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DCE1243 - Introduction to PC Troubleshooting
The objective is to introduce the main concepts associated with the assembling, installation, troubleshooting, and preventive maintenance of modern personal computer
Course Work Break Downs
Assignment 15% Quizzes 5% Lab Test 15% Test 15%
Final Exam 50%
Total 100%
Areas that will be covered
Introduction to computer An overview of computer Assembling your computer Install Operating System Troubleshooting PC hardware and software Preventive maintenance and safety
precaution
Introduction to computer
History of Computer
A computer is a complex piece of machinery made up of many parts, each of which can be considered a separate invention
A very old abacus
Modern abacus
Ancient History
Computer started 2000 years ago, in Babylonia, at the birth of the abacus
An early aid of mathematical computations memory of the human performing the calculation
History of Computer
In 1642, the French mathematician and philosopher Blaise Pascal invented a calculating device that would come to be called the “Adding Machine”.
The basic principle of his calculator is still used today in water meters and modern-day odometers.
It couldn't sell many because of their exorbitant cost and because they really weren't that accurate.
Pascal's Pascaline
A Pascaline opened up so you can observe the gears and cylinders which rotated to display the numerical result
History of Computer
In 1823 Charles Babbage a mathematics professor at Cambridge University introduced the Different Engine, the largest and most sophisticated mechanical calculator of his time.
The construction of this engine proved exceedingly difficult and the project failed, but it did improve the precision of Britain’s machine-tool industry.
History of Computer
Babbage later turned his attention to the Analytical Engine, a general-purpose programmable computing machine.
Many people consider this to be the first true computer system even though it only ever existed on paper. The Analytical Machine had all the same basic parts that modern computer systems have.
Different Engine Analytical Engine
History of Computer
1801 the Frenchman Joseph Marie Jacquard Invented – (remember the "hanging chad" from
the Florida presidential ballots of the year 2000)
History of Computer
Generation Year Descriptions
1st 1940 – 1956 Vacuum Tubes – for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory machine language to perform operations
2nd 1956 – 1963 Transistor – replaced vacuum tubes, it is a device composed of semiconductor material that amplifies a signal or opens or closes a circuit
3rd 1964 – 1971 Integrated Circuits – with transistors, resistors, and capacitors were etched onto a piece of silicon, called semiconductors, increased the speed and efficiency of computers
4th 1971 – Present
Microprocessors – widely used and most the wanted chips
5th Present & Beyond
Artificial Intelligence – making computer to behave like humans
Communication
Humans communicate primarily through work, spoken and written. Messages were either verbal or written in form
Communication have one thing in common, require some type of code to convert human language to a form of information that can be packaged and send to remote system
Electronic Communication
Computer uses binary notation to communicate
Binary notation use 2 bit 0 and 1( 0 represent no
signal off, 1 represent a signal on)
Communications: Moving Data between Computers
A fifth operation: communications Moving data within the computer or between computers
Communications devices – Enable computers to connect to a computer network
Network – Two or more computer systems that are connected
Modem – A device that enables the computer to access other computers
Communications Devices
Modem Network Interface Card – NIC
Binary Math Term
Memory Unit Value
Bit Smallest unit of information, shorthand term for binary digit
Nibble 4 bits (Half of a byte)
Byte 8 bits (Equal to one character)
Word 16 bits on most personal computers (longer words possible on larger computers)
Kilobyte (KB) 1024 bytes
Megabyte (MB) 1,048,576 bytes (Approximately one million bytes or 1024 KB)
Gigabyte (GB) 1,073,741,824 bytes (Approximately one billion bytes or 1024 MB)
ASCII Code
The standard code for handling text characters on most modern computers is called ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange).
The basic ASCII standard consists of 128 codes representing the English alphabet, punctuation, and certain control characters
Most systems today recognize 256 codes: the original 128, plus an additional 128 codes called the extended character set
ASCII Code
EBCDIC
Extended Binary Extended Binary Coded Decimal Coded Decimal Interchange CodeInterchange Code ((EBCDICEBCDIC) is an 8-bit ) is an 8-bit character encodingcharacter encoding
Used on IBM Used on IBM mainframe operating mainframe operating system such as system such as z/OS,OS/390,VM and z/OS,OS/390,VM and VSE as well as IBM VSE as well as IBM midrange computer midrange computer operating systems operating systems such as OS/400 and such as OS/400 and i5/OSi5/OS
Understanding the Computer
Computer – A machine that performs the four basic operations: Input Processing Output Storage
Understanding the Computer
Computer system – A collection of related components that are designed to work together
A system includes: Hardware Software
Hardware Software
Understanding the Computer
Program – A list of instructions that tell the computer how to perform the four basic operations to accomplish a task
Understanding the Computer
Software – All the programs that give the computer its instructions
Two categories of software: System software Application software
System software
Application software
Input: Getting Data into the Computer
Data – Unorganized raw materials made up of words, numbers, images, or sounds
The first operation: input Input devices enable the user to enter data into the
computer The computer accepts data
Input Devices
Keyboard Mouse – pointing device
Microphone – speech-recognition Digital Cameras
Processing: Transforming Data into Information
The second operation: processing Computers transform data into information Processing circuitry:
Central processing unit (CPU) Random access memory (RAM)
Arithmetic LogicDATA IN INFORMATION OUT
Processing Devices
Motherboard
Central Processing Unit – CPU
Random Access Memory– RAM
Expansion Card
Output: Displaying Information
The third operation: output The computer shows the results of the processing
operation in a way people can understand Output devices show the results of processing
operations
Output Devices
Monitor
Printer
Speakers
Storage: Holding Programs and Data for Future Use
The fourth operation: storage The computer saves the data or output so that it can be used again
later Storage devices hold all programs and data that the computer uses
Storage Devices
Hard Drive
Floppy Disk Drive
Zip Drive
CD/DVD Drive
Jaz Drive
Tape Drive
Micro Drive
The Information Processing Cycle
Input – You enter text in a word processing program You run the program’s spell checker program
Processing – The computer checks and compares all words entered with a list of correctly spelled words
Output – The computer provides a list of apparent misspellings You correct the spelling in your document
Storage – You save the revised document to a disk
Input Processing Output Storage
Types of Computers: Computers for Individuals
Desktop – PC, iMac
Notebook – Laptop
WorkstationPersonal Digital Assistant
Internet ApplianceAll-in-One
Types of Computers: Computers for Organizations
Servers are not designed for individuals. They make programs available for network users
Minicomputers handle the computing for small corporations
Mainframes handle gigantic processing jobs for large corporations or agencies
Supercomputers are ultra-fast and handle huge amounts of scientific data