Payloads and Sensors Team

15-18 January 2002

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Rules of Engagement

We Are Time Constrained (35 Days Left in the Study) Focus on Military Utility—There is NO Business Case for MSP

This is NOT EELV—We Aren’t Competing for Business This is a Joint Warfighting System

This is Warfighting 101--Think Like a Warfighter (Dead Targets are the Product) What’s the Threat? What Effect Can I Create in Battle? This IS a Real Coercive Spacepower System

Take the Initiative to Get the Information We Need to Be Thorough Major Chris Kinnan: Cell is 719-200-3514 or Work at 719-554-5233.

Email is christopher.kinnan@peterson.af.mil

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20mm Cannon

Sidewinder AAM

Sidewinder AAM

Pilot

APG-65 Radar

Original F-16 Had a Limited Mission

Original F-16 was designed for an important, but limited role as an air-to-air fighter aircraft only

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F-16 Capabilities—Extended Significantly

New Capabilities Continue to be Developed...

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Military Spaceplane Priorities

Precision Strike Find Fix Track Target Engage Assess

Space Superiority ISR Enhancement Spacelift

• Predictive Battespace Awareness• Combat Identification • Precision Engagement-Maneuver• Combat Effectiveness Assessment

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Team Focus

MSP Priorities Are Precision Strike, Space Superiority, ISR Enhancement and Space Support—We Are a Combat System First

Threat Analysis Team

GSTF Space Requirements Based on DIA Threat Assessment of 2009-2010 Anti-access Threats

Military Utility Team

Apportionment of Specialized Sensors (e.g. HSI, MSI, EO, IR, UV etc.) and Payloads (e.g. CAV with LOCASS, Unitary Penetrator, etc.)

Assist ACC in Preparing a Comprehensive GSTF CONOPS

Survey Team

Given Operationally Responsive Spacelift . . . Develop a Comprehensive List of Industry, DoD and National Community Sensors and Payloads in 2007, 2012 and beyond

Determine When the Technologies Mature

Determine What Other Areas Must be Addressed if ORS and Responsive Sensors are Available (e.g. TPED, Bandwidth, Architecture, etc)

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Deliverables

Threat Team 2010 Threat Analysis RT2 and RT4 Scenario

Military Utility Team Propose Base, Enhanced and Execution Force Structure Combat Space Force Apportionment and Allocation Joint Fight Phasing

Survey Team Populated Matrix Questions That Must be Answered

MSP 2010

Generating and Executing Coercive Spacepower

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RLV Utility

National Security Sector Implements QDR “transformation” and Implements QDR “transformation” and

“space control” themes“space control” themes Space Commission objectives for RLV: Space Commission objectives for RLV:

short-notice call-up & lower costshort-notice call-up & lower cost Enables prompt global strike and ISR Enables prompt global strike and ISR

augmentation from spaceaugmentation from space Enables “launch on demand” to augment, Enables “launch on demand” to augment,

replenish, project, deploy and sustain replenish, project, deploy and sustain U.S. space force structureU.S. space force structure

Civil Sector--NASA Improves safety, reliability,

availability, and lower cost compared to Shuttle

Allows development paths for ISS crew rescue, other future missions

U.S. Commercial Space Sector Enhances international competitiveness Stimulates U.S. space industrial base Enables revolution in space business—

new markets, elastic demand Improves reliability, availability, flexibility

—keys to launcher selection Aligns mission planning lead time

with satellite manufacturing in <24 months

All Sectors Enables new approaches to satellite Enables new approaches to satellite

design and constellation managementdesign and constellation management On-orbit refueling could extend satellite On-orbit refueling could extend satellite

operating life, improve maneuverabilityoperating life, improve maneuverability Enables technology insertion during Enables technology insertion during

operating life of a satellite blockoperating life of a satellite block Reusable satellites could cost up to 2/3 Reusable satellites could cost up to 2/3

less* to build, insure, and operateless* to build, insure, and operate

* 1998 NSSA Launch on Demand Study

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2010 Assumptions

Anti-Access Political—Overflight and Troop Footprint Limitations; Restricted LOCs, SPODs

and APODs; Geographical Barriers; Limited Forward Operating Bases Military—WMD/WME, Long Range SAMS w/Enhanced IADS, Cruise Missiles,

