PC Maintenance: PC Maintenance: Preparing for A+ Preparing for A+

CertificationCertificationChapter 19: Imaging and Sound Chapter 19: Imaging and Sound

DevicesDevices

Chapter 19 ObjectivesChapter 19 Objectives

Understand scanner technologyUnderstand scanner technology Install and use a scanner in WindowsInstall and use a scanner in Windows Transfer pictures from digital camera to Transfer pictures from digital camera to

PCPC Troubleshoot scanners and camerasTroubleshoot scanners and cameras Understand sound technologyUnderstand sound technology Select and install a sound cardSelect and install a sound card Troubleshoot sound problemsTroubleshoot sound problems

Scanner TechnologyScanner Technology

Charge-coupled device (CCD)Charge-coupled device (CCD) Captures light bouncing off the image and Captures light bouncing off the image and

converts it to a numeric valueconverts it to a numeric value Contact Image Sensor (CIS)Contact Image Sensor (CIS)

Inexpensive LED alternative to CCDInexpensive LED alternative to CCD

How a CCD WorksHow a CCD Works

Scanner VocabularyScanner Vocabulary

X-direction sampling rateX-direction sampling rate Number of cells in the CCD per inch of imageNumber of cells in the CCD per inch of image

Y-direction sampling rateY-direction sampling rate Number of vertical positions per inch captured Number of vertical positions per inch captured

as the sensor moves down the pageas the sensor moves down the page InterpolationInterpolation

Inserting extra pixels between two captured Inserting extra pixels between two captured ones by averaging their valuesones by averaging their values

Scanner Bit DepthScanner Bit Depth

Number of bits required to describe a pixelNumber of bits required to describe a pixel The higher the bit depth the more colors to The higher the bit depth the more colors to

choose from when attempting to describe choose from when attempting to describe a pixela pixel

All scanners today support at least 24-bit All scanners today support at least 24-bit scanning (“True Color”)scanning (“True Color”)

Bit Depths Above 24-BitBit Depths Above 24-Bit

Extra bits in bit depth above 24 are used Extra bits in bit depth above 24 are used for error correctionfor error correction BrightnessBrightness Color correctionColor correction Best 24 bits are kept, the rest are thrown out Best 24 bits are kept, the rest are thrown out

before data is sent to PCbefore data is sent to PC This is better than the PC attempting to do the This is better than the PC attempting to do the

correction itselfcorrection itself

Scanner InterfaceScanner Interface

USBUSB Most common todayMost common today

SCSISCSI Typical of very high-end scannersTypical of very high-end scanners

Legacy parallelLegacy parallel Becoming obsoleteBecoming obsolete

Other Measurements of Scanner Other Measurements of Scanner PerformancePerformance

Scanning speedScanning speed To compare, must be based on a consistent To compare, must be based on a consistent

page size between modelspage size between models Dynamic rangeDynamic range

Ability to distinguish light and darkAbility to distinguish light and dark Scale runs from 0 to 4Scale runs from 0 to 4 Higher number is better (for example, 3.2)Higher number is better (for example, 3.2)

Installing a ScannerInstalling a Scanner

Remove any tape seals on new unitRemove any tape seals on new unit Locate locking mechanism and unlock itLocate locking mechanism and unlock it

Installing a ScannerInstalling a Scanner

Legacy parallel scanner can share port Legacy parallel scanner can share port with printer using pass-throughwith printer using pass-through

Windows Versions and ScannersWindows Versions and Scanners

Windows 9x and 2000: Windows 9x and 2000: No native supportNo native support Install the scanner’s own softwareInstall the scanner’s own software TWAIN interfaceTWAIN interface

Windows Versions and ScannersWindows Versions and Scanners

Windows Me and XP:Windows Me and XP: Native support for some scannersNative support for some scanners Install scanner’s software only if neededInstall scanner’s software only if needed

Scanner and Camera WizardScanner and Camera Wizard

Windows Me Windows Me and XPand XP

Consistent Consistent interface for all interface for all brands and brands and models of models of scannersscanners

