Patton-InalpVoIP and VDSL Deployment

SN4114 SN4524

IP/WAN

Agenda

VoIP TechnologyTechnical Terms / What is VoIP?

CODEC’s / Media and Signaling Standards

IP and Quality of Service

VoIP Carrier ApplicationsThe Provider Market and Application Segmentation

Reference NetworksVDSL Deployment

Reach Bandwidth

Network Scenarios

A few Product SlidesVoIP Product Overview

VDSL Products

G.SHDSL Product Line

What is VoIP…the technology

IP NetworkInternet

VoIPGateway

Analog orDigital voicecircuit

VoIPGatewayIP Packets with Voice Samples

Analog orDigital voicecircuit

Some general notes …VoIP is a widely standardized and well understood technology available for more than 10 years.

The quality of VoIP depends on the compression method (CODEC) and the network conditions.

It ranges from ISDN toll quality to Cell Phone (or worse)

VoIP is past the technology hype today

VoIP is now widely interoperable (still, be aware…)

VoIP Technology: Media Standards

G.711

G.726

G.729

G.723 @ 6.3

GSM-EFR

Comments

Toll quality, full rate, lowest delay

Free: good compromise

Licensed: good compromise

Licensed: min. bandwidth

For Reference: mobile phones

CodecCodecRate[kb/s]

64

16 - 40

8

6.3

12.2

IP BW/Callone way[kb/s]

96

32 - 56

24

17

-

Use G.711 if no bandwidth limitations applyToll QualityLow Delay

Recommend G.726 for good bandwidth-quality ratio!High QualityPOS support

PacketLength[ms]

10/20

20

20

30

Various CODECs are used for voice compression:

Fax over IP: watch out for this

2) Fax Relay, T.38

IP

A/D D/A

Fax Bypass, T.30 Fax over G.711, 96Kb

Fax-Relay, T.38 packets

1) Fax Bypass, G.711

T.30 Fax T.30 Fax

The Fax tones are terminated in the gateway, relayed in packet form and re-modulated at the far end.+ Uses less bandwidth+ Is reliability(offers redundancy)- Is less interoperable

The Fax is carried in a G.711 voice channel just like a regular phone call.

+ Is interoperability with any gateway- Uses more bandwidth- Is less reliability

Signalling Standards Snapshot

Signaling protocols defines how VoIP equipment communicate toset-up and release telephone calls over IP networks.For example – Ring, Talk and Hang-up.

H.323The first multimedia over IP protocolPeer-to-peer, defined by the ITU, current Version is v4Offers high interoperability between 3rd party equipmentSupported in SmartNode since 1999

SIPThe newest of the VoIP call control protocolsPeer-to-peer, defined by IETF, looks like html, most extendableSupported in SmartNode since 2003

MGCPMaster-Slave protocol for centralized Softswitch Carrier architecturesVarious forms NCS (Cable), H.248, MegacoMGCP/IUA is supported in SmartNode for BRI Interfaces since 2000

Telephony Terms

THESE YOU HAVE TO KNOW!BRI, S0, S/T 2 B + 1 D channel > 2 voice connections

E1, PRI, S2m 30 B + 1 D channel > 30 voice connections

T1, PRI 23 B + 1 D channel > 23 voice connections

FXS “phone jack”, 2-wire POTS interface

FXO “line jack”, 2-wire POTS interface

Switch

NTBRI/PRI

TE

FXO

2-wires

4-wires4-wires

FXS

2-wires

Switch

FXSFXO

IP

ISDN

POTS

TEIP

NT

VoIP Technology and QoS

IP and Quality of Service (QoS)

DownStreamQoS

WAN and Access: the network bottleneck

Access LinkLAN

BackboneGigE, SDH

10/100/1000 Mbit/s 155/622/1000 Mbit/s~100 kbit/s - ~1Mbit/s

• In the LAN QoS Issues can be solved with a clean structure an overprovisioning

• In the Access and WAN Bandwidt is expensive and must be used optimally

QoS and VoIP: Where’s the Problem

Jitter and Delay caused by best effort queues

WAN LinkLAN

VoIP

Daten

LinkBandwidth

Trm delay1500 byte Packet

64 kbps 187 ms128 kbps 93 ms256 kbps 46 ms512 kbps 23 ms768 kbps 15 ms1536 kbps 7.5 ms

QoS and VoIP: What's the Problem (1)

End-to-end delay should be kept bellow 200ms

Delay components arePacketization delay, Tranmission delay 1 and 2, Buffering delays

Jitter compensation is a major contribution to end-to-end delay.

