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Paulownia Intercropping Ghana Reforestation Pilot Project \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ 2010 Business Plan Version 1.0 4 December 2009

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Paulownia IntercroppingGhana Reforestation Pilot Project

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2010 Business Plan

Version 1.04 December 2009

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Table of Contents

Introduction 1

Pilot Summary 2 Paulownia Megafolia 3

Intercropping Model 5

Carbon Sequestration 8

Market Products 9

Operations Summary 10

Financial Forecast 11

Management Profile 12

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Introduction

Amidst the many responses to the Global Climate challenge, Reforestation Projects remain the most cost-effective approach to large-scale carbon sequestration and helps secure long-term social, economic and environmental stability. While much of the world is witnessing the emergence of renewable energy technologies that can decrease carbon emissions, advances in natural plant genetics have produced remarkable new species of fast-growing trees that can capture carbon dioxide at unprecedented rates.

Paulownia Intercropping Services (Ghana) is pleased to introduce these remarkable tree species in a scalable Plantation Model designed to sequester carbon dioxide, create green-collar jobs and produce quality market products within the Agroforestry sector in Ghana. Supported by international experts in agroforestry and phyto-remediation, this Pilot Project brings together innovative approaches and best practices that will set new standards for the sustainable management of natural resources across Africa.

The Paulownia Reforestation Pilot will demonstrate the real-world market value of reforestation and carbon sequestration efforts by combining both activities into a single, sustainable model. This Pilot will serve to establish a methodology for the rapid expansion of future projects and model the economic structures required by supporting financial institutions, government partners and international agencies.

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Location of 300-acre Pilot Project near Akwidaa, Cape Three Points, Ghana

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Reforestation Pilot Summary Ghana, West Africa

The initial Reforestation Pilot is planned on 300 acres in Ghana, West Africa and will serve as both a root stock nursery to supply seedlings to future projects and a stand-alone Plantation to provide mature trees to the market for processing. This approach permits the planting of a higher number of initial seedlings which are then thinned out each year to create room for the rapid growth of the permanent trees intended for the market.

Pilot Location: Akwidaa, Ghana, West Africa

Project Area: 300 acres, 121 hectares

Seedlings: 400,000 Seedlings planted in close proximity during the first year

Nursery: 200,000 young trees replanted at secondary Plantation Project

Permanents: 200,000 trees remaining with required room to grow to maturity

Maturity: 8 to 10 years, depending upon the final end-use

Board Feet: 10,000,000 board feet (average 50 board feet of sawn lumber per tree)

Market Value: USD $20,000,000 (using conservative $2.00/board foot lumber price)

Carbon Credits: USD $3,075,000 (EUR 2,080,000 using EUR 2/ton of CO2 sequestered)

Debt Capital: USD $6,500,000 (at $15/seedling + $500,000 for operational equipment)

Total Revenues: USD $23,075,000 (Market Sales + Carbon Credits)

Total Expenses: USD $3,000,000 (10 years x $300,000 annual operations budget)

Net Profitability: USD $13,575,000 (EBITDA)

NOTE: The 200,000 young trees replanted at a secondary Plantation Project enable the start of a new project without requiring debt capital up-front. This unique approach is intended to accelerate larger projects which, in turn, can seed new projects within their first operational year. This represents a sustainable mechanism for ongoing reforestation capitalization without placing the entire burden on regional lending institutions or government partners.

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Paulownia Megafolia Growth Profile

The Paulownia Megafolia Tree is a specific cross-polination of five other trees, creating a very fast growing hardwood tree that will grow in even the most inhospitable environment. Furthermore, it has been successfully used for phytoremediation (bioremediation), removing pollutants from the ground at contaminated sites and as a byproduct of the photosynthesis process, converting the polutants to harmless oxygen and other inert products.

Paulownia Megafolia can be harvested in as little as two years, for biomass fuel, making it ideal for reforestation. It grows to it's mature height of 55 to 65 feet in only six to seven years, with the first limbs beginning at 35 feet, thus producing excellent, knot-free lumber. With irrigation, it grows equally well in arid or humid environments and at sea level or elevations to over 3000 feet. It also replenishes itself, since a new tree will grow from the stump after the adult tree is harvested. An additional advantage, is that due to its high level of photosynthesis, the Megafolia Tree will reduce global warming to a much greater degree than other species due to the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed during it’s rapid growth.

