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Professional Circle

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MEMBERS INVOLVED:

BASANT KUMAR JHA RAHUL SHUKLADY. MANAGER ASST. MANAGER

O. P. MEENA

ASST. MANAGER

DEPARTMENT OF O&M

OPERATIONS( GROUP2 )

FoE

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Introduction

India is facing significant growth in electricitydemand and could benefit greatly by using energy

efficient lighting systems.

Lighting is the most visible form of electricity

consumption and lighting load in our country is veryhigh about 17-18% of total load. By increasing theefficiency of lighting system, there can be significantenergy saving and reduction in peak load.

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Terms in Lighting

The most common measure of light output

(or luminous flux) is the lumen.

The distribution of light on a surface is calledillumination.

Illumination is measured in footcandles or Lux. Afootcandle of illumination is a lumen of light

distributed over a 1-square-foot area.

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Terms in Lighting

Luminous efficacy of a source is the ratio of light output froma lamp to the electric power it consumes and is measured inlumens per watt (LPW).

Color Rendition Index (CRI)is ability of a light source toaccurately reproduce colours of objects in comparisonwith an ideal source. A scale of 0 to 100 defines the

CRI.

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Evolution of Lighting

Incandescent bulbs, which are now considered as heaters,

generate 90% heat and accidentally give out light.

High Intensity Discharge (MV, MH, HPSV).

Fluorescent tube lights / CFL .

Light Emitting Diode (LED) / OLED.

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Incandescent Lamp

Works on principle of incandescence.

Advantages:

Inexpensive.Warm up not required.

Not Temperature sensitive.

Disadvantages:

Inefficient (10 - 25 lumens/watt).

Short lamp life (1000 hrs).

Vibration & Voltage sensitive.

High heat output.

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High-Intensity Discharge

Utilize an internal arc tube and outer envelope

construction.

Require a ballast for operation.

All HID lamps require a warm-up period.

Require a cool-down period before re-striking.

Higher efficacy and longer service life.

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High-Intensity Discharge

Most common types :

Metal Halide (MH).

High Pressure Sodium Vapour (HPSV).

Mercury Vapour (MV).

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Compact Fluorescent Lamp

Filled with argon or argon-krypton gas and a smallamount of mercury. Coated on the inside withphosphors.

An electric discharge (current) is maintained betweenthe electrodes.

This current excites the mercury atoms, causing

them to emit invisible ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

This UV radiation is converted into visible light by thephosphors lining the tube.

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Compact Fluorescent Lamp

Advantages:

Efficient (75+ lumens/watt).

Long life (10,000 hours).

Low heat output.

Improved CRI.

Disadvantages:

Require a ballast.

Temperature sensitive .

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Required for operation of fluorescent lamps and

discharge lamps.

Provides initial arc to start the lamp. Regulates current during operation.

Two main types:

electromagnetic

electronic

Ballast

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CFL with an integrated ballast

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Fluorescent to LEDs

Fluorescent tube lights have been there for years andwould continue to be in use for some more years.

CFLs contain a very small amount of mercury sealedwithin the glass tubing - an average of 4 milligrams andmajor drawback is that mercury is non-biodegradable.

Fluorescent tube light also emit UV radiations.

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Light Emitting Diodes

Longer life (around 50,000 hours).

Consumes 50% less energy than a CFL.

LED bulbs contain no mercury.

Can withstands high voltage fluctuations.

.

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Key Product Features of LEDlights 1/2

No-emission of IR and UV rays, mercurygases.

Do not have ballasts thus, no interference.

Existing fixtures can be used.

Operates on universal input range.

Less maintenance.

LEDs wont contribute to heat build-up.

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Key Product Features of LEDlights 2/2

Instant light, dimmable.

Insects are not attracted.

Reduce Carbon Footprints at large scalemaking it viable to earn carbon credits.

Can withstand great amount of vibration,shock and temperature variations.

Rich and vibrant colours.

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LED to OLED

Both OLED and LED use the same principle ofelectroluminescence- the optical and electricalphenomenon where certain materials emit light inresponse to an electric current passing through it.

OLED

Lightweight.

Less power consumption.

Organic based chemicals.

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How It Works

Two substrate layers:

Emissive and conductive layer.

Cathode gives electrons to theemissive layer, Anode withdrawselectrons from the conductive layer.

Charges recombine.

Drop in energy levels emit light.

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TYPES

PASSIVE MATRIX ACTIVE MATRIX

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ORGANIC LED

Self-emitting and therefore require no backlight, further reducingthickness, weight and cost.

Viewing angle up to 160 degrees.

Expensive.

Sensitive to moisture.

AMOLED(active-matrix organic light-emitting diode) is a displaytechnology for use in mobile devices and televisions.

