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PCC Task Group on RDA Microform Reproductions Cataloging

Report

10/11/2013

Task Group Members:

Charlene Chou (Columbia) Co-chairStephen Early (CRL) Co-chair

Amy Bailey (ProQuest)Robert Bremer (OCLC)

Renee Chin (UC San Diego)Les Hawkins (LC)

Stephen Kharfen (GPO)Kevin Randall (Northwestern)Jodi Williamschen (SkyRiver)

Table of Contents

Introduction.................................................................................................................................................1

”RDA as Currently Interpreted” Approach...................................................................................................2

RDA Analytical Approach to Cataloging Microform Reproductions.............................................................8

Other approaches to Cataloging Microform Reproductions......................................................................21

RDA Rule Revision Required..................................................................................................................21

Modified USNP......................................................................................................................................23

“Status Quo:” retain 533 and allow LCRI 11 practice while MARC still in use........................................26

A Provider-Neutral Model for Cataloging Microform Reproductions....................................................28

Non-Microform Reproductions.................................................................................................................36

LC-PCC PS for 27.1.1.3: Summary of revision proposals............................................................................37

Further Research.......................................................................................................................................39

Bibliographic Description Beyond MARC...............................................................................................39

ILS Considerations.................................................................................................................................48

Appendix A: RDA Implementation Dependencies.....................................................................................50

Appendix B: Revision of RDA: Frequently Asked Questions.......................................................................50

Appendix C: Linked Data and Provider-neutral Record Examples.............................................................50

Appendix D: WEM analysis........................................................................................................................51

Appendix D1: Rwanda Newsline WEM entity illustration......................................................................51

Appendix D2: American Annals of Education (1830-1839) WEM entity illustration..............................51

Appendix D3: "Manifestation family" Thought Experiment..................................................................51

Appendix E: Reproductions: Decision process flowchart...........................................................................52

Appendix F: Monograph examples............................................................................................................53

Introduction

Instructions in RDA for the description of reproductions, facsimiles, reprints and other types of reproductions follow the general guidance of RDA 1.11: Record data relating to the facsimile in the appropriate RDA element, and record data relating to the original manifestation “as an element of a related work or related manifestation as applicable.” The resulting MARC 21 description of a microform reflects the manifestation in elements such as title proper, publication statement, numbering of serials, extent, media, carrier type etc. As implemented by the Library of Congress and other institutions, details of the print manifestation or other original manifestation are provided in the 775 or 776 fields.

The decades old US practice of cataloging microform (and some other) reproductions based on the print manifestation (derived from the LCRI of AACR2 11, also known as the “facsimile theory”1), was a pragmatic approach which provided users with sufficient descriptive and controlled access from the description of the original to identify a suitable substitute for the original.

Application of RDA instructions to microform records, particularly those for serials, proved to be a challenge for libraries during the RDA test phase. Subsequent to “day 1” of LC’s official adoption of RDA, some libraries, including PCC institutions and former RDA test institutions, chose to at least temporarily continue cataloging microforms according to the LCRI of AACR2 11.

Currently, RDA microform records in WorldCat, particularly for serials, reflect an unpredictable mixture of RDA 1.11 guidelines and carryovers from the LCRI 11. Some descriptions do not contain the authorized access points or proper descriptive elements necessary to identify and obtain reproductions of a desired work.

In June 2013, this task group was formed to accomplish the following:

Make recommendations for:

o LC-PCC Policy Statements to support best practices. o Adjustments to MARC 21 necessary to support creation of microform

descriptions in the current environment.o Revisions to RDA that will support description of microforms both in the

current environment and in the future non-MARC environment.

1 CONSER Program (29 April 2010). Reconsidering the cataloging treatment of reproductions, http://www.loc.gov/acq/conser/reproductions.pdf. Retrieved 21 August 2013

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http://www.loc.gov/acq/conser/reproductions.pdf

Identify areas of overlap with or divergence between the description of microform reproductions and the description of reproductions in other non-digital2 formats, such as print reprints, print on demand, etc.

Task group members come from a variety of cataloging backgrounds combining years of microform cataloging experience with strong RDA knowledge.

”RDA as Currently Interpreted” Approach

Description

Before investigating the provider neutral approach, non-provider neutral analytical approach, as well as other approaches, the task group would first like to present an example of a “perfect” RDA reproduction record cataloged in MARC ISBD format to better understand which elements the task group may recommend to be retained and which may need to be replaced or improved upon.

Please refer also to Recommendations for cataloging reproductions under RDA (UCSD, 4/29/2013) for additional illustrations and examples of MARC records created according to “RDA as currently interpreted.”

Actual “textbook” examples of RDA reproduction records are few.3 Those found proved to contain one or more significant errors or possible misinterpretations of RDA (for instance, one serial microfilm reproduction example contained an authorized access point (130) for the work with the incorrect addition “ : microform,” an element actually belonging only to the manifestation). Searching WorldCat for the “perfect” RDA reproduction record also produced unsatisfactory results: virtually all PCC level RDA reproduction records found contained at least one instance of an original manifestation element being preferred over a reproduction element despite the likely presence of both in the resource and despite RDA’s clear instruction to prefer reproduction over original. Frequently encountered were microform records for serials that included notes such as “title from cover” – even though it was likely that the reproduction contained a title frame.Lacking satisfactory existing examples, it became clear that the task group would have to create its own “perfect” RDA reproduction record. A promising candidate was found containing a balance of simple and complex elements and representing the most significant difficulties involved with applying RDA to a MARC ISBD cataloging environment: a non-US newspaper 2 Description of digital reproductions of print manifestations using the provider-neutral model is sanctioned by PCC as an allowable exception to RDA 2.2.3.3.3 See RDA Record Examples at http://www.loc.gov/catworkshop/RDA%20training%20materials/SCT%20RDA%20Records%20TG/index.html . See in particular Record 2 in “Records for Serials and websites” and Records 7-8 in “Records for Microforms of Non-Western Monographs.”

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http://www.loc.gov/catworkshop/RDA%20training%20materials/SCT%20RDA%20Records%20TG/index.html

http://www.loc.gov/catworkshop/RDA%20training%20materials/SCT%20RDA%20Records%20TG/index.html

microfilmed over 2 reels, containing a major title change in the original on the second reel, with the microfilm title frame matching the later title but not the earlier title. In FRBR terms: a single microfilm manifestation containing reproductions of two original manifestations of two serial works. Additional complications: The first issue of the first filmed original newspaper title was not microfilmed, nor were any issues of an even earlier original newspaper whose title was the same as the second filmed title. Since a strong case could be made that the microfilm manifestation was not itself a serial, the task group reluctantly determined that RDA, as currently interpreted, required that it be cataloged as a monograph. The example appears immediately below.

Figure 1. Reproduction manifestation monograph record of a microfilm titled Newsline, cataloged according to RDA as currently interpreted (fixed fields omitted in this and later figures due to formatting complications)

007 ## ǂa h ǂb d ǂd a ǂe f ǂf b016 ǂg b ǂh a ǂi c ǂj a007 ## ǂa h ǂb d ǂd b ǂe f ǂf b016 ǂg b ǂh a ǂi b ǂj a040 ## ǂa CRL ǂb eng ǂe rda ǂc CRL043 ## ǂa f-rw---245 00 ǂa Newsline : ǂb Kigali, Rwanda.264 # 1 ǂa [Chicago, Ill.] ; ǂa Philadelphia, Pa. : ǂb Microfilmed for Cooperative Africana Materials Project, the Center for Research Libraries, by Backstage Library Works, ǂc 2013. 300 ## ǂa 2 microfilm reels : ǂb illustrations ; ǂc 9 cm, 35 mm336 ## ǂa text ǂb txt ǂ2 rdacontent337 ## ǂa microform ǂb h ǂ2 rdamedia338 ## ǂa microfilm reel ǂb hd ǂ2 rdacarrier580 ## ǂa Microform reproduction of Rwanda newsline, November 29/December 29, 1999-May 28/June 3, 2001; October 14/21,2005-October 25/November 2, 2006 issues. Began in 1999; ceased with vol. 3, no. 039 (25 October/02 November 2006). -Nov. 29/Dec. 12, 1999: Kigali, [Rwanda] : Rwanda Newsline; Dec. 13/23, 1999-: Kigali, Rwanda : Rwanda Independent Media Group (RIMEG). volumes : illustrations. Weekly, Mar. 27/Apr. 2, 2000-Oct. 15/Nov. 2, 2006 issues; Biweekly, -Mar. 13/26, 2000. Back page of some issues titled: Weekly newsline. Some issues include a section titled: Newsline magazine. 580 ## ǂa Microform reproduction of Newsline (Kigali, Rwanda : 2006). Newsline. November 17/24, 2006-September 21/27, 2007 issues. Began with vol. 3, no. 040 (17/24 November 2006). Kigali, Rwanda : Rwanda Independent Media Group (RIMEG). volumes : illustrations. Weekly. 651 #0 ǂa Rwanda ǂv Newspapers.651 #0 ǂa Kigali (Rwanda) ǂv Newspapers.730 02 ǂa Rwanda newsline730 02 ǂa Newsline (Kigali, Rwanda : 2006)776 08 ǂi Reproduction of (manifestation): ǂt Rwanda newsline. ǂd Kigali [Rwanda] : Rwanda Newsline, -November 29/Dec. 12, 1999; Kigali, Rwanda : Rwanda Independent Media Group

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(RIMEG), Dec. 13/23, 1999- ǂg November 29/December 29,1999-May 28/June 3,2001;October 14/21,2005-October 25/November 2,2006776 08 ǂi Reproduction of (manifestation): ǂt Newsline (Kigali, Rwanda : 2006) ǂd Kigali, Rwanda : Rwanda Independent Media Group (RIMEG), 2006- ǂg November 17/24, 2006- :[Gaps]

Analysis

All elements pertaining to the reproduction are recorded or transcribed in their appropriate MARC fields (245, 264, etc.). All elements pertaining to the original are recorded or transcribed in 580 notes, 730 fields, and/or 776 linking fields (some of the same original data appears in more than one field).

Why was a monograph record created, in apparent contradiction to LC’s practice of cataloging microfilm reproductions of serials as serials themselves?4 When attempting to create a serial record (or records) for this microfilm according to RDA, the task group ran into some unexpected and, as yet, unresolved problems. Initial attempts at solutions produced unsatisfactory results. These are discussed in detail below.

Reasons for cataloging the microfilm manifestation of Rwanda newsline/Newsline as a monograph:

RDA 2.3.2.3 explicitly states: “When the title of a facsimile or reproduction is different from the title of the original manifestation, choose the title of the facsimile or reproduction as the title proper.” (Emphasis added). Therefore, the title proper of this microfilm reproduction manifestation is clearly Newsline. On the other hand, CONSER treats major title changes as a change from one work to another. Therefore, since the title proper of the original serial changed from Rwanda newsline to Newsline, clearly this microfilm manifestation contains reproductions of two original manifestations of separate works.

But is the microfilm a serial in itself? If so, is it a single serial or two serials? If a single serial, then what are its first and latest issues and what constitutes the issue numbering (applying 2.6.1.3)? Neither the title frames nor the containers of the two reels include reel numbering. The title frames, however, do contain summary volume numbering and chronological information relating to the original: “Vol. 2, No. 3-62, November 29, 1999-

4 LC’s practice is based on the section of LC PCC PS 0.0 which states “Generally, catalog a republication of a serial as a serial.” LC considers a republication as a type of reproduction as explained in LC PCC PS 27.1: “The word “reproduction” is being used in its broadest sense to include all resources formerly identified as reproductions, republications, reprints, reissues, facsimiles, etc., that still represent equivalent content between an original resource and a reproduction of that original” (emphasis added).

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June 3, 2001;” and “Vol. 3, No. 18-53, October 14, 2005-September 27, 2007” respectively.

If the microfilm is considered a single serial then the appropriate DBO/LIC notes would appear to be:

(362 omitted: even though the original began in 1999, it is not known “when” the microfilm serial “began:” presumably later filming of earlier issues by the same micropublisher would not be considered as separate serials.)

588 ## ǂa Description based on: Vol. 2, No. 3/62 (November 29, 1999/June 3, 2001)

588 ## ǂa Latest issue consulted: Vol. 3, No. 18/53 (October 14, 2005/September 27, 2007)

If the microfilm is considered as two serials, what are the titles, since the microfilm title frame for both reels is “Newsline?” One possibility would be to base the first title on the microfilm title frame and the second title on the original.

Title 1: 130 0# ǂa Newsline (Chicago, Ill.)Title 2: 130 0# ǂa Newsline (Kigali, Rwanda : 2006)

But what constitutes the numbering of the two serials? Only the reels themselves?

Title 1:362 1# ǂa Ceased with Vol. 3, No. 18/53 (October 14, 2005/September 27,

2007)588 ## ǂa Description based on: Vol. 2, No. 3/62 (November 29,

1999/June 3, 2001)588 ## ǂa Latest issue consulted: Vol. 3, No. 18/53 (October 14,

2005/September 27, 2007)

Title 2:362 1# ǂa Began with Vol. 2, No. 3/62 (November 29, 1999/June 3, 2001)588 ## ǂa Description based on: Vol. 2, No. 3/62 (November 29,

1999/June 3, 2001)588 ## ǂa Latest issue consulted: Vol. 3, No. 18/53 (October 14,

2005/September 27, 2007)

Or, as was done with the titles, base the numbering of the first title on the title frame and the numbering of the second title on the original?