Exceptional Growth Rate: 2 year Height up to 32 feet 2 year Diameter 6-10 inches

7 year Height up to 60 feet 7 year Diameter 22-28 inches

Knot Free: Average height of up to 35 feet to first limb at 7 years

Reforestation: New tree grows from stump of harvested tree.

Bioremediation: Removes and converts many pollutants from the ground

Flash Point: 477°F

Specific Gravity: 0.28 - 0.30

Moisture content: 10-12%

Cellulose Content: 46-49%

Hemicellulose Pentozan: 22-25%

Lignin: 21-23%

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Paulownia Megafolia

Growth Profile

The Paulownia Megafolia Tree is a specific cross-polination of five other trees, creating a very fast growing hardwood tree that will grow in even the most inhospitable environment.! Furthermore, it has been successfully used for phytoremediation (bioremediation), removing pollutants from the ground at contaminated sites and as a byproduct of the photosynthesis process, converting the polutants to harmless oxygen and other inert products.

Paulownia Megafolia can be harvested in as little as two years, for biomass fuel, making it ideal for reforestation.! It grows to it's mature height of 55 to 65 feet in only six to seven years, with the first limbs beginning at 35 feet, thus producing excellent, knot-free lumber.! With irrigation, it grows equally well in arid or humid environments and at sea level or elevations to over 3000 feet.! It also replenishes itself, since a new tree will grow from the stump after the adult tree is harvested.! An additional advantage, is that due to its high level of photosynthesis, the Megafolia Tree will reduce global warming to a much greater degree than other species due to the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed during it’s rapid growth.

Exceptional Growth Rate: " 2 year Height up to 32 feet" " " " 2 year Diameter 6-10 inches

" " " " 7 year Height up to 60 feet" " " " 7 year Diameter 22-28 inches

Knot Free:" " " Average height of up to 35 feet" " " " to first limb at 7 years

Reforestation:" " New tree grows from stump " " " " of harvested tree

Bioremediation:" " Removes and converts many " " " " pollutants from the ground

Flash Point:" " " 477°F

Specific Gravity: # # 0.28 - 0.30

Moisture content:# # 10-12%

Cellulose Content:# # 46-49%

Hemicellulose Pentozan:# 22-25%

Lignin: ## # # 21-23%

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Paulownia Megafolia

Growth Profile

The Paulownia Megafolia Tree is a specific cross-polination of five other trees, creating a very fast growing hardwood tree that will grow in even the most inhospitable environment.! Furthermore, it has been successfully used for phytoremediation (bioremediation), removing pollutants from the ground at contaminated sites and as a byproduct of the photosynthesis process, converting the polutants to harmless oxygen and other inert products.

Paulownia Megafolia can be harvested in as little as two years, for biomass fuel, making it ideal for reforestation.! It grows to it's mature height of 55 to 65 feet in only six to seven years, with the first limbs beginning at 35 feet, thus producing excellent, knot-free lumber.! With irrigation, it grows equally well in arid or humid environments and at sea level or elevations to over 3000 feet.! It also replenishes itself, since a new tree will grow from the stump after the adult tree is harvested.! An additional advantage, is that due to its high level of photosynthesis, the Megafolia Tree will reduce global warming to a much greater degree than other species due to the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed during it’s rapid growth.

Exceptional Growth Rate: " 2 year Height up to 32 feet" " " " 2 year Diameter 6-10 inches

" " " " 7 year Height up to 60 feet" " " " 7 year Diameter 22-28 inches

Knot Free:" " " Average height of up to 35 feet" " " " to first limb at 7 years

Reforestation:" " New tree grows from stump " " " " of harvested tree

Bioremediation:" " Removes and converts many " " " " pollutants from the ground

Flash Point:" " " 477°F

Specific Gravity: # # 0.28 - 0.30

Moisture content:# # 10-12%

Cellulose Content:# # 46-49%

Hemicellulose Pentozan:# 22-25%

Lignin: ## # # 21-23%

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Paulownia MegafoliaVisual Growth Gallery

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Paulownia Megafolia

Visual Growth Gallery

Visual Growth Gallery

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Top left: Seedlings at 6 weeks.

Top right: Growth at 6 months.

Bottom left: Diameter at 4 years.

Bottom right: Mature tree at 8 years.

