article188.Separabilityclause. If, forany reason,anyarticleorprovisionof thisCode isheld tobe invalid, thesameshallnotaffecttheotherarticlesorprovisionshereof.

Article189.Repealingclause.Alllaws,proclamations,executiveorders,rulesandregulations,oranypartthereof,inconsistentwithprovisionsofthisCodeareherebycorrespondinglymodifiedorrepealed.

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Article190.Effectivity.ThisCodeshalltakeeffectimmediately.

DONEintheCityofManilathis4thdayofFebruaryintheyearofOurLordnineteenhundredandseventyseven.

TheLawphilProjectArellanoLawFoundationTheLawphilProjectArellanoLawFoundation

PD 1083 MUSLIM PERSONAL LAW

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