Short to Intermediate Range Missiles

Space Limited Number of Quick Response Payloads—Available for Use on Second

Pass Political—Space Sanctuary Policy Restrictions, Consortia and Multi-national

Space Dependence Sensitivities Military—Proliferation of Commercial Ultra High Resolution Imagery, CNO,

Jammers, RFI Weapons, Laser Dazzlers and Limited Numbers of ASATs

Tasking, Processing, Exploitation and Dissemination Communications Infrastructure Exists to Provide Space and UAV Imagery to

AOCs and Cockpits Improved Data Fusion Capability

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2010 Joint Warfighting Challenges

Precision Strike Payloads Against: Anti-access Threats Enemy Air Defenses C2 Nodes Leadership Hard and Deeply Buried Targets (HDBT) WMD and WME Other Time critical targets

ISR Combat identification (Pre-, Trans-Hostilities, Emerging Threats) Predictive Battlespace awareness Battle Damage Assessment Cross Cueing of Space and Terrestrial Platforms and Sensors Combat Search and Rescue

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JWCA Precision Engagement Shortfalls

Responsiveness (Re) Tasking Processing (Fusion) Exploration Dissemination

Connectivity Need More

Networked Systems

ONA / IPB Sensor Capabilities

Combat Identification Adverse Weather Defeat

Countermeasures Predict/Maintain

Target Track Determine Effects Broad Area Search

Responsiveness Decision Process /

Time Weapons Tasking TTP

Connectivity Enhanced Joint C2 Networked

Operations Consistent Relevant

Operational Picture

Multi-Nation / Coalition Operations

Bandwidth Effects Assessment

Capabilities and Procedures

Responsiveness Cross Component

Coordination Mission Planning Flight Time

Connectivity Survivability Accuracy Non-Lethal

Capabilities Affordability

INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS BATTLE MANAGEMENT ATTACK EXECUTION

Source: DoD Precision Engagement Strategic Study

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ACC GSTF Requirements

Integrate MSP Into CAOC Tasking Cycle

Deliver Munitions 250 lb – 2000 lb GP Warheads CAV Guided Munitions Cluster Munitions Directed Energy

All Weather, Precision Attack Capable (GPS Independent/Dependent)

Precision Weapon CEP (<3 m)

PAYLOAD REQUIREMENTS

Integrate MSP Into CAOC Tasking Cycle

IMINT Combat Identification (NIIRS 4-6) Rapid Retarget/Restrike (NIIRS 6-7)

Continuous 24/7 Surveillance All Weather EO, IR, SAR, HIS, SIGINT, MASINT

SENSOR REQUIREMENTS

SIGINT

Multi-SpectralCamera

Syntetic Aperture Radar(SAR/MTI)

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Future Space Warfare

Space basing advantages Reduced crisis-reaction timelines -- Schriever 2001 results Situational awareness cueing and support Persistent presence Defeat anti-access threat – overflight advantage Enabler for operations

Enablers Responsive space access (Military Spaceplane) GMTI/AMTI (Space-Based Radar) Multi-phenomenology

Vigilance, Reach, and PowerVigilance, Reach, and Power

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Key Roles for MSP

Deterrence, Presence, Power Projection and Coercion

Space Superiority Theater Integration

Enhanced ISR for Full Spectrum Predictive Battlespace Awareness

Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses (SEAD) Rapid Strike -- Adversary Vital Interests Halt Phase Precision Strike for

Global Strike Task Force Enable and Support Combat

Search and Rescue Operations

Support Homeland Defense

Globally Integrated Air and Space Striking Power

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MSP Operational Tasks

Conduct Offensive and Defensive Counterspace Operations Radio Frequency and Microwave Systems Jamming

Deploy Systems for and Conduct Operations to Provide Space Situational Awareness Reachback and Covert Communications Tactical Reconnaissance Battle Management and Intercept (GMTI and AMTI) Immediate and Post-strike Battle Damage Assessment

Deliver Decisive Precision Firepower Covert and Non-nuclear strike (Immediate Response Option) Halt Phase Time Critical and Hardened Targets