Troubleshooting Scanner Troubleshooting Scanner ProblemsProblems

Is scanner receiving power?Is scanner receiving power? Are cables snug?Are cables snug? Is scanner unlocked?Is scanner unlocked? Is the interface fully functional (i.e. not Is the interface fully functional (i.e. not

disabled)?disabled)? Is scanner sharing a parallel port? If so try Is scanner sharing a parallel port? If so try

disconnecting printer temporarilydisconnecting printer temporarily

Digital CamerasDigital Cameras

Similar technology to scannersSimilar technology to scanners Also use CCDsAlso use CCDs Store images on memory cards rather Store images on memory cards rather

than sending them immediately to the than sending them immediately to the computercomputer

How a Digital Camera WorksHow a Digital Camera Works

Digital Camera FeaturesDigital Camera Features

Camera sizeCamera size Maximum resolution (megapixels)Maximum resolution (megapixels) ZoomZoom Storage mediumStorage medium Interface to PCInterface to PC Manual adjustmentsManual adjustments Delay between picturesDelay between pictures FlashFlash

Digital Video CamerasDigital Video Cameras

Portable video camerasPortable video cameras WebcamsWebcams

Digital Camera Support in Digital Camera Support in WindowsWindows

Windows Me and Windows Me and XP onlyXP only

Scanner and Scanner and Camera WizardCamera Wizard

Also can open as Also can open as a regular file a regular file management management windowwindow

Working with Images in WindowsWorking with Images in Windows

Windows Windows XP: XP: Filmstrip Filmstrip ViewView

Working with Images in WindowsWorking with Images in Windows Windows Windows

Me and Me and 2000: 2000: Image Image PreviewPreview

Set up with Set up with View > View > Customize Customize This FolderThis Folder

Understanding the Sound Understanding the Sound SubsystemSubsystem

MotherboardMotherboard Sound card (if separate from motherboard)Sound card (if separate from motherboard) SpeakersSpeakers MicrophoneMicrophone MIDI instrumentsMIDI instruments CD drives that play audio CDsCD drives that play audio CDs Other I/O devicesOther I/O devices

Digital Audio and MIDIDigital Audio and MIDI

Digital AudioDigital Audio Originally had an analog sourceOriginally had an analog source Digitized from the originalDigitized from the original

MIDIMIDI Created with a digital instrumentCreated with a digital instrument No analog originNo analog origin Digital original simply recorded, not convertedDigital original simply recorded, not converted

MIDIMIDI

Stands for Multi-Instrument Digital Stands for Multi-Instrument Digital InterfaceInterface

Most common instrument is a keyboardMost common instrument is a keyboard Most sound cards have wavetable Most sound cards have wavetable

synthesissynthesis Recorded clips of various instruments playing Recorded clips of various instruments playing

various notesvarious notes MIDI recording is played back using these MIDI recording is played back using these

clips when possible for a more natural soundclips when possible for a more natural sound

Selecting a Sound CardSelecting a Sound Card

PCI interfacePCI interface Input and output portsInput and output ports MIDI features (if desired)MIDI features (if desired) Digital audio features (if desired)Digital audio features (if desired)

Features Important for MIDIFeatures Important for MIDI

New instrument New instrument capabilitycapability

PolyphonyPolyphony ROM sizeROM size RAM sizeRAM size Synthesizer effectsSynthesizer effects MIDI channelsMIDI channels

Effects engineEffects engine Recording depthRecording depth Maximum recording Maximum recording

raterate Playback depthPlayback depth Maximum playback Maximum playback

raterate Signal-to-noise ratioSignal-to-noise ratio

Features Important for Digital Features Important for Digital AudioAudio

Built-in amplifierBuilt-in amplifier Sound Blaster compatibilitySound Blaster compatibility Microsoft DirectSound SupportMicrosoft DirectSound Support EAX supportEAX support Dolby Digital 5.1 decodingDolby Digital 5.1 decoding Separate speaker and woofer adjustmentsSeparate speaker and woofer adjustments

External PortsExternal Ports

MIDIMIDI Line OutLine Out Line InLine In MicrophoneMicrophone SpeakerSpeaker

Digital OutDigital Out HeadphonesHeadphones Optical OutOptical Out Optical InOptical In

Typical Color CodingTypical Color Coding

PortPort ColorColor

Line OutLine Out GreenGreen

Speaker OutSpeaker Out BlackBlack

MicrophoneMicrophone RedRed

Line InLine In BlueBlue

Digital OutDigital Out YellowYellow

Internal PortsInternal Ports

Telephone Answering Telephone Answering DeviceDevice

CD InCD In Sony/Philips Digital Sony/Philips Digital

Interface (S/PDIF)Interface (S/PDIF)