QoS and VoIP: What's the Problem (2)

Packet Loss through Queue overflow

Access LinkLAN Backbone

• All network equipment has limited queues

• Data traffic (TCP) will always try to get maximum throughput

• Queues should be short for real-time (voice) traffic

• Packet loss is NOT critical for Data (TCP) traffic

Example Measurement with one VoIP call and a FTP download over a best-effort 500k Link.

QoS und VoIP: What’s the Problem (3)

About 25% of the voice packets are lost at the access to the Bottleneck!

Classifier

SchedulerSchedulerMM

Marker

MM

MM

Meter

CC

ConditionerPolicer Queue with Queue-Algorithm

SchedulerScheduler

SchedulerScheduler

.

.

CC

CC

.

...

.

.

The QoS Chain in a Network Node

Building Blocks for QoS (1)

Building Blocks for QoS (2)

A Shaper can limit a Traffic Class to a defined bandwidth

Frees Bandwidth for real-time (voice) traffic without packet loss

Improves the Performance of interactive Applications

Very usefull for short connections e.g Web requests

WWW SH

For Example: Traffic Shaping

max

Data BurstWeb-Page

voice

unused

Data BurstWeb-Page

voice

unused

Data BurstWeb-Page

max

t t

Bandwidth Bandwidth

Classification

Tagging

Conditioning

TOS

3 Types,4 Precedence

1 Byte (3 + 5) in IP Header

Behavior partially defined

Supported by most equipment but not widely used

DiffServ

Max. 64 Classes, some predefined

1 Byte in IP Header(replaces TOS)

2 Per-Hop-Behaviors defined(EF, AF)

Supported by equipment but not widely used

RSVP

By Application

None(IPv4 Addr, Port)

Requested by Application(TSpec)

Rarely used

MPLS

OpenAdministrator

Using L2 Header or Additional (Shim)-Label

Traffic Engineering

In deployment in backbone networks

802.1p/Q

8 Priority-Classes

3 Bit in Ethernet Header

Fix Priority

Used more and more in LAN’s

Market-Penetration

QoS Standards

DownStreamQoS™

• Where is the Problem• Solution• How does it Work• FAQ

Problem

• The Internet and many large IP networks only support best effort packet forwarding.

• There is no differentiation between time critical IP packets such as VoIP and other traffic such as web pages mail etc.

• If an overload situation occurs (at the network bottleneck) VoIP and other packets are discarded with the same probability.

• This leads to a degradation in voice quality while other traffic is simply retransmitted and the user just experiences a slow-down

Access LinkInternet

WebServer

VoIPEdge RouterCPE

Solution

• The network bottleneck is in most cases the subscriber access line DSL, Cable etc of ~< 2 Mb/s

• Both LANs (10/100 Ethernet) and Backbone Networks (Fibre, SDH or ATM) are much Faster

• In case of congestion packets are discarded at the Edge router of the Internet access provider (see previous slide)

• SmartNode DownStreamQoS™ introduces a dynamic virtual bottleneck at the customer premises that starts to discard non-realtime traffic before it starts to block the voice traffic in the edge router

“Virtual Bottleneck”

Internet

WebServer

VoIPEdge Router

How Does it Work

• Most Data traffic (~80%) is sent using the TCP protocol.