Title 1:

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362 1# ǂa Ceased with Vol. 3, No. 18/53 (October 14, 2005/September 27, 2007)

588 ## ǂa Description based on: Vol. 2, No. 3/62 (November 29, 1999/June 3, 2001)

588 ## ǂa Latest issue consulted: Vol. 3, No. 18/53 (October 14, 2005/September 27, 2007)

Title 2:362 1# ǂa Began with Vol. 2, no. 040 (17/24 November 2006)588 ## ǂa Description based on: Vol. II, no. 040 (17/24 November 2006)588 ## ǂa Latest issue consulted: Vol. III, no. 053 (21/27 Sept., 2007)

Work or not a Work?

Another as yet unresolved problem arose during the creation of the microfilm manifestation record for Rwanda newsline/Newsline: if cataloged as a single record (monograph or serial) is the microfilm a work in itself? If so, since its title is “Newsline,” what should be its authorized access point?

130 0# ǂa Newsline (Kigali, Rwanda : Microfilm)This was ruled out because “microfilm” is considered a manifestation element.

130 0# ǂa Newsline (Chicago, Ill.) or 130 0# ǂa Newsline (Bethlehem, Pa.)While literally true that the microfilm was created for CRL (which is in Chicago) by Backstage (located in Bethlehem, Pa.), either of these additions seem counter-intuitive and possibly misleading.

Other possibilities:

130 0# ǂa Newsline (Cooperative Africana Materials Project)130 0# ǂa Newsline (Center for Research Libraries)

In the end, the task group decided to consider the microfilm as not a separate work and therefore did not add a qualified 130.

Having created the “perfect” MARC ISBD RDA record for a microfilm manifestation of a serial containing title changes in the original, the task group then investigated its practicality: would libraries regularly create such records and would their patrons and staff use them?While this record certainly conforms to RDA, its practical value appears to suffer in comparison to its LCRI 11/MARC 533 predecessors.

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Benefits of the “RDA as currently interpreted” approach:

Conforms to RDA rules for manifestations. Useful for creating reproduction records for some non-microform formats in which

description was based on reproduction rather than original prior to implementation of RDA.

In some instances an RDA record based on the microform manifestation information may be preferable to a record based on the reproduced original. This may be the case for microfilms of single monographs since these would likely not pose the same challenges as microfilms of serials or microfilms of two or more monographs.

Drawbacks of this approach:

Resulting records, particularly MARC ISBD records for reproduced serials, appear less functional and usable than their LCRI 11/MARC 533 predecessors: descriptive access to the originals suffers, particularly when successive original title changes are involved not reflected in the reproduction manifestation titles.

Possibly fails to conform to RDA 0.4.2 (Objectives), particularly 0.4.2.1 and 0.4.2.2 (that is, users may not be able to properly find, identify, select, obtain, and understand the reproduced resource; cost efficiency of cataloging the reproduced resource may suffer)

Few RDA libraries have implemented RDA for microform reproduction records. For those that have, the existing microform reproduction records – and even some of the

“textbook” examples – either do not fully conform to RDA or actually contain errors.

Recommendations:

“RDA as currently interpreted” approach is not recommended as the mandatory approach to cataloging microform reproductions, or other reproductions whose cataloging descriptions prior to RDA adoption were based (at least in the US) on the original.

“RDA as currently interpreted” approach, however, should still be allowed as optional for microform reproductions, following catalogers judgment, and the preferred option for certain non-microform reproduction formats. See the section on “Non-Provider Neutral Analytical Approach” for further explanation.

The question of “is it a serial or not a serial” and “what constitutes an issue” needs to be answered regarding microform reproductions of serials (See also Recommendations for cataloging reproductions under RDA for more on this topic). Otherwise, the task group recommends that microfilm reproductions of serials cataloged according to “RDA as written” be considered monographs.

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RDA Analytical Approach to Cataloging Microform Reproductions

RDA 1.5 outlines three ways of describing a resource: 1) comprehensive, in which the resource is described as a whole; 2) analytical, in which a part of the resource is described; and 3) hierarchical, in which a resource containing two or more parts is described combining both comprehensive and analytical methods. LC and PCC do not presently use hierarchical description.

In its analysis of the Rwanda newsline/Newsline microfilm manifestation, the Task Group decided that since it contains reproductions of two works, the rules for analytical description as specified in RDA 2.1.3 could be applied. This would enable creation of two separate analytical records, one for Rwanda newsline and another for its successor Newsline, with title and numbering for both based on the images of the print original. Both records would include required 773 fields, constructed primarily according to RDA 25.1 and associated LC-PCC PSs, linking to the comprehensive microfilm record. Actual creation of a comprehensive microfilm record, looking very similar to the example in “RDA as currently interpreted,” would be optional. Figures 3-5 cover the Rwanda newsline/Newsline analytical and comprehensive records.

Figure 3. Analytical RDA record for microfilm manifestation of Rwanda newsline

Leader and 008: all based on original, including 008/07-14 (Date 1, Date 2) and 008/15-17 (Ctry). Exception: 008/23 (Form) coded "a" (Microfilm).007 ## ǂa h ǂb d ǂd a ǂe f ǂf b016 ǂg b ǂh a ǂi c ǂj a007 ## ǂa h ǂb d ǂd b ǂe f ǂf b016 ǂg b ǂh a ǂi b ǂj a010 ## ǂa 2013225254040 ## ǂa CRL ǂb eng ǂe rda ǂc CRL042 ## ǂa pcc043 ## ǂa f-rw---050 14 ǂa AN245 00 ǂa Rwanda newsline.246 1# ǂi Title on microfilm container: ǂa Newsline, Kigali, Rwanda246 1# ǂi Back page of some issues titled: ǂa Weekly newsline246 1# ǂi Some issues include a section titled: ǂa Newsline magazine264 #1 ǂ3 -Nov. 29/Dec. 12, 1999: ǂa Kigali, [Rwanda] : ǂb Rwanda Newsline, ǂc [1999]-2006.264 31 ǂ3 Dec. 13/23, 1999-: ǂa Kigali, Rwanda : ǂb Rwanda Independent Media Group (RIMEG)264 #3 ǂa Bethlehem, PA : ǂb Microfilmed for Cooperative Africana Materials Project, the Center for Research Libraries, by Backstage Library Works, ǂc 2013.300 ## ǂa 2 microfilm reels : ǂb illustrations ; ǂc 9 cm, 35 mm310 ## ǂa Weekly, ǂb Mar. 27/Apr. 2, 2000-Oct. 15/Nov. 2, 2006321 ## ǂa Biweekly, ǂb -Mar. 13/26, 2000

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336 ## ǂa text ǂb txt ǂ2 rdacontent337 ## ǂa microform ǂb h ǂ2 rdamedia338 ## ǂa microfilm reel ǂb hd ǂ2 rdacarrier362 1# ǂa Began in 1999; ceased with vol. III, no. 039 (25 October/02 November 2006).500 ## ǂa Microfilm reproduction of: Rwanda newsline. -- Kigali [Rwanda] : Rwanda Newsline, [1999]-2006. -- 3 volumes : illustrations -- Nov. 29/Dec. 29, 1999-May 28/June 3, 2001; Oct. 14/21, 2005-Oct. 25/Nov. 2, 2006.501 ## ǂa On reel with: Newsline (Kigali, Rwanda : 2006). -- Kigali, Rwanda : Rwanda Independent Media Group (RIMEG), 2006-588 ## ǂa Description based on: Vol. III, no. 03 (Nov. 29/Dec. 12, 1999); title from masthead (microfilm reel containing November 29, 1999-June 3, 2001).588 ## ǂa Latest issue consulted: Vol. III, no. 039 (25 October/02 November 2006) (microfilm reel containing October 14, 2005-September 27, 2007).651 #0 ǂa Rwanda ǂv Newspapers.651 #0 ǂa Kigali (Rwanda) ǂv Newspapers.752 ## ǂa Rwanda ǂd Kigali.773 08 ǂi Contained in: ǂt Newsline, Kigali, Rwanda. ǂd Bethlehem, PA : Microfilmed for Cooperative Africana Materials Project, the Center for Research Libraries, by Backstage Library Works, 2013 ǂh 2 microfilm reels ; 9 cm, 35 mm ǂw (OCoLC)########

Note: this field would be required, minus the $w, even if a comprehensive record was not created.

776 08 ǂi Reproduction of (manifestation): ǂt Rwanda newsline. ǂd Kigali, [Rwanda] : Rwanda Newsline, 1999-2006. ǂg 1999-vol. III, no. 039 (25 October/02 November 2006). ǂh 3 volumes : illustrations785 00 ǂt Newsline (Kigali, Rwanda : 2006) ǂw (DLC) 2013225255 ǂw (OCoLC)########

Figure 4. Analytical RDA record for microfilm manifestation of Newsline (Kigali, Rwanda : 2006).

Leader and 008: all based on original, including 008/07-14 (Date 1, Date 2) and 008/15-17 (Ctry). Exception: 008/23 (Form) coded "a" (Microfilm).007 ## ǂa h ǂb d ǂd a ǂe f ǂf b016 ǂg b ǂh a ǂi c ǂj a007 ## ǂa h ǂb d ǂd b ǂe f ǂf b016 ǂg b ǂh a ǂi b ǂj a010 ## ǂa 2013225255040 ## ǂa CRL ǂb eng ǂe rda ǂc CRL037 ## ǂb Microform Sales, Center for Research Libraries, 6050 S. Kenwood Ave., Chicago, IL 60637. http://www.crl.edu042 ## ǂa pcc043 ## f-rw---050 14 ǂa AN

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130 0# ǂa Newsline (Kigali, Rwanda : 2006)245 10 ǂa Newsline.246 1# ǂi Title on microfilm container: ǂa Newsline, Kigali, Rwanda264 1# ǂa Kigali, Rwanda : ǂb Rwanda Independent Media Group (RIMEG), ǂc 2006-264 #3 ǂa Bethlehem, PA : ǂb Microfilmed for Cooperative Africana Materials Project, the Center for Research Libraries, by Backstage Library Works, ǂc 2013.300 ## ǂa microfilm reels : ǂb illustrations ; ǂc 9 cm, 35 mm310 ## ǂa Weekly336 ## ǂa text ǂb txt ǂ2 rdacontent337 ## ǂa microform ǂb h ǂ2 rdamedia338 ## ǂa microfilm reel ǂb hd ǂ2 rdacarrier362 1# ǂa Began with Vol. III, no. 040 (17/24 November 2006).500 ## ǂa Microfilm reproduction of: Newsline (Kigali, Rwanda : 2006). -- Kigali [Rwanda] : Rwanda Independent Media Group (RIMEG), 2006- -- volumes : illustrations -- Vol. III, no. 040 (17/24 November 2006)-vol. III, no. 053 (21/27 Sept. 2007).501 ## ǂa On reel with: Rwanda newsline. --Kigali, [Rwanda] : Rwanda Newsline, 1999-2006.515 ## ǂa Although stated frequency is weekly, actual frequency varies, generally fluctuating from weekly to semimonthly to monthly, <Oct. 14/21, 2005->588 ## ǂa Description based on: Vol. III, no. 040 (17/24 November 2006); title from masthead (microfilm reel containing October 14, 2005-September 27, 2007).588 ## ǂa Latest issue consulted: Vol. III, no. 053 (21/27 Sept. 2007) (microfilm reel containing October 14, 2005-September 27, 2007).651 #0 ǂa Rwanda ǂv Newspapers.651 #0 ǂa Kigali (Rwanda) ǂv Newspapers.752 ## ǂa Rwanda ǂd Kigali.773 08 ǂi Contained in: ǂt Newsline, Kigali, Rwanda. ǂd Bethlehem, PA : Microfilmed for Cooperative Africana Materials Project, the Center for Research Libraries, by Backstage Library Works, 2013 ǂh 2 microfilm reels ; 9 cm, 35 mm ǂw (OCoLC)########

Note: this field would be required, minus the $w, even if a comprehensive record was not created.

776 08 ǂi Reproduction of (manifestation): ǂt Newsline (Kigali, Rwanda : 2006) ǂd Kigali, Rwanda : Rwanda Independent Media Group (RIMEG), 2006- ǂg Vol. III, no. 040 (17/24 November 2006)- 780 00 ǂt Rwanda newsline ǂw (DLC) 2013225254 ǂw (OCoLC)########

Figure 5. Comprehensive record for Newsline microfilm (optional). Cataloged as a monograph: see also figure 1 and accompanying text in ”RDA as Currently Interpreted” Approach section. There is some variation between the two records which was retained to reflect different catalogers’ judgment.