TV TunerTV Tuner Microphone Microphone

ConnectorConnector Auxiliary InAuxiliary In

3D Sound3D Sound

Similar to Surround Sound in a movie Similar to Surround Sound in a movie theatretheatre

Mostly for gamesMostly for games Requires programmers who wrote the Requires programmers who wrote the

application to have included commands application to have included commands that use an API that the sound card that use an API that the sound card supportssupports

Works best when you have more than two Works best when you have more than two speakersspeakers

3D Sound APIs3D Sound APIs

Not all sound cards support all APIsNot all sound cards support all APIs Some popular APIs includeSome popular APIs include

Microsoft DirectSound3DMicrosoft DirectSound3D A3DA3D EAXEAX SensauraSensaura

Installing a Sound CardInstalling a Sound Card

Like any other expansion boardLike any other expansion board If sound is built into motherboard, disable If sound is built into motherboard, disable

in BIOS Setup or in Windowsin BIOS Setup or in Windows Attach audio cable from CD drive to sound Attach audio cable from CD drive to sound

card to play CDs directly through sound card to play CDs directly through sound cardcard

Setting Up the Sound Card in Setting Up the Sound Card in WindowsWindows

Run Setup utility Run Setup utility for sound cardfor sound card

Check it in Check it in Device ManagerDevice Manager

Multiple sound Multiple sound devices might devices might appear there appear there even though it is even though it is a single physical a single physical cardcard

Troubleshooting Sound Troubleshooting Sound ProblemsProblems

Windows does not see the sound cardWindows does not see the sound card Run the Setup software for the cardRun the Setup software for the card

Card is recognized but no sound is heardCard is recognized but no sound is heard Speakers not connectedSpeakers not connected Speakers not powered onSpeakers not powered on Volume not turned upVolume not turned up Volume muted in WindowsVolume muted in Windows

Troubleshooting Sound Troubleshooting Sound ProblemsProblems

Audio CDs will not playAudio CDs will not play Audio cable not attached between CD drive Audio cable not attached between CD drive

and sound cardand sound card Digital audio playback not enabled in CD Digital audio playback not enabled in CD

drive’s properties in Windowsdrive’s properties in Windows No system soundsNo system sounds

Sound scheme not chosen in Sounds Sound scheme not chosen in Sounds properties in Control Panelproperties in Control Panel

Microphone ProblemsMicrophone Problems

No sound when recording No sound when recording Recording control is not selected in WindowsRecording control is not selected in Windows Microphone not plugged into correct jackMicrophone not plugged into correct jack

Selecting SpeakersSelecting Speakers

AmplificationAmplification Root Mean Squared (RMS)Root Mean Squared (RMS) RMS MaximumRMS Maximum PMPOPMPO

ShieldingShielding Number of SpeakersNumber of Speakers Frequency RangeFrequency Range Analog vs. Digital SpeakersAnalog vs. Digital Speakers

Installing SpeakersInstalling Speakers

Two speakers:Two speakers: One speaker connects to PCOne speaker connects to PC Second speaker connects to other speakerSecond speaker connects to other speaker

More than two speakers:More than two speakers: All speakers connect to subwooferAll speakers connect to subwoofer Woofer connects to PCWoofer connects to PC

Sound Support in WindowsSound Support in Windows

System SoundsSystem Sounds Sound schemesSound schemes From Control PanelFrom Control Panel Save and load Save and load

schemesschemes

Hardware ControlsHardware Controls

Choose which Choose which sound card to sound card to prefer when prefer when multiple cards are multiple cards are installedinstalled

You can have a You can have a different card for different card for digital audio versus digital audio versus MIDI, for exampleMIDI, for example

Sound Options for People with Sound Options for People with DisabilitiesDisabilities

Narrator:Narrator: Reads all text in all dialog boxes, Reads all text in all dialog boxes, plus text in supported applicationsplus text in supported applications

SoundSentry:SoundSentry: Provides a visual cue when Provides a visual cue when Windows generates a system soundWindows generates a system sound

ShowSounds:ShowSounds: Turns on captioning for any Turns on captioning for any applications that support itapplications that support it

ToggleKeys:ToggleKeys: Plays a tone whenever Caps Plays a tone whenever Caps Lock, Num Lock, or Scroll Lock is pressedLock, Num Lock, or Scroll Lock is pressed