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Paulownia IntercroppingSustainable Utilization of Natural Resources

In many Third World countries, the depletion of native forests coupled with the increased demand for timber and fuel is creating serious environmental, economic and social problems. One strategy that deals with this situation is to encourage rural people to integrate beneficial tree species within their existing farming systems. 

In China, 11 species of Paulownia have been used with great success in agroforestry programs. Some two million hectares of farmland have been planted with Paulownia, helping to alleviate the chronic shortage of timber, fuelwood, and animal fodder, and at the same time increasing agricultural production and improving soil conservation. The lessons learned concerning the successful use of Paulownia in China can benefit many other countries facing similar problems of competing priorities between agriculture and wood production. 

Over the years, China has become a global leader in agroforestry research. Scientists at the Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF) have been studying Paulownia since 1959, and have developed and distributed several improved varieties to farmers and organizations in China and in other countries. Building on this body of proven research, The Pacific Tree Company (USA) has focused on the development of new hybrid species that possess specific characteristics for fast-growth and carbon sequestration that are also well-suited for Intercropping practices.

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Intercropping with Wheat Crops between rows of Paulownia trees in China to

better utilize available agricultural land.

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Paulownia Benefits: 

• They are adaptable. They grow on flat or mountainous land, in various types of soil, including rich humus soil in temperate areas, dry poor soil, rich forest soil, and light clay soil in the subtropics, laterite soil in the tropics, and dry steppes. In general, Paulownia is suitable for planting in deep soil that is loose, well-aerated, and fed by underground water at a level below two metres;

• Paulownia also adapts to a variety of climates, from warm and temperate to tropical, and can even withstand temperatures as low as -20° C (different species vary in their resistance to the cold). The mean annual temperature for Paulownia is 13-25° C. Precipitation needs also vary greatly, from as low as 500 mm to a maximum of 2,000 or 3,000 mm annually;

• They grow extremely quickly (average growth of 2m per year in height and 4-5 cm around);

• They have a deep root system that do not compete with the roots of other food crops;• Their branches and leaves are sparse, allowing plenty of light to come through;• Intercropping with Paulownia can improve the microclimate by reducing the effects of

drying winds (wind speed can be reduced by 20-50% on average) and increasing air moisture, which considerably increases yields of some crops such as winter wheat and millet (provided that suitable crop density is maintained);

• Paulownia produces a beautiful, light wood, which is useful for furniture, plywood, musical instruments, and handicrafts; its sale can considerably increase the income of rural people;

• Its branches can be used for fuelwood (a 10-year-old tree produces up to 100 kg of dry branches);

• The leaves are rich in protein (16.2%), carbohydrates (9.44%), and minerals, making them ideal for animal fodder and green fertilizer (a 10-year-old tree produces up to 80 kg of dry leaves per year);

• The leaves, flowers, and bark have medicinal properties. 

Intercropping Practices

If the trees are used primarily to improve agricultural production, approximately 40 to 67 trees are planted per hectare. Intercropping with Paulownia will increase yields of wheat, corn, cotton, and millet. Additional crops that have proven successful include strawberries, beets, cantaloupes and coffee. If 50 trees are planted per hectare, they will produce 20-30 cubic metres of timber per hectare in 10 years, a source of important extra income to farmers. 

Paulownia trees can also be planted primarily for timber production, with crops as a secondary activity. In such case, 200 trees are planted per hectare. An initial yield of two crops per year is reduced after four years to one crop per year, but can still amount to some 37.5 tonnes per hectare over 10 years. From 90 to 110 cubic metres of timber per hectare can be produced after 10 years under this model.

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Considerations

Successful Intercropping requires access to seedlings or root cuttings of appropriate Paulownia species for local conditions, as well as training in planting and managing the trees and intercropping techniques. The Pacific Tree Company can provide training courses for farmers, researchers, technicians, and extension workers as well as soil assessments for project planning.

Broader Impact

Farmers around the world can benefit greatly from intercropping with Paulownia, especially in areas with timber, fuelwood, and fodder shortages. Paulownia seeds have been introduced in more than 30 countries in Africa, the Americas, Asia, Australia, and Europe. Considerable success has been achieved in Australia, India, and Pakistan. 

Of particular importance is the diversification of income streams that comes with intercropping trees with existing food crops. This not only increases the annual revenues for farmers, but it can spread that revenue out over different growing seasons to provide critical income during traditional seasonal gaps.