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Leader and 008: all based on original, including 008/07-14 (Date 1, Date 2) and 008/15-17 (Ctry). Exception: 008/23 (Form) coded "a" (Microfilm).007 ## ǂa h ǂb d ǂd a ǂe f ǂf b016 ǂg b ǂh a ǂi c ǂj a007 ## ǂa h ǂb d ǂd b ǂe f ǂf b016 ǂg b ǂh a ǂi b ǂj a040 ## ǂa CUS ǂb eng ǂe rda ǂc CUS043 ## ǂa f-rw---050 #4 ǂa AN245 00 ǂa Newsline, Kigali, Rwanda.246 1# ǂa Newsline264 #1 ǂa Bethlehem, PA : ǂb Microfilmed for Cooperative Africana Materials Project, the Center for Research Libraries, by Backstage Library Works, ǂc 2013.300 ## ǂa 2 microfilm reels : ǂb illustrations ; ǂc 9 cm, 35 mm336 ## ǂa text ǂb txt ǂ2 rdacontent337 ## ǂa microform ǂb h ǂ2 rdamedia338 ## ǂa microfilm reel ǂb hd ǂ2 rdacarrier505 00 ǂt Rwanda newsline ǂg Nov. 29/Dec. 29, 1999-May 28/June 3, 2001; Oct. 14/21, 2005-Oct. 25/Nov. 2, 2006 -- ǂt Newsline (Kigali, Rwanda : 2006) ǂg Vol. III, no. 040 (17/24 November 2006)-vol. III, no. 053 (21/27 Sept. 2007).588 ## ǂa Description based on: Microfilm reel for November 29, 1999-June 3, 2001; title from microfilm title frame.651 #0 ǂa Rwanda ǂv Newspapers.651 #0 ǂa Kigali (Rwanda) ǂv Newspapers.730 02 ǂa Rwanda newsline.730 02 ǂa Newsline (Kigali, Rwanda : 2006)752 ## ǂa Rwanda ǂd Kigali.776 08 ǂi Reproduction of (manifestation): ǂt Rwanda newsline ǂd Kigali, [Rwanda] : Rwanda Newsline, Nov. 29/Dec. 29, 1999-May 28/June 3, 2001; Oct. 14/21, 2005-Oct. 25/Nov. 2, 2006776 08 ǂi Reproduction of (manifestation): ǂt Newsline (Kigali, Rwanda : 2006) ǂd Kigali, Rwanda : Rwanda Independent Media Group (RIMEG), 2006- ǂg Vol. III, no. 040 (17/24 November 2006)-vol. III, no. 053 (21/27 Sept. 2007)

An analytical description would be applicable for microfilms or microfilm sets of two or more works, in the same or different formats, whether related or not.

This led the Task Group to the question: How do we describe microfilm manifestations reproducing only one work, particularly if the manifestation title also differs from the original title? To relate the question to the specific example: What if only Rwanda newsline issues had been filmed, but the microfilm title frame” still read Newsline? How would the microfilm version of Rwanda newsline be linked to the print version (if cataloged) of Newsline with authorized access point Newsline (Kigali, Rwanda : 2006)?

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After some consideration, the Task Group decided that since analytical records can be created for "multi-volume sets" and monographic series that last for a single volume only, then the same could theoretically be done for a microfilm manifestation containing only a single reproduced serial or monograph. In this interpretation, the manifestation "contains" the expression of the work.

Figures 6-7 illustrate this approach in diagram form.

12

13

MICROFILM manifestation containing reproduction of:

Print serial 1

Print serial 2

Comprehensive record (1.5.2) for microfilm manifestation

Description based on reproduction (title, place, publisher, extent, etc.)

580 for print serial data and/or:776 Print serial 1776 Print serial 2

774 Analytical record 1(optional)774 Analytical record 2(optional)

Analytical record (1.5.3) for reproduced print

Description based primarily on original print (title, place, publisher, extent, numbering, etc.); 264 #3 for micropublisher

773 Comprehensive record

776 Print serial 2

Analytical approach (1.5.3) applied to one microfilm reproduction of two serials

ANALYTICAL APPROACH:ONE REPRODUCTION OF TWO ORIGINALS


Description based primarily on original print (title, place, publisher, extent, numbering, etc.); 264 #3 for micropublisher


776 Print serial 1

Figure 6.

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MICROFILM manifestation containing reproduction of:

Print serial

Comprehensive record (1.5.2) for microfilm manifestation


774 Analytical record(optional)

776 Print serial (required)

Analytical approach (1.5.3) applied to one microfilm reproduction of one serial

ANALYTICAL APPROACH:ONE REPRODUCTION, ONE ORIGINAL


Description based primarily on original print (title, place, publisher, extent, numbering, etc.); 264 #3 for micropublisher)

773 Comprehensive record (required)


REQUIRED: create either comprehensive or analytical record (optionally, create both). Catalogers of microfilmed serials would presumably prefer creating analytical records.

Figure 7.

Figures 8-9 illustrate MARC ISBD record examples of this approach (microfilm reproduction of a single serial)

Figure 8. Analytical record for New Republic (reproduction of a newspaper published in Monrovia, Liberia. Microfilm includes no additional reproductions)

Cataloged as a serial.

008/07/14 (Date 1, Date 2) = 2009,9999008/15-17 (Ctry) = rw#008/23 (Form) = a007 ## ǂa h ǂb d ǂd a ǂe f ǂf b0167 ǂg b ǂh a ǂi c ǂj a007 ## ǂa h ǂb d ǂd b ǂe f ǂf b0167 ǂg b ǂh a ǂi b ǂj a040 ## ǂa CRL ǂb eng ǂe rda ǂc CRL130 0# ǂa New republic (Monrovia, Liberia)245 14 ǂa The new republic.264 #1 ǂa Monrovia, Liberia : ǂb Published by Pro Media, ǂc 2009-264 #3 ǂa Monrovia, Liberia : ǂb Printed by Seamaco Press264 #3 ǂa [Chicago, Ill.] ; Bethlehem, PA : ǂb Microfilmed for Cooperative Africana Materials Project, the Center for Research Libraries, by Backstage Library Works, ǂc 2013-300 ## ǂa microfilm reels : ǂb illustrations ; ǂc 9 cm, 35 mm310 ## ǂa Semiweekly336 ## ǂa text ǂb txt ǂ2 rdacontent337 ## ǂa microform ǂb h ǂ2 rdamedia338 ## ǂa microfilm reel ǂb hd ǂ2 rdacarrier362 1# ǂa Began with Vol. 01, no. 01 (July 13-15, 2009)500 ## ǂa Microfilm reproduction of: New republic (Monrovia, Liberia). -- Monrovia, Liberia : Published by Pro Media, 2009- -- volumes : illustrations. -- July 13, 2009-December 21, 2011.588 ## ǂa Description based on: Vol. 01, no. 01 (July 13-15, 2009); title from masthead (microfilm reel containing July 13, 2009-June 21, 2010).588 ## ǂa Latest issue consulted: Vol. 3, no. 53 (December 21, 2011) (microfilm reel containing July 5, 2010-December 21, 2011).651 #0 ǂa Liberia ǂv Newspapers.651 #0 ǂa Monrovia (Liberia) ǂv Newspapers.752 ## ǂa Liberia ǂd Monrovia.773 08 ǂi Contained in: ǂt New republic, Monrovia, Liberia. ǂd Chicago, Ill. : Bethlehem, PA : Microfilmed for Cooperative Africana Materials Project, the Center for Research Libraries, by Backstage Library Works, 2013-

15

Figure 9. Comprehensive record for New Republic (reproduction of a newspaper published in Monrovia, Liberia)

Cataloged as a monograph.

008/07/14 (Date 1, Date 2) = 2013,9999008/15-17 (Ctry) = ilu008/23 (Form) = a007 ## ǂa h ǂb d ǂd a ǂe f ǂf b017 ǂg b ǂh a ǂi c ǂj a007 ## ǂa h ǂb d ǂd b ǂe f ǂf b017 ǂg b ǂh a ǂi b ǂj a040 ## ǂa CRL ǂb eng ǂe rda ǂc CRL043 ## ǂa f-lb---245 00 ǂa New republic, Monrovia, Liberia.246 1# ǂi Microfilm container title: ǂa New republic264 #1 ǂa [Chicago, Ill.] ; Bethlehem, PA : ǂb Microfilmed for Cooperative Africana Materials Project, the Center for Research Libraries, by Backstage Library Works, ǂc 2013-300 ## ǂa microfilm reels : ǂb illustrations ; ǂc 9 cm, 35 mm336 ## ǂa text ǂb txt ǂ2 rdacontent337 ## ǂa microform ǂb h ǂ2 rdamedia338 ## ǂa microfilm reel ǂb hd ǂ2 rdacarrier500 ## ǂa Title from microfilm title frame.651 #0 ǂa Liberia ǂv Newspapers.651 #0 ǂa Monrovia (Liberia) ǂv Newspapers.776 08 ǂi Reproduction of (manifestation): ǂt New republic (Monrovia, Liberia) ǂd Monrovia, Liberia : Published by Pro Media, 2009- ǂh volumes : illustrations. ǂg July 13, 2009-December 21, 2011 ǂn Semiweekly

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Analysis of Figures 3-9:

Figs. 3-6, 9: It is assumed that no corresponding print records exist. If they did, the 776 fields would include OCLC and/or DLC nos.

Figs. 3-4: Note that information formerly recorded in 533 $m is now recorded in a 500 structured description note and/or 776 08 $g. “Filmed with” information is recorded in 501.

Figs. 5, 9: Micropublisher recorded as 264 #1 in comprehensive records. Reminder: Actual comprehensive records for the microfilm manifestation may not be created if analytical records are created.

Note also that the analytical records included no additional 044 and 046 fields. If this approach is adopted, and if libraries primarily create analytical rather than comprehensive records for their reproduction microfilms, revised 044 and 046 fields may not be necessary.

Figs. 3-6, 8-9: Unanswered questions: How much information about the original needs to be repeated in 500 and 776? Would it

be better to omit redundant information? The first draft of figures 3-4 omitted 776 links to the original. It seems more appropriate, however, that they should be present. But would this presumably mean that any print record would have to have two 776 links to the microfilm: one to any existing comprehensive record and one to any existing analytical record?

Figs. 6-7: While the diagrams are limited to serial examples, the Task Group believes that the analytical approach could be applied to other forms of reproductions, including print facsimiles of 16th Century printed books or DVDs of early 20th century films. Cataloger judgment would be applied to determine whether a comprehensive or analytical approach would be preferable.

Figs. 10-11 further illustrate the principles of this approach as applied to all reproductions.

17

18

REPRODUCTION manifestation containing reproduction of:

Original manifestation 2

Original manifestation 1

Comprehensive record (1.5.2) for reproduction manifestation


580 for original data and/or:776 original 1776 original 2

774 Analytical record 1(optional)774 Analytical record 2(optional)

Analytical record (1.5.3) for reproduced original

Description based primarily on original (title, place, publisher, extent, numbering, etc.); 264 #3 for reproduction publisher


776 Original 1

Analytical approach (1.5.3) applied to one reproduction of two originals

ANALYTICAL APPROACH:ONE REPRODUCTION OF TWO ORIGINALS

Analytical record (1.5.3) for reproduced original

Description based primarily on original print (title, place, publisher, extent, numbering, etc.); 264 #3 for reproduction publisher


776 Original 2

Figure 10.

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REPRODUCTION manifestation containing reproduction of:

Original manifestation

Comprehensive record (1.5.2) for reproduction manifestation


774 Analytical record(optional)

776 Original

Analytical approach (1.5.3) applied to one reproduction of one original

ANALYTICAL APPROACH:ONE REPRODUCTION, ONE ORIGINAL


Description based primarily on original print (title, place, publisher, extent, numbering, etc.); 264 #3 for micropublisher)

773 Comprehensive record (required)


REQUIRED: create either comprehensive or analytical record (optionally, create both). Preference of comprehensive or analytical record based on cataloger judgment factoring in user needs and library needs

Figure 11.

Benefits of the non-provider-neutral analytical approach:

No major revisions or interpretations of existing RDA rules are necessary. Records retain, on the surface at least, similarities to US LCRI 11/MARC 533 practice. Existing LCRI 11/MARC 533 records could possibly be converted to RDA analytical

records, transferring data from 533 to 264 #3 and 773. New or modified MARC fields may not be necessary. Since this approach is optional, whether a reproduction microfilm is cataloged as a

comprehensive record or an analytical record can depend on the needs of a particular library and its users. Some libraries may choose to create only comprehensive records, some only analytical, and some both. Libraries may also determine the basis of cataloging on how closely the reproduction matches the original; for example, comprehensive reproduction records may be preferred for reproductions lacking original title pages.

Comprehensive records for the microforms fully conforming to RDA are possibly easier to create. Unless the microfilm is a serial-in-itself (such as the microfilm series Left in Britain or Sexual politics in Britain) there is less need to catalog it as a serial and no need for awkward DBO/LIC notes attempting to treat reels as issues (such as “Reel 1 (Sept./Dec. 1999"). Serial-specific aspects of a reproduced serial need only be described on the analytical record.