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Applications

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Applications

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Applications

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Comparison

IncandescentWatts CFL Watts LED Watts

Lumens(Brightness)

40 8 12 4 5 450

60 13 18 6 8 890

80 19 22 9 13 1210

100 23 30 14 19 1750

150 31 55 2128 2780

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Best Practices 1/3

Use of LED lamps in place of CFL.

Installation of high frequency (HF) electronic ballasts.

Use of high efficacy light sources.

Installation of energy efficient fluorescent lamps (T-5) inplace of conventional fluorescent lamps (T-12).

Solar Lighting Systems.

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Best Practices 2/3

Use of HPSV lamps.

Optimizing the installation height of lamp.

Use of efficient lighting controllers.

Use of mirror optic fluorescent lamps.

Use of efficient luminaires.

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Best Practices 3/3

Selective switching.

Utilization of daylight.

Luminaires of high space to height ratio.

Higher reflectance surfaces of the room.

Task oriented lighting.

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Solar Lighting Systems

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About 65 million people in Africa will gain access to safe andclean lighting using solar by 2015.

Solar Lanterns

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Light emitting diode (LED) has revolutionized solarenergy products.

Solar Home Lighting systems

SOLAR POWERED LED HOME LIGHT IN A HUT

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Solar Street Lighting

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Solar LED Streetlights

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Material used is highly reflective and the angles at which the tubeturns and rotates are kept such that maximum amount of lightgets transported with little or no loss along the way.

Light PipesDay Light

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Light PipesDay Light

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THE DOME : Made of crystal or

Plexiglas.

TUBE : The reflective layer is made

of silver and silicon oxides which

are fixed by chemical vapor

deposition in a vacuum.

DIFFUSER : Light pipe's diffuser is

of sodium-potassium glass or of

Plexiglas..

Anatomy of Light Pipes

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Light Pollution

It is unwanted or harmful light that performs no function ortask. Such as

Sky glow

Glare

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Negative Impact on Wildlife

Animals and plants live by a rhythmbased on a 24 hour cycle. Wildlife andfish can become disoriented by too

much artificial light at night.

It interferes with migration, mating,foraging for food, and sleep.

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Negative Impact on HumanHealth

Light trespass into bedroomsdisrupts sleep patterns.

Glare in the eyes can be blindingand reduces night vision.

Impacts biological clocks.

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Shielded Luminaires

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Recessed Lighting

Poor Good

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Comparison Cost of 50000 Hrs of Light

COST OF BULB COMPACT FLUROSCENT LAMP LIGHT EMITTING DIODE

LIFE OF BULB 10000 HRS 50000 HRS

NUMBER OF BULBS 5 1

X PRICE PER BULB (INR) 200 1000

= COST OF BULB FOR 50000 HRS OF LIGHT (INR) 1000 1000

COST OF ELECTRICITY COMPACT FLUROSCENT LAMP LIGHT EMITTING DIODE

TOTAL HRS 50000 50000

X WATTAGE 18 9

= TOTAL KWH CONSUMPTION 900 450

X PRICE OF ELECTRICITY PER KWH (CONSIDERED 3 RS/KWH) 3 3

= COST OF ELECTRICITY 2700 1350

LIFE CYCLE COST COMPACT FLUROSCENT LAMP LIGHT EMITTING DIODE

COST OF BULBS 800 (INT. COMP.) 1000

+ COST OF ELECTRICITY 2700 1350

= LIFE CYCLE COST 3500 2350

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT CFL CONTAINS MERCURY LED IS ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY

TOTAL KWH 900 450

X KG OF CO2 PER KWH ( SP COAL 0.6 KG/KWH ) 2.2 2.2

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CASE STUDY - NTPC SIPAT

USED SOURCE: CFL (50 NOS) WATTAGE 18

REPLACED: BY LED (SAME ILLUMINANCE) WATTAGE 9

LIFE CYCLE BENEFIT FOR 50000 HRS OFOPERATION

INR (3500 2350) 1150

NET SAVINGS FOR 50000 HRS OF OPERATION INR (1150 X 50) 57500

REDUCTION IN CO2 EMISSION KGS (990 X 50) 49.5 T

CCR STAGE 2 :

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CASE STUDY - NTPC SIPAT

Number of 18 watt CFL Used In NTPC Sipat = 10000

(Assumed).

Carbon dioxide savings in tons = 990 X 5000 =4950 tons

.

If replaced by 9 watt LED then savings for 50000 hrs ofoperation would be = 1,15,00,000 INR. = 1.15 Crores.

Number of 18 watt CFL Used In NTPC Sipat = 10000

(Assumed).

Carbon dioxide savings in tons = 990 X 10000 =9900 tons

.

If replaced by 9 watt LED then savings for 50000 hrs ofoperation would be = 1,15,00,000 INR. = 1.15 Crores.

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Thank You

OR

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