The establishment of Paulownia Nurseries across Africa would provide a long-term, local source of seedlings and root-cuttings for a broad wave of reforestation projects that would produce sustainable timber products, valuable food and forage crops and help reduce global warming through the natural carbon sequestration process inherent in fast-growing Paulownia trees.

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Intercropping Paulownia tress in between rows of Corn Crops in Panama.

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Carbon Sequestration Capacity Paulownia Megafolia

The Paulownia tree is an excellent source of Cellulosic Ethanol, Wood Veneer, Structural Lumber and other value-added products. The primary characteristic of this tree is it’s rapid growth which provides a consistent, predictable mechanism for carbon sequestration.

A review of research findings for Paulownia trees concludes that this measurable form of carbon capture qualifies for at least one of the emerging types of Carbon Reduction Certificates, namely the Verified Emission Reductions (VERs) for voluntary markets, with an expected market value of 2 EUR per ton of sequestered carbon.

Summary of Data:

680 trees can be planted on 1 acre, or 1,680 trees per hectare.

Sequestration rates are projected over the first 10 years of growth only.

Annual CO2 capture per hectare ranges from 60 tons (year 1) to 2300 tons (year 10)

Cumulative CO2 capture per hectare averages 8,750 tons over 10 years.

Carbon Credits per hectare are projected at 17,500 EUR over first 10 years.

Plantation Area Calculations:

1 Paulownia Tree = 5.2 tons of CO2 sequestered over 10 years = 10.4 EUR revenues

1,000 hectares = 8,750,000 tons of CO2 sequestered = 17,500,000 EUR revenues

5,000 hectares = 43,750,000 tons of CO2 sequestered = 87,500,000 EUR revenues 20,000 hectares = 175,000,000 tons of CO2 sequestered = 350,000,000 EUR revenues

The Paulownia Megafolia, developed by the Pacific Tree Company, has shown an increase in annual growth rates compared to other Paulownia species and represents an increased capacity for carbon sequestration using optimum farming practices.. The data represents average growth rates for standard Paulownia trees and is considered ‘conservative’ for project planning purposes.

The planting of improved Paulownia Megafolia Seedlings is expected to accelerate growth and increase the carbon sequestration capacity of each hectare by 15% to 20% with a correlating increase in market revenues from the sale of the VERs. Additional revenues beyond the first 10 years will require continuing analysis of growth rates through plantation maturity.

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Market Products Qualified Revenue Streams

The Paulownia tree is an excellent source of Wood Veneer, Structural Lumber, Cellulosic Ethanol and other value-added products. The primary characteristic of this tree is it’s rapid growth which provides a consistent, predictable mechanism for carbon sequestration. Revenue streams will need to be carefully evaluated as trees are reaching maturity to ensure the most valuable and highest end-use is selected to maximize profitability.

Wood Veneer Products

Considered to be the highest end-use value, mature trees are rough-cut into lumber which is then sawn into thin strips of wood veneer that can be used for value-added products such as furniture, specialty wood products and highly finished craft products. Because of the additional processing involved in making the veneer, the value remains high due to the desirable finish and quality it imparts to final products. Rough-cut trimmings that are usually wasted in the veneer process can be subsequently used for Cellulosic Ethanol described below.

Structural Lumber Products

Also a valuable end-use, mature trees are rough-cut into lumber and sold at lower market prices compared to veneer, but require less processing. Uses can range from structural lumber for posts and frames to solid-wood furniture products. The value of this end-use may vary depending upon both the global and regional supply and demand for Paulownia lumber and the associated shipping costs into those markets.

Cellulosic Ethanol

A relatively new end-use, mature trees are chipped into biomass and then converted by either an enzyme or thermal process into ethanol which can be sold into the market as a fuel source. This end-use will require careful examination of the market prices for ethanol which must include the capital costs of building a Biomass Conversion Plant. Paulownia has a lower BTU density than other sources of Cellulosic Ethanol more common in the USA and Europe, which may decrease it’s value compared to other end-uses.

Carbon Credits

Based upon the definitive study by South Pole Engineering, Paulownia qualifies for certain types of Emissions Reduction Certificates that can add additional revenue to an already profitable project. The challenge is that the Carbon Market is still emerging in many regions and an International Standard has not yet been permanently defined. Constant attention will be needed to make sure we select the most valuable form of credits available at different growth stages of a 10-year project.