May be applicable to other types of reproductions. As illustrated in figures 11-12, theoretically any facsimile reproduction could be cataloged using the analytical approach. However, since it is optional, it may likely only be applied to those reproduction formats most conducive to that approach. Prior to RDA, most print and some other non-microform reproduction descriptions were based on the reproduction itself. This will likely continue to be the case for the foreseeable future.


Not everyone may agree that microfilms containing a single reproduction are equivalent to single volume monographic series or multi-volume sets.

Some may argue that microfilms containing multiple reproduced originals, each preceded by a title frame, should have analytical descriptions based on these internal title frames and not on the original title pages.

Recommendation:

If the provider-neutral approach is not chosen, the Task Group recommends that the non-provider-neutral analytical approach be considered as the best approach for cataloging reproduction microforms and other forms of reproductions according to RDA.

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Other approaches to Cataloging Microform Reproductions

The Task Group briefly investigated other possible approaches to RDA microform cataloging, three of which are described below, namely: RDA Rule Revision Required; Modified USNP; “Status Quo”; and the provider-neutral model.

RDA Rule Revision Required

One possible solution to resolving the impracticalities of the “perfect” MARC ISBD RDA reproduction manifestation record would be to request changes to the RDA rules themselves or to recommend LC-PCC PSs. These changes or interpretations would essentially involve the option of allowing title proper, publisher, numbering, etc. to be taken from the original in the case of at least microform manifestations. At minimum, this would involve changes to or interpretations of at least 14 rules: all those titled “Facsimiles and reproductions.” (1.11, 2.3.1.3, 2.3.2.3, etc. See Rule Revision Proposals for full list).

In other words, any rule presently stating:

When a facsimile or reproduction has a … relating to the original manifestation as well as to the facsimile or reproduction, record the … of the facsimile or reproduction. Record any … relating to the original manifestation as a … of a related manifestation

would now state:

When a facsimile or reproduction has a … relating to the original manifestation as well as to the facsimile or reproduction, record the … of the original. Additionally record any … relating to the original manifestation as a … of a related manifestation[The last sentence here would likely need to remain in order for the rule to still conform to the intent of RDA.]

Another means to the same end would be to include the following text in either RDA or in an LC-PCC PS:

AlternativeWhen considered useful for enabling user needs (0.4.2.1 RDA), if a facsimile or reproduction has a … relating to the original manifestation as well as to the facsimile or reproduction, record the … of the original. Record the … of the

21

facsimile in a note or as a variant … . Record any additional … relating to the original manifestation as a … of a related manifestation

Figure 2. Reproduction manifestation record of Newsline cataloged according to modified or interpreted RDA (original as preferred source)

007 ǂa h ǂb d ǂd a ǂe f ǂf b016 ǂg b ǂh a ǂi c ǂj a007 ǂa h ǂb d ǂd b ǂe f ǂf b016 ǂg b ǂh a ǂi b ǂj a040 ## ǂa CRL ǂb eng ǂe rda ǂc CRL043 ## ǂa f-rw---245 00 ǂa Rwanda newsline.246 1# ǂi Title on microfilm title frame: ǂa Newsline 246 1# ǂi Images of some back pages of original print issues titled: ǂa Weekly newsline 246 1# ǂi Images of some original print issues include a section titled: ǂa Newsline magazine264 #1 ǂ3 -November 29/December 12, 1999 ǂa Kigali, [Rwanda] : ǂb Rwanda Newsline 264 31 ǂ3 Dec. 13/23, 1999- ǂa Kigali, Rwanda : ǂb Rwanda Independent Media Group (RIMEG)264 #3 ǂa [Chicago, Ill.] ; ǂa Bethlehem, Pa. ǂb Microfilmed for Cooperative Africana Materials Project, the Center for Research Libraries, ǂc 2013.300 ## ǂa 2 microfilm reels : ǂb illustrations ; ǂc 9 cm, 35 mm310 ## ǂa Weekly, ǂb March 27/April 2, 2000-October 15/November 2, 2006321 ## ǂa Biweekly, ǂb -March 13/26, 2000336 ## ǂa text ǂb txt ǂ2 rdacontent 337 ## ǂa microform ǂb h ǂ2 rdamedia 338 ## ǂa microfilm reel ǂb hd ǂ2 rdacarrier 362 1# ǂa Original print version began in 1999; ceased with vol. 3, no. 039 (25 October/02 November 2006).500 ## ǂa Issues for October 14/21, 2005-October 25/November 2, 2006 filmed with: Newsline (Kigali, Rwanda : 2006), November 17/24, 2006-September 21/27, 2007.588 ## ǂa Description based on microfilmed image of: Vol. III, no. 03 (November 29/December 12, 1999) on reel containing November 29, 1999-June 3, 2001; title from microfilmed image of print original caption.588 ## ǂa Latest issue consulted: Vol. III, no. 039 (25 October/02 November 2006) on reel containing October 14, 2005-September 27, 2007.651 #0 ǂa Rwanda ǂv Newspapers.651 #0 ǂa Kigali (Rwanda) ǂv Newspapers.752 ## ǂa Rwanda ǂd Kigali776 08 ǂi Reproduction of (manifestation): ǂt Rwanda newsline. ǂd Kigali [Rwanda] : Rwanda Newsline, 1999-2006ǂg November 29/December 29,1999-May 28/June 3,2001;October 14/21,2005-October 25/November 2,2006780 00 ǂt Newsline (Kigali, Rwanda)785 00 ǂt Newsline (Kigali, Rwanda : 2006)

22

Analysis:

Note that, as with the provider neutral approach, the micropublisher has been recorded in 264 #3. Note also that sources of original title, numbering, etc. are precisely cited. The intent is to primarily make clear that what is being cataloged is indeed a reproduction and not a print original.

776 $g replaces 533 $m as the place to record what specific issues have been microfilmed.

Benefits of this approach:

Resulting records may be an easier adjustment for US microform catalogers adopting RDA.

Title changes in the original that aren’t matched by the microform manifestation would no longer be a problem.


JSC may not easily accept revision of so many RDA rules. Rule revisions may not be as applicable to the successor of MARC/ISBD. LC-PCC PSs of the otherwise unrevised rules would result in the same disparities

between US and non-US practice that occurred with the US adoption of LCRI 11. Despite precise citation of reproduction sources of original elements, resulting records

may still “violate” FRBR WEMI principles to which RDA conforms.

Recommendation:

While some on the task group feel that this approach retains what is best in both RDA and LCRI 11, the need for so many rule revisions is a possibly insurmountable drawback.

Modified USNP

Bibliographic records created according to United States Newspaper Program (USNP) guidelines describe a resource as it was originally published. As is obvious from the name of the program, these guidelines presently still apply only to records created for newspapers originally published in the United States as specified in the “Newspapers” section of LC-PCC PS 0.0. “Modified USNP” would allow the application of these guidelines to all reproduction microfilm records, whether or not originally published in the US, including monographs as well as serials. In the absence of an existing record for a print original, a library would have the option to create a print

23

original record based on its microform copy. Instead of a 530 note merely acknowledging the existence of microfilm copy, all information pertaining to the microfilm would be entered into a 776 linking field. Creation of an additional RDA record for the microfilm manifestation would be optional. Most libraries following modified USNP would likely only create a print record (or modify an existing one), adding additional 776 linking fields if they held one or more additional microform versions of the resource.

Figure 1.

040 ## ǂa CRL ǂb eng ǂe rda ǂc CRL043 ## ǂa f-rw---245 00 ǂa Rwanda newsline.264 #1 ǂ3 -Nov. 29/Dec. 12, 1999 ǂa Kigali, [Rwanda] : ǂb Rwanda Newsline 264 31 ǂ3 Dec. 13/23, 1999- ǂa Kigali, Rwanda : ǂb Rwanda Independent Media Group (RIMEG)300 ## ǂa volumes : ǂb illustrations310 ## ǂa Weekly, ǂb Mar. 27/Apr. 2, 2000-Oct. 15/Nov. 2, 2006321 # ǂa Biweekly, ǂb -Mar. 13/26, 2000336 # ǂa text ǂb txt ǂ2 rdacontent 337 # ǂa unmediated ǂb n ǂ2 rdamedia 338 ## ǂa volume ǂb nc ǂ2 rdacarrier 362 1# ǂa Began in 1999; ceased with vol. 3, no. 039 (25 October/02 November 2006).588 ## ǂa Description based on: Vol. III, no. 03 (Nov. 29/Dec. 12, 1999); title from caption.588 ## ǂa Latest issue consulted: Vol. III, no. 039 (25 October/02 November 2006).651 #0 ǂa Rwanda ǂv Newspapers.651 #0 ǂa Kigali (Rwanda) ǂv Newspapers.752 ## ǂa Rwanda ǂd Kigali776 08 ǂi Reproduced as (manifestation): ǂt Newsline. ǂd [Chicago, Ill.] : Microfilmed for Cooperative Africana Materials Project, the Center for Research Libraries, by Backstage Library Works, Bethlehem, Pa., 2013. ǂh 1 microfilm reel ; 9 cm, 35 mm. ǂg Nov.29/Dec.29,1999-May 28/June 3,2001;Oct.14/21,2005-Oct.25/Nov.2,2006:[Gaps]780 00 ǂt Newsline (Kigali, Rwanda)785 00 ǂt Newsline (Kigali, Rwanda : 2006)

Figure 2.

040 ## ǂa CRL ǂb eng ǂe rda ǂc CRL043 ## ǂa f-rw---130 0# ǂa Newsline (Kigali, Rwanda : 2006)245 10 ǂa Newsline.264 #1 ǂa Kigali, Rwanda : ǂb Rwanda Independent Media Group (RIMEG)300 ## ǂa volumes : ǂb illustrations

24

310 ## ǂa Weekly336 ## ǂa text ǂb txt ǂ2 rdacontent 337 ## ǂa unmediated ǂb n ǂ2 rdamedia 338 ## ǂa volume ǂb nc ǂ2 rdacarrier 362 1# ǂa Began with Vol. 3, no. 040 (17/24 November 2006).515 ## ǂa Although stated frequency is weekly, actual frequency varies, generally fluctuating from weekly to semimonthly to monthly, <Oct. 14/21, 2005->588 ## ǂa Description based on: Vol. III, no. 040 (17/24 November 2006); title from caption.588 ## ǂa Latest issue consulted: Vol. III, no. 053 (21/27 Sept., 2007).651 #0 ǂa Rwanda ǂv Newspapers.651 #0 ǂa Kigali (Rwanda) ǂv Newspapers.752 ## ǂa Rwanda ǂd Kigali776 08 ǂi Reproduced as (manifestation): ǂt Newsline. ǂd [Chicago, Ill.] : Microfilmed for Cooperative Africana Materials Project, the Center for Research Libraries, by Backstage Library Works, Bethlehem, Pa., 2013. ǂh 1 microfilm reel ; 9 cm, 35 mm. ǂg Nov.17/24,2006-Sept.21/27,2007:[Gaps]780 00 ǂt Rwanda newsline

Analysis:

As with USNP, any library attaching its microform holdings to this record would provide details regarding its microform (or additional print) holdings on a local holdings record or in the fields of its choice in the local ILS version of this record.


No major revisions of existing RDA rules would be necessary. All holdings for serials or multivolume sets would be on one record regardless of format;

may be helpful for both users and staff (multiple serial or set records for multiple formats sometimes result in duplicate items being ordered which then must be returned).


LC-PCC PS would be needed to allow this expanded role of USNP approach. ILS display and access problems may result: unless the local ILS is able to specify the

format of specific holdings, it may be difficult for users to determine what is actually held.

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“Status Quo:” retain 533 and allow LCRI 11 practice while MARC still in use

As described elsewhere in this report, RDA will function best in a linked data environment. The current MARC-based infrastructure is obviously not capable of supporting such an environment. If no satisfactory MARC-friendly approach is found for cataloging microforms (and other reproductions) according to RDA, then one possible--if preferably avoidable--approach would be to continue cataloging microform reproductions according to LCRI 11 and MARC 533 until a post-MARC infrastructure is implemented. Development of BIBFRAME, the proposed successor to MARC, is ongoing, so it is possible that this transition period may not be a long one.

Figure 3.