• TCP continuously increases the used bandwidth (slow-start) until the maximum throughput is reached and packets are dropped (not acknowledged by remote end)

• A separate queue for TCP makes it possible to delay and if required discard traffic before the access link is full

• The traffic management (scheduler) for this queue is adapted dynamically based on the bandwidth required for voice calls

The integration of QoS Router and VoIP Gateway makes things much easier

• Traffic Classes are defined at network interfaces

• No tagging necessary for point-to-point links

• Optimal bandwidth usage and control

LAN LANWAN LinkQ

GW

QGW

Classification

ConditioningMarking

Smart combination of QoS and VoIP

VoIP Provider Applications

Multiservice Broadband Access

Market Segmentation

Applications

Reference Deplyoments

Applications in the Provider Market

Multi-Service Broadband AccessBind Customers through Service Differentiation

Bind Customers with Bundled Services

Cut Operation Costs through Converged Service Delivery

Increase ARPU

Reduce churn

PSTN

Provider Backbone

InternetServices

ApplicationServices

VoiceServices

Customer Networks

SmartNodeCustomer PremisesGateways

WLL

xDSLCATV Leased Lines

BB Access

PowerLine

Carrier Market Segments

Through Partners Patton can offer complete solutions for Tier IIIPatton offers CPEs for Tier I and Tier II Systems

Tier IIISmall and Medium ISPs and CLECs

Tier IICLECs & Large ISPs

Tier IIncumbent

Telcos

Swisscom, DTAG,

Telefonica, ...

Alcatel,Siemens,Huawei…

Sunrise,Arcor,

Tele2...

Green,Inode,

TeleJet...

Cirpack,NetCentrex …

Aarenet,Sysmaster,QIIQ, SER

VoIP in Provider Networks

Tier I • Carrier Trunking(100s SS7/E1 trunks)

• Long Distance Transport

Tier II

Tier III

Application Motivation Penetration

• Cost savings on transport bandwidth

• Compression

• Statistical multiplexing

• Lower cost IP Bandwidth

• Higher than expected

• Estimated 30% do VoIP trunking on some lines

• Last-mile Bypass(V5, Shared PRI)

• 1st line Service

• Carrier Trunking

• First Providers on the market

• E.g. Fastweb, Inode, Green

• Calling-Card

• Call-Shops(Internet Cafes)

• VoIP Termination

• 2nd line Service

• Some growing providers (sipgate, nikotel…)

• many small operators

• Direct Subscriber Access

• Interconnection Toll-Bypass

• Differentiated Service Offering

• Low entry barrier(no $1MM PSTN switch)

• Regional Focus

• Short Term Revenues

Reality Check Provider Solutions

Avantel MexicoSecond largest Telco in Mexico

Data, VPN and VoIP Services

Selected SmartNode to replace Cisco 1700 and 2600 Series

Alcatel Softswitch based, Cisco SS7 interconnect

Inode.atLeading Austrian xDSL ISP

Started SME VoIP Service iTALK in Q2 2004

Open Source SER based, SmartNode PRI interconnect

Green.chLeading Swiss SME ISP

Launching VoIP Service in Q4 2004

Aareswitch based, SmartNode/Squire SS7 interconnect

VDSL Technology and Deployment

Reach and Bandwidth

Deployment Scenarios

Typical Applications

VDSL Line Speeds and Reach

1.01km16.6716.671.22km12.50†12.501.26km9.389.381.31km6.256.25

DistanceDownstream

(Mbps)

Upstream

(Mbps)

Distance (24 AWG)Line RatesSymmetrical

1.49km16.672.34

1.55km9.381.56

1.80km4.171.56

DistanceDownstream

(Mbps)

Upstream

(Mbps)

Distance (24 AWG .4mm)

Line Rates

Asymmetrical

†= factory default setting

Typical Symmetrical uses:Network Backbone (Data Backhaul)

High-Speed Data Applications

Video Teleconferencing

Tele-Consulting Applications

Typical Asymmetrical uses:Digital Broadcast TV

Video on Demand (VoD)

High-Speed Internet Access

Distance Learning

Telemedicine

VDSL Deployment Scenarios

Because of Reach Limitations VDSL is usually used in combination with Fibre

FTTC Fibre to the Curb (VDSL to the buildings)

FTTB Fibre to the building (VDSL in house e.g. MTU/MDU)

FTTH Fibre to the Home

Because of the required Infrastructure these solutions are mostly applied in...

MDU Multiple Dwelling Unit

MTU Multiple Tenant Unit

Campus Networks

Business Parks

Hotels

Etc...