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Generating Space Power

OPERATIONS• Space Superiority

• Full Force Theater C2

• Responsive ISR

• Global Strike Operations

• Satellite Constellation Reconstitution

ALERT ORDER• Generate Sorties, Conduct Mission Planning and Schedule ATO Sorties

• Pre-position Payloads and Protection Assets

• Deploy Payloads as Required

• Confirm OPCON and TACON

WARNING ORDER• Complete All MSP Maintenance

• Ready Quick-Launch and Strike Sorties

• Deploy Additional Payloads

• Recover and Replace Orbiting Systems as Required

•EXECUTION ORDER• Recover and Replace Orbiting Systems

• On-demand Augmentation

• Maintain Sortie Turn Rate to Meet ATO Commitments

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Strategic Space• Long duration, global mission• Responsiveness limited by fixed

orbits and strategic tasking• Limited ability to replenish• Limited data direct to theater• No upgrades

Crewed Aircraft• May require some air superiority• Significant forward support req’d• Somewhat limited coverage area• Highly responsive once deployed• Upgrade-able

• Forward support req’d• Limited area coverage• Highly responsive

once deployed• Upgrade-able

Area of Interest

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)

Base Force

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Area of Interest

Augmentation• Launched on need into tailored orbits• Mission-specific payloads (augment or replenish)• Direct tasking from theater (assured data receipt)• Upgrade-able until launched• Possibly recoverable or reusable

Enhanced and Execution Force

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Space Combat Power

SPACE MISSION AREA PRIORITIES

(CORE COMPETENCIES)

MILITARY SPACEPLANE PRIORITIES

PAYLOAD AND SENSOR CARRIED TO MEET

PRIORITIES

BASE FORCE (PEACE OPERATIONS THRU ALERT ORDER)

ENHANCED FORCE (ALERT ORDER THRU

WARNING ORDER)

EXECUTION FORCE (WARNING ORDER THRU

EXECUTION ORDER) Force Application Global Attack Precision Engagement Information Superiority

Precision Strike-Maneuver Precision Engagement

CAV Precision standard=accuracies <3m from designated mean point of impact

MSP: 1-2 Launch Ready Sorties/Base CAV: Containerized for immediate loading and launch

MSP: 2-3 Launch Ready Sorties/Base CAV: Containerized for immediate

loading Pre-deploy CAVs as Directed

MSP: 3-5 Launch Ready Sorties/Base CAV: Containerized for immediate

loading Pre-deploy CAVs as Directed Launch on Order (IAW ATO) Launch on Warning

Space Control Air and Space Superiority Precision Engagement Information Superiority

Defensive Counterspace Proximity Operations Refuel and Replenish IFR

Offensive Counterspace

WOLFPACK Mini-constellation of specialized

sensors Mini-constellation of specialized

payloads

Containerized for immediate loading and launch

Containerized for immediate loading

Pre-deploy as Directed

Containerized for immediate loading

Pre-deploy CAVs as Directed Launch on Order (IAW ATO) Launch on Warning

Force Enhancement Air and Space Superiority Information Superiority

Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance

Robust Communications Navigation

WOLFPACK/Boutique Sensors Mini-constellation of specialized

sensors IMINT—EO, IR, SAR, ISAR, UV ELINT SIGINT Other MASINT Laser Covert Communications LEO Communications GPS

National Systems Level (Persistent Presence)

Containerized for immediate loading and launch in Phase 1 of Conflict

Boutique Sensors containerized for RT2, RT4 and other known threat

UAV – Limited availability through Phase Three of conflict in high threat environment. Those available will likely be equipped with passive sensors. UAVs will be employed in greater numbers and with active sensors once the threat to them has been significantly reduced AIRBORNE (JSTARS, AWACS, Rivet Joint, Guardrail)—available only along the periphery in high threat environment. These will likely be employed in greater numbers and with active sensors once the threat to them has been significantly reduced

Space Support Information Superiority Focused Logistics

On-Orbit Support Operations Launch Operations Enhanced Tiered

Communications for Space-to-(space, ground and terrestrial sensors) and to enable Sensor-to-(shooter, analyst and decision maker)

Communications satellites and ground stations

Laser crosslink satellites

Standard support operations Deploy mobile TT&C capabilities

Standard support operations Deploy mobile TT&C capabilities Implement graceful degradation

protocols

Standard support operations Deploy mobile TT&C capabilities Implement graceful degradation

protocols

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Military Spaceplane Combat Operations