007 ǂa h ǂb d ǂd a ǂe f ǂf b016 ǂg b ǂh a ǂi c ǂj a007 ǂa h ǂb d ǂd b ǂe f ǂf b016 ǂg b ǂh a ǂi b ǂj a043 ## ǂa f-rw---245 00 ǂa Rwanda newsline ǂh [microform]246 1# ǂi Title on microfilm title frame: ǂa Newsline 246 1# ǂi Back page of some issues titled: ǂa Weekly newsline 246 1# ǂi Some issues include a section titled: ǂa Newsline magazine264 #1 ǂ3 -Nov. 29/Dec. 12, 1999 ǂa Kigali, [Rwanda] : ǂb Rwanda Newsline 264 31 ǂ3 Dec. 13/23, 1999- ǂa Kigali, Rwanda : ǂb Rwanda Independent Media Group (RIMEG)300 ## ǂa volumes : ǂb illustrations310 ## ǂa Weekly, ǂb Mar. 27/Apr. 2, 2000-Oct. 15/Nov. 2, 2006321 ## ǂa Biweekly, ǂb -Mar. 13/26, 2000336 ## ǂa text ǂb txt ǂ2 rdacontent337 ## ǂa microform ǂb h ǂ2 rdamedia338 ## ǂa microfilm reel ǂb hd ǂ2 rdacarrier362 1# ǂa Began in 1999; ceased with vol. 3, no. 039 (25 October/02 November 2006).588 ## ǂa Description based on: Vol. III, no. 03 (Nov. 29/Dec. 12, 1999); title from caption.588 ## ǂa Latest issue consulted: Vol. III, no. 039 (25 October/02 November 2006).533 ## ǂa Microfilm. ǂm Nov.29/Dec.29,1999-May 28/June 3,2001;Oct.14/21,2005-Oct.25/Nov.2,2006:[Gaps] ǂb [Chicago, Ill.] : ǂc Microfilmed for Cooperative Africana Materials Project, the Center for Research Libraries, by Backstage Library Works, Bethlehem, Pa., ǂd 2013. ǂe 2 microfilm reels ; 9 cm, 35 mm. ǂn Issues for Oct. 14/21, 2005-Oct. 25/Nov. 2,2006 filmed with: Newsline (Kigali, Rwanda : 2006), Nov. 17/24, 2006-Sept. 21/27, 2007.651 #0 ǂa Rwanda ǂv Newspapers.651 #0 ǂa Kigali (Rwanda) ǂv Newspapers.

26

752 ## ǂa Rwanda ǂd Kigali780 00 ǂt Newsline (Kigali, Rwanda)785 00 ǂt Newsline (Kigali, Rwanda : 2006) ǂw (DLC) 2013225255 ǂw (OCoLC)849370857

Figure 4.

007 ǂa h ǂb d ǂd a ǂe f ǂf b016 ǂg b ǂh a ǂi c ǂj a007 ǂa h ǂb d ǂd b ǂe f ǂf b016 ǂg b ǂh a ǂi b ǂj a043 ## ǂa f-rw---130 0# ǂa Newsline (Kigali, Rwanda : 2006)245 10 ǂa Newsline ǂh [microform].264 #1 ǂa Kigali, Rwanda : ǂb Rwanda Independent Media Group (RIMEG)300 ## ǂa volumes : ǂb illustrations310 ## ǂa Weekly336 ## ǂa text ǂb txt ǂ2 rdacontent337 ## ǂa microform ǂb h ǂ2 rdamedia338 microfilm reel ǂb hd ǂ2 rdacarrier362 1# ǂa Began with Vol. 3, no. 040 (17/24 November 2006).515 ## ǂa Although stated frequency is weekly, actual frequency varies, generally fluctuating from weekly to semimonthly to monthly, <Oct. 14/21, 2005->588 ## ǂa Description based on: Vol. III, no. 040 (17/24 November 2006); title from caption.588 ## ǂa Latest issue consulted: Vol. III, no. 053 (21/27 Sept., 2007).533 ## ǂa Microfilm. ǂm Nov.17/24,2006-Sept.21/27,2007:[Gaps] ǂb [Chicago, Ill.] : ǂc Microfilmed for Cooperative Africana Materials Project, the Center for Research Libraries, by Backstage Library Works, Bethlehem, Pa., ǂd 2013. ǂe 1 microfilm reel ; 9 cm, 35 mm. ǂn Issues for Nov. 17/24, 2006-Sept. 21/27, 2007 filmed with: Rwanda newsline, Oct. 14/21, 2005-Oct. 25/Nov. 2,2006.651 #0 ǂa Rwanda ǂv Newspapers.651 #0 ǂa Kigali (Rwanda) ǂv Newspapers.752 ## ǂa Rwanda ǂd Kigali780 00 ǂt Rwanda newsline ǂw (DLC) 2013225254 ǂw (OCoLC)849370849

Analysis:

Except for the addition of 33X fields and the elimination of the GMD, the results are essentially the same as for any other PCC reproduction microform record cataloged under AACR2.


Substantial time, effort, and expense would be postponed on a format that is no longer as prominent as it once was.

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Users still tend to request the title and publisher information of the original, generally being more concerned about obtaining the content and less concerned about its format, whether print, microform, or digital (this is based on the experience of some task group members at their home institutions). “Status quo” may be the best means of satisfying user needs if no RDA compatible solution can be found in the current MARC environment.

Positive public relations may result: reluctant libraries may continue “easing in” to RDA. An otherwise major cataloging change is avoided so that time and effort can be devoted to formats more conducive to RDA cataloging in the MARC environment. By the time BIBFRAME is implemented these same libraries may be fully ready to adopt RDA 100%.

No RDA rule revisions or interpretations would be necessary. Instead, a simple statement or document would allow libraries to continue the option of using LCRI 11/MARC 533 for a definite or indefinite period of time.


Public relations may not be positive after all: “kicking the can down the road” may not be considered much of a solution.

PCC’s target date of Dec. 2014 for full adoption of RDA for all bibliographic records may need to be postponed.

A Provider-Neutral Model for Cataloging Microform Reproductions

Background

The provider-neutral record was first implemented by CONSER in July 2003 for cataloging online serials. Cataloging practice at the time required the creation of a new record each time a new publisher, aggregator, or distributor provided access to a particular online serial. The provider-neutral record allowed for a single bibliographic record to be used for all iterations of an online serial. The provider-neutral model was so successful that it was later implemented for e-monographs in June 2003 and for online integrating resources in 2011.

In March 2012, with the implementation of RDA, the PCC sanctioned the continued use of the provider-neutral model as an allowable exception to RDA 2.2.3.3, which prescribes the use of the reproduction (instead of the original manifestation) as the preferred source of information for cataloging facsimiles and reproductions.

At this time, the provider-neutral model is used for cataloging online manifestations only. In this report, we would like to propose the development of a provider-neutral model for a single bibliographic record that could be used for all the manifestations of a microform reproduction.

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We will outline our recommendations on how to employ the provider-neutral model for cataloging microform reproductions and provide an appendix with examples to illustrate how the model would work within the confines of RDA for reproductions. In addition to microfilm and textual reproductions, we would like to consider expanding the provider-neutral model for describing other types of reproductions (e.g., moving and still images such as DVDs converted into streaming videos) in order to provide consistency and standardization across formats. Since it is not yet clear whether a provider-neutral approach will still be necessary in a post-MARC environment, we are putting forward the consideration of a new LC-PCC PS to allow the provider-neutral model as an alternative cataloging option for reproductions across all formats.

Refer to the document, Recommendations for cataloging reproductions under RDA (UCSD, 4/29/2013), for an illustration of some of the challenges presented by RDA for cataloging microform reproductions in a MARC environment. The result is a record where elements of the original manifestation are lost which presents difficulties for fulfilling FRBR user tasks for finding, identifying, and obtaining the correct resource. Moreover, it is not uncommon for microform reproductions to include compilations of mixed formats and multiple titles (related or unrelated) which further complicates the treatment of reproductions under RDA. However, the provider-neutral approach favors analytical descriptions (RDA 1.5.3) which provides an option to create separate records for each title in a compilation. It effectively aggregates different versions of a reproduction onto one record while retaining elements of both the original and reproduction without the confusion of multiple records of the same manifestation. For comprehensive descriptions, follow RDA.

Recommendations

The following table summarizes some of the problems presented by RDA for cataloging microform reproductions along with our recommendations for supporting the provider-neutral record model (note: MARC fields below are marked as Manifestation or Expression attributes):

MARC field Notes (issues and recommendations) WEMI attribute

040 (cataloging source)

$e rda $e pn n/a

FF: Form Code Form for the reproduction:

a Microfilmb Microfichec Microopaque

M

FF: SrTp (type of continuing resource)

Code SrTp for the original manifestation. E

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http://www.loc.gov/aba/pcc/scs/documents/Cataloging%20reproductions%20RDA--recommendations.docx

FF: Freq/Regl Code Freq/Regl for the original manifestation. E

FF: Dates 1 and 2 Fixed field Dates 1 and 2 are manifestation attributes. However, the 362 dates will not match the fixed field Dates if following RDA.

Recommendation: The Dates constitute both manifestation and expression attributes. Recommend that the Dates fields reflect the resource at the expression (original manifestation) level.

M and E

FF: DtSt (type of date/publication status)

DtSt (publication status) is a manifestation attribute but most microform reproduction versions are ceased and/or finite resources which may not be reflective of the current publication status. Using the PN approach, the publication status would reflect that of the original manifestation, regardless of whether the reproduction comprises complete or partial content.

Monographic reproduction considerations: For monographic reproductions, there is usually only a single reproduction publication date. DtSt can be coded s (single date). (See Appendix C: Example 3)

If using the PN approach for monograph print reprints, we may not be able to use DtSt: r (reprint) in conjunction with FF: Dates since there is the potential for multiple reproduction dates.

M

Ctry The country of publication (Ctry) code is a manifestation attribute. However, most users would not be searching for the country of publication of the reproduction.

Recommendation: When using the PN approach, the country code (Ctry) will reflect the country of publication for the original manifestation.

M

007 Many institutions prefer to have a separate bibliographic record for in-house microfilms due to multiple 007 fields.

Recommendation: In the past, multiple detailed 007 fields for microforms were used primarily for preservation microfilming purposes (mainly identifying who owned which printing and/or archival master). It is possible that the idea of creating multiple 007s (1 or 2 per micro-publisher) and linking them to their respective micro-publishers may not be as desirable as it once might have been. For the PN approach, the 007 field(s) will need to apply to all manifestations described in the record (e.g., 16mm film in one record, 35mm film in another, microfiche in another, etc.). Since 007 fields cannot be linked with $8, consider including provider-specific information in notes in place of multiple 007 fields that do not apply to all versions.

M

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022 or other identifiers

RDA 2.15.1.3: When a facsimile or reproduction has an identifier or identifiers associated with the original manifestation as well as with the facsimile or reproduction, record the identifier associated with the facsimile or reproduction. Record any identifier associated with the original manifestation as an identifier for a related manifestation.

Recommendation: Follow RDA. Record the identifier(s) for the reproduction and link them if necessary. Record the identifier for the original manifestation in a 776 field.

046 If using a non-PN approach, the 046 field may be used with subfield $o and $p to indicate the beginning and end date for the original.

Recommendation: If using the PN approach, the 046 field does not apply.

M

245 RDA 2.3.2.3: When the title of a facsimile or reproduction is different from the title of the original manifestation, choose the title of the facsimile or reproduction as the title proper... If the title of the original manifestation appears elsewhere in the resource, record it as the title of a related manifestation.

The title proper is a manifestation attribute and will reflect the title of the reproduction. That title may not match the preferred title of the original manifestation which can make identification difficult.

Recommendation: The provider-neutral approach favors analytical descriptions (see RDA 1.5.3). Therefore, record the preferred title of the original work as the title proper and the reproduction title (if different) as a variant title.

M

246 Recommendation: For complex title changes or compilations, add 246 fields as needed for access or add provider-specific notes. Record the reproduction title (if different from the preferred title of the original work) as a variant title.

For the PN model, consider the use of linked 246 fields (see Appendix C: Linked data and Example 2).

M

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264 _1 (publication)

RDA 2.8.1.3 When a facsimile or reproduction has a publication statement or statements relating to the original manifestation as well as to the facsimile or reproduction, record the publication statement or statements relating to the facsimile or reproduction. Record any publication statement relating to the original as a publication statement of a related manifestation.

Multiple 264 fields for the various reproductions would be beneficial to users who have a citation for a specific provider but their local library owns a different manifestation. Due to the multiple 264 fields in a PN record, the user would discover that their local library in fact owns the manifestation. If not for the PN record, that user might resort to ILL to request a manifestation that is already owned by their local library.

Recommendation: Using the PN approach, the publication area would need to apply to all manifestations of the same expression. Use 264 _1 (publication) for the place, publisher, and publication date of the original manifestation. (See Appendix C examples)

M

264 _3 (manufacturer)

RDA 2.10: The [manufacturer's statement] is a core element for a resource in a published form if neither a publisher nor a distributor is identified.

RDA 2.10.1.3: When a facsimile or reproduction has a manufacture statement or statements relating to the original manifestation as well as to the facsimile or reproduction, record the manufacture statement or statements relating to the facsimile or reproduction. Record any manufacture statement relating to the original as a manufacture statement of a related manifestation.

The publication information of the micro-publisher was previously recorded in the 533 field. Under RDA, this information would be recorded as the publisher of the reproduction in a 264 _1 field.

Recommendation: The micro-publisher is essentially a manufacturer by definition. Use 264 _3 (manufacture) for the place, publisher, and publication date of the reproduction. Repeat the fields for multiple providers. (See Appendix C: Example 2)

The use of the 264 _3 effectively moves this type of data out of the notes area (533) and into a more prominent display. This makes it easier to immediately identify a resource as a reproduction.

M

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300 RDA 3.1.3: When describing a facsimile or reproduction, record the elements describing the carrier of the facsimile or reproduction.

Recommendation: Record the extent of the reproduction. For multipart and serial items that are not yet complete, record the unit type but not the number of units. Otherwise, use linked 300 fields for each manifestation as needed to record the extent (see Appendix C: Linked data).