VDSL Campus and MTU/MDU deployment

Ethernet Layer 2 Access

Higher Layer Protocols

VLAN based leased lines or distributed LANsTransparent Layer 2 point-point or multipoint networks

VLAN based QoS ProvisioningUse different IEEE 802.1pQ service classes for voice, data, video services

Access to „standard“ DSL ServicesPPPoE, Broadband RAS, L2TP

VoIP

DataR

R

R

R Router

Bridged 802.1pQB

BB

MPLSSwitch-Router

ConcentratorVDSLModem

IAD

10/100bT2-wire10/100/1000

Voice

Data

VLAN1

VLAN2

IP Address

PPPoE

A few Slides on Products

SmartNode™ SmartLink™ Family

SmartWare Features

VDSL Products

SmartNode Product-Line Overview

SmartNode12001400

1-2 port ISDN BRI Gateways and VoIPRouters SOHO and branch office applications

SmartNode23002400

Modular Ethernet und Leased Line access routers with support for up to 120 VoIP channels

IC-4FXSIC-4BRVIC-E1V

BRI, PRI and FXS VoIP Gateway Cards for the SmartNode 2000 Series

SmartNode4100 Series4500 Series

1-8 port FXS/FXO Gateways and VoIPRoutersSOHO and branch office applications

And many more see www.patton.com/voip

Voice over IP• SIP• H.323v4, H.323+• ISDN over IP (ISoIP) • MGCP/SCTP/IUA• T.38 (Fax over IP)

Router•IPv4 Router, RIP•Firewall (NAPT, IP Filter)•DHCP (Client and Server)•PPP (PPPoE and Leased Lines)•Frame-Relay•Optional IPSec VPN

Quality of Service• Voice Priority• Multiple Traffic Classes• DownStreamQoS™• Traffic Scheduling• TOS, DiffServ, 802.1p

Management• Web GUI• Fully documented CLI (Cisco like)• Telnet and TFTP• Configuration Up- and Download• Remote firmware upgrade• Local Console• SNMP, MRTG

Voice Processing and Signaling•CODECs: G.711, G.726, G.727, G.723, G.729•Euro ISDN BRI and PRI, QSIG•US/NI-2, RBS on T1

SessionRouter• Call Routing:

•Calling and Called Number•Time, Weekday, Date•ISDN Bearer Capability•Wildcards and regular expressions

• Nummer Manipulation Functions• Fallback Strategies

SmartWare Feature Overview

3324 VDSL Concentrator

24 software selectable asymmetrical or symmetrical VDSL ports

Fully manageable Layer 2 Ethernet switch/Layer 3 switch and routing functionality

Built-in POTS/ISDN splitter for all 24 VDSL ports

Local and remote testing and management capabilities

Bandwidth management

Dual auto-sensing RJ-45 100/1000 BaseT or GBIC for Ethernet uplink or cascading

Cascade up to 4 VDSL concentrators for up to 96 ports

Compliant with ETSI, ITU, and ANSI standards

1001 Telco Rack System

High-density rack system supports up to 16 modems in a 2U-high, 19-inch wide rack-mount chassis with integral AC/DC power supply

Configurable input/output modules support all serial, voice/fax, Ethernet interfaces

DSL Cards - G.SHDSL, VDSL

Integrated SNMP and HTTP management system

Automatic load-sharing, dual-redundant AC and DC power supplies

Network management via SNMP or HTTP

Dual-redundant AC and DC power supplies

Great Modularity & Interface Functionality

1068 VDSL Modem with Splitter

Ethernet Extension- Extends Ethernet distances over 1.6 km over 2-wire 24 AWG unconditioned lines

Switch Selectable- Asymmetrical or symmetrical line rates up to 16.67 Mbps!

Auto-sensing Full-Duplex Ethernet- Auto-selected 10Base-T or 100Base-TX; supports full or half-duplex Ethernet

Transparent LAN bridging- Passes higher layer protocols and supports 802.1Q VLAN tagging

Automatic Learning, Aging, and Filtering

G.SHDSL Products

Full Line of G.SHDSL Products

Modular Rack Systems 2U, 4U, 6U

1U Pizza Box Concentrator

TDM based and IP routing/bridging

Unique symmetric 4.6 Mb/s on 2-wire

Patton-Inalp VoIP and VDSLMore Than Just Talk!

Distribution Partner