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Operations SummaryPilot Equipment and Expenses

The Pilot Project will require upfront capitalization in order to establish the initial Plantation that will serve as both a nursery and the first permanent plantation. The following tables identify the initial operating expenses required for the build-out of the plantation as well as the ongoing monthly expenses associated with operations and maintenance.

Initial Plantation Expenses: $5,215,000

Item: Project Use: Qty: Cost:

Paulownia Seedlings Seedlings to establish Plantation stock 400,000 $4,800,000

Kubota Tractor Tractor and attachments for on-site work 1 $60.000

KIA Pick-up Truck Truck for off-site cargo transportation 1 $40,000

Agricultural Toolkit Power and hand tools for maintenance 1 $15,000

Development Costs Professional Build-out of Plantation 1 $300,000

Pauwlonia seedlings will be purchased directly from supporting partners at a wholesale price ($12 per seedling) which is roughly 30% below current retail pricing for seedlings. The tractor, truck and toolkit will be sourced locally within Ghana and the Development Costs will include training of maintenance personnel and the establishment of project management tools.

Ongoing Plantation Expenses: $240,000 Annually

Expense: Description: Monthly: Annually:

Land Lease 300-acres land lease in Akwidaa $5,000 $60,000

Local Labor Local Maintenance Personnel $4,000 $48,000

Fuel/Supplies Fuel for tractor/truck and monthly supplies $1,000 $12,000

Management Fees Monthly Management of Operations $10,000 $120,000

Land is currently available for lease at $2,000 per acre, which includes compensation for existing crops that are planted on this land and provide regular income for the land-owners. The lease payments are structured over a 10 year period ($60,000 per year x 10 years) and paid in monthly installments of $5,000.

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Financial SummaryOperating Pilot Scenario

The following table summarizes the Financial Operations for the 300-acre Pilot Project over a 10-year period with an initial $6,500,000 loan commitment to establish the Plantation Project. Actual budget allocations may be revised subject to loan commitment terms and obligations.

Financial Forecast: $6,500,000 Project Budget

Project Year Expenses Revenues Balance

Initial Expenses: $5,215,000Initial Expenses: $5,215,000 Starting Balance: $1,285,000Starting Balance: $1,285,000

2010 $240,000 - - $1,045,000

2011 $240,000 - - $805,000

2012 $240,000 - - $565,000

2013 $240,000 - - $325,000

2014 $240,000 - - $85,000

2015 $240,000 VERs $1,015,000 $860,000

2016 $240,000 - - $620,000

2017 $240,000 - - $380,000

2018 $240,000 - - $140,000

2019 $240,000 VERs $2,060,000 $1,960,000

2020 $240,000 Lumber $20,000,000 $21,720,000

Annual operating expenses are expected to remain constant at $240,000 with revenues from carbon credits (VERs) recovered after years 5 and 9 respectively. VERs after year 5 are calculated at 1/3 ($1,015,000) of the total ($3,075,000) VERs available over the 10-year project cycle. Final cut lumber sales are calculated at a conservative $2/board foot, with current market prices reaching up to $10/board foot in the export marketplace.

This forecast does NOT include loan interest or principal payments that would be defined by the financial partners involved with the project. While annual revenue streams are limited during the 10-year project cycle to intermittent VERs, the total resulting profitability is more than sufficient to retire a variety of principal and interest structures.

A more detailed and formal Profit & Loss Statement will be provided once these lending parameters and variables are defined.

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Management Profile Experience and Expertise

Paulownia Intercropping Services (Ghana) has partnered with the Pacific Tree Company (USA) to apply advanced methods in Agroforestry Science to the creation of scalable Plantation Models to meet social, economic and environmental needs within West Africa. Together, these partners represent over 90 years of collective experience and expertise related to public/private partnerships and complex international projects.

Pat Anfinson : : Founder and Chairman, Paulownia Intercropping Services

Pat Anfinson has made a career in international business development and consulting, and has served as Principal, CEO, President and Director for both public and private companies. Pat has directed several humanitarian and sustainable development programs, including a $500M development effort in the Marshall Islands in coordination with the U.S. State Department. In the mining industry, Pat introduced the HABER process in Ghana that led to the creation of the government’s STAMP program (Strategic Abatement of Mercury and Poverty) that helped eliminate the use of dangerous chemicals in small-scale mining operators. Pat is leading Paulownia Intercropping Services’ efforts in Africa and continues to leverages his vast government and commercial relationships to build consensus around sustainable strategies.