300 ## $a microfilm reels ; $c 9 cm, 35 mm. (incomplete multipart and serial items)

300 ## $8 1/c $a 3 microfilm reels ; $c 9 cm, 35 mm.

M

310 Frequency is an expression attribute and therefore reflects that of the original manifestation.

Recommendation: Record the frequency of the original manifestation.

If the publication frequency of the reproduction differs from the original manifestation, record it in a linked note (see Appendix C: Linked data).

If the publication frequency of the reproduction differs from the original manifestation, and it is applicable to all versions of a manifestation, record it in a note.

E

362 RDA 2.6.1.3: When a facsimile or reproduction has numbering relating to the original manifestation as well as to the facsimile or reproduction, record the numbering relating to the facsimile or reproduction. Record the numbering relating to the original manifestation as numbering of a related manifestation.

While serial numbering is a manifestation attribute, the sequencing pattern is an expression attribute. Given that microform reproductions of serials are still serials, it seems logical that the cataloger should record the serial numbering and sequencing for the original manifestation as it appears on the reproduction.

Recommendation: Though reproductions could be separately numbered from the original manifestation (e.g., microfilm reel numbers), these do not constitute the numbering of the serial itself. Record serial numbering and sequencing of the original manifestation for serial reproductions.

M (serial numbering)

and E (sequencing)

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500 Unlike online manifestations which are unpredictable and dynamic, microfilm is tangible and static. As a result, generic notes are acceptable for PN online resources but for microfilm, it might be more beneficial to FRBR user tasks to use provider-specific notes, rather than a generic note such as: “Some versions are filmed with other titles.” (See Appendix C: Examples 1-2).

Recommendation: For the PN model, consider the use of linked notes (See Appendix C: Example 2).

M

533 (reproduction note)

n/a if using PN M

534 (original version note)

n/a if using PN E

588 This is a manifestation attribute but recording the information for the reproduction manifestation is not very informative.

Recommendation: For microform monographs, record a 588 DBO note with title source.

588 ## Description based on Bell & Howell microfilm; title from microfilm title frame.

For microform serials, the 588 DBO/LIC should reflect the numbering and sequencing for both the original and reproduction manifestations. (See Appendix examples)

588 ## Description based on: Vol. 1, no. 95 (July 18, 1876); title from masthead (National Film Board, microfilm reel 1).

588 ## Latest issue consulted: Vol. 60, no. 160 (June 30, 1938) (University of Chicago Libraries, microfilm reel 5).

M

776 For title changes and filmed-with compilations, the LC-PCC PS for RDA 27.1.1.3 states: If the manifestation is a compilation containing reproductions of works not published earlier as a compilation, give a bibliographic history note, rather than MARC 775/ 776 linking fields, about the individual works if you think that information would be helpful to the user.

Recommendation: The related manifestation is a core element for LC/PCC but if choosing an analytical description and/or provider-neutral approach, the above LC-PCC PS does not apply. If additional details about the original manifestation need to be recorded, use the 776 field (e.g., use $g and $m for holdings, include a 580 note with details, etc.)

M

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830 RDA 2.12.1.3: When a facsimile or reproduction has a series statement or statements relating to the original manifestation as well as to the facsimile or reproduction, record the series statement or statements relating to the facsimile or reproduction. Record any series statement relating to the original manifestation as a series statement of a related manifestation.

Recommendation: Record the series authorized access point of the original manifestation in 776 $k.

Record the series authorized access point of the reproduction in a linked 830 field. (See Appendix C: Example 2)

M

To conclude, we would like to recommend the addition of a LC-PCC PS for RDA 27.1.1.3 to allow the option of a provider-neutral approach for cataloging facsimiles and reproductions across all formats. It is important to note that this option may not apply for all manifestations. Using a provider-neutral approach could simplify situations where multiple manifestations are best served aggregated on a single record but we also recognize that some reproduction manifestations have sufficient unique details to justify their own descriptions (e.g., some rare book items that have unique item-specific details that become manifestation details when the item is commercially reproduced, or DVDs available in various subtitled or dubbed versions). Use of the provider-neutral approach would be left to catalogers’ judgment.

Non-Microform Reproductions

Background

The charge of this task group includes other reproductions in addition to microform. The current PN guidelines are mainly for digitized monographs and serials; therefore, one of our goals is to explore if the PN guidelines need to be expanded to cover other kinds of reproductions. Likewise, LC-PCC PS for 27.1.1.3 is examined to determine if it needs to be revised with more specific instructions and examples. The types of resources may include still images, moving images (from film to DVD/Blu-ray and/or from DVD to streaming video), audio resources (e.g. from LP to CD), cartographical resources (from map to GIS), print-on-demand, etc.

Examples (by applying LC-PCC PS for 27.1.1.3)

a. Reprint of reprint: OCLC# 841770230 b. Digitized graphics (still images): OCLC# 502657990 c. "On Demand" CD's: OCLC# 842416011, 842169985, 798729517, 827338860 d. Online serial (PN): OCLC# 68864082

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e. Print on demand: OCLC# 858058020, 841815340

Recommendations

a. The LC-PCC PS for 27.1.1.3 needs to be revised with more specific instructions and examples.

b. Devising a flowchart may help sort and follow different guidelines/standards.

c. We may need to work with certain groups for certain types of resources such as OLAC for moving images or MLA for notated music to determine the nature of the reproduction. For example, OLAC community may not agree that DVD is a “reproduction” because the content of DVD usually varies from the original film. Additionally, different releases of the same DVD content will have different languages associated with them. How would PN guidelines work with this, with multiple 546s and/or 041s? If DVDs are not considered reproductions by the OLAC, the 776 field would not be appropriate.

For example, the motion picture, "Wedding Crashers" was very popular when released as a motion picture in 2005. There are 32 different DVD releases for this title (040 $b eng). A few of these look to be duplicate records. Generally speaking, there are 29 differences in languages, in language subtitles, in notes for subtitles, in notes for the hearing impaired, release dates, special features (many interesting to users). What would a complex PN record look like for this case?

d. We need to determine which scenarios best fit a PN approach and which should not follow PN. We recommend creating a document on the application of PN guidelines to different reproduction scenarios, considering the needs/desires of a range of users.

For example, print-on-demand reproductions might be well suited to a PN record because of the multiple reproduction dates that would result in multiple records under RDA 1.11. However, the range of quality in the printing from different vendors (particularly with illustrations) could mean that separate records, which clearly reflect the vendor providing the reproduction, would be valuable for acquisitions or interlibrary loan needs.

e. In the LC/PCC-PS 27.1.1.3, “if the reproduction is a facsimile of a manuscript and attributes of the original for use in a MARC 775/776 linking field are not readily ascertainable, give a bibliographic history note with the information you have.” Can digitization of manuscript (e.g. UMI dissertations) follow PN approach because it’s being published at that time—the original print would not have publication information to use? Further research on this topic is needed.

LC-PCC PS for 27.1.1.3: Summary of revision proposals

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I. RDA rules on facsimiles and reproductions (and related rules)

The following RDA rules and LC PCC Policy Statements relate directly or indirectly to the cataloging of facsimiles and reproductions. Any consideration of basing comprehensive description of reproductions on the original would require revision or significant interpretation of most, if not all, of these rules.

1.11 2.2.2.2 2.3.1.3 2.3.2.3 2.4.1.3 2.5.1.3 2.6.1.3 2.7.1.3 2.8.1.3 2.9.1.3 2.10.1.3 2.12.1.3 2.15.1.3 2.19.1.3 3.1.3 27.1 (27.1, 27.1.1, 27.1.1.1., 27.1.1.2, 27.1.1.3)

II. Recommendations

This is simply a list of proposals. If our proposals get approved by SCS, more detailed text will be written for rule revision.

1. RDA 1.11, LC-PCC PS for 0.0.E—Republications and LC-PCC PS for 27.1/27.1.1.3 should be cross-linked. Currently, the instructions for reproductions are pretty scattered and not inter-linked at all.

2. With the spirit of more options in RDA, TG recommends to include more options in LC-PCC PS 27.1.1.3 and a list of approaches are as follows:

a. Provider-Neutral Approachb. Analytical Approach c. Other approaches including Modified USNP, Status Quo—keeping 533/LCRI 11

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3. LC-PCC PS 27.1.1.3 instructs “If the manifestation is a compilation containing reproductions of works not published earlier as a compilation, give a bibliographic history note, rather than MARC 775/776 linking fields, about the individual works if you think that information would be helpful to the user. If the reproduction is a facsimile of a manuscript and attributes of the original for use in a MARC 775/776 linking field are not readily ascertainable, give a bibliographic history note with the information you have.”

TG recommends to include the option of “analytical approach” when the cataloger sees the need to create a bibliographic record for each title.

4. The definition of reproduction is quite vague and broad in LC-PCC PS for 27.1.1.3 and RDA 1.11. A more explicit explanation and more specific examples are needed. . In RDA 1.11 Facsimiles and Reproductions--When describing a facsimile or reproduction, record the data relating to the facsimile or reproduction in the appropriate element. Record any data relating to the original manifestation as an element of a related work or related manifestation, as applicable.

According to these two rules, shall we treat the following types of resources as "reproductions"?

Music CD converted from LP (analog) DVD converted from film (motion picture) Streaming video converted from DVD or film Print on demand Digital reproductions of print manifestations including both text (PDF files) and

graphics (still images such as posters or prints) Reprint of print reprints

However, in the RDA Glossary, “reproduction” is defined as “an exact copy of the content of a resource made by mechanical or electronic means.” All these definitions in RDA may need to be synchronized.

5. More specific instructions and examples are needed for non-monograph and non-text materials in LC-PCC PS for 27.1.1.3 and RDA 1.1.

6. More detailed instructions and examples are needed for complex scenarios or cases such as compilations, manuscripts, print on demand, etc.

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Further Research

Bibliographic Description Beyond MARC

The difficulty we have in describing reproductions is largely due to the nature of the metadata format we use for the descriptions, i.e. MARC 21. The MARC format was developed to handle bibliographic records created for card catalogs. As catalog technology evolved to bring about online catalogs and discovery tools, the MARC format has been revised to keep up with the needs of the new technologies. Yet the rules for description (AACR2) remained based in an old model (the unit card concept), and even with all of its improvements, the MARC format has been unable to escape that model. Today, we have new rules for description (RDA) based on an entity-relationship model (FRBR). We are trying to identify and describe several different FRBR Group 1 entities (work, expression, manifestation--and sometimes even item) and have no choice but to put everything into one MARC container, where any given compartment (byte, field, subfield) may refer to one, two, or even more different RDA elements and to one, two, or more different Group 1 entities. This data ambiguity is the heart of our problem in describing reproductions.

In the 1980s and 1990s, there was much discussion about the "multiple versions problem". In Airlie, Virginia in Dec. 1989, a forum was held to discuss options for the treatment of resources available in multiple physical formats.5 The three techniques discussed were Two-tier, Three-tier, and Separate. Basically, in the Two-tier model, the "base" version is described in the bibliographic record, and additional or variant descriptive information for another version (such as a microfilm reproduction) is carried in the holdings record along with actual holdings data. The Three-tier model, which was found "quite appealing on a theoretical level" but ultimately "far less appealing when measured against pragmatic criteria" (page 26), envisioned a three-tier hierarchical structure with basic (common) elements in the top tier, version-specific elements in the middle tier, and holdings data in the bottom tier. In the Separate model, a separate complete bibliographic record is created for each version, with links between the records.

The model that was recommended by the Forum was the Two-tier model. The Three-tier and Separate models both have aspects that anticipated the data model we now have in FRBR. History has shown that the Separate model is what won out, although it was flavored by "rule interpretations" that essentially continued the "facsimile theory" practice of given details about the reproduction in a note, similar to the "dash entries" in the card catalog.6

5 Multiple Versions Forum (1989 : Airlie, Va.). Multiple Versions Forum report : report from a meeting held December 6-8, 1989, Airlie, Virginia. Washington: Network Development and MARC Standards Office, Library of Congress, 1990.6 Richard J. Urban, "Principle Paradigms Revisiting the Dublin Core 1:1 Principle" (PhD diss., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2012), p. 15.

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The Library of Congress launched the Bibliographic Framework Initiative (BIBFRAME) in 2011.7 A major component of BIBFRAME is the development of a metadata format to replace MARC. While a fully functioning format has yet to emerge, development is well underway. BIBFRAME is being informed by the RDA element set, although the goal is to have a format that will be independent of any particular set of cataloging guidelines. Another aspect of BIBFRAME is that it is being developed as a Linked Data model, fully functioning in the semantic web.8

In theory, with BIBFRAME we will be able to describe any given resource by following the RDA guidelines and assigning values to all of the applicable elements and identifying all of the related entities. In describing a reproduction, it will only be necessary to give details of the reproduction, along with a relationship to the original resource. Then, the interface (perhaps a cataloging system, for the cataloger; or a webscale discovery tool, for the library user) will automatically, by means of the relationships noted between the versions, make use of the details of all versions in the search and/or display process. For instance, when performing a search, results can be refined by facets such as publisher, manufacturer, format, or date; or when displaying the description of the resource in one format, links can also be displayed for other format versions that are available. If a description has already been created for the resource in one format, most of the cataloger's work for all other formats has already been taken care of: the work has been described, the expression has been described, and the only thing left to describe for a new format are the details specific to that format. Identifying the relationship is the key here.