CONFLICT PHASE

TASK MSP TASKS TYPICAL GSTF TARGET SET

MSP TARGET SET TARGET PRIORITIES COMPLIMENTARY PBA PRIORITIES

Pre-Hostility Preemptive actions to mitigate

conflict May include pre-emptive strikes Intelligence preparation of the battlespace ISR and space control constellation enhancement

Pre-emptive strike—produce desired operational effects as required with CAVs armed with unitary penetrators, small diameter bombs, general purpose weapons, LOCASS, etc ISR and space control—augment current IMINT, SIGINT, COMINT and MASINT sensors and space control constellations—generate on orbit systems from base force to enhanced and execution force levels as required

Long range surface-to-air missiles (SAMs) IADS (command & control centers) Space control threats, Anti-access threats (WMD, ballistic and cruise missiles) and Red Force aircraft

Hard and deeply buried targets Key nodes of C2 network Storage facilities for conventional weapons and weapons of mass destruction Ready storage of ballistic and cruise missiles

C3I

National level leadership control nodes Corps/Division control nodes Brigade level nodes and less important higher/cable bunkers IADS Sector and Intercept Operations Centers and National Headquarters Early Warning, Ground Control Intercept and SAMs Space Control Threats WMD and missile launch and storage sites

HIGH THREAT ENVIRONMENT Space—Persistent Operations AMTI/GMTI IMINT—EO, IR, SAR, ISAR,

MSI, HSI, UV ELINT SIGINT MASINT UAV—Passive Collection Operations IMINT—EO, IR, MSI, HSI, UV ELINT SIGNIT MASINT AIRBORNE—Peripheral Operations Only AWACS JSTARS Guardrail Rivet Joint MC2A

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Navigation

Pre-Conflict GSTF Components

Communications

SurgeISR

Warning

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Military Spaceplane Combat Operations

CONFLICT PHASE

TASK MSP TASKS TYPICAL GSTF TARGET SET

MSP TARGET SET TARGET PRIORITIES COMPLIMENTARY PBA PRIORITIES

Halt Invasion Delay and if possible, halt hostile

activities Force adversary to culminate so that he is incapable of offensive action Intelligence preparation of the battlespace ISR and space control constellation enhancement

Strike—produce desired operational effects as required with CAVs armed with unitary penetrators, small diameter bombs, general purpose weapons, LOCASS, etc ISR and space control—augment and replenish current IMINT, SIGINT, COMINT and MASINT sensors and space control constellations—generate on orbit systems from enhanced force to execution force levels

Long range surface-to-air missiles (SAMs) IADS (command & control centers) Space control threats Anti-access threats (WMD, ballistic and cruise missiles) Lines of communication Advancing armor Military and Civil Infrastructure

Hard and deeply buried targets Key nodes of C2 network Storage facilities for conventional weapons and weapons of mass destruction Ready storage of ballistic and cruise missiles Military and Civil Infrastructure Large armor and troop concentrations

C3I National level leadership control nodes Corps/Division control nodes Brigade level nodes and less important higher/cable bunkers IADS Sector and Intercept Operations Centers and National Headquarters Early Warning, Ground Control Intercept and SAMs Space Control Threats WMD and missile launch and storage sites Underground aircraft and industrial facilities WMD production facilities POL production and storage Infrastructure Roads, railroad transloading areas, bridges and dams Energy and power generating systems

HIGH THREAT ENVIRONMENT Space—Persistent Operations AMTI/GMTI IMINT—EO, IR, SAR, ISAR,

MSI, HSI, UV ELINT SIGINT MASINT UAV—Passive Collection Operations IMINT—EO, IR, MSI, HSI, UV ELINT SIGNIT MASINT AIRBORNE—Peripheral Operations Only AWACS JSTARS Guardrail Rivet Joint MC2A

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Navigation

Conflict GSTF Components

Space Superiority

StrikeNavWar

Secure CommsSecure Comms

Precision Strike

Space/air/ground-launched CAVSpace/air/ground-launched CAV

ISR

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Military Spaceplane Combat Operations

CONFLICT PHASE

TASK MSP TASKS TYPICAL GSTF TARGET SET

MSP TARGET SET TARGET PRIORITIES COMPLIMENTARY PBA PRIORITIES

Blue Force Buildup Create conditions to buildup Blue

Force combat power Bring Red Force to the culmination point (no longer able to continue an offensive)

