PCD - A new white colour in Cosmetic Industry:Trivalent chromium (Cr(III)).
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Transcript of PCD - A new white colour in Cosmetic Industry:Trivalent chromium (Cr(III)).
A NEW WHITE COLOUR IN COSMETIC INDUSTRY:
TRIVALENT CHROMIUM (CR(III)).
Conference by Serge Brigot for Graindorge at PCD in February, 2015
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Some Definitions:
• Chromium (0)White metal with high corrosion and tarnish resistance.
• Chrome plate process using the Hexavalent chromium form Cr(VI) in electrolytic solution to obtain the chrome metal form (0).
(decorative,automotive,mecanical use,)
• Chromatation Chemical conversion ,using the hexavalent form,use to increase the corrosion resistance after Zinc electroplating for example,
(Automotiv in the past,military use …)
Only chrome metal = without any Cr(VI)
Cr(VI) on the top
Toxicological Profile for Hexavalent Chromium
• Formula: Chromic trioxyde: Cr03,
• Physical state,appearance: Odourless,dark red crystals,flakes or granular powder
:
• Chemicals Properties: the substance decompose above 250 °C to chromic oxide and oxygen,which increases fire azard,The
substance is a strong oxidant and reacts violently with combustible and reducing materials causing fire and explosion hazard.
• Hazard Pictograms:
• Risks: the substance is corrosive to the eyes,skin and the respiratory tracts.Corrosive on ingestion,This substance is carcinogenic to human,may cause heritable genetic damage to human germ cells,Toxic for human reproduction or development.
O - Comburant T+ - Très toxique
Trivalent Chrome
Hexavalent Chrome alternative
Toxicological Profile for Chrome sulfate (trivalent chrome)
• Formula: Cr2(SO4)3,6H2O
• Hazard and Pictogram: ?
• Risks: ?
Comparaison hexavalent/trivalent chrome
- Work Station -Hexavalent Trivalent
Carcinogenic Not carcinogenic
Lead Compound Formation Without any lead compound formation
Standard Rectifier for electric power High tension Rectifier
High tolerance for Metallics Impurities Not at all tolerance for M.I
3 steps for waste treatment 1 step
Trivalent Chrome
MétalMaximal concentrations
in the bath
Nickel < 100 ppm
Cupper < 10 ppm
Iron < 60 ppm
Zinc < 5 ppm
Lead < 10 ppm
The electrolytic bath need more cleaning treatment.
Tolerance for Metallics Impurities:
Comparative Degree of white colour by Lab measurement.
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
-1 -0,9 -0,8 -0,7 -0,6 -0,5 -0,4 -0,3 -0,2 -0,1 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1
Hex. ChromeL=83,69
SilverL=97,49
Chrome 3L=80,05
NickelL=81,56
White bronzeL=83,94
Red
Yellow
Blue
Green
L*: Black (0) White (100) a*: Green (-) Red (+) b*: Blue (-) Yellow (+)
Conclusions
• Sustainable developement,important reduction of the impact on the environment.
• Cost of plating a few higher.• Important step in the reduction of CMR substances.• The etching step in the attack of ABS is still using the
Cr(VI) form ,but we can be hopeful of a good outcome in that regard.