It should be stressed that the cataloging of single-manifestation resources (the bulk of the work done by most catalogers) is not likely to entail triple the cataloging work, as has been suggested by some critics of FRBR and RDA. Using a well-designed interface, the cataloger should be able to input the data for all levels of the WEMI hierarchy with no more data keying than is done today for a single MARC bibliographic record. When cataloging a reproduction, the cataloger will be freed up to concentrate on the elements relating to the reproduction, and only those elements relating to the original that have not been described previously.

The most important unknown factor is the length of time we have before BIBFRAME (or some other schema) becomes the norm. In regard to the treatment of reproductions, the question we really need to answer is: What should we be doing in the meantime that is both useful in our current (and evolving) catalogs and discovery systems and will be able to migrate easily (and meaningfully) to a future data schema?

Sample RDA "Post-MARC" Description

7 See the BIBFRAME website at: http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/ and http://bibframe.org/ 8 Bibliographic Framework as a Web of Data: Linked Data Model and Supporting Services. Washington, DC: Library of Congress, Nov. 21, 2012. Available at: http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/pdf/marcld-report-11-21-2012.pdf

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http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/pdf/marcld-report-11-21-2012.pdf

http://bibframe.org/

http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/

This is an experimental treatment of the metadata elements and relationships--organized by the FRBR work, expression, and manifestation entities--for the newspaper titles Rwanda Newsline and Newsline (Kigali, Rwanda : 2006) (see tables below). Under each WEM entity is a table showing (on the left) a concept of how the elements and relationships may be identified, and (on the right) the value of the element or target of the relationship. These elements are based on RDA elements. An attempt was made to place all of the pieces of data from the current OCLC MARC records into these entities, but some data lack RDA equivalents (some have been added, most notably "subjectGeographical"). In some places the mapping is not confident, but that is simply something that will need to be refined. It looks like we still have need for some non-RDA elements, as well as some meta-metadata.

Manifestation 3 is the one most germane to the situation the task force is dealing with. It is rather different from Manifestations 1 and 2, in that it does not relate directly to any expression. Rather, it relates indirectly to the expressions manifested in Manifestations 1-2. This is based on the idea that it should not be necessary for every manifestation to be a manifestation of an expression (directly); while there must be relationships to expressions (and ultimately works), those relationships can be indirect, especially in case of reproductions, items bound together by a library, etc. Systems dealing with FRBR-based metadata should be able to associate the appropriate work and expression elements with the Manifestation 3 elements by following the relationships (since m3 is a reproduction of m1 and m2, it is inherently a manifestation of the same expressions that m1 and m2 are manifestations of).

Appendices D1 and D2 give graphic representations of the RDA elements and the relationships between the FRBR work/expression/manifestation entities. Appendix D1 is a chart for the Rwanda Newsline elements discussed above. (For the sake of simplicity, and to keep the illustration on a single page, some of the elements are omitted.) Appendix D2 is a more complex WEM situation for American Annals of Education (not otherwise discussed in this section), and omits most of the descriptive elements, focusing on the most basic identification elements.

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Work 1: Rwanda Newsline

workIdentifier w1

workPreferredTitle Rwanda newsline

workDate 1999-2006

workPlace Kigali, Rwanda

subjectGeographical Rwanda--Newspapers

subjectGeographical Kigali (Rwanda)--Newspapers

continuesWork Newsline (Kigali, Rwanda)

continuedByWork Newsline (Kigali, Rwanda : 2006)

Expression 1 (expression of Work 1)

expressionIdentifier e1

expressionOfWork w1

expressionContentType text

expressionDate 1999-2006

expressionLanguage eng

expressionIllustrative illustrations

Manifestation 1 (manifestation of Expression 1)

manifestationIdentifier m1

manifestationOfExpression e1

manifestationTitleProper Rwanda newsline

manifestationVariantTitle Weekly newsline

manifestationVariantTitle Newsline magazine

manifestationNumberingLastNumber vol. 3, no. 039

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manifestationNumberingLastChron 25 October/02 November 2006

manifestationPublicationPlace Kigali [Rwanda]

manifestationPublicationName Rwanda Newsline

manifestationPublicationDate -Nov. 29/Dec. 12, 1999

manifestationPublicationPlace Kigali, Rwanda

manifestationPublicationName Rwanda Independent Media Group (RIMEG)

manifestationPublicationDate Dec. 13/23, 1999-

manifestationModeOfIssuance serial

manifestationFrequency Weekly

manifestationFrequency Biweekly

manifestationNote Back page of some issues titled: Weekly newsline

manifestationNote Some issues include a section titled: Newsline magazine

manifestationNoteOnPublication Began in 1999.

manifestationNoteOnFrequency Weekly, Mar. 27/Apr. 2, 2000-Oct. 15/Nov. 2, 2006

manifestationNoteOnFrequency Biweekly, -Mar. 13/26, 2000

manifestationNoteOnIdentification Description based on: Vol. 3, no. 03 (Nov. 29/Dec. 12, 1999); title from caption.

manifestationNoteOnIdentification Latest issue consulted: Vol. 3, no. 039 (25 October/02 November 2006).

manifestationMediaType unmediated

manifestationCarrierType volume

manifestationExtentOfText volumes

manifestationDimensions cm

manifestationBaseMaterial newsprint

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reproducedAs m3

Work 2: Newsline (Kigali, Rwanda : 2006)

workIdentifier w2

workPreferredTitle Newsline (Kigali, Rwanda : 2006)

workDate 2006-

workPlace Kigali, Rwanda

continuesWork Rwanda newsline

subjectGeographical

Rwanda--Newspapers

subjectGeographical

Kigali (Rwanda)--Newspapers

Expression 2 (expression of Work 2)

expressionIdentifier e2

expressionOfWork w2

expressionContentType text

expressionDate 2006-

expressionLanguage eng

expressionIllustrative illustrations

Manifestation 2 (manifestation of Expression 2)


manifestationOfExpression e2

manifestationTitleProper Newsline

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manifestationNumberingFirstNumber Vol. 3, no. 040

manifestationNumberingFirstChron 17/24 November 2006

manifestationPublicationPlace Kigali, Rwanda

manifestationPublicationName Rwanda Independent Media Group (RIMEG)

manifestationModeOfIssuance serial

manifestationFrequency Weekly

manifestationNoteOnFrequency Although stated frequency is weekly, actual frequency varies, generally fluctuating from weekly to semimonthly to monthly, <Oct. 14/21, 2005->

manifestationNoteOnIdentification Description based on: Vol. III, no. 040 (17/24 November 2006); title from caption.

manifestationNoteOnIdentification Latest issue consulted: Vol. III, no. 053 (21/27 Sept., 2007).

manifestationMediaType unmediated

manifestationCarrierType volume

manifestationExtentOfText volumes

manifestationDimensions cm

manifestationBaseMaterial newsprint

reproducedAs m3

Manifestation 3 (reproduction of Manifestations 1-2)


reproductionOfManifestation m1

reproductionOfManifestation m2

manifestationTitleProper Newsline

manifestationPublicationPlace [Chicago, Ill.]

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manifestationPublicationName Cooperative Africana Materials Project, The Center for Research Libraries

manifestationPublicationDate [2013]

manifestationManufacturePlace Bethlehem, Pennsylvania

manifestationManufactureName Backstage Library Works

manifestationManufactureDate 2013

manifestationNote Some issues lacking.

manifestationNoteOnIdentification Description based on: Reel containing vol. 2, no. 3-62 (November 29, 1999-May 28, 2001); title from title frame.

manifestationNoteOnIdentification Latest issue consulted: Reel containing vol. 3, no. 18-53 (October 14, 2005-September 27, 2007).

manifestationMediaType microform

manifestationCarrierType microfilm reel

manifestationExtentOfText 2 microfilm reels

manifestationDimensions 35 mm

manifestationBaseMaterialFilm safety base

manifestationMicroEmulsion silver halide

manifestationMicroGeneration service copy

manifestationPolarity positive

manifestationReduction normal reduction

manifestationNoteOnManifestationOrItem Microfilm reproduction of: Rwanda newsline, Nov. 29/Dec. 29, 1999-Oct. 25/Nov. 2, 2006 (some issues missing); and: Newsline (Kigali, Rwanda : 2006), Nov. 17/24, 2006-Sept. 21/27, 2007 (some issues missing).

manifestationTermsOfAvailability Microform Sales, Center for Research Libraries, 6050 S. Kenwood Ave., Chicago, IL 60637.

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http://www.crl.edu

ILS Considerations

The accurate display of microforms and reproductions in ILS and Discovery platforms may require system software enhancements – both in the current MARC-based world and in the future BIBFRAME realm.

Enhanced material type icons that draw from format data in MARC tags 336-338 may be needed to expose format granularities. The single-byte value from byte 6 of the Leader of the MARC record will not be sufficient in all cases.

In the public interface, brief or citation displays should not hide the material type information. Patrons need to see material type information immediately.

ILS and Discovery systems also need to accommodate indexing and/or linking of the reproduction to the original manifestation. Linking title information should be indexed regardless of placement in MARC tag 534 or 776.

If the analytical approach is favored, it will be important to accurately group multiple items. It can be frustrating for patrons to see five records that represent one physical item.

In provider neutral records, the holdings or item record in the local system may need to be used to indicate the particular source of reproduction that the library holds. This usage may require software enhancements by the ILS provider if the current system has any constraints on the display or storage of this type of information.

Examples of current practices:

1 -- Microform record with journal material icon. The journal material type icon is accurate but the microform information is hidden under the “Details” tab.

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2 -- GMD says “microform” but icon says “book”.

3 -- Multiple format icons display, which provides the most complete information.

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Appendix A: RDA Implementation Dependencies (No action taken.)

Appendix B: Revision of RDA: Frequently Asked Questions(No action taken.)

Appendix C: Linked Data and Provider-neutral Record Examples

Use of $8 for linked data in PN records

In order to link provider-specific data in a PN record, we propose employing $8 (Field link and sequence number) to link multiple fields. The linking code would be "c" for constituent item.

007 ## $8 1\c $a h d007 ## $8 2\c $a h d a246 1_ $8 1\c $a Alternate title here246 1_ $8 2\c $a Alternate B title here264 _3 $8 1\c $a Chicago : $b …264 _3 $8 1\c $a New York : $b …

Provider-neutral record examples (click on icon below to retrieve PDF file):

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Appendix D: WEM analysis(click on icons to view in full)

Appendix D1: Rwanda Newsline WEM entity illustration

Appendix D2: American Annals of Education (1830-1839) WEM entity illustration

Appendix D3: "Manifestation family" Thought Experiment

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Appendix E: Reproductions: Decision process flowchart

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Appendix F: Monograph examples

The body of this report, while intended to apply to both monographs and serials, has focused primarily on the latter. This is because “RDA as currently interpreted” poses significant challenges when cataloging reproductions of serials. To compensate for this serial focus in the main report, Appendix F presents monograph-specific examples, including dissertations. The examples illustrate both the “RDA as currently interpreted” approach and the analytical approach.

Some of the examples below may appear impractical and for this reason should be regarded primarily as illustrative. When cataloging reproductions that share a container with other reproductions, the cataloger must choose the approach that best addresses the problems presented by the case at hand. An approach that works well with a serial may not work as well with a monograph and vice versa.

Figure 1. Reproduction manifestation record of microfilmed dissertation, cataloged according to “RDA as currently interpreted.” This would also constitute the optional “comprehensive record” if the Analytical Approach is adopted.

Rec stat n Entered 20060419 Replaced 20060419124938.8Type a ELvl I Srce d Audn Ctrl Lang engBLvl m Form a Conf 0 Biog MRec Ctry enk Cont GPub LitF 0 Indx 0Desc i Ills a Fest 0 DtSt s Dates 1960 , 007 h ǂb d ǂd a ǂe f ǂf a010 ǂg b ǂh a ǂi c ǂj a040 CRL ǂb eng ǂe rda ǂc CRL090 ǂb 049 CRLL100 1 Keatinge, W. R., ǂe author.245 1 4 The effect of work, clothing and adaptation on the maintenance of the body temperature in water and on reflex responses to immersion / ǂc by W.R. Keatinge.264 1 Cambridge, England : ǂb University Libary, ǂc [1960?]300 1 microfilm reel : ǂb illustrations ; ǂc 9 cm, 35 mm336 text ǂb txt ǂ2 rdacontent337 microform ǂb h ǂ2 rdamedia338 microfilm reel ǂb hd ǂ2 rdacarrier500 Title from image of original title page.502 ǂb Ph. D. ǂc University of Cambridge ǂd 1959.650 0 Body temperature ǂx Regulation.650 0 Water immersion.710 2 University of Cambridge.776 0 8 ǂi Reproduction of (manifestation): ǂa Keatinge, W. R. ǂt Effect of work, clothing and adaptation on the maintenance of the body temperature in water and on reflex responses to

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immersion. ǂd [Cambridge, England] : University of Cambridge, 1959. ǂh iii, [3], 124 pages, 59 leaves of plates.