Strike—produce desired operational effects as required with CAVs armed with unitary penetrators, small diameter bombs, general purpose weapons, LOCASS, etc ISR and space control—augment and replenish current IMINT, SIGINT, COMINT and MASINT sensors and space control constellations maintain on orbit systems at execution force levels

IADS Ballistic and cruise missiles WMD and industrial systems and production centers Military and Civil Infrastructure Lines of communication Advancing armor and infantry

Hard and deeply buried targets Key nodes of C2 network Storage facilities for conventional weapons and weapons of mass destruction Ready storage of ballistic and cruise missiles Military and Civil Infrastructure Large armor and troop concentrations

C3I National level leadership control nodes Corps/Division control nodes Space Control Threats WMD and missile launch and storage sites Underground aircraft and industrial facilities WMD production facilities POL production and storage Naval storage facilities Hardened aircraft shelters

HIGH THREAT ENVIRONMENT Space—Persistent Operations AMTI/GMTI IMINT—EO, IR, SAR, ISAR,

MSI, HSI, UV ELINT SIGINT MASINT UAV—Passive and Active Collection Operations IMINT—EO, IR, MSI, HSI, UV,

SAR, ISAR ELINT SIGNIT MASINT AIRBORNE—Peripheral Operations Only AWACS JSTARS Guardrail Rivet Joint MC2A

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BDA GSTF Components

Rapid Force Reconstitution

ISR (BDA/PBA)

Full force C2

Reconstitution

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Sustained Operations

Full force C2

Strike

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Military Spaceplane Combat Operations

CONFLICT PHASE

TASK MSP TASKS TYPICAL GSTF TARGET SET

MSP TARGET SET TARGET PRIORITIES COMPLIMENTARY PBA PRIORITIES

Counterattack Establish Blue Force control over

entire area of operations Forcing Red Forces to retreat

Strike—produce desired operational effects as required with CAVs armed with unitary penetrators, small diameter bombs, general purpose weapons, LOCASS, etc ISR and space control—replenish current IMINT, SIGINT, COMINT and MASINT sensors and space control constellations—maintain on orbit systems at execution force levels

IADS Ballistic and cruise missiles WMD and industrial systems and production centers Military and Civil Infrastructure Lines of communication Advancing armor and infantry

Hard and deeply buried targets Key nodes of C2 network Storage facilities for conventional weapons and weapons of mass destruction Ready storage of ballistic and cruise missiles

C3I—National level leadership control nodes Space Control Threats WMD and missile launch and storage sites Underground aircraft and industrial facilities WMD production facilities POL production and storage

LOWER THREAT ENVIRONMENT UAV—Passive and Active Collection Operations IMINT—EO, IR, MSI, HSI, UV,

SAR, ISAR ELINT SIGNIT MASINT AIRBORNE—Peripheral Operations Only AWACS JSTARS Guardrail Rivet Joint MC2A Space—Persistent Operations AMTI/GMTI IMINT—EO, IR, SAR, ISAR,

MSI, HSI, UV ELINT SIGINT MASINT

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Military Spaceplane Combat Operations

CONFLICT PHASE

TASK MSP TASKS TYPICAL GSTF TARGET SET

MSP TARGET SET TARGET PRIORITIES COMPLIMENTARY PBA PRIORITIES

Post-Hostility Create conditions to maintain Blue

Force control Establish monitoring regime Create a better state of peace

ISR and space control—return to base force levels as required for IMINT, SIGINT, COMINT and MASINT sensors and space control constellations Provide operational support as required

Red Force compliance with treaty terms through coercive force

Enforce Red Force compliance with treaty terms through coercive spacepower

MONITOR

National level leadership activities Defense force buildup Space Control Threats IADS

Sector and Intercept Operations Centers Early Warning, Ground Control Intercept and SAMs

WMD and missile production, launch and storage sites

POL production and storage Naval storage facilities Humanitarian response Opportunistic activities of malevolent non-governmental organizations

PERMISSIVE ENVIRONMENT UAV—Passive and Active Collection Operations IMINT—EO, IR, MSI, HSI, UV,

SAR, ISAR ELINT SIGNIT MASINT Space—Persistent Operations AMTI/GMTI IMINT—EO, IR, SAR, ISAR,

MSI, HSI, UV ELINT SIGINT MASINT AIRBORNE—Peripheral Operations Only AWACS JSTARS Guardrail Rivet Joint MC2A