Dennis Beeson : : President, Pacific Tree Company

Denny Beeson is a farmer, researcher and agronomist specializing in tree propagation and management. He is world renowned for his research and growing agro-forestry for the past 20+ years. During this time, he developed a hybrid of the Paulownia Fortunei, the Megafolia- the world’s fastest growing tree. The Megafolia or “Baby Huey II”—grew in excess of 31 feet in seven months and he grew one variety to a height of 35 feet in one year. This data has been submitted to the Guinness Book of World Records. These trees are the result of the Mendalian process of genetic selection over the course of many years (growing seasons) cultivating more successful trees and crossing them for desired traits.

Mr. Beeson developed a master plan for a Eucalyptus plantation of approximately 300,000 acres in Cochabamba, Bolivia & Brazil, co-Established Bio-National Corporation to research and manufacture soil remediation and ultra-violet/ozone water treatment systems to eliminate ground water contaminants, researched Eucalyptus for firewood purposes and discovered the fast- growing white gum species now used for paper pulp.

Mr. Beeson established the Pacific Tree Company as a resource (nursery) and management company to establish agro-forestry plantations. He collected Paulownia tree seeds from sites in China, crossed those trees with grown out root cuttings from Australia (Paulownia Fortunei, Select #2) to establish the fastest growing high quality hardwood on the planet (Paulownia Fortunei Megafolia). Pacific Tree operates satellite nurseries in several locations in California, Arizona, New Mexico, Florida and North Carolina. Planned facilities with research plots include the USA, Turkey, Brazil, Bolivia, Philippines, China, Taiwan, Israel, Mexico, Costa Rica, Fiji Islands, Tunisia and Thailand. Additionally, Denny serves as primary consultant to the government of the Philippines to establish a one half million acre Paulownia tree plantation.

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Glenn Stinebaugh : : Global Market Development

Glenn Stinebaugh has over 25 years of industry experience in the disciplines of Executive Management, Strategic Planning (including joint ventures and strategic partnerships), Tactical/ Marketing Plan development and implementation, Economic Development, Marketing, Research and Analysis, Project Management, and Cultural Program Development. Additionally, he has a successful consulting background in executive management, market development and market penetration/expansion (domestic and off-shore), team building, manufacturing, sourcing (domestic and off-shore) and marketing in a variety of vertical industries including, technologies, consumer packaged goods (CPG), textile/apparel, sustainable/environmental/green/organic marketing, renewable energy technologies, retail and specialty operations, foods/beverages, agri-business, Information Technology, media and entertainment, product placement and integration.

Mr. Stinebaugh has built management teams, executed Board-level strategies, performed research/analysis and developed strategic and tactical marketing plans for a number of global organizations in their efforts to expand market share or penetrate new markets, both domestically and offshore. Mr. Stinebaugh has also lead numerous trade missions from South America to the U.S. while planning and implementing various U.S. State Missions abroad, including several economic development and trade missions to Australia and SE Asia.

Dr. James A. Stottlemyre, Ph.D. : : GeoScience & Environmental Engineer

James Stottlemyre received his Undergraduate Degree in Physics, his Masters Degree in Geophysics and his PhD in Geophysics from the University of Washington. He has been a Financial Advisor with Merrill Lynch, an independent consultant for energy, water and environmental projects and spent over twenty-six years in leadership positions with the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE).

During his years with PNNL, Dr. Stottlemyre was Senior Manager for safeguarding weapon-grade nuclear materials in Russia; the Associate Director for Environmental and Health Division of PNNL; the Team Leader for the USDOE Global Climate Change program; National Team Leader for the Department of Energy’s strategic planning task force designing a 10-year environmental and health sciences research agenda; Manager of National Arid Site Integrated Demonstration Program -- a DOE program to identify, develop and demonstrate environmental remediation and point-of-source energy technologies for arid and semi-arid conditions; Director of the National Environmental and Health Sciences Research Center; Director of Scientific Support for the National Energy Research Advisory Board (ERAB) reporting directly to the Secretary of Energy. ERAB was composed of 26 Senior Executives from industry and academia conducting studies for DOE; Deputy Director of PNNL’s Earth and Environmental Sciences Center managing over 400 scientists, engineers and support personnel; and Manager for PNNL’s Geosciences Department.

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