Figure 2. Reproduction manifestation record of microfilmed dissertation, cataloged according to RDA Analytical Approach (as interpreted by the task group to allow one reproduction to “contain” one original – see main report for further explanation).

Rec stat n Entered 20140324 Replaced 20140324140555.135Type a ELvl I Srce d Audn Ctrl Lang engBLvl m Form a Conf 0 Biog MRec Ctry enk Cont GPub LitF 0 Indx 0Desc i Ills af Fest 0 DtSt s Dates 1959 ,

007 h ǂb d ǂd a ǂe f ǂf a010 ǂg b ǂh a ǂi c ǂj a040 CRL ǂb eng ǂe rda ǂc CRL090 ǂb 049 CRLL100 1 Keatinge, W. R., ǂe author.245 1 4 The effect of work, clothing and adaptation on the maintenance of the body temperature in water and on reflex responses to immersion / ǂc by W.R. Keatinge.264 0 [Cambridge, England] : University of Cambridge, ǂc 1959.264 3 Cambridge, England : ǂb University Libary, ǂc [1960?]300 iii, 3 unnumbered, 124 pages, 59 leaves of plates : ǂb illustrations336 text ǂb txt ǂ2 rdacontent337 microform ǂb h ǂ2 rdamedia338 microfilm reel ǂb hd ǂ2 rdacarrier500 Title from image of original title page.502 ǂb Ph. D. ǂc University of Cambridge ǂd 1959.650 0 Body temperature ǂx Regulation.650 0 Water immersion.710 2 University of Cambridge.773 0 8 ǂi Contained in (manifestation): ǂa Keatinge, W. R. ǂt Effect of work, clothing and adaptation on the maintenance of the body temperature in water and on reflex responses to immersion. ǂd Cambridge, England : University Libary, [1960?] ǂh 1 microfilm reel : illustrations ; 9 cm, 35 mm.776 0 8 ǂi Reproduction of (manifestation): ǂa Keatinge, W. R. ǂt Effect of work, clothing and adaptation on the maintenance of the body temperature in water and on reflex responses to immersion. ǂd [Cambridge, England] : University of Cambridge, 1959. ǂh iii, [3], 124 pages, 59 leaves of plates.

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Figure 3. Reproduction manifestation record of one microfilm reel containing one monograph, cataloged according to “RDA as currently interpreted.” This would also constitute the optional “comprehensive record” if the Analytical Approach is adopted.

Rec stat n Entered 20140327 Replaced 20140327135558.353Type a ELvl I Srce Audn Ctrl Lang engBLvl m Form a Conf 0 Biog MRec Ctry ilu Cont GPub LitF 0 Indx 0Desc a Ills a Fest 0 DtSt s Dates 1989 , 007 h ǂb d ǂd a ǂe f ǂf a--- ǂg b ǂh a ǂi c ǂj a007 h ǂb d ǂd b ǂe f ǂf a--- ǂg b ǂh a ǂi a ǂj a040 CRL ǂb eng ǂe rda ǂc CRL043 fe----- ǂa f-cg---050 DT361 ǂb .M75090 ǂb 049 CRLL100 1 Moloney, Joseph, A. ǂq (Joseph Augustus), ǂd 1857-1896.245 1 0 With Captain Stairs to Katanga : ǂb London, 1893 / ǂc Maloney, J.264 1 Evanston, IL : ǂb Northwestern University Library, Preservation Department, ǂc 1989.300 1 microfilm reel : ǂb illustrations ; ǂc 9 cm, 35 mm336 text ǂb txt ǂ2 rdacontent 337 microform ǂb h ǂ2 rdamedia 338 microfilm reel ǂb hd ǂ2 rdacarrier 500 Title from microfilm title frame.651 0 Africa, East ǂx Description and travel.651 0 Katanga (Congo)600 1 0 Stairs, William Grant, ǂd 1863-1892.776 0 8 ǂi Reproduction of (manifestation): ǂa Moloney, Joseph, A. (Joseph Augustus), 1857-1896. ǂt With Captain Stairs to Katanga. ǂd London : S. Low, Marston & Company, 1893 ǂh [8] leaves of plates, [1] folded map, xii, 280 pages : illustrations ; 19 cm ǂw (DLC) 08037452 ǂw (OCoLC)6586054

Figure 4. Reproduction manifestation record of one microfilmed monograph on one reel, cataloged according to RDA Analytical Approach (as interpreted by the task group to allow one reproduction to “contain” one original – see main report for further explanation).

Rec stat n Entered 20140327 Replaced 20140327 Type a ELvl I Srce Audn Ctrl Lang engBLvl m Form a Conf 0 Biog MRec Ctry enk Cont GPub LitF 0 Indx 0Desc a Ills abcf Fest 0 DtSt s Dates 1893 , 007 h ǂb d ǂd a ǂe f ǂf a--- ǂg b ǂh a ǂi c ǂj a007 h ǂb d ǂd b ǂe f ǂf a--- ǂg b ǂh a ǂi a ǂj a

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040 CRL ǂb eng ǂe rda ǂc CRL043 fe----- ǂa f-cg---050 DT361 ǂb .M75090 ǂb 049 CRLL100 1 Moloney, Joseph, A. ǂq (Joseph Augustus), ǂd 1857-1896.245 1 0 With Captain Stairs to Katanga, ǂc by Joseph A. Moloney ...264 1 London : ǂb Sampson Low, Marston & Company, ǂc 1893.264 3 Evanston, IL : ǂb Northwestern University Library, Preservation Department, ǂc 1989.264 3 London : ǂb Printed by William Clowes and Sons, Limited, ǂc [1893]300 [8] leaves of plates, [1] folded map, xii, 280 pages : ǂb illustrations336 text ǂb txt ǂ2 rdacontent 337 microform ǂb h ǂ2 rdamedia 338 microfilm reel ǂb hd ǂ2 rdacarrier 500 Title from image of original title page ..651 0 Africa, East ǂx Description and travel.651 0 Katanga (Congo)600 1 0 Stairs, William Grant, ǂd 1863-1892.773 0 8 ǂi Contained in (manifestation): ǂa Moloney, Joseph, A. (Joseph Augustus), 1857-1896. ǂt With Captain Stairs to Katanga : London, 1893. ǂd Evanston, IL : Northwestern University Library, Preservation Department, 1989 ǂh 1 microfilm reel ; 9 cm, 35 mm.776 0 8 ǂi Reproduction of (manifestation): ǂa Moloney, Joseph, A. (Joseph Augustus), 1857-1896. ǂt With Captain Stairs to Katanga ǂd London : Sampson Low, Marston & Company, 1893 ǂh [8] leaves of plates, [1] folded map, xii, 280 pages ; 19 cm ǂw (DLC) 08037452 ǂw (OCoLC)6586054

Figure 5. Reproduction manifestation record of one microfilm reel containing multiple monographs, cataloged according to “RDA as currently interpreted.” This would also constitute the optional “comprehensive record” if the Analytical Approach is adopted.

Rec stat n Entered 20140324 Replaced 20140324 Type a ELvl I Srce d Audn Ctrl Lang engBLvl m Form a Conf 0 Biog MRec Ctry ilu Cont GPub LitF 0 Indx 0Desc i Ills a Fest 0 DtSt s Dates 1991 , 007 h ǂb d ǂd a ǂe f ǂf u--- ǂg b ǂh a ǂi c ǂj a040 CRL ǂb eng ǂe rda ǂc CRL090 ǂb 049 CRLL245 00 IEN SN 00325 / ǂc RLG Preservation Program, Northwestern University Library.264 1 [Evanston, Illinois] : ǂb MIcrofilmed ... from the original owned by Northwestern University Library as part of the Research Libraries Group Great Collections Microfilming Project, Pase II, ǂc 1991.264 3 Ann Arbor, MI : ǂb Filmed by University Microfilms International300 1 microfilm reel : ǂb illustrations ; ǂc 9 cm, 35 mm

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500 Title from microfilm container label.505 1 IEN SN 00325.1. Poker om Noord-Afrika / Dr. W.A. 't Hart en M. A. Cageling -- IEN SN 00325.2. Sudan / von Rolf Herzog -- IEN SN 00325.3. Chansons congolaises / par trois moustiquaires ; dessins de P.R. de Meyer -- IEN SN 00325.4. Agrarisch recht in Algerije / Mr. P.J. Idenburg -- IEN SN 00325.5. Through darkest Pondelayo : an account of the adventures of two English ladies on a cannibal island / by Serena Livingstone-Stanley ; edited by Rev. Barnaby Whitecorn D.D. -- IEN SN 00325.6. The virgin from Aburi : and other stories / by Richard McMillan -- IEN SN 00325.7. Flore agrostologique de Congo belge et du Ruanda-Urundi / par le Dr. Walter Robyns -- IEN SN 00325.8. Who killed Inspector Kwasi Minta? : a crime-love story / by Gilbert A. Sam -- IEN SN 00325.9. La terre de servitude / H. Stanley ; ouvrage traduit de l'anglais avec l'autorisation de l'auteur par J. Levoisin -- IEN SN 00325.10. The musical bride / by Dave Talbot -- IEN SN 00325.11. De Soedan-kwesti / samengesteld door Dr. L. Adam.546 In Dutch, English, French, and German.710 2 Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.). ǂb Library, ǂe compiler. ǂ4 rda

Figure 6. Reproduction manifestation record of one microfilmed monograph on one reel containing multiple monographs, cataloged according to RDA Analytical Approach

Rec stat n Entered 20140327 Replaced 20140327125903.788Type a ELvl I Srce d Audn Ctrl Lang engBLvl m Form a Conf 0 Biog MRec Ctry gh Cont GPub LitF 1 Indx 0Desc i Ills Fest 0 DtSt q Dates 1950 , 1959007 h ǂb d ǂd a ǂe f ǂf a--- ǂg b ǂh a ǂi c ǂj a007 h ǂb d ǂd b ǂe f ǂf a--- ǂg b ǂh a ǂi b ǂj a007 h ǂb d ǂd b ǂe f ǂf a--- ǂg b ǂh a ǂi a ǂj a040 CRL ǂb eng ǂe rda ǂc CRL090 ǂb 049 CRLL100 1 Sam, Gilbert A. ǂe author.245 1 0 Who killed Inspector Kwasi Minta? : ǂb a crime-love story / ǂc by Gilbert A. Sam.264 1 Accra : ǂb Gilisam Publishing Syndicate, ǂc [1950-1959?]264 3 Kumasi : ǂb Printed at the Adom Press, ǂc [1950-1959?]264 3 [Evanston, Illinois] : ǂb Microfilmed ... from the original owned by Northwestern University Library as part of the Research Libraries Group Great Collections Microfilming Project, Pase II, ǂc 1991.300 26 pages336 text ǂb txt ǂ2 rdacontent 337 microform ǂb h ǂ2 rdamedia 338 microfilm reel ǂb hd ǂ2 rdacarrier 490 1 Kanzaar series ; ǂv no. 23500 Title from image of original title page.500 IEN SN 00325.8.

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500 Microfilm reproduction of: Sam, Gilbert A. Who killed Inspector Kwasi Minta? : a crime-love story. -- Accra : Gilisam Publishing Syndicate, [1950-1959?] -- 26 pages ; 23 cm. (Kanzaar series ; no. 23).501 On reel with: IEN SN 00325.1. Poker om Noord-Afrika / Dr. W.A. 't Hart en M. A. Cageling -- IEN SN 00325.2. Sudan / von Rolf Herzog -- IEN SN 00325.3. Chansons congolaises / par trois moustiquaires ; dessins de P.R. de Meyer -- IEN SN 00325.4. Agrarisch recht in Algerije / Mr. P.J. Idenburg -- IEN SN 00325.5. Through darkest Pondelayo : an account of the adventures of two English ladies on a cannibal island / by Serena Livingstone-Stanley ; edited by Rev. Barnaby Whitecorn D.D. -- IEN SN 00325.6. The virgin from Aburi : and other stories / by Richard McMillan -- IEN SN 00325.7. Flore agrostologique de Congo belge et du Ruanda-Urundi / par le Dr. Walter Robyns -- IEN SN 00325.9. La terre de servitude / H. Stanley ; ouvrage traduit de l'anglais avec l'autorisation de l'auteur par J. Levoisin -- IEN SN 00325.10. The musical bride / by Dave Talbot -- IEN SN 00325.11. De Soedan-kwesti / samengesteld door Dr. L. Adam.773 0 8 ǂi Contained in (manifestation): ǂt IEN SN 00325. ǂd Evanston, Ill. : Northwestern University Library, 1991 ǂh 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm.776 0 8 ǂi Reproduction of (manifestation): ǂa Sam, Gilbert A. ǂt Who killed inspector Kwasi Minta? ǂd [Accra, Gilisam Pub. Syndicate, ca. 1960] ǂh 26 p. ; 23 cmǂw (OCoLC)13450270830 0 Kanzaar series ; ǂv no. 23.

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